Ultra-Sensitive Quantification of Tirzepatide in Human Plasma Using Xevo TQ Absolute Mass Spectrometry with waters_connect Quantitation Software

Significance of the Topic

Accurate, ultra-sensitive quantification of tirzepatide in human plasma is critical for understanding its pharmacokinetics and optimizing dosing regimens. Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, has demonstrated potent antihyperglycemic and weight loss effects, driving demand for robust bioanalytical methods to support clinical and pharmacodynamic studies.

Objectives and Study Overview

This study aimed to develop and validate an LC–MS/MS assay for tirzepatide quantification in human plasma with exceptional sensitivity and specificity. Key targets included achieving a lower limit of quantification below 1 ng/mL, ensuring reproducible recovery and minimal matrix effects, and streamlining data acquisition using dedicated software.

Methodology and Protocol

Sample Preparation:

• Protein precipitation with acetonitrile followed by centrifugation at 15000 RCF and 10 °C.
• Solid-phase extraction (SPE) using Waters WCX mixed-mode cartridges for enhanced selectivity and cleanup.
• Calibration standards (0.125–55 ng/mL) and QC samples at four levels (LLQC to HQC).

Chromatography and Detection:

• ACQUITY Premier UPLC H-Class Plus system with Peptide BEH C18 column (2.1×100 mm, 1.7 μm, 300 Å) at 60 °C.
• Gradient elution with 0.2% formic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile (B).
• Xevo TQ Absolute tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer in positive ESI mode.
• MRM transition m/z 1204.28→396.29 with optimized cone voltage and collision energy.
• Data processing with waters_connect for Quantitation Software.

Used Instrumentation

• Xevo TQ Absolute Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer with ESI source.
• ACQUITY UPLC H-Class Plus System with FTN Sample Manager.
• Waters WCX 1 cc (30 mg) mixed-mode SPE cartridges.
• waters_connect for Quantitation Software.

Main Results and Discussion

The method delivered a linear range of 0.125–55 ng/mL (r2>0.997) and an LLOQ of 0.25 ng/mL with signal-to-noise ratios above 10. Recovery averaged 55% with negligible matrix interference. Inter- and intra-day precision and accuracy met regulatory guidelines (M10 Bioanalytical Method Validation), with %RSD below 10% and accuracy between 92% and 115% across QC levels. The chromatographic run time of under 6 minutes allowed high-throughput analysis while maintaining peak resolution and reproducibility.

Benefits and Practical Applications

• Supports pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies by accurately quantifying tirzepatide at sub-nanogram levels.
• Streamlined sample preparation and data processing enhance laboratory throughput and consistency.
• Applicable to clinical research, therapeutic drug monitoring, and dose optimization for peptide-based therapies.

Future Trends and Potential Applications

Advancements in mass spectrometer sensitivity and integration of automated sample preparation will further improve throughput and detection limits. Expanding this workflow to multiplexed peptide assays can support combination therapies. Emerging data analytics and artificial intelligence may enhance method development and real-time quality control, enabling personalized dosing strategies in clinical settings.

Conclusion

A validated UPLC–MS/MS method for tirzepatide in human plasma has been established, delivering high sensitivity, reliability, and throughput. This assay provides a valuable tool for pharmacokinetic, clinical, and therapeutic drug monitoring studies, supporting the continued development of tirzepatide and other peptide therapeutics.

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