Analysis of allergens in food

Significance of the Topic

Food allergens pose significant health risks; reliable analytical methods are essential to detect trace peptides that can trigger allergic reactions.

Objectives and Study Overview

The application note illustrates a targeted LC-MS/MS method to identify and quantify 17 allergen-derived peptides in food matrices using a reversed-phase Shim-pack GIST-HP C18-AQ column.

Methodology and Used Instrumentation

• Chromatography system: Nexera X3 UHPLC with Shim-pack GIST-HP C18-AQ (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm).
• Mobile phases: 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and in acetonitrile (B).
• Gradient program ranging from 2% to 95% B over a 20-minute run; flow rate 0.5 mL/min.
• Mass spectrometer: LCMS-8060NX with IonFocus ESI source operating in positive MRM mode.
• Source parameters: nebulizing gas 2.0 L/min, drying gas 3.0 L/min, heating gas 17.5 L/min; interface 250 °C, DL 150 °C, block heater 300 °C.

Main Results and Discussion

• All 17 target peptides were baseline-resolved within a 20-minute analytical run.
• The method delivered high sensitivity and selectivity, with reproducible retention times for each peptide.
• MRM transitions enabled robust quantification at trace levels relevant to food safety thresholds.

Benefits and Practical Applications

• Rapid, multiplexed detection of allergenic peptides across diverse food samples.
• Metal-free column provides improved peak shapes for acidic peptide targets.
• Well-suited for QA/QC laboratories aiming to meet regulatory requirements.

Future Trends and Opportunities

Emerging high-resolution mass spectrometers, advanced data-processing algorithms, and miniaturized chromatography platforms are expected to enhance throughput, sensitivity, and adaptability for on-site allergen testing.

Conclusion

The described LC-MS/MS workflow represents a robust, sensitive, and efficient approach for monitoring food allergens, thereby supporting safer food production and consumer protection.

References

• Shimadzu Corporation. Application News 01-00665 (JP). 2024.