<p><strong>🎤Dr. Leigh Terry (University of Alabama)</strong></p><p><strong>In this episode of Concentrating on Chromatography, we sit down with Dr. Leigh Terry from the University of Alabama to explore one of the biggest challenges in environmental analysis today: understanding—and accurately measuring—PFAS in water systems.</strong></p><p>While most regulatory methods focus on a small number of compounds like PFOA and PFOS, there may be thousands of PFAS compounds in the environment—and much of that burden goes undetected.</p><h4><strong>In this episode, we cover:</strong></h4><ul><li>Why PFAS are called “forever chemicals” (and why that label is evolving)</li><li>The limitations of targeted<strong> LC-MS/MS methods</strong></li><li>What the fluorine mass balance problem reveals about PFAS destruction</li><li>How combustion ion chromatography (<strong>CIC</strong>) helps measure total organofluorine</li><li>Why “99.99% removal” doesn’t always mean what you think</li><li>Where PFAS actually end up in wastewater treatment systems</li><li>The most effective technologies for PFAS removal today</li><li>Why drinking water may only account for ~20% of total PFAS exposure</li></ul><h4><strong>Key Insight:</strong></h4><p>Even when analyzing dozens of PFAS compounds, researchers may only be capturing a small fraction of total organic fluorine—raising major questions about how we monitor and regulate these contaminants.</p><h3><strong>Video Transcription</strong></h3><p>In this episode of <i>Concentrating on Chromatography</i>, Dr. Leigh Terry discusses PFAS contamination in drinking water, the analytical challenges associated with measuring these compounds, current treatment technologies, and future directions for monitoring and regulation. The conversation highlights how analytical chemistry, environmental engineering, and public health intersect in addressing one of today's most discussed classes of emerging contaminants.</p><h4><strong>Understanding PFAS and Their Significance</strong></h4><h5><strong>The University of Alabama Water Quality Research Center</strong></h5><p>Dr. Leigh Terry is part of the University of Alabama's Center for Water Quality Research. The center operates an analytical laboratory focused on drinking water quality and the detection of contaminants at extremely low concentrations.</p><p>The laboratory specializes in:</p><ul><li>Drinking water analysis</li><li>Organic contaminants</li><li>Emerging contaminants</li><li>PFAS monitoring</li><li>Water quality research</li></ul><p>Their work supports both research initiatives and practical solutions for water utilities and environmental agencies.</p><h4><strong>Why Focus on PFAS?</strong></h4><p>Although PFAS compounds have existed since the 1940s, public awareness has increased dramatically only in recent years.</p><p>According to Dr. Terry, several factors contributed to the rapid growth of PFAS research:</p><ul><li>Increased media attention</li><li>New regulatory initiatives</li><li>Growing evidence of human exposure</li><li>Expanding research opportunities</li><li>Greater understanding of potential health risks</li></ul><p>PFAS are not new contaminants. Rather, society is only beginning to understand their prevalence in the environment and their potential impacts on human health.</p><h4><strong>The Development of Standardized PFAS Methods</strong></h4><p>One major advancement in PFAS analysis has been the development of standardized EPA methods.</p><p>These methods allow:</p><ul><li>Consistent testing procedures</li><li>Comparable results between laboratories</li><li>Regulatory monitoring</li><li>Reliable data interpretation</li></ul><p>Dr. Terry notes that many of these standardized approaches began appearing around 2018–2019, providing a common framework for analytical laboratories and researchers.</p><h4><strong>How Large Is the PFAS Universe?</strong></h4><p>Many people are familiar with PFOA and PFOS, two of the most heavily studied PFAS compounds. However, these represent only a small fraction of the broader PFAS family.</p><p>PFOA and PFOS are often referred to as:</p><ul><li>Legacy PFAS compounds</li><li>Original PFAS contaminants</li><li>Early commercial PFAS chemicals</li></ul><p>The challenge is that even minor modifications to molecular structure create entirely new PFAS compounds.</p><p>Researchers estimate:</p><ul><li>Thousands of PFAS compounds exist</li><li>Some estimates exceed 10,000 compounds</li><li>Exact numbers depend on how PFAS are defined</li></ul><p>Scientific debate continues regarding classification and definition, making precise counting difficult.</p><h4><strong>Why PFAS Are Called "Forever Chemicals"</strong></h4><p>Dr. Terry notes that the phrase "forever chemicals" has become widely used, although she suggests the terminology could benefit from rebranding.</p><p>PFAS persistence results from two key chemical properties.</p><h5><strong>1. Amphiphilic Structure</strong></h5><p>PFAS molecules contain:</p><ul><li>A water-loving (hydrophilic) head group</li><li>A water-repelling (hydrophobic) fluorinated tail</li></ul><p>This unusual combination allows PFAS to partition between:</p><ul><li>Water</li><li>Solids</li><li>Air-water interfaces</li><li>Foam</li></ul><p>Unlike many organic compounds, PFAS can interact effectively with multiple environmental phases.</p><h5><strong>2. Extremely Strong Carbon–Fluorine Bonds</strong></h5><p>The carbon–fluorine bond is among the strongest bonds in organic chemistry.</p><p>As Dr. Terry explains:</p><ul><li>Large amounts of energy are required to break these bonds</li><li>Natural degradation processes are often ineffective</li><li>Destruction can require highly aggressive treatment conditions</li></ul><p>These properties make PFAS extremely persistent in both environmental systems and biological organisms.</p><h4><strong>Toxicity, Regulations, and Environmental Behavior</strong></h4><h5><strong>Understanding PFAS Toxicity</strong></h5><p>One of the biggest challenges in PFAS regulation is the incomplete understanding of toxicity.</p><p>Dr. Terry explains that EPA regulations generally consider three factors:</p><ul><li>Presence in drinking water sources</li><li>Toxicity to humans</li><li>Availability of practical treatment options</li></ul><p>While some PFAS compounds are known to be harmful, many others remain insufficiently studied. Furthermore, PFAS often occur as mixtures rather than individual compounds.</p><p>This creates important scientific questions:</p><ul><li>What is the toxicity of individual PFAS?</li><li>What is the toxicity of PFAS mixtures?</li><li>How should cumulative exposure be evaluated?</li></ul><p>These uncertainties continue to drive active research.</p><h4><strong>What Happens to PFAS in Wastewater Treatment Plants?</strong></h4><p>PFAS do not behave like many conventional contaminants.</p><p>Rather than remaining fully dissolved in water, they often accumulate at interfaces such as:</p><ul><li>Water-solid interfaces</li><li>Water-air interfaces</li><li>Foam layers</li><li>Biological solids</li></ul><p>As a result:</p><ul><li>Some PFAS accumulate in biosolids</li><li>Some partition into foam</li><li>Some remain in treated effluent</li></ul><p>Their distribution depends on wastewater composition and treatment processes.</p><h4><strong>Regulatory Monitoring and Targeted LC-MS Analysis</strong></h4><p>Current EPA regulations focus on targeted analysis of specific PFAS compounds.</p><p>Examples include:</p><ul><li>PFOA</li><li>PFOS</li></ul><p>Drinking water regulations currently establish maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for these compounds at extremely low concentrations.</p><p>Advantages of targeted LC-MS analysis include:</p><ul><li>Clearly defined analytes</li><li>Established regulatory limits</li><li>High analytical sensitivity</li><li>Reliable quantitation</li></ul><p>However, limitations remain:</p><ul><li>Only a small subset of PFAS is measured</li><li>Many PFAS compounds remain undetected</li><li>Total PFAS burden may be underestimated</li></ul><p>As Dr. Terry notes, targeted analysis provides only part of the overall picture.</p><h4><strong>The Fluorine Mass Balance Problem</strong></h4><p>One of the most important concepts discussed in the interview is fluorine mass balance.</p><p>When PFAS degrade, fluorinated fragments may remain in the environment.</p><p>This creates a critical question:</p><p>Are treatment technologies truly destroying PFAS, or merely transforming them into shorter-chain PFAS compounds?</p><p>To answer this, researchers perform fluorine mass balance calculations using:</p><ul><li>Targeted PFAS analysis</li><li>Fluoride measurements</li><li>Total organic fluorine measurements</li></ul><p>A successful destruction process should ultimately convert PFAS into fluoride ions rather than simply producing smaller PFAS molecules.</p><h4><strong>Advanced Analysis, Treatment Technologies, and Future Directions</strong></h4><h5><strong>Combining Targeted and Bulk Fluorine Measurements</strong></h5><p>Dr. Terry's group complements targeted LC-MS analysis with measurements of total organic fluorine.</p><p>Approaches include:</p><ul><li>Absorbable Organic Fluorine (AOF)</li><li>Extractable Organic Fluorine (EOF)</li><li>Combustion Ion Chromatography (CIC)</li></ul><p>In these methods:</p><ul><li>Organic fluorine is captured</li><li>Samples are combusted</li><li>Released fluoride is quantified</li></ul><p>This provides insight into total fluorinated content, although contributions may originate from sources beyond PFAS, including pharmaceuticals and consumer products.</p><h4><strong>Surprising Findings from Combined Analysis</strong></h4><p>One important finding from wastewater studies was that targeted PFAS measurements accounted for only a small fraction of total organic fluorine.</p><p>Dr. Terry reports that:</p><ul><li>Approximately 4% of measured AOF could be explained by targeted PFAS compounds</li><li>The majority of organic fluorine remained unidentified</li></ul><p>This suggests that environmental fluorine chemistry is considerably more complex than currently represented by routine monitoring programs.</p><h4><strong>Preventing PFAS Contamination in the Laboratory</strong></h4><p>PFAS analysis requires exceptionally strict quality control.</p><p>Dr. Terry's laboratory routinely:</p><ul><li>Tests every new batch of SPE cartridges</li><li>Tests carbon tubes before use</li><li>Uses DI water blanks</li><li>Verifies consumables labeled as PFAS-free</li><li>Collects field blanks</li><li>Monitors analytical blanks throughout workflows</li></ul><p>These practices help prevent contamination from laboratory materials and consumables, a common challenge in ultra-trace PFAS analysis.</p><h4><strong>Current PFAS Treatment Technologies</strong></h4><p>Three technologies currently dominate PFAS removal in drinking water treatment:</p><ul><li>Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)</li><li>Ion Exchange Resins</li><li>Reverse Osmosis (RO)</li></ul><p>Selection depends on:</p><ul><li>PFAS concentration</li><li>Water quality</li><li>Local operating conditions</li><li>Utility infrastructure</li></ul><p>Although many emerging technologies are being investigated, these remain the most widely implemented solutions.</p><h4><strong>Membrane Filtration and Pretreatment</strong></h4><p>Dr. Terry collaborates with colleagues studying membrane-based PFAS treatment.</p><p>Her own work focuses on pretreatment through biological filtration.</p><p>The strategy involves:</p><ul><li>Removing natural organic matter</li><li>Reducing membrane fouling</li><li>Improving membrane performance</li><li>Extending operational efficiency</li></ul><p>This integrated approach demonstrates how multiple treatment technologies can work together to improve PFAS removal.</p><h4><strong>Regional Monitoring Projects</strong></h4><p>The University of Alabama team participates in EPA-supported monitoring efforts along the Gulf Coast.</p><p>Their observations indicate:</p><ul><li>PFAS rarely occur alone</li><li>Multiple PFAS compounds frequently co-occur</li><li>Contamination often originates from identifiable point sources</li></ul><p>Examples include:</p><ul><li>Industrial facilities</li><li>Manufacturing operations</li><li>Military installations</li><li>Carpet manufacturing facilities</li></ul><p>Source identification remains a critical component of environmental monitoring programs.</p><h4><strong>Future Directions for PFAS Monitoring</strong></h4><p>Looking ahead, Dr. Terry sees several opportunities for improvement.</p><p>Desired advances include:</p><ul><li>In situ monitoring technologies</li><li>Portable detection systems</li><li>Reduced analytical complexity</li><li>Lower instrument costs</li><li>Less expensive consumables</li><li>Faster analysis workflows</li></ul><p>Current PFAS testing requires substantial expertise, specialized instrumentation, and rigorous quality control, making widespread implementation challenging.</p><h4><strong>Dr. Terry's Perspective on Long-Term Solutions</strong></h4><p>When asked what major PFAS challenge she would most like to solve, Dr. Terry offered a broader perspective.</p><p>Rather than focusing solely on remediation, she emphasized prevention.</p><p>Her view is that society should:</p><ul><li>Better evaluate chemical toxicity before commercialization</li><li>Assess risks before large-scale deployment</li><li>Reduce introduction of harmful compounds into the environment</li><li>Support utilities tasked with contaminant removal</li></ul><p>She notes that water utilities often bear the responsibility of removing contaminants they did not create, highlighting the need for broader societal and regulatory support.</p><h4><strong>Final Thoughts</strong></h4><p>Dr. Terry encourages consumers to:</p><ul><li>Learn where their drinking water originates</li><li>Read annual water quality reports</li><li>Stay informed about local water quality</li><li>Consider appropriate home filtration where needed</li></ul><p>At the same time, she emphasizes confidence in municipal water systems and the importance of continued investment in water quality research, monitoring, and treatment technologies.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>PFAS remain one of the most complex challenges in environmental chemistry and water treatment. Through advanced analytical methods such as LC-MS/MS, combustion ion chromatography, fluorine mass balance approaches, and large-scale monitoring programs, researchers like Dr. Leigh Terry are helping improve our understanding of these persistent contaminants.</p><p>The interview highlights that solving the PFAS challenge will require a combination of better analytical tools, improved treatment technologies, stronger regulatory frameworks, and a greater emphasis on prevention before contaminants enter the environment.</p><blockquote><p><strong>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</strong></p></blockquote><blockquote><h4><strong>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</strong></h4><p>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!</p><p>You can find <strong>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast </strong>in podcast apps:</p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL"><strong>Spotify</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185"><strong>Apple podcast</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography"><strong>podscan</strong></a></li></ul><p>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos"><strong>YouTube channel</strong></a></p></blockquote>

PFAS in Water: Why We’re Missing 96% of the Problem

<p><strong>This study evaluates an immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) containing peptide N-glycosidase from </strong><i><strong>Rudaea cellulosilytica</strong></i><strong> (PNGase Rc) for rapid online deglycosylation of intact glycoproteins. Human glycoproteins and therapeutic antibodies were used as model substrates to assess reactor performance.</strong></p><p>The PNGase Rc IMER efficiently removed complex sialylated and core-fucosylated glycans, simplifying protein characterization and glycosylation-site analysis. The approach offers a fast and effective solution for bioanalytical workflows, biopharmaceutical quality control, and stability testing of therapeutic proteins.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c00577"><strong>Online Deglycosylation of Monomeric Intact Proteins Using the PNGase Rc Immobilized-Enzyme Reactor</strong></a></h4><p>Katarína Molnárová, Petr Novák, Jana Nováková, and Petr Pompach*</p><p>ACS Omega 2026, 11, 17, 25724–25729</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.6c00577">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.6c00577</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><div><p>Protein glycosylation, in which monosaccharide units are attached to a protein backbone through enzymatic pathways, is involved in many important biochemical processes and is considered one of the most important post-translational modifications. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> It affects not only the stability and secretion of proteins, cell–cell interactions, and receptor–ligand recognition mechanisms but also the biological activity, plasma half-life, immunogenicity, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of biotherapeutics. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2−5)</a> Therapeutical monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are among the best known pharmaceuticals that are based on glycoproteins. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(6)</a> Over 90% of the mAbs are derived from immunoglobulin G (IgG), in which <i>N</i>-glycosylation occurs at Asn297 of the Fc region and is responsible for modulating immune responses and interactions with other proteins. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7,8)</a> In cancer treatment, mAbs are used to increase the response of the immune system against the tumor cell, thus inhibiting the cancerous cell growth and helping with the destruction and elimination. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(9)</a> Among the most commonly used mAbs are trastuzumab, bevacizumab, cetuximab, or margetuximab, which are used as an additional treatment for breast, colorectal, prostate, or lung cancer. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(10)</a></p><p>Mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods have become a method of choice in the analysis of mAbs that can provide information on sequence, post-translational modifications, and glycosylation profiles. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(11)</a> The enzymatic removal of the attached glycans from the protein backbone can reduce the complexity of the MS analysis, which can lead to a better understanding of the protein structure and modifications. In glycoproteomics, peptide-<i>N</i>-glycosidase F (PNGase F) is most used for glycan removal. It cleaves the linkage between the Asn residue and the <i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). <a href="javascript:void(0);">(12)</a> Jmeian et al. developed a monolithic PNGase F enzyme reactor fabricated in fused silica using a glycidyl methacrylate-<i>co</i>-ethylene dimethacrylate polymer and integrated it into an LC–MS workflow. The authors demonstrated the applicability of this system for the characterization of released neutral and acidic <i>N</i>-glycans by LC–MS analysis. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> In another study, oriented immobilization of PNGase F onto a methacrylate-based monolithic support via glutathione-<i>S</i>-transferase–glutathione affinity coupling was employed to release <i>N</i>-glycans from denatured ribonuclease B and fetuin, as well as from native IgG. The released glycans and the corresponding deglycosylated proteins were subsequently analyzed by MALDI-MS. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a></p><p>Gramlich et al. showed the potential of PNGase Rc for <i>N</i>-glycan hydrolysis from both tryptic peptides and native glycoproteins at a low pH. The favorable properties of PNGase Rc, including activity at acidic pH and compatibility with reducing agents such as <i>tris</i>(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) and denaturants like urea, make this enzyme well suited for online intact protein deglycosylation workflows. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(15,16)</a></p><p>In this report, we demonstrate the potential of the PNGase Rc IMER for rapid online deglycosylation of reduced monomeric glycoproteins, including human haptoglobin (Hp), human transferrin, <i>anti</i>-hHD6, and the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies trastuzumab and bevacizumab. The column retained its activity over more than 150 consecutive measurements, highlighting its robustness, suitability for repeated use in bioanalytical workflows, and applicability to pharmaceutical research and development.</p><h4><strong>Experimental Section</strong></h4><h5><strong>Instrumentation and Experimental Conditions</strong></h5><p>Automated sample handling and online deglycosylation were carried out using the HDX workstation (AffiPro, Czech Republic). The scheme of the system is shown on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c00577#fig1">Figure 1</a>. Samples of 50 mM ammonium bicarbonate buffer (pH 8.2) and 40 mM TCEP were placed in a sample tray at 4 °C. Ten microliters of the protein sample at a concentration of 0.03 mg/mL (0.3 μg per injection) were added to 40 μL of 50 mM ammonium bicarbonate and then transferred to 50 μL of 40 mM TCEP, pH 2.3. The disulfide bond reduction was carried at 40 °C for 5 min. The automated sample handling system injected 100 μL of the reaction mixture into the sample loop and switched the injection valve. Online deglycosylation was performed at room temperature using a PNGase Rc IMER (2.1 × 20 mm, AffiPro, Czech Republic) at a flow rate of 50 μL/min, followed by protein desalting on an OPTI-TRAP (0.5 × 2 mm) trap column (Optimize Technologies Inc., Oregon City, Oregon, USA) heated to 55 °C for 10 min with 0.2% formic acid delivered by an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1260+Infinity+III+isocratic+pump"><strong>Agilent 1260 Infinity III isocratic pump</strong></a><strong> </strong>(Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California, USA). By switching the trap valve, the protein was eluted by an acetonitrile gradient [(min)/% B] 0/10-9/10-16/70-16.5/90-17/90-18/10-23/10] delivered by the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1290+Infinity+II+LC"><strong>Agilent 1290 Infinity II HPLC</strong></a> system (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California, USA) at a flow rate of 20 μL/min. The mobile phase A consisted of 5% acetonitrile with 1% propan-2-ol and 0.1% formic acid, and the mobile phase B consisted of 95% acetonitrile with 1% propan-2-ol and 0.1% formic acid. The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=8&amp;search=maXis+Q-TOF"><strong>maXis Q-TOF mass spectrometer</strong></a> (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) was operated in the survey MS mode in a mass range of <i>m</i>/z 50–3000. The acquired data were analyzed and processed by <strong>DataAnalysis 4.4</strong> (Bruker Daltonics) and deconvoluted by UniDec <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a> with the following parameters: data processing range, <i>m</i>/z 500–3000; charge range, 1–80; allowed mass range, 1,000–80,000; sampling rate, 10 Da; peak detection range, 500 Da; and peak detection threshold, 0.1.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_17_25724_25729_Figure_1_Schematic_of_the_automated_sample_handling_system_for_online_protein_deglycosylation_and_desalting_d4ee48b627.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 17, 25724–25729: Figure 1. Schematic of the automated sample handling system for online protein deglycosylation and desalting. Protein samples, along with 50 mM ammonium bicarbonate and 40 mM TCEP stock solutions were placed in a sample tray chilled to 4 °C, while a second tray heated to 40 °C was used for disulfide bond reduction with TCEP buffer." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_17_25724_25729_Figure_1_Schematic_of_the_automated_sample_handling_system_for_online_protein_deglycosylation_and_desalting_d4ee48b627.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1287" height="386"></p><h4><strong>Results and Discussion</strong></h4><p>The performance of the PNGase Rc IMER for the removal of complex <i>N</i>-glycans from intact proteins was tested using heavily glycosylated human Hp with four glycosylation sites (Asn184, Asn207, Asn211, and Asn241) <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a> located at the β-chain and occupied by complex <i>N</i>-glycans terminated with sialic acid. Haptoglobin phenotype 2-1, used in this study, forms multimers consisting of β-chain and disulfide linked α1 and α2 chains. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(19)</a> The detection of glycosylated Hp β-chain requires reduction of the disulfide bonds by incubating the protein with a reducing reagent. TCEP is a common reducing reagent used for fast reduction of disulfide bonds at various pH levels. Forty degrees Celsius, the maximum temperature of the PAL tray, and 5 min of incubation were sufficient for complete reduction of Hp disulfide bonds. Individual signals corresponding to the glycosylated β-chain were observed in the <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> range of 35,800–37,400 (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c00577#fig2">Figure 2</a>a). The limited resolution of the mass spectrometer did not allow assigning the different glycoforms of the haptoglobin β-chain, which is occupied by biantennary, triantennary, or tetraantennary glycans with various amounts of sialic acid and fucose. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(20,21)</a> The nonglycosylated α1 and α2 chains were observed at <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 9190 and 15,940. When the PNGase Rc IMER was integrated into the flow system, a signal at <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 27,270 was detected, demonstrating complete deglycosylation of the haptoglobin β-chain (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c00577#fig2">Figure 2</a>b).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_17_25724_25729_Figure_2_A_Mass_spectrum_of_human_Hp_without_the_PN_Gase_Rc_IMER_implemented_in_the_system_0ecca84ed4.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 17, 25724–25729: Figure 2. (A) Mass spectrum of human Hp without the PNGase Rc IMER implemented in the system. The base peak signals of the spectrum correspond to both α1 and α2 chains. The signal of the β chain is spread across its different glycoforms. (B) Mass spectrum of human Hp with the PNGase Rc IMER implemented in the system. The signal of the deglycosylated β chain is higher compared to its glycosylated form and observed only at m/z 27,270. This indicates complete removal of glycans from the Hp β chain." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_17_25724_25729_Figure_2_A_Mass_spectrum_of_human_Hp_without_the_PN_Gase_Rc_IMER_implemented_in_the_system_0ecca84ed4.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2015" height="913"></p><p>In a previous study by Krenkova et al., the PNGase F IMER was used for deglycosylation of IgG, RNase B, and bovine fetuin with follow-up mass spectrometry detection of both released glycans and intact proteins using MALDI-TOF MS. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a> The authors demonstrated an effective method for rapid protein deglycosylation, which, however, requires additional sample handling prior to mass spectrometry measurement. The other study by Jmeian et al., which focused on released <i>N</i>-glycans, implemented a PNGase F IMER with online LC–MS detection. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> The authors show the effectiveness of the method by identifying many different glycans released from a single protein or from a complex plasma mixture. Our approach is not directly intended for released <i>N</i>-glycan analysis; instead, it demonstrates the ability to measure intact proteins after rapid online deglycosylation using PNGase Rc at low pH. Samples prepared immediately prior to mass spectrometry analysis using the automated sample-handling platform can reduce variability associated with autosampler residence time, as some proteins may undergo degradation or precipitation during storage in the autosampler.</p><p>Although all glycoproteins in this study were effectively deglycosylated, the method’s efficiency depends on the characteristics of the individual glycoprotein. Therefore, optimizing method parameters─including the isocratic flow rate, glycoprotein incubation time with TCEP, and/or the addition of denaturing reagent─may improve the overall efficiency of the deglycosylation process.</p><p>The PNGase Rc IMER stability over a series of injections was tested by using the trastuzumab antibody. The measurements were carried out with the enzyme column kept at the laboratory temperature. As shown in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c00577#fig5">Figure 5</a>, the results indicate that the column performance remained stable over the course of the 150 measurements, and no glycosylated form of the trastuzumab antibody heavy chain was detected. The activity of PNGase Rc in the presence of 5% acetonitrile and 5% propan-2-ol was evaluated using a bottom-up approach with human 2–1 haptoglobin, which was online-digested by a coimmobilized nepenthesin-2/pepsin IMER. In the absence of an organic solvent, the peptide IEKVVLHPNYSQVD remained fully deglycosylated throughout 30 injections. In contrast, in the presence of organic solvent, a marked loss of enzymatic activity was observed after only a few injections (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.6c00577/suppl_file/ao6c00577_si_001.pdf">Figure 2</a>).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_17_25724_25729_Figure_5_Monitoring_the_stability_and_performance_of_PN_Gase_Rc_IMER_4a9b5a9c53.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 17, 25724–25729: Figure 5. Monitoring the stability and performance of PNGase Rc IMER. Trastuzumab heavy chain was completely deglycosylated after 150 injections." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_17_25724_25729_Figure_5_Monitoring_the_stability_and_performance_of_PN_Gase_Rc_IMER_4a9b5a9c53.jpg 170w," sizes="100vw" width="996" height="918"></p><h4><strong>Conclusions</strong></h4><p>Here, we demonstrate the potential of the PNGase Rc IMER for the online removal of <i>N</i>-glycans from intact monomeric glycoproteins reduced with TCEP. The column showed high sensitivity toward Hp, which has multiple glycosylation sites with various glycan structures, confirming its suitability for the profiling of complex glycoproteins. Bevacizumab and trastuzumab exhibited similar glycosylation profiles, with core-fucosylated biantennary glycans being the most abundant. Online deglycosylation with the PNGase Rc column resulted in a complete removal of the glycans from the heavy chains of both antibodies, proving that the column can be used for the rapid online deglycosylation of intact therapeutic mAbs. Moreover, the column remained stable over 150 measurements without any loss of activity, even when it was maintained at laboratory temperature. The significantly reduced reaction time, together with full automation and the absence of manual handling steps, substantially improves analytical throughput compared to conventional off-line deglycosylation workflows. These findings highlight the potential of the PNGase Rc IMER in the development of glycoprotein-based biopharmaceuticals, where detailed structural characterization of the protein part is critical for quality control, monitoring batch-to-batch variability, and stability testing.</p></div>

Online Deglycosylation of Monomeric Intact Proteins Using the PNGase Rc Immobilized-Enzyme Reactor

<p><strong>In the week of June 29, the following webinars await you in the field of liquid phase and especially HPLC and LC/MS.</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Insights from an IC specialist: To be suppressed or not suppressed?</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 30.6.2026 09:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6310">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join Thermo Fisher’s Ask the Experts session to learn how suppressor technology impacts ion chromatography performance, sensitivity, reliability, maintenance, and troubleshooting.</p><h5><strong>2. SCIEX: Advancing Proteomics with ZenoTOF: From Single-Cell Analysis to Plasma Biomarker Discovery</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 30.6.2026 11:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6311">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how ZenoTOF high-resolution mass spectrometry is accelerating single-cell proteomics and plasma biomarker discovery through enhanced sensitivity, throughput, and automation.</p><h5><strong>3. Agilent Technologies: Measuring Diverse Samples with UV/VIS Spectrometers and Integrating Spheres</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 30.6.2026 20:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6052">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This webinar will discuss diffuse transmission and reflection UV/VIS measurements, including how to perform measurements with Agilent’s Cary 60 UV/VIS Spectrometer.</p><h5><strong>4. Waters Corporation: Informatics series #33 Tips, Tricks and Best Practices</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 2.7.2026 11:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6315">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This interactive session revisits essential features, shortcuts, and practical techniques in Empower software that can streamline everyday laboratory work and reduce unnecessary effort.</p><h5><strong>5. Waters Corporation: Unlocking Therapeutic Peptide Characterisation (GLP-1RAs) with Cyclic IMS</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 2.7.2026 15:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6313">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how cyclic ion mobility spectrometry (cyclic IMS) improves characterization of GLP-1 analogues and therapeutic peptides, supporting development, quality control, and regulatory submissions.</p><h5><strong>6. Agilent Technologies: Spectral Flow Cytometry Masterclass - Session 1</strong></h5><ul><li>Fr, 3.7.2026 07:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6316">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how full-spectrum flow cytometry enables high-dimensional cell analysis. Explore spectral flow technology, experimental design, and applications in immunology, oncology, and vaccine research.</p>

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Waters ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector

The ACQUITY™ QDa™ II Mass Detector enhances efficiency and productivity in separations workflows with advanced technology.

<h3><strong>Advancing the Power of Mass Detection</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Identify Everything in Your Sample with Complete Confidence&nbsp;</strong></li></ul><h5><strong>Information-rich mass spectral data starts here&nbsp;</strong></h5><p><strong>Built on a solid foundation of groundbreaking technology, the ACQUITY™ QDa™ II Mass Detector provides even more efficiency and productivity of separations workflows, providing information-rich mass spectral data, ensuring compliance, and regulatory certainty.</strong></p><h4><strong>SEE MORE COMPOUNDS</strong></h4><p>Greater compound coverage from an extended mass range to support small molecules, large molecules and new modalities. A complementary technique to analog detection for chemicals with no chromophores, ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector enables you to confirm the identity and purity of more compounds with the power of mass detection.</p><h4><strong>ANALYZE MORE SAMPLES</strong></h4><p>Robust, reliable and requiring no sample-specific adjustment. Simply power on to make informed decisions with the full picture of what’s in your sample. Minimal maintenance along with system performance monitoring ensures maximum uptime.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>HAVE MORE CONFIDENCE IN THE ROBUSTNESS OF YOUR SEPARATIONS</strong></h4><p>The addition of mass detection to your method development workflow enables fast peak tracking and greater confidence in peak purity, for more robust separations. Combined with industry-leading AQbD method development software, your lab can achieve unprecedented MS peak tracking functionality with the ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector.</p><h4><strong>STRIVE FOR MORE SUSTAINABILITY</strong></h4><p>Achieve up to a 70% reduction in energy consumption and heat output compared to other vendor’s MS systems. The ACT Environmental Impact Factor Label<strong>*</strong> -- available and published by My Green Lab – provides clear, third-party verified information about the environmental impact of laboratory products, enabling you to make the most sustainable decisions for your organization.</p><p><strong>* </strong>ACT - About (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mygreenlab.org/">mygreenlab.org</a>)</p><h3><strong>Continuing to Separate Beyond Question</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Ensure your laboratory is prepared for the future</strong></li></ul><h4><strong>MORE PERFORMANCE</strong></h4><p>Plug and play performance with its intuitive design, complementary to optical detection with the robustness to handle all of your analyses. Working in harmony with your chromatography, it’s pre-optimized to work with your samples, without the sample-specific or user adjustments typical of traditional mass spectrometers.</p><h4><strong>MORE EFFICIENCY</strong></h4><p>The intuitive design of the ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector provides additional data without cost or complexity. The most information you can get out of your separation for complete characterization. In synergy with optical detection, you can significantly reduce the chance that a sample component will go undetected helping to mitigate risk and ensuring a sound return on your investment.</p><h4><strong>MORE SUSTAINABILITY</strong></h4><p>Purposeful innovation, a stackable mass detector that seamlessly integrates into existing workflows resulting in less bench space and more energy efficient. Minimal cleaning and routine maintenance ensuring maximum uptime. Compatible with green solvents ensuring reduced environmental impact.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_Q_Da_II_Mass_Detector_3_f98f84c080.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_Q_Da_II_Mass_Detector_3_f98f84c080.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p><ul><li>Simply power on, and you’re ready to go</li><li>Zero user set-up optimization, calibration, or adjustment</li><li>Run your analyses − it just works</li><li>When you’re done, just power-off</li></ul><h3><strong>The Perfect Partner</strong></h3><h4><strong>Designed for compatibility with your chromatography&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Meet all your chromatography requirements with Waters chromatography systems, including our dependability and flexibility ranges of HPLC systems, performance range of UPLC systems, and our purification and specialty systems.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_Q_Da_II_Mass_Detector_The_Perfect_Partner_Designed_for_compatibility_with_your_chromatography_1042adecb0.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector: The Perfect Partner. Designed for compatibility with your chromatography." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_Q_Da_II_Mass_Detector_The_Perfect_Partner_Designed_for_compatibility_with_your_chromatography_1042adecb0.jpg 189w," sizes="100vw" width="1299" height="1074"></p><h3><strong>Effortless Integration</strong></h3><h4><strong>Achieve more with flexible software solutions</strong></h4><p>Process, Interpret, visualize, and compare the most complex data, and turn it into meaningful information quickly and simply. With integrated optical and mass detector data processing workflows, you can also analyze mass spectral data in the same way as you do photo diode array (PDA) data.</p><p>The ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector is fully compatible with Masslynx™ Software and its suite of data processing application managers. Empower™ Software, our industry-leading chromatography data software platform is also fully compatible providing the ultimate flexibility.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_Q_Da_II_Mass_Detector_Effortless_Integration_Achieve_more_with_flexible_software_solutions_4fd6e9f0d8.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector: Effortless Integration. Achieve more with flexible software solutions." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_Q_Da_II_Mass_Detector_Effortless_Integration_Achieve_more_with_flexible_software_solutions_4fd6e9f0d8.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1397" height="422"></p><h4><strong>EMPOWER CHROMATOGRAPHY DATA SYSTEM (CDS)</strong></h4><p>Simplifying the way you collect, manage, and report chromatography test results is critical to your lab efficiency. With a suite of flexible functionalities that grows to meet your changing quality, business, and laboratory needs, Empower CDS has been purposefully designed to help you address your most demanding chromatographic, regulatory, and networking challenges.</p><h4><strong>EMPOWER LAB MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LMS)</strong></h4><p>Automating your lab workflow, from sample creation to data archival, is critical for maintaining data integrity and enhancing productivity. Manage your data all from a single, simple dashboard for an integrated approach to your product lifecycle management so you can reduce transcription errors, increase efficiency, and maximize data durability.</p><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1544"><strong>waters_connect™</strong></a><strong> SYSTEM MONITORING</strong></h4><p>Monitor all Empower Software-controlled chromatography systems remotely, at any time, from anywhere. Dynamically plan laboratory activities, monitor the status of your laboratory and maximize productivity. Troubleshoot and respond to errors faster, increasing system uptime.</p><h3><strong>Identify More in Released Glycan Analysis</strong></h3><h4><strong>Unlock the full potential of your QC glycan testing</strong></h4><p>While non-MS methods offer routine QC capabilities, they fall short in delivering the detailed characterization, crucial for biopharmaceutical development. The ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector with extended mass range revolutionizes routine analysis, offering accurate QC monitoring of N-glycan species with speed and precision. Coupled with Waters chromatography systems, enjoy enhanced MS response with uniform charge state for accurate quantitation, enabling scrutiny of released N-glycan profiles in under 40 minutes per sample. Complement fluorescence (FLR) detection and embrace reproducible, quantitative separation for rapid decision-making.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_Q_Da_II_Mass_Detector_Selected_Ion_Recording_SIR_chromatogram_of_doubly_charged_components_of_a_glycan_sample_Highlighted_additional_components_identified_s_a_result_of_the_extended_mass_range_ac0160e74d.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector: Selected Ion Recording (SIR) chromatogram of doubly charged components of a glycan sample. Highlighted additional components identified s a result of the extended mass range." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_Q_Da_II_Mass_Detector_Selected_Ion_Recording_SIR_chromatogram_of_doubly_charged_components_of_a_glycan_sample_Highlighted_additional_components_identified_s_a_result_of_the_extended_mass_range_ac0160e74d.jpg 238w," sizes="100vw" width="1347" height="883"></p><h3><strong>Unparalleled Robustness for More Qualitative and Quantitative Performance</strong></h3><h4><strong>Reduce the risk of genotoxic impurities formation in drug manufacturing</strong></h4><p data-start="0" data-end="296">Support risk assessment through routine monitoring of excipients and raw materials in drug manufacturing. Accessible, regulatory compliant-ready LC-MS solutions provide an efficient and cost-effective approach in mitigating the risk of impurity formation during the manufacture of drug product.</p><p data-start="298" data-end="768">Nitrite, a critical risk factor in N-Nitrosamine formation, presents as an impurity in pharmaceutical excipients, often in parts per million (ppm). The ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector is a robust and reliable solution for routine analysis of nitrite in excipients. With automated resolution, tuning, and calibration during start-up, the ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector eliminates the need for analyst intervention, ensuring seamless operation and precise results every time.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_Q_Da_II_Mass_Detector_Over_29_days_of_rigorous_testing_it_flawlessly_executed_approximately_6000_injections_with_minimal_downtime_02a496f422.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector: Over 29 days of rigorous testing, it flawlessly executed approximately 6000 injections with minimal downtime." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_Q_Da_II_Mass_Detector_Over_29_days_of_rigorous_testing_it_flawlessly_executed_approximately_6000_injections_with_minimal_downtime_02a496f422.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1185" height="529"></p><p data-start="770" data-end="1012" data-is-last-node="" data-is-only-node="">Empower CDS reporting functionality offers simple reviewing of excipient nitrite concentration within a sample batch. This allows for fast and comprehensive decision making, while ensuring compliance and data integrity within your laboratory.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_Q_Da_II_Mass_Detector_Example_of_Empower_CDS_generated_data_report_for_nitrite_content_in_a_maize_starch_sample_2f106193ee.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector: Example of Empower CDS generated data report for nitrite content in a maize starch sample." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_Q_Da_II_Mass_Detector_Example_of_Empower_CDS_generated_data_report_for_nitrite_content_in_a_maize_starch_sample_2f106193ee.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="937" height="585"></p><h3><strong data-start="0" data-end="62">Improving Efficiency with a More Sustainable Mass Detector</strong></h3><h4><strong>Low operational costs and environmental footprint</strong></h4><p data-start="123" data-end="346"><strong>As a leading technology innovator in chromatography, mass spectrometry, and thermal analysis instruments and software, Waters shares a common mission with our customers: to leave the world a better place than we found it.</strong></p><p data-start="348" data-end="674" data-is-last-node="" data-is-only-node="">Many of our customers are actively working to address environmental sustainability in balance with the need to continually reduce operational costs. Waters has addressed these challenges by providing an instrument with low electricity consumption and BTU/hr output – lessening the need for air conditioning and lowering costs.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_Q_Da_II_Mass_Detector_Improving_Efficiency_with_a_More_Sustainable_Mass_Detector_Low_operational_costs_and_environmental_footprint_a9e182ea1f.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector: Improving Efficiency with a More Sustainable Mass Detector. Low operational costs and environmental footprint." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_Q_Da_II_Mass_Detector_Improving_Efficiency_with_a_More_Sustainable_Mass_Detector_Low_operational_costs_and_environmental_footprint_a9e182ea1f.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1124" height="389"></p><p><strong>*</strong>From competitor A Specification Sheet.</p><p><strong>**</strong>From competitor B Site Preparation Checklist</p><h3><strong>Unrivaled Support</strong></h3><h3><strong>Ensure your success with world-renowned services</strong></h3><p data-start="77" data-end="464" data-is-last-node="" data-is-only-node="">Waters Service and Support helps maintain peak system performance, minimize downtime, address scientific challenges, and meet compliance requirements.&nbsp;</p><p>Waters award-winning consistent quality support, professional services, and education ensure your success wherever your laboratory is located in the world. With Waters service and support offerings<strong>*</strong> for your ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector, you can</p><h4><strong data-start="0" data-end="30">GET UP AND RUNNING QUICKLY</strong></h4><p data-start="0" data-end="235">Get the onsite training and consultation you need to integrate the ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector into your laboratory and assist with data migration and method transfer needs with Waters Professional Services.</p><h4><strong data-start="237" data-end="276">MEET YOUR LAB’S UNIQUE REQUIREMENTS</strong></h4><p data-start="237" data-end="460">Protect your instrument investment with the comprehensive portfolio of service plans from Waters FlexCHOICE™, which provides access to the most in-depth and up-to-date knowledge of the advanced science and technologies within Waters systems.</p><h4><strong data-start="462" data-end="487">FACILITATE COMPLIANCE</strong></h4><p data-start="462" data-end="635">Simplify the process of qualification, and record-keeping so that your business can focus on delivering products to market with Waters Compliance Services – so you can meet the regulations in your industry and in the countries where you conduct business.</p><h4><strong data-start="637" data-end="671">REDUCE TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP</strong></h4><p data-start="637" data-end="864">FlexCAPITAL™ <strong>**</strong> is designed to support continuous laboratory operation while satisfying the budgeting challenges of a constantly shifting landscape. Minimize total cost of ownership while optimizing instrument performance and protecting your organization from security risks associated with outdated software platforms.</p><h4><strong data-start="866" data-end="903">LEVERAGE YOUR EXISTING TECHNOLOGY</strong></h4><p data-start="866" data-end="1104" data-is-last-node="" data-is-only-node="">With the FlexUP™ Technology renewal program, you can upgrade your older single quadrupole mass spectrometry system to the ACQUITY QDa II Mass Detector -- improving performance, results, and productivity while controlling costs and mitigating compliance risk.</p><p><strong>*</strong> Availability of offerings varies by country. Contact Waters or your local Waters representative for details<br><strong>**</strong> FlexCAPITAL payment plan options and availability may vary by country. Other restrictions may apply.</p>

Waters RADIAN ASAP Direct Mass Detector

Combining flexibility, ease of operation, and speed without the need for complex sample preparation, separation or extensive MS experience, the RADIAN ASAP helps you and your laboratory achieve more.

<div><div id="title-a9e634f6cb" data-locator="title-with-text"><h3><strong>The power of knowing now</strong></h3></div></div><div><div id="text-c687cac6aa" data-locator="text"><p><strong>Whether you are looking to improve your drug discovery cycle, expand your client services, or simply become more competitive in your turnaround times, integrating direct mass spectrometry (MS) analysis can drive multiple system-wide efficiencies helping to achieve your operational goals.</strong></p><p>Combining flexibility, ease of operation, and speed without the need for complex sample preparation, separation or extensive MS experience, the RADIAN ASAP helps you and your laboratory achieve more.</p><ul><li>Simple operation and data interpretation</li><li>Minimal sample preparation</li><li>No separation required</li><li>Real-time results and classification</li></ul><figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:454/321;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_RADIAN_ASAP_7cfe24b23d/Waters-RADIAN-ASAP_s.webp" alt="Waters RADIAN ASAP Direct Mass Detector" width="454" height="321"></figure><h3><strong>Overview</strong></h3><div data-locator="section-container-body"><div><div><div data-locator="layoutcontainer-"><div><div id="text-6b896f6da4" data-locator="text"><ul><li>Ensure users get up and running quickly with RADIAN ASAP’s easy to learn and fully automated set up, streamlined workflow, and minimal training requirements</li><li>Minimize sample prep with direct sampling onto glass probe</li><li>Minimize the need for solvent use and disposal with no chromatography</li><li>Save time with 30 second analysis and real-time sample classification</li></ul></div></div><div><div id="text-161a2a5c01" data-locator="text"><h4><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h4><p>For rapid, easy, and low-cost analysis of liquids and solids.</p><div><div id="text-4973311325" data-locator="text"><h3 data-locator="modal-title"><strong>Compact without compromise</strong></h3><p>The RADIAN ASAP is a novel, dedicated direct analysis system specifically designed for rapid, easy and low-cost analysis of liquids and solids. Engineered using proven and robust single quadrupole mass spectrometry technology combined with the Atmospheric Pressure Solids Analysis Probe (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/nextgen/us/en/services/instrument-services/instrument-upgrades/mass-spectrometry-ms-upgrades/atmospheric-solids-analysis-probe.html" data-di-id="di-id-70d78c77-7e033f9d">ASAP</a>), the RADIAN ASAP delivers quality and ease of use in a compact footprint.&nbsp;</p><p>This single quadrupole mass detector provides high quality mass spectral data, without the need for any special training or expertise, eliminating any need to contract out and wait for results from specialist analytical service laboratories.</p></div></div><div><div id="text-08366f2c0d" data-locator="text"><h3 data-locator="modal-title"><strong>Flexible workflow solutions in 4 simple steps</strong></h3><p>Operation of the RADIAN ASAP is simple and intuitive, allowing users to generate results with minimal or no sample preparation, making it an ideal tool for laboratories to make informed decisions. Capable of ionizing molecules directly from a liquid or solid makes the system available to a wide range of applications and workflows.</p><h4><strong>Generate results in 4 simple steps:</strong></h4><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_RADIAN_ASAP_analyza_ve_4_jednoduchych_krocich_a997bfddda/Waters-RADIAN-ASAP-analyza-ve-4-jednoduchych-krocich.jpg" alt="Waters RADIAN ASAP Direct Mass Detector: Flexible workflow solutions in 4 simple steps" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_RADIAN_ASAP_analyza_ve_4_jednoduchych_krocich_a997bfddda/thumbnail_Waters-RADIAN-ASAP-analyza-ve-4-jednoduchych-krocich.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1683" height="490"></p><h3><strong>Ideal for numerous application requirements</strong></h3><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/waters/nav.htm?cid=135078611" data-di-id="di-id-7f758d90-ccee23de"><strong>Rapid triage of seized drug materials for Forensics</strong></a><i>&nbsp;<strong>—</strong>&nbsp;</i>RADIAN ASAP and LiveID ensure crime labs can quickly screen samples against a library of known compounds for rapid, confident identification of illicit drugs. The sensitivity and selectivity of mass spectrometry provides confidence in detecting drugs with an easy, efficient triage workflow.</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/waters/nav.htm?cid=134528742" data-di-id="di-id-3a3c46e4-ccee23de"><strong>Assess food integrity for Food &amp; Environmental</strong></a>&nbsp;<strong>—</strong> The threat posed by food fraud has created additional demands on both the food industry and regulators to protect food consumers and maintain brand reputation. RADIAN ASAP and LiveID offer a powerful combination of mass spectrometry and chemometric modeling, allowing users to easily and efficiently screen samples and make quicker decisions.</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.tainstruments.com/radian-asap-direct-mass-detector/" data-di-id="di-id-2fac456-44144a9d"><strong>Fast chemical analysis for improved formulation testing in Chemical and Materials</strong></a><i>&nbsp;<strong>—</strong>&nbsp;</i>RADIAN ASAP and IonLynx supports quality control (QC) and development labs in the chemical industry to reduce costs and increase efficiencies. Streamline workflows like fast chemical analysis for improved formulation testing or&nbsp;material release testing. Features including thermal gradient analysis are ideal for the complex samples in the chemical industry.</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/waters/nav.htm?cid=134751395" data-di-id="di-id-76921eaa-ccee23de"><strong>Discovery reaction monitoring&nbsp;for Pharma</strong></a>&nbsp;<strong>—</strong> The demand to accelerate the drug discovery and development process has never been higher.&nbsp;RADIAN ASAP provides synthetic chemists easy access to mass spectral data for near-instantaneous assessment of reaction progress and identification of purification fractions, increasing lab efficiency.</p><div><div><div><div id="text-8b0fa56c8c" data-locator="text"><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/waters/nav.htm?cid=134971387" data-di-id="di-id-10e51f17-ccee23de"><strong>Undergraduate teaching&nbsp;and method development&nbsp;in Academia</strong></a><strong> —&nbsp;</strong>Simplicity and ease of use makes RADIAN ASAP the ideal tool for busy academic laboratories that need a robust and reliable solution.</p><figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:474/308;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_RADIAN_ASAP_2_87ddc46f15/Waters-RADIAN-ASAP-2_s.webp" alt="Waters RADIAN ASAP Direct Mass Detector" width="474" height="308"></figure><div><div id="text-a5e5e26910" data-locator="text"><h3 data-locator="modal-title"><strong>Software solutions for your data requirements</strong></h3><p><strong>RADIAN ASAP</strong> is compatible with software solutions for rapid interpretation and classification as well as automated data processing and reporting.</p><p>For customers investigating the authenticity, adulteration, and quality of food or raw materials, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=5&amp;search=liveid"><strong>LiveID</strong></a> uses statistical models to classify samples. First, authentic or verified samples are used to create and validate a statistical model. The validated model can then be used with test samples and generate live classifications with a simple yes/no answer output. LiveID can also do real time <strong>library</strong> matching workflows, where the software matches all compounds in the library against each sample analyzed, giving a score out of <strong>1000</strong>, where values close to 1000 indicate the compound of interest is likely in the sample and lower scores indicate unlikely presence in the sample.</p><p><strong>OpenLynx</strong> processing provides user customizable processing capabilities to generate automated mass confirmation reports in either pdf, printed or browser format.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>IonLynx</strong> allows users to determine levels and relative ratios of analytes of interest in complex samples to aid decision making in QC and formulation monitoring. IonLynx provides automated processing and reporting of non-chromatographic data sets, such as those generated by RADIAN ASAP.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

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