Cracking the Challenge: Automated Extraction of PFAS in Backyard and Store- Bought Cage-Free Eggs Using LC-MS/MS and Dual-Phase GCB/WAX Cartridges

Significance of Topic

Eggs can accumulate per and polyfluoroalkyl substances through environmental and dietary exposures. Understanding PFAS levels in both backyard and store bought cage free eggs is critical for assessing food safety and consumer health risk.

Study Objectives and Overview

This work aims to compare PFAS concentrations in whole eggs sourced from backyard chickens and commercial cage free poultry. It also presents an automated sample preparation workflow to improve consistency and speed when analyzing this challenging protein and fat rich matrix.

Methodology and Sample Preparation

An automated pressurized fluid extraction is followed by dual phase graphitized carbon black and weak anion exchange solid phase extraction. Egg samples are spiked with internal standards, extracted under alkaline conditions, concentrated, diluted, and cleaned using SPE cartridges. Final analysis employs ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for quantitation down to sub nanogram per gram levels.

Used Instrumentation

• CEM EDGE PFAS Automated Extraction System
• PromoChrom Technologies Automated SPE System
• Waters ACQUITY UPLC I Class PLUS with PFAS Analysis Kit
• Waters Xevo TQ Absolute Mass Spectrometer

Main Results and Discussion

Recovery rates for most PFAS ranged between 70 and 130 percent, indicating reliable extraction from the complex egg matrix. Of 45 targeted compounds, 24 were detected. Backyard eggs exhibited higher and more variable PFAS levels, notably PFOS sometimes exceeding EU limits. Store bought eggs had fewer detections but showed legacy precursors such as FOSA. These differences highlight environmental factors and historical contamination sources.

Benefits and Practical Applications of the Method

• Automated workflow reduces hands on time and variability
• Dual phase SPE ensures effective cleanup and reduces false positives
• Quantitation meets or exceeds current regulatory sensitivity requirements

Future Trends and Applications

Advances in mass spectrometry and automation will enable broader PFAS screening and lower detection limits. This workflow can be adapted for other food matrices and emerging PFAS targets. Integration with regulatory monitoring programs can support the development of new safety standards.

Conclusion

An automated extraction and clean up strategy coupled with LC MS MS provides a robust platform for PFAS analysis in eggs. It reveals elevated contamination in backyard sources and offers a high throughput solution for food safety laboratories.

Reference

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