<p><strong>He is one of only ten scientists working in Europe who secured the prestigious EMBO Installation Grant this year. After four years in the United States, immunologist Matouš Vobořil recently returned to the Faculty of Science at Charles University to build his own team and advance research focused on the development of immune cells and their training in the thymus. His efforts to combat autoimmune diseases have already caught the attention of numerous grant review panels.</strong></p><h5><strong>Reportedly, one of the motivations for your studies was the awareness that in science, there is still more that is unknown than what is known. You made this statement after receiving the Doctorandus Award for Natural Sciences in 2020, adding that during your lifetime you would like to shift something toward the “known” category. How has that been going so far?</strong></h5><p>The topic for which I&nbsp;take the greatest credit to date is one I&nbsp;began exploring during my doctoral studies and fully developed as a&nbsp;postdoctoral fellow in the U.S., and that is inflammation of the thymus. When you delve into the literature and articles focused on autoimmune diseases, eventually you begin to notice that autoimmune diseases often develop after undergoing some kind of infection. This is particularly evident in connection with long COVID. During inflammatory processes in the body, the immune system responds, and we were interested in whether there is a&nbsp;mechanism that recognises this inflammatory response and teaches T-lymphocytes (immune cells) that this is not a&nbsp;problem, but rather a&nbsp;process inherent to the body.</p><p>During my doctoral studies, I&nbsp;investigated the basic inflammatory response in the thymus, without the presence of actual bacterial or viral inflammation. This turned out to be extremely important. Over time, we discovered that the thymus contains many antiviral molecules and molecules that play a&nbsp;key role in allergic reactions or in the recognition of bacteria and viruses. These molecules create a&nbsp;specific environment in the thymus that mimics what may happen in our bodies later in life, and they train T-cells not to respond to these stimuli. I&nbsp;consider this to be my greatest contribution to the field. Of course, there are still many unexplored areas in this field.</p><h5><strong>The interview I was referring to was published in the magazine of the grammar school where you studied, and which proudly acknowledges your scientific achievements. Was that where your interest in science first began to show?</strong></h5><p>The fact that I&nbsp;studied in Dvůr Králové nad Labem was a&nbsp;huge stroke of luck. Not only is there a&nbsp;zoo, where my parents used to work, so I&nbsp;spent a&nbsp;lot of time there, but thanks to that, I&nbsp;also joined the local Natura club, which brought together people interested in nature and was led by the Dobroruk couple. When I&nbsp;was ten, my parents sent me to a&nbsp;nature-oriented summer camp with them, and I&nbsp;ended up staying with them – which is why I&nbsp;also attended the local high school, where Mrs. Dobroruková taught. She was a&nbsp;wonderful teacher. Her classes really encouraged students to think about what’s&nbsp;happening in nature. Thanks to that, I&nbsp;began participating in biology competitions and got involved in the Czech high school research competition. Although my first scientific experiments focused on ornithology, they gave me the opportunity to present scientific data and meet many people from the Faculty of Science at Charles University, including Professor Jan Černý, who lectured our class on immunology. Suddenly, while still in high school, I&nbsp;realized that this was the path I&nbsp;wanted to take.</p><h5><strong>During your master’s studies, you joined the team of immunologist Dominik Filipp at the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, where you then continued as a doctoral student. How did working with him influence you, and where did it lead you?</strong></h5><p>Dominik Filipp had several ongoing projects related to the peripheral immune response, signalling, and identification of viruses and bacteria. The project I worked on focused on a rare population of cells found in lymph nodes or the spleen. I studied the effect of pathogen-recognising receptors on these cells. Since these cells are similar to those in the thymus and I needed a negative control, I used the thymus for that purpose. To our surprise, the result was not negative but positive. This led us to the phenomenon itself and prompted us to begin investigating its consequences in the thymus.</p><h5><strong>You then travelled overseas to study this discovery – which you actually made rather by chance – in detail. What was your experience like at American research institutions?</strong></h5><p>Amazing. I&nbsp;went to the University of Minnesota to work with particular people, especially my future supervisor, Kristin Hogquist. I&nbsp;had met her at several conferences while I&nbsp;was still in my PhD programme, and I&nbsp;had a&nbsp;feeling that our collaboration could work well both professionally and personally.</p><p>But we were also fortunate to pick Minnesota. It’s&nbsp;a&nbsp;great place to live, and at the same time, excellent science is being conducted there. The Center for Immunology, where I&nbsp;worked, rivals the world’s&nbsp;leading scientific institutions in terms of its research results. I&nbsp;think this is mainly down to the highly supportive environment there, which fosters collaboration. Thanks to this, you can really grow as a&nbsp;scientist there.</p><p>In addition, they focus on explaining and describing the chosen phenomenon as a&nbsp;whole, rather than worrying too much about whether it will result in one or five articles, or whether it will take ten years. Their method of funding supports this approach. In a&nbsp;system of short-term grants, as we know it here, you can’t structure research this way. That’s&nbsp;a&nbsp;major disadvantage for us.</p><h5><strong>How did you develop your own research there?</strong></h5><p>It was there that I&nbsp;fully realized the potential of what we had discovered in the lab in Prague. Kristin Hogquist and her team were working on something similar, but it wasn’t until we teamed up that we were able to take it further. I&nbsp;focused primarily on how various antiviral signals or signals triggered during allergic reactions influence T-cell training and defence against autoimmune diseases following viral infections or allergic reactions. Suddenly, it became clear that this was a&nbsp;vast topic and the foundation for establishing a&nbsp;separate subfield of research on tolerance (the training of immune cells in the thymus so that they do not harm the body while remaining capable of fighting pathogens).</p><p>One great thing was that two labs were coming together at the facility: the one led by Kristin Hogquist and the other led by her husband, Stephen Jameson, which focuses on how different types of infections affect T-cell activation and their response. I&nbsp;realised that these two areas needed to be connected, and I&nbsp;based my own research plan on that – namely, to study how the inflammatory environment, actual inflammation, and viral or bacterial infections can retroactively influence processes in the thymus. This is a&nbsp;topic that no one has addressed yet.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Forum_UK_Voboril_O_imunitnim_systemu_toho_stale_mnoho_nevime_2_b020119f2e.jpg" alt="Forum UK/Petr Jan Juračka: Vobořil: There is still much to learn about the immune system: As head of research, Matouš Vobořil strives to ensure that everyone on his team feels comfortable." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Forum_UK_Voboril_O_imunitnim_systemu_toho_stale_mnoho_nevime_2_b020119f2e.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="667"></p><h5><strong>You mentioned how important it was to you that you got along with Kristin Hogquist not only professionally but also on a&nbsp;personal level. To what extent did you take this “personal” aspect into account when putting together your own team at CU SCI?</strong></h5><p>This is tremendously important to me. Kristin Hogquist is not only an outstanding researcher, but also a&nbsp;very kind person. And that really helped me feel at home in the American environment, which sometimes tends to become highly competitive. I&nbsp;realized that I&nbsp;would like those who will one day work on my own team to feel the same way I&nbsp;did on hers.</p><h5><strong>So far, we’ve been talking about what led you to science. Have you, on the other hand, encountered anything during your career so far that has discouraged you from pursuing science?</strong></h5><p>Moving overseas with my family and my two-and-a-half-year-old son during the pandemic wasn’t the easiest thing to do. We had to apply for a&nbsp;national exemption just so that I&nbsp;and my family would be allowed into the U.S. at all. Fortunately, as an immunologist, I&nbsp;fell into a&nbsp;special category subject to less stringent pandemic restrictions. Packing up the family, moving overseas, and learning to navigate a&nbsp;completely different system is undoubtedly a&nbsp;major challenge. It required sacrifices not only from me, but above all from my wife, who had to put her own career on hold for several years because of mine. This is one of the biggest and most demanding obstacles that scientists and their families must overcome.</p><p>The second major obstacle you have to deal with as a&nbsp;scientist is paperwork – something I’ve only fully realized now that I’m leading a&nbsp;research group. Even though you hear about it from those around you, it still doesn’t prepare you for when it comes. As a&nbsp;trainee, you do science and conduct experiments in the lab, but suddenly everything shifts, and you become a&nbsp;manager and administrator of all sorts of things. I&nbsp;spend about 30 percent of my time on paperwork. It’s&nbsp;not exactly fun.</p><h5><strong>You obtained a&nbsp;Primus grant, a&nbsp;Junior Star grant from the Czech Science Foundation, and most recently an EMBO Installation Grant. What research challenges do you now face with these grants?</strong></h5><p>I&nbsp;would also like to apply for an ERC Starting Grant this year as well. In the Junior Star project, we are studying cell migration to the thymus. We hypothesize that so-called dendritic cells migrate to the thymus from the periphery (skin, lungs, intestines) – that is, from sites exposed to the external environment and inflammation. These cells are thought to bring information about their own antigens to the thymus and teach developing T-cells tolerance. We aim to determine whether this migration actually occurs, under what circumstances, and how important it is for establishing tolerance to specific tissues. This could help answer the question of why autoimmune skin diseases, such as psoriasis, develop following inflammatory processes.</p><p>The second objective is broader. We would like to answer a&nbsp;major question in immunology: <strong>why do autoimmune diseases develop after a&nbsp;person has had an infection? </strong>We want to study how different types of inflammation (viral, bacterial, or yeast infections) affect the training of immune cells in the thymus.</p><p>We would like to introduce a&nbsp;system of so-called “dirty mice.” The entire field of immunological research is based on working with mice raised in sterile conditions so that we can easily manipulate them and observe how these manipulations affect the immune system. In reality, however, the immune system does not function this way. I&nbsp;brought this idea back from the University of Minnesota, where they placed standardized mice in the same cage with mice purchased from various pet stores around Minneapolis. After a&nbsp;few weeks to months, the mice contract almost everything the store-bought mice have, thereby developing a&nbsp;true physiological immune response. Yet they are still the same mice – genetically identical – that we can manipulate. This is an excellent system that allows us to study immune responses in a&nbsp;much more physiological context.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Forum_UK_Voboril_O_imunitnim_systemu_toho_stale_mnoho_nevime_3_c458457e12.jpg" alt="Forum UK/Petr Jan Juračka: Vobořil: There is still much to learn about the immune system " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Forum_UK_Voboril_O_imunitnim_systemu_toho_stale_mnoho_nevime_3_c458457e12.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="667"></p><h5><strong>Will you be applying for a&nbsp;European Research Council (ERC) grant with that goal in mind?</strong></h5><p>Exactly.</p><h5><strong>In order to succeed in the competition for ERC grants, the projects should push the boundaries of knowledge, which also involves a&nbsp;certain degree of risk. Where do you see the greatest risks in your own research?</strong></h5><p>There are many risks. One of the biggest is that although all the infections we plan to introduce are controlled and well-documented, you still never have full control over them. So it’s&nbsp;possible that not only will the mice become peripherally infected, but the thymus itself will also become infected, which could complicate the experiments. At the same time, this is a&nbsp;physiological system – and I’m talking mainly about the “dirty mice” – which means that each mouse will respond a&nbsp;little differently, and that will generate enormous variability in the samples. Immunologists strive to have the purest system possible, so that when they introduce, for example, a&nbsp;single infectious agent, they can then observe exactly what’s&nbsp;happening there. In this regard, we are actually taking a&nbsp;step back, so to speak, because we want it to be more variable and closer to reality. Setting up and analysing data from such experiments so that they’re reproducible and reveal a&nbsp;real phenomenon can be a&nbsp;real challenge. But that’s&nbsp;the only way we can get closer to real life.</p><h5><strong>The most recent Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to three immunologists: Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi, who recently gave a&nbsp;lecture in Prague. Did you meet him? How much did awarding the Nobel Prize to immunologists motivate you further in your work?</strong></h5><p>When Shimon Sakaguchi was in Prague, I&nbsp;was still in the U.S., but I&nbsp;did meet him several times at various conferences and even had the opportunity to talk with him on multiple occasions, given that we’re both involved in T-cell research. In our community, people have long been placing bets on when they’ll finally get the Nobel Prize. For me, their discoveries are truly inspiring, but the Nobel Prize itself doesn’t motivate me that much anymore. I&nbsp;find the story behind it to be more interesting. It took a&nbsp;very long time for the scientific community to accept their findings. One of the seminal articles was published in the <i>Journal of Immunology</i>, which isn’t a&nbsp;journal with as high a&nbsp;profile as <i>Nature</i> or <i>Science,</i> and not one where you’d expect to read about such a&nbsp;groundbreaking discovery. It took several years before it became clear just how significant this discovery was. Now I&nbsp;often remind my students of this – even an article in the <i>Journal of Immunology</i> can win you a&nbsp;Nobel Prize, and that is incredibly inspiring.</p><blockquote><h5><strong>Matouš Vobořil, PhD</strong></h5><p>Graduate of the Faculty of Science at Charles University. His research focuses on the development of immune cells in the thymus, the onset of autoimmune diseases, and the function of antigen-presenting cells. After spending four years as a&nbsp;postdoctoral fellow at the University of Minnesota on Kristin Hogquist’s&nbsp;team, he returned to Europe in 2025. Thanks to a&nbsp;Primus grant from Charles University, he established his own research group at the Faculty of Science. He subsequently received a&nbsp;Junior Star grant from the Czech Science Foundation and, this January, an EMBO Installation Grant. For his dissertation, he was awarded the Doctorandus Prize as part of the Česká hlava initiative.</p></blockquote>

Vobořil: There is still much to learn about the immune system 

<h3><strong>How are PFAS regulations changing, and what role will ion chromatography play in the future of environmental testing?</strong></h3><p>In this episode, &nbsp;David interviews <strong>Jay Gandhi, PhD, </strong>Vertical Markets Manager at <strong>Metrohm USA</strong>, for an in-depth discussion on PFAS analysis, the rise of AOF (Adsorbable Organic Fluorine) testing, and the development of EPA 1621 and ISO 18127 standards.</p><p>With more than 30 years of experience in ion chromatography, Jay shares valuable perspective on how the field has evolved—from early applications and NASA water recovery projects to today’s challenges involving PFAS, TFA, and emerging contaminants.</p><h4><strong>Topics covered in this episode include:</strong></h4><ul><li>What PFAS are and why they matter</li><li>The difference between targeted PFAS methods and AOF analysis</li><li>How combustion ion chromatography works</li><li>Behind the scenes of EPA 1621 and ISO 18127 method development</li><li>Regulatory trends in water, textiles, and food packaging</li><li>TFA analysis using IC-MS and IC-MS/MS</li><li>The future of ion chromatography in environmental labs</li></ul><h3><strong>Video Transcription</strong></h3><p>For more than three decades, Jay Gandhi has worked with ion chromatography (IC), watching the technique expand from a specialized tool for water analysis into an analytical platform used across environmental testing, food and beverage analysis, semiconductor manufacturing, battery applications, and, increasingly, PFAS analysis.</p><p>In an interview for <i>Concentrating on Chromatography</i>, Gandhi discusses his introduction to IC during his work on a NASA Mars exploration project, the emergence of PFAS as a major analytical challenge, and why techniques such as adsorbable organic fluorine (AOF) determination and combustion ion chromatography (CIC) can provide information that targeted LC-MS analysis alone cannot deliver. He also examines the development of standardized methods, sample preparation challenges, and the future role of IC-MS and total fluorine approaches in PFAS monitoring.</p><h4><strong>From NASA to ion chromatography</strong></h4><p>Gandhi's introduction to ion chromatography came through his work as a principal scientist on a NASA Mars exploration project focused on water recovery under zero-gravity conditions. IC played an important role because it enabled researchers to establish the ionic balance of anions and cations in water.</p><p>The technology was used both to investigate micronutrients relevant to agricultural applications and to evaluate water purity for potential astronaut consumption. During approximately three years of this work, Gandhi gained extensive experience with ion chromatography. This ultimately led him deeper into IC instrumentation and, 24 years ago, to joining Metrohm.</p><p>At the beginning of his career, IC was strongly associated with relatively straightforward anion and cation analysis in water. The technique itself had been used for water analysis since the 1970s, but Gandhi has seen its application range expand dramatically.</p><p>Food and beverage testing and environmental analysis became important fields, supported by both direct and indirect detection strategies. More recently, IC has also found applications in areas such as the semiconductor industry and battery recycling.</p><p>In Gandhi's words, ion chromatography has effectively "bloomed" into numerous application areas.</p><h4><strong>PFAS changes the analytical challenge</strong></h4><p>PFAS represent a particularly important chapter in this development. These chemicals have been used for decades in numerous consumer and industrial products, including non-stick materials, firefighting foams, water-resistant textiles and other applications.</p><p>Gandhi recalls work on PFOA and PFOS using ion chromatography with conductivity detection as early as 2008. However, the achievable detection limits were insufficient for the extremely low concentrations that later became important in PFAS analysis.</p><p>A major turning point for him came in 2015, when he encountered research from Sweden using <strong>combustion ion chromatography to investigate total fluorine</strong>. Subsequent collaboration with researchers at Clarkson University and Harvard University, particularly on aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), further demonstrated the importance of looking beyond individual targeted PFAS compounds.</p><h4><strong>Why targeted LC-MS does not tell the whole story</strong></h4><p>Targeted LC-MS is highly sensitive and selective and can provide detailed information about individual PFAS compounds. However, according to Gandhi, the number of possible PFAS structures in the environment is vastly greater than the number routinely included in targeted methods.</p><p>A targeted method may monitor dozens or perhaps around one hundred compounds, while the overall PFAS universe can include thousands of chemical structures. Consequently, targeted analysis may characterize only a small fraction of the total PFAS burden.</p><p>There are other practical considerations. LC-MS measurements can be affected by matrix-dependent ion suppression, while accurate quantification frequently relies on isotope-labelled internal standards. Such standards are available for only a limited number of compounds and can be expensive.</p><p>This is where measurements of total or adsorbable organic fluorine can provide complementary information. Rather than asking <i>which specific PFAS compounds are present?</i>, these approaches can help answer a broader question: <i>how much fluorine associated with this chemical space is present in the sample?</i></p><h4><strong>AOF as a complementary approach</strong></h4><p>Adsorbable organic fluorine analysis provides a different perspective from targeted LC-MS. In the workflow discussed by Gandhi, organic fluorine compounds are captured during sample preparation and subsequently measured using combustion ion chromatography.</p><p>The principle of CIC builds upon older total organic halogen analysis. The sample is combusted at temperatures above approximately 1,000 °C, breaking carbon-halogen bonds. In PFAS-related analysis, carbon-fluorine bonds are broken and the resulting fluoride is collected in an absorption solution.</p><p>Ion chromatography is then used to separate and quantify the fluoride.</p><p>Replacing older detection approaches with IC provides both sensitivity and selectivity for the halogens being measured. Effective combustion is critical: oxygen supports the combustion process, while a carrier gas transports the products into the absorption solution for subsequent IC analysis.</p><h4><strong>The challenge of inorganic fluoride</strong></h4><p>The broad response of CIC is simultaneously one of its strengths and one of its analytical challenges. Combustion does not distinguish fluorine originating from PFAS from fluorine present in inorganic compounds such as fluoride salts.</p><p>This becomes particularly important when analyzing water containing relatively high concentrations of inorganic fluoride while attempting to quantify organic fluorine at very low levels.</p><p>Sample preparation therefore has a critical role. Inorganic fluoride must be effectively separated from the fraction of interest, while materials used during sample preparation must themselves have sufficiently low fluoride backgrounds.</p><p>Contamination can come from unexpected sources. Gandhi points out that background fluoride may originate not only from reagents and sample preparation materials but potentially from the laboratory environment. Careful blank control, appropriate materials and rigorous evaluation of interferences are therefore essential when moving toward increasingly low detection limits.</p><h4><strong>From research method to international standardization</strong></h4><p>The development of standardized AOF methods illustrates the importance of collaboration between academia, industry, regulatory organizations and analytical laboratories.</p><p>Gandhi describes work that began in Europe around 2015 and subsequently progressed through German standardization activities, ISO development, ASTM-related collaboration and the U.S. EPA. The process eventually contributed to methods such as <strong>EPA Method 1621</strong>.</p><p>He emphasizes that this was not the work of a single scientist or organization. Developing a robust method required years of experiments, discussions and sometimes difficult technical debates among numerous stakeholders.</p><p>For Gandhi, the essential principle was that experimental evidence ultimately had to determine the outcome. Collaboration becomes possible when scientists focus on the data rather than the organizations they represent.</p><h4><strong>PFAS monitoring is moving beyond drinking water</strong></h4><p>Regulatory attention to PFAS is also expanding beyond drinking water. Gandhi describes a broader strategy that begins with reducing the manufacture and use of PFAS-containing materials and continues with removing existing contamination from the environment.</p><p>Wastewater represents an important part of this picture because PFAS can enter it from numerous sources. Historical contamination from landfills and contaminated sites can also migrate into groundwater and ultimately affect drinking-water supplies.</p><p>Consumer products are another area of increasing attention. Food packaging, disposable containers, automotive fabrics, outdoor clothing and water-repellent textiles have historically used fluorinated substances to provide properties such as grease, water or stain resistance.</p><p>Reducing PFAS use in such products could therefore gradually decrease the amount entering waste streams and the wider environment.</p><h4><strong>Screening first, regulation later?</strong></h4><p>Gandhi expects AOF to be particularly valuable as a <strong>screening tool</strong>, providing an estimate of broader fluorine contamination before laboratories proceed to more specific analyses.</p><p>Its importance becomes clear when AOF results are compared with targeted PFAS measurements. Gandhi reports that laboratories working with EPA Method 1621 have observed differences between targeted PFAS results and broader AOF measurements ranging from approximately <strong>300- to 4,000-fold in the total fluorine mass balance</strong>.</p><p>Such discrepancies suggest that targeted methods can leave a substantial portion of fluorine unexplained.</p><p>Rather than competing with LC-MS, AOF and CIC therefore provide complementary information. A broad screening method can reveal the magnitude of total contamination, while targeted mass spectrometry identifies and quantifies specific compounds of interest.</p><h4><strong>Where IC-MS fits into the PFAS toolbox</strong></h4><p>No single technique can cover the entire PFAS problem. Gandhi highlights very short-chain, highly polar fluorinated compounds as another analytical challenge.</p><p>Compounds such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) are highly water-soluble and may not be quantitatively retained by the carbon materials used for AOF sample preparation. Direct ion chromatography can provide an alternative route for separating such compounds from common inorganic anions.</p><p>Coupling IC with mass spectrometry adds another level of sensitivity and selectivity. Gandhi therefore sees <strong>IC-MS and IC-MS/MS</strong> as increasingly important tools for highly polar fluorinated compounds. Similar approaches can also be useful beyond PFAS, including the determination of polar pesticides such as glyphosate and glufosinate.</p><h4><strong>Toward lower detection limits and more complete PFAS analysis</strong></h4><p>For Gandhi, current standardized methods represent a beginning rather than an endpoint. Improvements in instrumentation and particularly sample preparation could push total fluorine analysis to substantially lower concentrations.</p><p>He notes that current combustion IC configurations can reach approximately <strong>0.5 ppb</strong>, or 500 parts per trillion, and believes that improvements in sample volume, preparation procedures and mitigation of inorganic fluoride backgrounds could eventually move detection below 100 ppt and potentially toward 50 ppt.</p><p>Extractable organic fluorine workflows could provide another bridge between broad fluorine screening and targeted LC-MS methods. Combining improved extraction with CIC could allow samples to be screened for organic fluorine before more detailed compound-specific characterization.</p><p>The broader message from Gandhi's career is that PFAS analysis is unlikely to be solved by a single analytical technique. <strong>Targeted LC-MS provides compound-specific sensitivity and selectivity; AOF and combustion IC reveal a broader fluorine picture; and IC-MS can address highly polar compounds that are difficult to capture using conventional workflows.</strong> Used together, these techniques can provide laboratories with a much more complete understanding of PFAS contamination than any one approach alone.</p><blockquote><p><strong>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</strong></p></blockquote><blockquote><h4><strong>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</strong></h4><p>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!</p><p>You can find <strong>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast </strong>in podcast apps:</p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL"><strong>Spotify</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185"><strong>Apple podcast</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography"><strong>podscan</strong></a></li></ul><p>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos"><strong>YouTube channel</strong></a></p></blockquote>

The Future of Ion Chromatography | PFAS Testing, EPA 1621 & AOF Explained

<p><strong>In late February 2025, a train carrying benzene derailed in Hustopeče nad Bečvou, and within hours, a race was on to save the groundwater and surface water. One of the most toxic industrial substances began seeping into the gravel-sand subsoil. While fieldwork was underway to prevent the spread of contamination, decisions were already being made in the CXI TUL laboratories regarding how to subsequently clean up the contaminated rock environment.</strong></p><p>The accident ranks among the <strong>most serious environmental incidents in the Czech Republic in recent years</strong>. After a tanker train derailed, hundreds of<strong> metric tons of benzene leaked</strong>; due to the highly permeable geological subsoil, it quickly seeped into deeper soil layers and into the groundwater. The combination of the substance’s high toxicity and local conditions complicated both the emergency response and the subsequent remediation. The key was to stop further spread, determine the extent of the contamination, and establish a remediation strategy for the entire site.</p><p>It was at this stage that CXI TUL became involved in the solution. At the request of the renowned remediation company DEKONTA, a.s., a team led by <strong>RNDr. Jan Němeček, Ph.D.</strong>, began testing the feasibility of the<strong> in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) method</strong>. This technology is designed to<strong> break down benzene directly within the rock matrix</strong>, without the need for extensive excavation of contaminated soil or the pumping out of large volumes of groundwater. The goal was simple: to find a method that would work quickly, safely, and under the actual conditions of the affected site.</p><h4><strong>Benzene Remediation: Technically Simple, Complicated in Practice</strong></h4><p>Benzene is a highly toxic and carcinogenic substance that rapidly penetrates into groundwater in permeable subsoil, where it dissolves and spreads further as the water flows toward surface water bodies. Benzene also binds to rock particles and migrates in the form of vapors into overlying unconsolidated layers.</p><p>Scientists in Liberec therefore tested <i>in situ </i>chemical oxidation (ISCO) technology under laboratory conditions. The goal was to find an oxidant capable of breaking down benzene directly underground into less hazardous substances.</p><p>The tests evaluated two main options:<strong> activated hydrogen peroxide and sodium peroxodisulfate</strong>. Both substances removed up to<strong> 99.99% of the benzene</strong>, but there was a difference in their kinetics and impacts on the natural environment. Activated hydrogen peroxide achieved nearly complete degradation of the contaminant within a single day. Activated sodium peroxodisulfate was slower and also significantly altered the chemistry of the water; it acidified the environment and increased the sulfate content in the water, which poses an additional environmental burden.</p><p>For field applications, the researchers therefore unequivocally recommended <strong>activated hydrogen peroxide</strong>.</p><h4><strong>Dosage Matters</strong></h4><p>It was not just the oxidant’s effectiveness that was key. It was equally important to determine how the chemical reaction would behave in a real geological environment. The team of scientists therefore also analyzed what is known as <strong>soil oxidant consumption (SOD)</strong>. It turned out that a significant portion of the oxidizing agent does not react solely with benzene but is also consumed to a significant extent by the rock environment itself, particularly by natural organic substances present in the fine-grained fraction of the soil.</p><p>An oxidant consumption value was determined specifically for the local composition of the aquifers, which is essential for the correct dosing of chemicals in the field so that the remediation is not only effective but also economically viable and safe for surrounding ecosystems.</p><h4><strong>One Year After the Accident: Research Turns into Real-World Assistance</strong></h4><p>While the public often perceives university science as a distant world of laboratories and grant projects, it is precisely situations like this that demonstrate its practical impact. The results of the work by researchers at CXI TUL did not remain confined to academic studies but directly influenced decisions regarding the technology used to clean up one of the largest environmental accidents in recent years.</p>

Science on the Front Lines: Cleanup of a Benzene Spill

Article

Video

Scientists

Environment

Interview

The Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovations of the Technical University of Liberec, also known as CXI TUL, was founded in 2009. Our mission is to support TUL's long-term vision of collaboration with industry and innovation.

CXI TUL

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

Reportáže, rozhovory, zprávy o vědeckých projektech a studentských akcích ... Jsme online informační bránou Univerzity Karlovy.

Forum: magazín Univerzity Karlovy

Waters Empower Chromatography Data System (CDS)

Empower Chromatography Data System (CDS) has been intentionally designed to help you address your most rigorous chromatographic, regulatory, and networking challenges.

<div><div id="title-230ef9ecce" data-locator="title-with-text"><h3><strong>Elevate your chromatography with the universal language of the lab</strong></h3></div></div><div><div id="text-3b75bcd8fb" data-locator="text"><p><strong>Simplifying the way you collect, manage, and report chromatography test results is critical to your lab efficiency. With a suite of flexible functionalities that grows to meet your changing quality, business, and laboratory needs, Empower Chromatography Data System (CDS) has been intentionally designed to help you address your most rigorous chromatographic, regulatory, and networking challenges.</strong></p><p>Empower CDS<strong> </strong>helps your entire laboratory operate more efficiently and securely with the industry's most advanced data acquisition, management, processing, analytics, and reporting capabilities. Easily scalable from a single workstation to an enterprise-wide network, where you can work at the bench, across sites, and even remotely with on-premises or cloud options, Empower CDS provides an environment where your records are traceable, so you always have full control of your most critical asset - your data.</p><div><div id="text-8f4122209c" data-locator="text"><h3><strong>Overview</strong></h3><div data-locator="section-container-body"><div><div><div data-locator="layoutcontainer-"><div><div id="text-07744ba23e" data-locator="text"><ul><li><strong>Store and retrieve chromatography data using an embedded, relational database</strong>; simplifying data retrieval by searching with criteria that is meaningful to you</li><li><strong>Save time, reduce manual integration, and calculate more precise peak integrations</strong> with the ApexTrack algorithm in Empower CDS</li><li><strong>Easily control</strong> Waters high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UHPLC, and UPLC systems, as well as non-Waters HPLC, gas chromatography (GC), photodiode array detector (PDA), and mass spectrometry (MS) systems</li><li><strong>Achieve more enhanced detection capabilities</strong> when using Waters mass detectors or the Waters ACQUITY UPLC PDA Detector</li><li><strong>Grow seamlessly from a single workstation to an enterprise-wide system</strong> with the scalable, modular architecture in Empower CDS, which fits into the most modern and secure high-availability corporate architecture</li><li><strong>Deploy applications</strong> such as dissolution, method validation, integrated chemical structures, and polymer or size exclusion analysis</li></ul></div></div><div><div id="text-a7790dd22b" data-locator="text"><h3><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h3><p>For advanced data acquisition, management, processing, reporting, and distribution of chromatography analysis data.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Empower_Chromatography_Data_System_CDS_Operate_more_efficiently_and_securely_with_the_flexible_capabilities_of_Empower_Chromatography_Data_System_CDS_9625ca12d5.jpg" alt="Waters Empower Chromatography Data System (CDS): Operate more efficiently and securely with the flexible capabilities of Empower Chromatography Data System (CDS)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Empower_Chromatography_Data_System_CDS_Operate_more_efficiently_and_securely_with_the_flexible_capabilities_of_Empower_Chromatography_Data_System_CDS_9625ca12d5.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p><div><div id="text-f39d8a00c0" data-locator="text"><h3 data-locator="modal-title"><strong>Interface options unique to your users</strong></h3><p>Empower Software represents a fundamental shift in <strong>UPLC/UHPLC, HPLC, and LC-MS</strong> system usability. It is equipped with unique interface options designed for your lab, regardless of the task or user's skill level. When users log in, they are presented with the application that provides the appropriate workflow for them. If authorized, users can select another software interface that is suitable for their current task.</p><h5><strong>The three Empower Software applications are:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>QuickStart</strong>&nbsp;- Collect, process, and report data from a single-window access. Use a wizard to set up methods and run assays. Navigate the entire Empower environment from one screen, including instrument control, view plotted data in real time, view raw data, and access tools to customize and print reports.</li><li><strong>Pro</strong>&nbsp;- Access to all software functions for advanced users, system administrators, or anyone who needs total control.</li><li><strong>Open Access</strong>&nbsp;- Select your method and the number of samples you need to run and get started with the click of a mouse. No chromatography experience is necessary.</li></ul><figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:1024/594;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Empower_Chromatography_Data_System_CDS_The_Empower_Quick_Start_interface_uses_a_navigation_bar_to_guide_you_through_the_software_and_all_tasks_are_carried_out_in_one_window_dfe3ec8bb7.jpg" alt="Waters Empower Chromatography Data System (CDS): The Empower QuickStart interface uses a navigation bar to guide you through the software and all tasks are carried out in one window." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Empower_Chromatography_Data_System_CDS_The_Empower_Quick_Start_interface_uses_a_navigation_bar_to_guide_you_through_the_software_and_all_tasks_are_carried_out_in_one_window_dfe3ec8bb7.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="594"></figure><div><div id="text-b65d021cbc" data-locator="text"><h3 data-locator="modal-title"><strong>Ideal for data analysis</strong></h3><h5><strong>Improve data analysis workflows and information sharing across your lab with Empower Software, which helps you achieve:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Reliable shoulder peak detection</strong> - ApexTrack effectively detects and integrates shouldered peaks, providing more reliable detection of low-level peaks on noisy or sloping baselines for less manual manipulation and more accurate results.</li><li><strong>Automated custom calculations</strong> - Simply use a wizard to set up your parameters, like averages or % relative standard deviation (RSD). After configuring the calculation once, Empower Software automatically determines the answer when data is processed - no more data transfer, spreadsheet manipulation, or transfer errors.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Better information sharing </strong>- Easily share information with colleagues worldwide with results and reports stored within the same database. Create combined summary reports across laboratories, instruments, and projects, regardless of where data was acquired or processed. Create PDFs or email reports, distribute methods and information electronically, access information between remote sites, and review and electronically sign off results.</li><li><strong>Fast access to information </strong>- Empower CDS has an embedded relational database, enabling you to store chromatographic results, automatically linking all metadata without manual information tracking or documentation, and better preparing you for review questions or audits. Find data fast and easily with relevant search terms and automatic time stamps of user activity - without a flat file environment, awkward naming conventions, or manual method and result versioning.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Empower_Chromatography_Data_System_CDS_9a791332d9.jpg" alt="Waters Empower Chromatography Data System (CDS): As an example of the breadth of technology that Empower offers, the software can control mass spectrometry (MS) instruments and acquire and process MS data. Spectral information from multiple detection modes can be viewed simultaneously. This enables scientists to easily perform complex analyses with minimal training, increasing lab productivity." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Empower_Chromatography_Data_System_CDS_9a791332d9.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="553"></p><div><div id="text-a10f03a0ca" data-locator="text"><h3 data-locator="modal-title"><strong>At-a-glance key chromatography data views to maximize lab resources</strong></h3><p>Empower Laboratory Analytics assembles and displays critical chromatography performance data in easy-to-view, graphical dashboards so you can focus on what’s most important―the interpretation of key information, not its collection.&nbsp;</p><p>Empower Laboratory Analytics offers a range of prebuilt dashboard types, including system summary, system usage, project usage analysis, and methods analysis. These at-a-glance dashboards let you quickly and accurately determine how laboratory resources are being used, without significant manual effort. With these dashboards, you can make evidence-based decisions on which improvements are needed to increase laboratory efficiency.&nbsp;</p><p>With Empower Laboratory Analytics, you can maximize system utilization and better manage resources. You can quickly identify training needs, error messages affecting workflows, and non-robust processing methods. With Empower Software, your lab can better plan for capital expenditures and identify opportunities to shorten run times with UPLC/UHPLC technology.</p></div></div><div><div id="text-497ef11ba3" data-locator="text"><h3 data-locator="modal-title"><strong>Monitor your chromatography system anytime, anywhere</strong></h3><h5><strong>Empower Mobile gives you wireless access to Empower Software from a tablet or smartphone, making it easier to know what’s happening in your laboratory no matter where you are to:</strong></h5><ul><li>Improve laboratory efficiency</li><li>Easily find and share results remotely</li><li>Expedite workflow for signoff on reports</li><li>Lower operating costs for system administration tasks</li><li>Reduce sample and mobile phase waste</li></ul><p>Whether you are an analyst, manager, or system administrator, this easy-to-use application, specially designed to run on mobile devices, gives you the flexibility to work on other priorities, knowing that you can use your mobile device at any time to monitor system status, perform routine system administration tasks, and review and sign off reports.</p><p>Empower Mobile is versatile and has been optimized to work with Apple iPad and iPhone and Android tablet and smartphone devices. Empower Mobile can be installed on your Empower Software network in either workgroup or enterprise configurations, all at no additional cost to you.&nbsp;</p><div><div id="text-8f9e5e7bd5" data-locator="text"><blockquote><h3><strong>Empower 3.9.0 is here</strong></h3><h5><strong>Keep your lab current with the latest Empower Software release built to enhance efficiency, productivity, and compliance readiness so you can drive better scientific and business outcomes across your organization.</strong></h5><h4><strong>With Empower 3.9.0 you can:</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Reduce risk: </strong>Full Windows® 11 support to keep your data safe with the latest Microsoft® updates.</li><li><strong>Increase efficiency: </strong>Updates in the Review window simplify work for users when workflows require technical controls to reduce the potential for human bias.</li><li><strong>Reduce cost and effort: </strong>New Empower RapidDeploy Software option for LAC/E devices reduces the effort spent planning, preparing, and coordinating LAC/E device upgrades and significantly reduces resource constraints often encountered during upgrades — reducing upgrade costs and minimizing downtime during upgrades so you can&nbsp;keep your operations current.</li></ul><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/nextgen/us/en/services/software-services/software-upgrades/empower-software-upgrade-request.html"><strong>Upgrade to the latest version!</strong></a></h4></blockquote></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Waters MassLynx Mass Spectrometry Software

With development largely driven by input from our extensive user base, MassLynx provides the fundamental platform to acquire, analyze, manage, and share mass spectrometry information.

<h3><strong>Our well-established MassLynx software package delivers market-leading versatility and flexibility for all application areas.</strong>&nbsp;</h3><div><div id="text-f93532e53f" data-locator="text"><p><strong>MassLynx was first pioneered to simplify interaction with mass spectrometry (MS) and has continually improved to meet changing customer needs. The result: a market-leading software solution that allows users to best leverage their MS system and harness real-time intelligence, ensure MS system performance, and more quickly convert sample data into valuable knowledge. With development largely driven by input from our extensive user base, MassLynx provides the fundamental platform to acquire, analyze, manage, and share mass spectrometry information.</strong></p><p>MassLynx Software features a <strong>21 CFR Part 11-compatible security</strong> including <strong>file encryption, audit log</strong>, and <strong>secure archival/retrieval technology</strong> with flexible security policies to meet your lab requirements. Waters also offers excellent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/waters/nav.htm?cid=1000349" data-di-id="di-id-5aca7e0f-b105e917"><strong>service and suppor</strong>t</a> to get the system up and running – for on-time results without the stress.</p><h2><strong>MassLynx Quantitation Applications</strong></h2><div><div id="title-eb2a5ffa29" data-locator="title-with-text"><h4><strong>Streamline quantitative data acquisition and processing</strong></h4></div></div><div><div id="text-baefaeaec6" data-locator="text"><p>The rate determining step in many analyses is not data acquisition, but the speed your data can be converted into useful information.</p><p>To assist you with both application-specific data acquisition and the transformation of data into usable results, MassLynx for quantitation offers a range of <strong>application managers</strong> with specialized data processing functionalities, which eliminates the need for complex time-consuming manual data review, increasing your productivity.</p><p>The functionality of <strong>MassLynx application managers</strong> has been guided by our customers and optimized for your data analysis and processing requirements.&nbsp;</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Mass_Lynx_Quantitation_Applications_b5a284165b.jpg" alt="Waters: MassLynx Quantitation Applications." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Mass_Lynx_Quantitation_Applications_b5a284165b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1428" height="625"></p><h3><strong>Overview</strong></h3><div data-locator="section-container-body"><div><div><div data-locator="layoutcontainer-"><div><div id="text-4b29255c4a" data-locator="text"><ul><li>A tried and well-established software package, MassLynx delivers the versatility and flexibility you require for all of your quantitation applications</li><li>MassLynx security system provides compliance ready tools to meet GxP and 21 CFR Part 11 regulations and TargetLynx XS delivers the information necessary for regulatory compliance</li><li>Inlet method editor and MS method editor allow the user to intuitively build LC-MS/MS methods for quantitative data acquisition</li><li>Auto-dwell for MRM dwell times makes it easy to optimize MRM methods to maximize points per peak and get the best quantitative performance</li><li>IntelliStart guarantees maximum system performance and usability for reproducible results</li></ul></div></div><div><div id="text-adc477d45b" data-locator="text"><h3><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h3><p>MassLynx quantitation applications streamline quantitative data acquisition and processing.</p><div><div id="title-be02784995" data-locator="title-with-text"><h2><strong>MassLynx Mass Detection Applications</strong></h2></div></div><div><div id="title-d5b484d548" data-locator="title-with-text"><h4><strong>Intuitively interact with your mass detection system with MassLynx</strong></h4></div></div><div><div id="text-0fc50dc8ea" data-locator="text"><p>The challenges of mass spectrometry (MS) analyses are often compounded by the use of several types of analytical instruments and high personnel turnover. To maintain and even increase laboratory productivity and efficiency, MassLynx Software simplifies interaction with your mass detection system. MassLynx enables users with a wide range of expertise to easily acquire high-quality mass spectral data with minimal training.</p><p>MassLynx application managers enable you to focus the power of MS on your laboratory's tasks.</p><h3><strong>Overview</strong></h3><div data-locator="section-container-body"><div><div><div data-locator="layoutcontainer-"><div><div id="text-fb3c291dd5" data-locator="text"><ul><li>MassLynx delivers the versatility and flexibility you require for all of your mass detection applications</li><li>Easy-to-use application managers enable you to simply transform mass spectral data into usable results</li><li>Intuitive setup and interaction with the mass detector guarantees optimal performance and reproducible results</li><li>Routinely using the same intuitive software provides familiarity and simplicity for more efficient workflows</li><li>Inlet method editor and MS method editor allow the user to intuitively build LC-MS methods for qualitative and quantitative data acquisition</li></ul></div></div><div><div id="text-4b89cfd965" data-locator="text"><h3><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h3><p>Masslynx Application Managers enable laboratories to confidently produce high quality results without complexity.</p><p><img style="aspect-ratio:1086/319;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Mass_Lynx_Mass_Detection_Applications_f261c2afd6.jpg" alt="Waters: MassLynx Mass Detection Applications." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Mass_Lynx_Mass_Detection_Applications_f261c2afd6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1086" height="319"></p><div><div id="title-67851c4cd4" data-locator="title-with-text"><h2><strong>MassLynx High-Resolution Applications&nbsp;</strong></h2></div></div><div><div id="title-1688118c0d" data-locator="title-with-text"><h4><strong>Fully characterize your samples with Waters high-resolution mass spectrometry</strong></h4></div></div><div><div id="text-fc7cb897e2" data-locator="text"><p>As the power of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) allows today’s labs to obtain high quality data, the challenge is then to confidently identify and characterize components of interest.</p><p>Waters MassLynx Applications enable your lab to efficiently process and interpret HRMS data sets – whether your samples are biological, chemical, environmental, or pharmaceutical, we have a solution that meet your needs, whether it's based on gas chromatography (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Mass_Lynx_High_Resolution_Applications_9811f2e6b9.jpg" alt="Waters: MassLynx High-Resolution Applications." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Mass_Lynx_High_Resolution_Applications_9811f2e6b9.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1422" height="594"></p><h3><strong>Overview</strong></h3><div data-locator="section-container-body"><div><div><div data-locator="layoutcontainer-"><div><div id="text-b16ee61766" data-locator="text"><ul><li>Rapidly identify metabolites with MetaboLynx XS</li><li>Achieve confident structural elucidation with MassFragment</li><li>Automate the processing of LC-MS, GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, or GC-MS/MS data with ChromaLynx</li><li>Meet quantitative and qualitative proteomics research requirements with ProteinLynx Global Server (PLGS)</li></ul></div></div><div><div id="text-1dee9a4274" data-locator="text"><h3><strong>Recommended Use&nbsp;</strong></h3><p>For identifying and characterizing data acquired using high-resolution mass spectrometry.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Products from category Chromatography software from Waters - page 1

Related content

Science on the Front Lines: Cleanup of a Benzene Spill

The Future of Ion Chromatography | PFAS Testing, EPA 1621 & AOF Explained

Vobořil: There is still much to learn about the immune system