<p><strong>This guide explains how to select an appropriate size exclusion chromatography (SEC) column for the analysis of biologics. SEC separates molecules based on their hydrodynamic radius, reflecting their size and shape rather than molecular weight.</strong></p><ul><li>Molecules penetrate the pores of the stationary phase</li><li>There are no chemical interactions with the stationary phase</li><li>Larger molecules elute faster</li><li>Smaller molecules elute later</li></ul><h3><span><strong>Principle of SEC Separation</strong></span></h3><p>The separation mechanism is based on molecular size:</p><p><strong>Large molecules</strong><br>→ do not enter the pores<br>→ travel through the interstitial spaces between particles<br>→ elute earlier</p><p><strong>Small molecules</strong><br>→ enter the pores<br>→ follow a longer path<br>→ elute later</p><h3><span><strong>Key Parameters for Column Selection</strong></span></h3><h4><span><strong>1. Molecule Nature</strong></span></h4><p><strong>Start by evaluating:</strong></p><ul><li>hydrodynamic radius</li><li>molecular shape</li></ul><p><strong>Examples:</strong></p><ul><li>Peptides: ~0.7 nm</li><li>Large biomolecules (e.g., AAVs): ~25 nm</li><li>mRNA: elongated, non-globular structure</li></ul><h4><span><strong>2. Pore Size Selection</strong></span></h4><p>The pore size of the stationary phase should be:</p><ul><li><strong>3–4 times larger than the hydrodynamic radius of the target molecule</strong></li></ul><h4><span><strong>3. Particle Size</strong></span></h4><ul><li>≤ 3 µm</li><li>ensures high separation efficiency</li></ul><h4><span><strong>4. Stationary Phase Material</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Prefer <strong>mechanically robust media</strong>, such as silica</li><li>Capable of withstanding <strong>high back pressure</strong></li></ul><h4><span><strong>5. Surface Chemistry</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Chemical surface inertness is critical</strong></li><li><strong>Diol chemistry is preferred</strong>, because:<ul><li>it minimizes interactions</li><li>it provides a <strong>highly hydrophilic surface</strong></li></ul></li></ul><h4><span><strong>6. Column Hardware</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Use <strong>bio-inert hardware</strong></li><li>ensures:<ul><li>minimal analyte loss</li><li>high reproducibility</li></ul></li></ul><h3><span><strong>Available SEC Column Options (</strong></span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=353&amp;manufacturerItems=50&amp;search=dsec"><span><strong>BioZen dSEC Family</strong></span></a><span><strong>)</strong></span></h3><h4><span><strong>1. </strong></span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2192"><span><strong>90 Å (9 nm)</strong></span></a></h4><ul><li>peptides</li><li>small proteins</li><li>aggregates up to ~50 kDa</li></ul><h4><span><strong>2. </strong></span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1534"><span><strong>200 Å</strong></span></a></h4><ul><li>antibodies</li><li>antibody–drug conjugates</li><li>short oligonucleotides</li></ul><h4><span><strong>3. </strong></span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1535"><span><strong>700 Å (70 nm)</strong></span></a></h4><ul><li>AAVs</li><li>mRNA</li><li>large protein complexes (e.g., IgM)</li></ul><h3><span><strong>Column Characteristics</strong></span></h3><ul><li>silica-based particles</li><li>diol surface chemistry (hydrophilic, inert)</li><li>bio-inert hardware</li><li>designed for:<ul><li>high recovery</li><li>high reproducibility</li></ul></li></ul><h3><span><strong>Performance and Calibration</strong></span></h3><h4><span><strong>Proteins and AAVs</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>90 Å</strong> → low molecular weight (up to ~50 kDa)</li><li><strong>200 Å</strong> → medium range (up to ~450–500 kDa)</li><li><strong>700 Å</strong> → large molecules (including AAVs)</li></ul><h4><span><strong>RNA and DNA</strong></span></h4><ul><li>separation of molecules with non-globular shapes</li><li><strong>200 Å</strong> → smaller oligonucleotides</li><li><strong>700 Å</strong> → larger nucleic acid chains (up to ~3000–4000 nucleotides)</li></ul><h3><span><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></h3><p>Selecting the correct SEC column requires:</p><ul><li>understanding molecule size and shape</li><li>choosing an appropriate pore size</li><li>selecting suitable particle size</li><li>ensuring inert surface chemistry and bio-inert hardware</li></ul><p>This enables optimal separation of a wide range of biologics.</p>

How to Select the Right SEC Column for the Analysis of Biologics

<h4><span><strong>The science behind gummy candies</strong></span></h4><p><strong>Who can resist colourful, fruity gummy candies 🍬 with their signature chewy and elastic texture? While they may appear simple, their formulation is actually quite sophisticated. Each gummy is produced using a precisely balanced combination of gelling agents, sugars, acids, flavourings, and colourants, all working together to deliver the desired taste and texture.</strong></p><p>For instance, the characteristic chewiness of gummy sweets results from the interaction between gelatin and sugars. Even minor adjustments—such as changing the type or concentration of the gelling agent—can significantly alter the final product. In addition, manufacturers must meet regulatory and labeling requirements, including certifications like Halal compliance. This makes accurate and consistent monitoring of ingredients essential throughout production.</p><h4><span><strong>The importance of SEC fingerprinting</strong></span></h4><p>Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), also known as Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), offers a fast and reliable way to analyze gummy formulations. By separating molecules according to their hydrodynamic size, SEC generates a unique molecular “fingerprint” for each product.</p><p>This fingerprint enables manufacturers to:</p><ul><li><strong>confirm the type and origin</strong> of <strong>gelling agents</strong> (e.g., for Halal verification)</li><li>ensure <strong>batch-to-batch consistency</strong> and detect production variations</li><li><strong>monitor changes during storage</strong> to assess shelf life</li><li>evaluate <strong>low-molecular-weight compounds</strong> such as sugars in a semi-quantitative manner</li></ul><p>Overall, SEC fingerprinting supports consistent product quality and regulatory compliance, ensuring that every gummy maintains the same expected characteristics.</p><h4><span><strong>Influence of column selection on SEC performance</strong></span></h4><p>Column selection plays a crucial role in achieving high-quality separations and detailed molecular fingerprints. To illustrate this, porcine and bovine gelatin standards were analyzed using two different configurations:</p><ul><li>a single Multipore <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1655"><strong>SuperOH-P column</strong></a></li><li>a coupled system of SuperOH-P 350 and SuperOH-P 150 columns</li></ul><p>Although both setups cover the same molecular <strong>weight range (100–1,000,000 Da)</strong>, the coupled configuration effectively doubles the separation length. This results in improved resolution, which was confirmed experimentally. The coupled columns provided clearer separation between porcine and bovine gelatin, producing more distinct and informative fingerprints.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Fig_1_Overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_DAD_at_230_nm_20_L_d81181cfb4.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Fig. 1 Overlay chromatograms measured with DAD at 230 nm, 20 µL. Dark blue: porcine reference standard; red: bovine reference standard; solid line: measured with column A; dotted line: measured with column set B. Graphic by KNAUER." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Fig_1_Overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_DAD_at_230_nm_20_L_d81181cfb4.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="611"></p><h4><span><strong>Achieving reliable SEC fingerprints</strong></span></h4><p>Reproducibility is key when using SEC for quality control. The process begins with consistent sample preparation—maintaining identical dissolution procedures, concentrations, and filtration steps is essential, as even small variations can influence peak shape and overall results.</p><p>Beyond the column, the entire system setup is equally important. For example, <strong>combining</strong> a <strong>Refractive Index Detector</strong> (RID) with a <strong>Diode Array Detector (DAD)</strong> allows simultaneous detection of sugars, acids, and polymers within a single analysis.</p><p>Accurate peak identification further enhances reliability. By analyzing reference standards based on known ingredient compositions, chromatographic peaks can be correctly assigned, enabling detailed interpretation of both high- and low-molecular-weight components.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Fig_2_Zoom_overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_RID_20_L_and_column_set_B_37caf5ac59.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Fig. 2 Zoom overlay chromatograms measured with RID, 20 µL and column set B. Black: Katjes® Yoghurt Gums; turquoise: apple pectin diluted 1:10; dark green: preserving sugar 1:1 (sugar; citric acid; pectin; fully hydrogenated sunflower oil); dark blue: maltodextrin; pink: sodium potassium tartrate; yellow: potassium citrate; red: citric acid; purple: lactic acid; beige: lactose; orange: sucrose; green: glucose; grey: blank. Graphic by KNAUER. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Fig_2_Zoom_overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_RID_20_L_and_column_set_B_37caf5ac59.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="611"></p><p>Additionally, incorporating a flow marker helps correct for system-related variations, such as fluctuations in flow rate, thereby improving retention time stability and peak assignment accuracy. More details on the flow marker and its use in SEC are described in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/VTN_0043_knauer_gpc_sec_data_reproducibility_with_flow_marker_96ee6b3cd9.pdf"><strong>this technical note</strong></a>.</p><h4><span><strong>Verification of gelatin origin using SEC</strong></span></h4><p>Determining the source of gelatin is critical for proper labeling and compliance, particularly for Halal-certified products where porcine gelatin is not permitted.</p><p>To demonstrate SEC’s capability, two gummy samples with identical formulations but different gelatin sources were analyzed. One sample contained porcine gelatin, while the other used bovine gelatin. The resulting SEC fingerprints showed clear differences in the gelatin region, allowing unambiguous identification. The standard Haribo® Goldbears corresponded to the porcine reference, whereas the Halal version matched the bovine standard.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Fig_3_Overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_DAD_at_230_nm_20_L_and_column_set_B_12e99a43e7.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Fig. 3 Overlay chromatograms measured with DAD at 230 nm, 20 µL and column set B. Solid dark blue line: Haribo® Goldbears; solid red line: Halal Haribo® Goldbears; dotted dark blue line: porcine reference standard; dotted red line: bovine reference standard. Graphic by KNAUER. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Fig_3_Overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_DAD_at_230_nm_20_L_and_column_set_B_12e99a43e7.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="611"></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Fig_4_Overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_RID_20_L_and_column_set_B_2_c29ea59bc4.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Fig. 4 Overlay chromatograms measured with RID, 20 µL and column set B. Solid dark blue line: Haribo® Goldbears; solid red line: Halal Haribo® Goldbears; dotted dark blue line: porcine reference standard; dotted red line: bovine reference standard. Graphic by KNAUER." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Fig_4_Overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_RID_20_L_and_column_set_B_2_c29ea59bc4.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1368" height="432"></p><p>This confirms that SEC is a reliable method for distinguishing gelatin origin.</p><h4><span><strong>Role of low-molecular-weight components</strong></span></h4><p>In addition to polymers such as gelatin, SEC can also reveal smaller molecules, including sugars and organic acids. While SEC is not a replacement for fully validated HPLC methods, it serves as a rapid screening tool for comparing samples and supporting quality control.</p><p>Using RID detection, differences in sugar composition become visible. For example, chromatograms showed a significantly higher sucrose signal in preserving sugar compared to gummy candies, reflecting formulation differences.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Fig_5_Zoom_overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_RID_20_L_and_column_set_B_06c072e069.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Fig. 5 Zoom overlay chromatograms measured with RID, 20 µL and column set B. Black: sucrose 1mg/ml; blue: Haribo® Goldbears; green: preserving sugar 1:1 (sugar; citric acid; pectin; fully hydrogenated sunflower oil). Graphic by KNAUER." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Fig_5_Zoom_overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_RID_20_L_and_column_set_B_06c072e069.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="611"></p><h4><span><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></h4><p>SEC is a powerful analytical technique for monitoring product quality and ensuring process consistency in gummy candy production. By generating detailed molecular fingerprints, it enables manufacturers to verify ingredients, maintain consistency, and comply with regulatory requirements.</p><p>Importantly, this approach is not limited to gummy candies—it can be adapted to a wide range of products where molecular characterization is essential.</p><blockquote><ul><li>If you're planning to set up or optimize your GPC/SEC workflow, feel free to contact us at <strong>sales@knauer.net</strong>. Stay tuned for more exciting insights into the GPC/SEC world in our “GPC/SEC Made Easy” series.</li><li>For more information on the technical details, you can refer to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/VFD_0195_sec_for_fingerprint_analysis_of_gummy_candies_ce5349cd95.pdf"><strong>this application note.</strong></a></li><li>For further information on this topic, please contact our author: <strong>wesolowski@knauer.net</strong></li></ul></blockquote>

GPC/SEC Made Easy – Fingerprint analysis of Gummy Candies

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 17, 2026

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Based in Berlin, KNAUER is a medium-sized, owner-managed company that has been serving the sciences since 1962. We develop and manufacture scientific instruments of superior quality for liquid chromatography, including: Analytical HPLC/UHPLC, Preparative HPLC, Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), Multi-column chromatography/Simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography. High pressure dosing, in-line detection systems, and osmometry are additional business areas.

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Waters Sample & Collection Plate

Waters 96-well and 384-well plates are adherent to ANSI and SBS standards and are suitable for LC autosamplers and liquid handling robots.

<div><div><h4><strong>Broad selection of high-quality sample and collection plates</strong></h4></div></div><div><div><p><strong>Waters 96-well and 384-well plates are adherent to ANSI and SBS standards and are suitable for LC autosamplers and liquid handling robots. Waters plates are made from polypropylene (PP) for chemical resistance, and specialty 96-well plates with glass inserts are available for samples that are not suitable for polypropylene containers.</strong></p><h3><strong>Overview</strong></h3><div><div><div><div><div><div><ul><li>96- and 384-well collection plates and sample plates are SBS/ANSI compliant for robotic compatible systems&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</li><li>&nbsp;Constructed of polypropylene (PP) for chemical resistance</li><li>&nbsp;Glass inserts available for samples requiring glass surfaces</li><li>&nbsp;Heat seals and cap mats for plates and glass inserts</li></ul></div></div><div><div><h4><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h4><p>For general high-throughput LC and LC-MS work and for integration in (semi)-automated sample handling workflows.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/img_Waters_Sample_and_Collection_Plate_709693fdab.jpg" alt="imgWaters Sample &amp; Collection Plate." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_img_Waters_Sample_and_Collection_Plate_709693fdab.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="493"></p><h3><strong>Cap Mats</strong></h3><h4><strong>Silicone/PTFE &amp; Polypropylene Cap Mats</strong></h4><ul><li>Non-slit storage mats for long-term sample storage</li><li>Pre-slit silicone/PTFE and polypropylene cap mats for use in autosamplers for proper venting and sample draw accuracy with excellent resealing characteristics</li><li>Silicone/PTFE &amp; Polypropylene Cap Mats</li></ul><h3><strong>Heat Seals</strong></h3><h4><strong>Clear Polyester Heat Seals</strong></h4><ul><li>Can be used with most solvents &amp; buffers over a -80 °C to 80 °C temperature range</li><li>Requires a heat sealer to apply</li></ul><h4><strong>Aluminum Foil Heat Seals</strong></h4><ul><li>Made from a polyester/aluminum laminate</li><li>Ideal choice for long term storage to reduce evaporative loss</li><li>Aluminum layer reduces gas permeability of the seal</li><li>Can be used at temperatures from -200 °C to 90 °C</li><li>Requires a heat sealer to apply</li></ul><h4><strong>Adhesive Seals</strong></h4><ul><li>A polyolefin film with synthetic rubber adhesive</li><li>Ideal for use with protein and peptide samples and buffers</li><li>Resistant to small concentrations (0% to 30%) of polar organic solvents</li><li>Can be used at temperatures from -80 °C to 80 °C</li><li>Requires a heat sealer to apply</li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Waters CERTIFIED HPLC Vials

Reducing failed assays from unknown contaminant peaks and limiting instrument downtime from out of specification vials is a priority for your lab. Waters sample vials can help you do just that.

<div><div><h4><strong>Meet your analytical challenges with the right vial.</strong></h4></div></div><div><div><p><strong>The right vial.&nbsp;</strong><span><strong>A world of difference.</strong></span></p><p>Reducing failed assays from unknown contaminant peaks and limiting instrument downtime from out of specification vials is a priority for your lab. Waters sample vials can help you do just that.</p><p>All Waters sample vials are held to the tightest dimensional tolerances. Manufactured via a 2-, 3-, or 4-step certification process, we ensure that Waters Certified Vials meet and maintain specified vial dimensions, levels of cleanliness and adsorption properties from batch to batch.&nbsp;Find the right vial for your application and autosampler - use our <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://find.waters.com/VialSelector/"><strong>Vial Selector</strong></a> to find your perfect match.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_118649175c.jpg" alt="Waters CERTIFIED Vials: Table 1. Vials for Routine and Advanced Analyses." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_118649175c.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1226" height="754"></p><h3><strong>Waters LCMS CERTIFIED</strong></h3><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>Dimensional Test</p><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>Septum GC Test</p><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>HPLC UV Test</p><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>MS Scan</p><ul><li>Low MS interferences from known residues &amp; polymers</li><li>For routine QC and LC-MS analysis with lower analyte concentrations from 10-100s ng/ml.</li></ul><h3><strong>Waters TruView<sup>TM</sup> LCMS CERTIFIED</strong></h3><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>Dimensional Test</p><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>Septum GC Test</p><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>HPLC UV Test</p><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>MS Scan</p><p><span><strong>✅&nbsp;</strong></span>Low Adsorption Test</p><div><div><ul><li>Lowest MS interferences from known residues &amp; polymers</li><li>For high-end LC-MS analysis and quantification of analytes with a concentration of below 1 ng/ml with reduced adsorption of polar analytes.</li></ul><h3><strong>Waters CERTIFIED</strong></h3><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>Dimensional Test</p><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>Septum GC Test</p><p><span><strong>✅ </strong></span>HPLC UV Test</p><div><div><ul><li>No UV interferences caused caused by manufacturing and packaging residues</li><li>For routine QC LC-UV analysis&nbsp;of compounds in µg/mL&nbsp;concentrations.&nbsp;</li></ul><h3><strong>MAXPEAK QuanRecovery</strong></h3><ul><li>For high recovery peptide and protein quantification workflows. Reduces sample losses due to non-specific binding (NSB) and ionic interactions.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_2_4fba532335.jpg" alt="Waters CERTIFIED Vials: Vials Shapes." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_2_4fba532335.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1261" height="617"></p><div><div><h3><strong>Control data quality risks and reduce unexpected or ghost peaks</strong></h3><p>Don’t let the presence of background noise impact your results, causing data quality risks and unexpected or ghost peaks. Background noise can come from many factors.&nbsp;One of the most important factors are vial and septa cleanliness, which introduces contamination peaks. Ghost peaks are introduced by analyte degradation that can be triggered by significant pH changes in the diluent. In this chromatogram, the top shows normal behavior, and the bottom chromatogram shows ghost peaks.</p><p>Waters Certified vials are cleanliness tested so you don’t have to worry about contaminant peaks. The TruView pH Control Vials are certified to minimize and control a pH shift away from the neutral.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_4_7749301ba1.jpg" alt="Waters CERTIFIED Vials: Prevent the appearance of unexpected peaks during LC/UV analysis with Waters LC/GC Certified Vials as a control strategy." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_4_7749301ba1.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="535"></p><h3><strong>More time on development. Less on troubleshooting</strong></h3><p>Stop losing valuable development time on troubleshooting due to analyte loss from non-specific adsorption. Waters TruView pH Control LCMS Certified Vials have the lowest adsorptive losses on the market, and you can rely on them to provide consistency from batch to batch and vial to vial. This chromatogram shows a comparison of adsorptive loss of chlorhexidine in a variety of vials.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_5_d3e42fa7f2.jpg" alt="Waters CERTIFIED Vials: Comparison of adsorptive loss of chlorhexidine acetate in a variety of vials." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_5_d3e42fa7f2.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="633"></p><div><div><h3><strong>Ideal for demanding MS work</strong></h3><p>LCMS Certified Vials are suited for analyte concentrations in the 100s ng/mL concentration. Waters LCMS Certified Vials are tested by MS scans from 250 to 1000 <i>m/z</i> with specifications set on the total ion count and presence of clusters in the high mass range. This chromatogram shows a comparison of typical MS scans of Waters LCMS Certified Vials to vials of other sources and clean solvents.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_3_4869fbf57a.jpg" alt="Waters CERTIFIED Vials: Comparing typical MS scans of Waters LCMS Certified Vials, with vials from other sources." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_3_4869fbf57a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="406"></p><div><div><h3><strong>Stay in control of your samples' pH</strong></h3><p>The analysis of low abundance species, pH sensitive analytes or not yet well understood compound mixtures benefit from consistent and well controlled vial surfaces. The glass surface of TruView pH Control LCMS Certified Vials minimizes pH shifts away from the neutral and thus eliminates unwanted reactions and resulting ghost peaks.&nbsp;Ghost peaks are very difficult to troubleshoot.</p><p>Waters TruView pH Control LCMS Certified vials were used to analyze two compounds, drospirenone and lovastatin. The TruView pH Control LCMS Certified Vials show little to no degradant formed over the time tested. Standard glass vials showed considerable degradant formation over the same testing time with irreproducible formation of the degradant across different vials.&nbsp;</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_6_4dc330d849.jpg" alt="Waters CERTIFIED Vials: UV peak areas of lovastatin degradant across replicate vials and different vial types. Error bars indicate standard deviation for the replicate injection peak area." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_6_4dc330d849.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="605"></p><div><div><h3><strong>Reducing adsorption starts here</strong></h3><p>Inconsistent analytical results from small molecule analyte adsorption onto the surface of glass vials can be a problem at today’s low analyte concentrations. Some scientists have even experienced total analyte loss with samples stored in vials for an extended time. The vial chemistry, specifically the&nbsp;glass surface, is the major contributor to this problem.</p><p>Polar analytes&nbsp;may adsorb to the glass vial surface by polar-polar interaction and/or ion exchange mechanisms, thereby reducing the overall amount of sample in solution. TruView Certified LCMS Vials&nbsp;reduce this problem dramatically due to a stringent manufacturing process. The process yields a glass surface that has a lower concentration of free ions on the surface.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_8_064003b933.jpg" alt="Waters CERTIFIED Vials: Nortriptyline at 1 ppb concentration in several vials. The tall peak is the initial injection; the smaller peak (overlaid) is the four-hour injection. The first two chromatograms are competitor’s vials. The third chromatogram is for the Waters TruView LCMS Certified vial. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_CERTIFIED_Vials_8_064003b933.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1912" height="1182"></p><div><div><h3><strong>No analyte left behind</strong></h3><p>Instrument development is yielding more sensitive mass spectrometers. With more sensitive instruments, analytes can be detected at pg/mL levels. At these concentrations, understanding adsorption issues is critical for good quantitative results. We tested adsorption loss for the major manufacturers and saw high sample loss across manufacturers and clear and amber glass types – with significantly less loss with Waters TruView Autosampler Vials.</p><h4><strong>Average Analyte Loss</strong></h4><p><strong>Manufacturer: Clear Glass / Amber Glass</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Vendor A</strong>: 55% / 69%</li><li><strong>Vendor B</strong>: 25% / 25%</li><li><strong>Vendor C</strong>: 54% / 74%</li><li><strong>Vendor D</strong>: 18% / 59%</li><li><strong>Vendor E</strong>: 75% / Not tested</li><li><strong>Waters TruView LCMS Certified Vial</strong>: 1% / 6%</li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Products from category Consumables focused on Consumables from Waters distributed by Waters Corporation (Europe) - page 1

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