<div>A new study reveals that over the past decade, urinary levels of Bisphenol A (BPA) in the Czech population have dropped significantly, while its substitute Bisphenol S (BPS) has increased. Despite this shift, BPA remains the dominant bisphenol, with concentrations exceeding safe limits — confirming that everyday exposure still poses health risks. The study was led by our research group at RECETOX, in collaboration with partners from the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH Prague).&nbsp;&nbsp;<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/RECETOX_MUNI_BPA_free_is_not_risk_free_Czech_study_shows_BPA_declines_but_BPS_is_partly_replacing_it_cb7567a37a.jpg" alt="RECETOX MUNI: “BPA-free” is not risk-free: Czech study shows BPA declines, but BPS is partly replacing it: Temporal patterns of bisphenol exposure in the Czech population within the framework of regulatory measures." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_RECETOX_MUNI_BPA_free_is_not_risk_free_Czech_study_shows_BPA_declines_but_BPS_is_partly_replacing_it_cb7567a37a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="572" height="339">“We found that over roughly a decade (2011–2012 vs. 2019–2020), urinary levels of Bisphenol A (BPA) in the Czech population dropped substantially — by 28.6 % in adults and 47.5 % in children — while levels of its substitute Bisphenol S (BPS) increased (121.1 % in adults, 90.0 % in children). We suggest this simultaneous decline in BPA and rise in BPS likely reflect manufacturers’ shift to BPA-free alternatives in response to regulation,” explains the main author of the study Daria Sapunova.&nbsp;Despite legislative measures, BPA still remains the dominant bisphenol in the Czech population, occurring at the highest concentrations and at the levels significantly higher than its substitutes BPS and Bisphenol F (BPF). Moreover, BPA levels in all age groups remain higher than what health experts consider safe, suggesting that everyday sources of exposure are still present around us and continue to pose risks.&nbsp;&nbsp;“Our results highlight the need for policymakers to regulate bisphenols as a group and prevent harmful substitutions like the shift from BPA to BPS and BPF, supported by continuous human biomonitoring. BPA is a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical widely used in plastics and food packaging, with potential risks to human health. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can interfere with our hormonal system and disturb its proper functioning,” adds Daria Sapunova.&nbsp;Studies link BPA exposure to altered puberty timing, reduced fertility changes in sperm quality. Additionally, BPA is associated with a higher risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes, likely due to its effects on metabolic regulation. Children and pregnant women are considered particularly vulnerable, and exposure during embryonic development can lead to irreversible changes later in life. Some studies also show associations between BPA exposure and changes in brain development, behavior, attention, and stress responses in children.&nbsp;&nbsp;“Despite bans and restrictions of BPA, our findings show that people — particularly children — remain exposed. The rise in BPS levels is worrisome because BPS was originally introduced as a safer alternative, but toxicological studies suggests it can poses similar health risks. Although the Czech population is still exposed to these harmful chemicals, legislative measures targeting BPA are effective and we should continue in this direction. In the case of children, we managed to reduce BPA concentrations by about half in a decade,” says Daria Sapunova.&nbsp; The researchers analyzed first-morning urine samples from over 1,000 individuals sampled in two separate Czech cohorts: DEMOCOPHES-CZ mother–child pairs (2011–2012), and CELSPAC (2019–2020) covering school children, teenagers and young adults. Using accredited laboratory methods, they quantified total urinary concentrations of BPA, BPS, and BPF. They then examined how bisphenol levels differed over time and whether they were influenced by factors such as age, gender, smoking habits, or the season during which samples were collected. To evaluate potential health risks, the researchers compared all measured BPA concentrations with established health-based guidance values to determine whether different age groups exceeded safe exposure levels. &nbsp; Authors thank all collaborating field workers, laboratory and administrative personnel, and especially the cohort participants who invested their time and provided samples and information for this study. The team thanks also the Research Infrastructure RECETOX RI (No. LM2023069) for a supportive background. The study was supported from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research No. 857560 (CETOCOEN Excellence) and from the Horizon Europe programme under grant agreement No. 101057014 (PARC). Also supported by the European Commission through the LIFE+ programme under grant agreement LIFE09 ENV/BE/000410. There are no particular limitations on communication arising from the funding.&nbsp;<blockquote>Learn more: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01244-0">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01244-0&nbsp;</a></blockquote></div>

“BPA-free” is not risk-free: Czech study shows BPA declines, but BPS is partly replacing it

When performing analyte extraction with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=136&amp;manufacturerItems=50">SPE</a> we expect 100% recovery. If recovery is lower, this would suggest there is an issue with retrieval of the analyte from the sorbent. But what are some of the reasons you may see a recovery greater than what you were expecting (or over 100%)?<h3>Common problems</h3><ul><li>Co-eluting interferences</li><li>Contaminants from the solvent or sorbents selected</li><li>Internal standard is compromised making your reference point inaccurate</li><li>Recovery calculations are inaccurate</li></ul>Let's examine each of these common problems.<h4>Co-eluting interferences</h4>These are typically present in the matrix and the goal of the SPE step is to remove them. If you are experiencing recoveries greater than 100%, the first step would be to check the eluent using an orthogonal analytical technique to identify that the increased recovery is a result of a co-elution.&nbsp;Where a co-elution is identified, there are a few possible solutions.<ol><li>Modify the wash steps of the SPE method to selectively remove the impurity during washing</li><li>Select an alternative SPE sorbent which will better remove these impurities. This is easier if the analyte / impurity can be selectively ionized, as an ion-exchange sorbent will very often afford cleaner extracts than either reversed or normal phase solutions</li><li>Adjust your analytical method to resolve the 2 peaks analytically, negating the necessity to remove this impurity during the SPE step.</li><li>Run a blank plasma sample; this will allow you to ascertain the impurities present and use this blank in the calculations to subtract from your recovery</li></ol><h4>Contaminants from the solvent or sorbent</h4>These will typically be impurities present in the starting materials which are similar in nature to your compound of interest, and as a result co-elute with it during SPE and subsequent analytical analysis. You can follow the steps above to remove co-eluting impurities, or alternatively as this is not an impurity present in your matrix, you can identify the level present in the sorbent using blank runs and subtract this from your main peak during the calculation. Prior to addition of your sample if you equilibrate your sorbent with the elution solvent this should flush out potential contaminants from the sorbent. For impurities introduced from the solvent, typically switching the solvent should resolve this.<h4>Internal standard is compromised</h4>If your internal standard is not showing 100% recovery, your subsequent calculations will be inaccurate. It is always good practice to use an internal standard similar in nature to your compound of interest as this will give the more consistent reference point for your method.&nbsp;If there is concern your internal standard is not showing good recovery from the SPE material using your method, you can use an external standard which is added to the elution solvent to calculate absolute recovery.<h4>Recovery calculations are inaccurate</h4>It is important to follow this step wise to ascertain where the errors are appearing.<ol><li>Calculation Errors - Check all calculations and account for all dilution factors</li><li>Integration Errors - Reintegrate all peaks and use manual calculations to confirm</li><li>Analytical method errors – Ensure the analytical method used allows correct integration and calculation. Ensure no strong solvents are used for injection and run a calibration across a number of dilutions to ensure linearity. Troubleshoot your analytical method to determine any factors which may lead to poor reproducibility</li><li>Ensure detections selected are appropriate and working correctly.</li></ol>We hope this tip was useful! Check out our resources on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/techniques/solid-phase-extraction">solid phase extraction</a>. See you next month for another tip!

Why are my recoveries greater than 100%?

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 19th January 2026? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies, Shimadzu, Waters Corporation and poster by Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Automated Bioprocess Monitoring with Agilent 1290 Infinity III Bio Online LC Solutions</h3>Process analytics of L-alanine production using genetically modified Vibrio natriegens<ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_automated_bioprocess_monitoring_1290_infinity_bioonline_solutions_5994_8865en_agilent_9f33de6ddf.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Bioprocess engineering is a challenging field because of the constantly changing nature of bioprocess models which make them difficult to validate.1 Consequently, process control needs to be developed at various levels using strategies tailored to these specific requirements.1 The performance and effectiveness of the bioreactor are determined by key performance indicators such as product yield, titer, production rate, and quality of the product.1 These factors can be quickly influenced by changes in process variables and the raw materials used.1,2 The ability to react quickly to problems is therefore crucial for preserving ongoing production, a factor that can be particularly significant in bioprocesses due to the substantial cost and time investmented.1,2 Such challenges can be tackled by constantly monitoring the bioprocess, which requires the ability to analyze and collect data quickly. Therefore, monitoring is of the utmost importance.&nbsp;This application note describes the advantages of using an Agilent 1290 Infinity III Bio Online LC solution with Agilent Online LC Monitoring software. A bioreactor was interfaced with a Flownamics Seg-Flow S3 sampling system for aseptic withdrawal and an Agilent 1290 Infinity III Bio Online LC to make an hourly analysis.&nbsp;This is a fully automated approach for taking sterile samples from a bioreactor and preparing or diluting them. In addition, the 1290 Infinity III Bio Online LC solution displays data in near real time, which is a crucial element for effective bioprocess&nbsp;monitoring.<h4>Experimental&nbsp;</h4><h5>Equipment&nbsp;</h5>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1290+Infinity+III+Bio">1290 Infinity III Bio </a>Online LC comprised the following&nbsp;modules:&nbsp;<ul><li>Agilent 1290 Infinity III Bio Flexible Pump (G7131A) with an InfinityLab Quick Change Bio inline filter assembly (part&nbsp;number 5067-1607), 2.1 mm id, 0.2 µm pore size&nbsp;</li><li>Agilent 1290 Infinity III Bio Online Sample Manager (G3167B) with Sample Thermostat (option #101) clustered with Agilent 1290 Infinity Valve Drive (G1170A), featuring a reactor valve pod (part number 5067-6680) and Online LC Monitoring Software&nbsp;</li><li>Agilent 1290 Infinity III Multicolumn Thermostat (G7116B) equipped with an Agilent Quick Connect Bio Heat Exchanger Std. (G7116-60071)&nbsp;</li><li>Agilent 1290 Infinity III Diode Array Detector (DAD) (G7117B), equipped with a Bio Max-Light Cartridge Cell (G4212-6008), 10 mm, 1 µL&nbsp;</li><li>Agilent 1260 Infinity High-Performance Degasser (G4225A) is connected between S1 (transport solvent) solvent line and Agilent 1290 Infinity III Bio Online Sample Manager (G3167B)&nbsp;</li></ul><h5>Software&nbsp;</h5><ul><li>Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=OpenLab+CDS">OpenLab CDS</a> version 2.8 or later versions&nbsp;</li><li>Agilent Online LC Monitoring Software version 1.3 or later&nbsp;versions&nbsp;</li><li>Flownamics FlowWeb control&nbsp;software</li></ul><h5>Instrumental configuration&nbsp;</h5>The 1290 Infinity III Bio Online LC solution was used with a Seg-Flow interface for automatic sampling and online analysis (see Figure 1). The Seg-Flow interface was used to withdraw samples from a bioreactor through a Flownamics F-Series 310 FISP probe with a ceramic membrane filter (0.2&nbsp;µm pore size) from a 5 L bioreactor. The drawn samples were sent through the built-in sample collection cup on the Seg‑Flow to the LC and the samples were retained into vials. The collected samples were then automatically derivatized by using an injector program and subsequently analyzed. A more detailed description of the instrumental configuration has been published.3<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>For online bioprocess monitoring, a fully automated setup consisting of a bioreactor, a Flownamics sampling system, and an Agilent 1290 Infinity III Bio Online LC solution was successfully established. This setup is capable of taking aseptic samples from a bioreactor, preparing, analyzing, and processing samples without the need for manual interaction. In addition, the added value of the Agilent Online LC Monitoring software was evident in the display method and the ability to track it quickly.<h3>2. Shimadzu: Analysis of Oligonucleotide Impurities Using Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00974_en_c50bb67c7a.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>User Benefits</h4><ul><li>Combination use of LCMS-2050 single quadrupole mass spectrometer and LabSolutions Insight Biologics provides comprehensive characterization of oligonucleotides and related impurities.</li><li>Purity calculations for target components can be performed even on poorly separated peaks by utilizing MS spectra simultaneously acquired with UV chromatogram.</li></ul>In recent years, oligonucleotide therapeutics have been paid attention as a novel drug discovery modality because of their rapid progress of development. During the synthesis of oligonucleotide therapeutics, impurities that have differing base chain lengths are generated along with the target oligonucleotide. To ensure the safety and efficacy of the drug, comprehensive detection and identification of these impurities are required.&nbsp;Reversed phase ion-pair chromatography is often employed as a method to separate the target compound from co-existing impurities. However, it is often difficult to establish analytical conditions that provide compete separation of all impurities that are formed in synthesis process due to their similar structures and properties to the principal compound of active ingredient. Against this drawback, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is commonly used for impurity detection and identification. For analysis of oligonucleotide impurities, quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometers are mainly used because of their high mass resolution and ability to perform sequence and structure estimations via MS/MS analysis. However, in quality control process, the use of a single quadrupole mass spectrometer is expected to be advantageous because of providing mass information with easy operation when impurity information is already known.&nbsp;This article presents a simulated impurity analysis of synthetic oligonucleotide using the LCMS-2050 high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer and LabSolutions Insight Biologics.<h4>Analytical conditions</h4>The employed instrument setup was <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Nexera+XS">Nexera XS inert</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=LCMS-2050">LCMS-2050</a>. HPLC conditions are shown in Table 2, and MS conditions are shown in Table 3. The conditions were set where n-1(5') co-eluted with FLP, while n-3(5') was separated (Fig. 1) to demonstrate impurity analysis performance.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The simulated sample consisting of mainly FLP and small amounts of n-1(5')/n-3(5') was analyzed using the LCMS-2050 and LabSolutions Insight Biologics software and obtained data were processed appropriately. Detection, identification, and quantitation at low concentrations were accomplished not only for n-3(5') well-separated from FLP but also for n-1(5') co-eluted with FLP. In case that establishing analytical conditions is difficult, Using this instrument setup and software will provide efficient quality confirmation of oligonucleotide therapeutics.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Simultaneous Quantitation and Untargeted Discovery (SQUAD) workflow using multiple fragmentation techniques for quantitation and characterization of trace level nitrosamine in biological matrices</h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_squad_workflow_multiple_fragmentation_techniques_po_en_94a5b27b12.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>N-Nitrosamines are a class of carcinogenic chemical compounds that pose threat to humans exogenously through matrices like drinking water, food, cosmetics, and endogenously by nitrosation in gastrointestinal tract, nitrate to nitrite conversion, etc. An accurate, reliable analytical method is critical for detection and quantification of these trace-level, polar and low molecular weight compounds to understand the association between their exposure and related diseases.&nbsp;An optimized SQUAD workflow is presented that discovers unknown compounds in the matrix by using high resolution orbitrap and a sensitive linear ion trap detector that quantifies the low intensity nitrosamines in a single run. The workflow uses multiple fragmentation types – HCD, CID and UVPD and MSn to help characterize isomeric structures.<h4>Methods</h4>Serial dilution of Nitrosamine standards were subjected to Simultaneous Quantitation and Discovery (SQUAD) analysis using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/744">Thermo Scientific™ Vanquish™ Horizon UHPLC system</a> and the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/561">Thermo Scientific™ Orbitrap IQ-X™ Tribrid™ mass spectrometer</a> . Nitrosamine spiked matrices of human pooled urine and human Serum were subjected to SQUAD analysis.<h4>Data Analysis&nbsp;</h4>Spectra were evaluated for nitrosamines using Thermo Scientific™ FreeStyle™ software and annotated using Thermo Scientific™ <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1757">Mass Frontier™ 8.0 software</a>. Untargeted data analysis was performed using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1759">Compound Discoverer 3.4 software</a>. Calibration curves were generated using Thermo Scientific™ <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/77">TraceFinder™ 5.2 software</a>.<h4>Conclusions&nbsp;</h4><ul><li>Detection limits as low ppb levels ( 0.2 ppb –0.5 ppb) and quantitation limits (0.2 ppb- 5 ppb ) in presence of the matrix were achieved for all seven nitrosamines by applying parallel ion trap analysis&nbsp;</li><li>SQUAD analysis was run on Orbitrap IQ-X Tribrid MS and achieved low ppb level quantitation in ion trap and identified unknown compounds through discovery analysis in Orbitrap.&nbsp;</li><li>Employing nano LC helped achieve lower limit of quantitation (5 ppt)</li></ul><h3>4. Waters Corporation: Validated LC-MS/MS Method for Vitamin E Acetate in Cannabis Plants and Derived Products</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720009082_en_c7a6fc6190.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h5>Benefits&nbsp;</h5><ul><li>The validated LC-MS/MS method provides high sensitivity and specificity for VEA quantification in complex cannabis matrices, including flower and concentrates.&nbsp;</li><li>Minimal sample preparation reduces handling time and improves laboratory throughput, supporting efficient routine analysis.&nbsp;</li><li>The method demonstrates robust performance across multiple matrices, ensuring reliable detection even in lipid-rich, chemically diverse samples.</li><li>Use of Waters ACQUITY UPLC H-Class System and Xevo TQ-S micro Mass Spectrometer enables accurate quantitation well below regulatory requirements.&nbsp;</li><li>The validated method complies with Missouri DCR and DHSS regulatory limits, enabling laboratories to confidently monitor VEA in cannabis products.</li></ul>VEA is used as a diluent and viscosity modifier in certain cannabis-derived products, including vaping formulations. Following increased public health awareness during 2019, VEA became a marker of interest for quality control and regulatory surveillance across cannabis supply chains due to its potential impact on lung health. In addition to concentrates and vape liquids, trace residues may be present in infused products and processing intermediates. Therefore, reliable quantification of VEA in these chemically diverse, lipid-rich matrices requires an analytical method that is sensitive, selective, and robust against matrix effects. In February 2024, Missouri’s DCR revised the tolerance limit for VEA in cannabis products from 0.2 ppm to 5 ppm.1&nbsp;Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) provides the sensitivity and specificity required to distinguish VEA from endogenous cannabinoids, terpenes, and other lipophilic excipients, while also offering the sensitivity to support low-ppm and sub-ppm action limits. Unlike UVbased methods, where co-eluting chromophores may interfere, LC-MS/MS enables targeted multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for confident identification and accurate quantitation in complex cannabis matrices.&nbsp;This application note describes the validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of VEA in two inhalable products, cannabis flower and cannabis concentrates. The method was developed and validated using the Waters ACQUITY UPLC H-Class System coupled with a Xevo TQ-S micro Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a reversed-phase ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 Column. A streamlined sample preparation approach was applied for cannabis flowers and concentrates, which minimizes handling time and increases sample throughput.&nbsp;The validation study was conducted at GPA. Method performance was evaluated for calibration range, linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, precision, recovery, repeatability, and robustness. The results of these are evaluated against acceptance criteria set by State of Missouri DHSS and presented in this application note.<h4>Experimental&nbsp;</h4><ul><li>LC system: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/198">ACQUITY UPLC H-Class Plus System&nbsp;</a></li><li>MS detection: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/209">Xevo TQ-S micro Mass Spectrometer&nbsp;</a></li><li>Column: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1952">ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 Column</a>, 2.1 x 50 mm, 1.7 µm (p/n: 186002350)</li><li>Software: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/635">MassLynx™ 4.1 Software&nbsp;</a></li><li>Data processing: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=5&amp;search=TargetLynx">TargetLynx™</a> Application</li></ul><h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>The LC-MS/MS method developed and validated for VEA quantification in cannabis flower and concentrates demonstrates excellent linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness, and meets the regulatory requirements. Calibration curves achieved R² values greater than 0.999, with LOD and LOQ well below the Missouri action limit of 5 ppm. Matrix-spiked recoveries across flower and concentrate samples were within the 70–130% acceptance range, and QC samples met all performance criteria, confirming method reliability. Robustness testing across analysts and matrices further validated the method’s reproducibility. Overall, this approach provides a streamlined, sensitive, and regulatory-compliant workflow for laboratories, enabling accurate monitoring of VEA to support quality control, consumer safety, and regulatory compliance in cannabis-derived products

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 04, 2026

Article

Application

Academy

Health

Science and research

Poster

RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment) is an independent department of the Faculty of Science of Masaryk University in Brno, which has been established in 1983. RECETOX is focused on the research and education in cross-cutting area of Environment and Health. It addresses interactions among chemicals, environment, and biological systems, including consequences at local, regional, and global levels.

RECETOX - Centrum pro výzkum toxických látek v prostředí

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Phenomenex is a global technology leader committed to developing novel analytical chemistry solutions that solve the separation and purification challenges of researchers in industrial, government and academic laboratories.

Phenomenex

Quantitative analysis of proteins (Bioanalytic) 

In our laboratory, proteomic analyses, including quantitative analysis of proteins, are performed by HPLC-MS or HPLC-MS/MS methods on a ZenoTOF 7600 high-resolution mass spectrometer (SCIEX).

Quantitative analysis of proteins is important in many industries and applications. Proteins include a diverse group of compounds that participate in virtually every biological process. Proteins are building blocks, hormones, transport molecules, cell receptors, cell growth and differentiation factors. Because of this, the analysis of protein interactions is crucial in drug design and production.Proteins are macromolecules - the basis of their structure are polypeptide chains containing from 100 to more than 10000 amino acids (10 - 100 kDa). Proteins are found in simple and complex forms. Complex proteins contain a non-protein component (sugar, lipids, metal ions or dyes) in their structure.In our laboratory, proteomic analyses, including quantitative analysis of proteins, are performed by HPLC-MS or HPLC-MS/MS methods on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=52&amp;search=ZenoTOF+7600">ZenoTOF 7600</a> high-resolution mass spectrometer (SCIEX). We process the obtained results using Sciex OS, Spectronaut, Skyline software.<h4>MS vs MS/MS</h4>Quantitative analysis of intact protein (whole protein in intact form) leads to the concentration (determined from a prepared curve from a standard (with or without matrix) and confirmation of the identification by superimposing (on a mirrored basis) the MS spectrum of the protein determined in the sample to the MS spectrum of the standard. For your needs, we can generate a list of protein-structured compounds (impurities) that were identified in the sample and determine the ratio of their signal area to the signal area of the analyzed protein.The result of proteomic quantitative peptide analysis allows precise and much more sensitive determination of protein concentration. The analysis is based on MS/MS data obtained for peptides obtained by digestion with proteolytic enzymes. The reported result consists of the concentration of the protein under study and confirmation of its presence based on the determined amino acid sequence. For such analyses, it is recommended to add standards internal standards.<blockquote>Our offer:<ul><li>For proteins and peptides with low masses - intact analysis with MS detection;</li><li>Proteins with masses &gt;20kDa require optimization of the digestion method and MS/MS detection. This results in specific signals from the analyzed protein in the mixture/matrix;</li><li>From complex matrices (including serum, cell culture, fungal suspension), sample analysis involves several steps:&nbsp;<ul><li>Sample purification;</li><li>Digestion to obtain unique peptides to distinguish the analyzed proteins from other proteins in the sample;</li><li>Sample preparation requires appropriate method optimization and validation (let's set validation criteria individually);</li></ul></li><li>Reported quantitative result includes confirmation of the presence of the protein in native form or a peptide derived from it (usually confirmation includes at least two peptide sequences);</li><li>Statistical analysis using tools: MarkerView (PCA), GraphPad Prism, Trends, Sciex OS.</li></ul>To optimize and validate the method, it is necessary to provide a standard, in the case of proteins with high masses - it is recommended to add an internal standard.See also:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labexperts.com.pl/service/identyfikacja-bialek/">Protein identification</a>,</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1296">Analysis and characterization of monoclonal antibodies</a>.</li></ul></blockquote><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Quantitative_analysis_of_proteins_1_de494646f2.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Quantitative analysis of proteins." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Quantitative_analysis_of_proteins_1_de494646f2.jpg 200w," sizes="100vw" width="777" height="606">

Identification of the substance – what is in your sample? (Bioanalytic)

We are able to identify metabolites and products of chemical reactions, contaminants of biological and chemical substances and preparations, and perform profiling of a series of samples to study the kinetics of transformations.

<h4>Substance Identification - Looking for answers to what's in your sample? - we can help you.</h4>Substance identification based on LC-MS/MS techniques can involve single compounds or mixtures of substances. In our analyses, we rely primarily on the knowledge and skills we have acquired after many years of work. For analysis, we use full laboratory facilities for sample preparation and high-resolution mass spectrometry (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labexperts.com.pl/o-nas/">equipment</a>).We use different work algorithms depending on the material we are dealing with and the analytical task to be solved. We use DDA (IDA) or DIA (SWATH) methods or targeted approaches (e.g. MRMhr) if we know what to expect. Thus, we are able to identify metabolites and products of chemical reactions, contaminants of biological and chemical substances and preparations, and perform profiling of a series of samples to study the kinetics of transformations.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_substance_what_is_in_your_sample_2_0f425a648b.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Identification of the substance – what is in your sample" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_substance_what_is_in_your_sample_2_0f425a648b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1881" height="1156"><h4>COST OF SERVICE</h4>We determine the cost of the service individually. The final cost is influenced by many factors related to the nature of the sample itself and the client's expectations. Thus, the price depends, among other things, on the complexity of the sample preparation procedure, the scope and number of analyses, etc.The service includes (depending on individual arrangements):<h5>Development of sample preparation procedure</h5><ul><li>Depending on the matrix and test substances.</li></ul><h5>Development of analytical methods</h5><ul><li>Application of high-resolution LC-MS/MS analyses using DDA (IDA) or DIA (SWATH) experiments and software to support the development of targeted screening methods.</li></ul><h5>Analysis of results includes:</h5><ul><li>finding and identifying the substances of interest, interpreting MS/MS spectra and proposing a structural formula.</li><li>Comparative analysis of sample series, e.g. PCA,</li><li>profiling of analytes in sample series</li></ul><h5>Reporting of results</h5><ul><li>Compile results into easy-to-read reports.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_substance_what_is_in_your_sample_3_c1b8adc1d0.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Identification of the substance – what is in your sample" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_substance_what_is_in_your_sample_3_c1b8adc1d0.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1919" height="1208">

Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies (Bioanalytic)

At LabExperts, proteomic analyses are performed on a ZenoTOF 7600 high-resolution LC-MS/MS system (SCIEX). For MS/MS analyses, we use Collision induced dissociation (CID) and Electron-Activated Dissociation (EAD) fragmentation.

Antibodies are molecules made up of 4 polypeptide chains: two heavy (H - high-chain) linked to each other by a specific type of chemical bond - a disulfide bridge, and two light (L - light-chain) linked by an identical bond to the heavy chains. Monoclonal antibodies (mABs) are used in various forms - as free molecules, in the form of a drug-antibody combination, and in the form of an immunoconjugate, a drug-antibody-biopolymer combination.Their main use is in highly specific targeted therapy for cancer, cardiovascular, autoimmune and nervous system diseases. They are also used in the treatment of osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease or transplantation. The range of applications of monoclonal antibodies is systematically expanded. The introduction of a new antibody to the market requires complex product characterization, which involves numerous proteomic analyses, which are performed by LC-MS/MS techniques, among others.<h4>LC-MS/MS</h4>The characterization of monoclonal antibodies involves many aspects, including, but not limited to, a suite of analyses related to confirmation of the structure, chain sequence and degree of modification of the antibody. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are chemical changes that occur after the translation process. These changes generally result in an increase in the immunogenicity of the drug. For this reason, it is essential to monitor modifications as critical quality attributes (CQAs) during both the production and storage of the drug. To ensure monitoring of CQA points, the primary structure of the protein is characterized based on peptide mapping (peptide mapping) analysis. The protein under study is subjected to proteolytic digestion using enzymes such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, Lys-C, Glu-C. As a result of various proteolytic enzymes, a wide range of peptides is obtained. Ultimately, coverage of the entire sequence of the protein under study is obtained.<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:1536/947;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_3_d94fa1623b.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_3_d94fa1623b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="947"></figure>At LabExperts, proteomic analyses are performed on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=52&amp;search=ZenoTOF+7600">ZenoTOF 7600</a> high-resolution LC-MS/MS system (SCIEX). For MS/MS analyses, we use Collision induced dissociation (CID) and Electron-Activated Dissociation (EAD) fragmentation. This provides us with data for unambiguous identification of protein-building amino acids. We process the results using Sciex OS, Skyline and Spectronaut software.<blockquote>We perform:<ul><li>Whole protein analyses - Intact - to determine the exact mass and confirm the theoretical mass;</li><li>N-glycosylation profile determination (based on MS spectrum reconstruction):<ul><li>Glycosylated form;</li><li>Deglycosylated;</li><li>Glycosylated with reduced disulfide bridges;</li><li>Deglycosylated with reduced disulfide bridges.</li></ul></li><li>Peptide maps:<ul><li>Protein digestion with various proteases so that sequence coverage is close to 100%<ul><li>Analysis of PTMs:</li><li>Location of modifications</li></ul></li><li>[%] of modifications compared to the unmodified sequence</li></ul></li><li>TiPOS testing - (technical proof of similarity) - technical confirmation of the similarity of the protein synthesized by the customer (from several LOTs) with the target protein (provided as a template).</li></ul>In order to maintain the highest possible analytical standards, we perform monoclonal antibody analyses under the regime of an internally developed and implemented laboratory quality system based on GLP principles.See also our other proteomics services: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labexperts.com.pl/service/identyfikacja-bialek/">Protein identification</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1294">Protein quantitative analysis</a></blockquote><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_2_cb93143fe6.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_2_cb93143fe6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="908"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_1_0e8ab7cdfa.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_1_0e8ab7cdfa.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="858">

Analysis of Anabolic steroids (Bioanalytic)

We offer a highly specific and sensitive qualitative analysis of a wide profile of anabolics by LC-HR-MS/MS technique (detection limits range from 0.01 to 5 ng/ml, depending on the substance).

<h4>Anabolic substances in urine</h4>The effect of anabolic steroids (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabolic_steroid">more information</a>) is to stimulate the growth of muscle mass and sometimes also bone mass by stimulating protein synthesis or altering calcium metabolism. This effect is often used in sports doping. However, anabolic steroids also have many side effects, as they strongly affect the body's overall hormonal balance.Anabolic steroids used by purely recreational athletes are still not banned in most countries, including Poland. Nevertheless, their amateur use during adolescence often results in the inability to continue a professional sports career into adulthood or leads to hormonal imbalances in the body.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Analysis_of_Anabolic_steroids_Bioanalytic_1_46fa2f41ca.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Analysis of Anabolic steroids." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Analysis_of_Anabolic_steroids_Bioanalytic_1_46fa2f41ca.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1200" height="740">If you want to know whether and which anabolic substances are present in the samples of athletes, or you want to exclude doping in this area - use the offer carried out by us together with the company <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www.lab4tox.pl/">Lab4Tox</a>. We offer a highly specific and sensitive qualitative analysis of a wide profile of anabolics by LC-HR-MS/MS technique (detection limits range from 0.01 to 5 ng/ml, depending on the substance). The use of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS and HR-MS/MS) in the analysis of anabolic steroids makes it possible to unequivocally confirm or exclude the presence of a given compound. The list of compounds at present includes:<ul><li>Boldenone undecylenate</li><li>Turinabol</li><li>Drostanolone enanthate</li><li>Drostanolone propionate</li><li>Methandienone</li><li>Methenolone acetate</li><li>Methenolone enanthate</li><li>Nandrolone phenylpropionate</li><li>Oxandrolone</li><li>Oxymetholone</li><li>Stanozolol</li><li>5-alpha-DHT</li><li>6-beta-hydroxymethandienone</li><li>19-norandrosterone</li><li>3'-hydroxystanazolol</li><li>4-beta-hydrozystanazolol</li><li>17-alpha-trenbolone</li><li>Testosterone caproate</li><li>Testosterone cypionate</li><li>Testosterone decanoate</li><li>Testosterone enanthate</li><li>Testosterone isocaproate</li><li>Testosterone phenylpropionate</li><li>Testosterone propionate</li><li>Testosterone undecanoate</li><li>Trenbolone acetate</li><li>Testosterone</li><li>Epitestosterone</li></ul>The list of compounds is not complete and will be systematically expanded according to customer needs.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Analysis_of_Anabolic_steroids_Bioanalytic_2_78729119b0.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Analysis of Anabolic steroids is carried out by us together with the company Lab4Tox." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Analysis_of_Anabolic_steroids_Bioanalytic_2_78729119b0.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="625" height="100"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=54&amp;distributorItems=315">Other analytical methods we offer</a>.

Analysis of Synthetic Peptide Hormones (Bioanalytic)

We offer highly specific and sensitive quantitative analysis of peptides by LC-MS/MS technique (LOQ < 1 ng/ml).

<h4>Synthetic peptide hormones - a study of the purity of formulations and composition of dietary supplements.</h4>In sports doping, small synthetic peptide hormones represent an increasingly attractive class of supplements for improving physical performance in amateur and professional athletes. Their use, depending on the type of peptide, is aimed primarily at building muscle tissue while intensifying fat reduction processes combined with the induction of the body's regenerative processes.Do you want to be sure that the peptide you are using is in the product in the amount declared by the manufacturer? Or do you have doubts that the supplement you are using is contaminated with these compounds? If you are troubled by these or similar questions - feel free to contact us. We perform tests in cooperation with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www.lab4tox.pl">Lab4Tox</a>. We offer highly specific and sensitive quantitative analysis of peptides by LC-MS/MS technique (LOQ &lt; 1 ng/ml). At the moment, we analyze the following peptides:<ul><li>GHRP-2</li><li>GHRP-6</li><li>BPC-157</li><li>Melanotan-2</li></ul>The list of compounds is not complete and will be systematically expanded according to customer needs.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Analysis_of_Anabolic_steroids_Bioanalytic_2_78729119b0.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Analysis of Synthetic Peptide Hormones. We perform tests in cooperation withLab4Tox." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Analysis_of_Anabolic_steroids_Bioanalytic_2_78729119b0.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="625" height="100"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=54&amp;distributorItems=315">Other analytical methods we offer</a>.

Determination of nitrosamine content (Bioanalytic)

Our offer includes comprehensive development and validation of methods for determination of nitrosamines in pharmaceutical products. We perform the work according to the criteria and needs of the client based on the EMA note.

Determination of nitrosamines is one of the pharmaceutical industry's top priorities. After the presence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was first reported in an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) mandated the identification and control of all APIs and finished products in which there is a risk of nitrosamines.The content of nitrosamines in drug products can be controlled primarily by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. More than that, a reliable analysis result in our offer consists of a well-chosen sample preparation procedure, a selective and sensitive analytical method, and the experience of the analyst, who selects the best method parameters at the optimization stage.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Determination_of_nitrosamine_content_Bioanalytic_2_ce4f440837.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Determination of nitrosamine content." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Determination_of_nitrosamine_content_Bioanalytic_2_ce4f440837.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="1024">We have gained experience working with leading pharmaceutical companies. As part of our ongoing work, we have developed analytical methods for small-molecule nitrosamines of 70-150 g/mol. These compounds are mainly formed during manufacturing processes and depend on the presence and type of excipients (e.g. NDBA - N-nitroso-dibutylamine). We have also developed methods for determining molecules with higher nitrosamine drug substance related impurities (NDSRIs). In our work, we focus on achieving the highest possible sensitivity, selectivity and precision. To this end, we individually select the parameters of the methods depending on the composition of the drug and the expected nitrosamines. Due to the above criteria and the required detection limits, we perform nitrosamine impurity determinations using LC-MS/MS kits based on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=52&amp;search=QTRAP+5500%2B">QTRAP 5500+</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=52&amp;search=QTRAP+6500%2B">QTRAP 6500+</a> mass spectrometers (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=55">SCIEX</a>).<blockquote>Our offerOur offer includes comprehensive development and validation of methods for determination of nitrosamines in pharmaceutical products. We perform the work according to the criteria and needs of the client based on the EMA note.At the stage of sample preparation, we focus on:<ul><li>obtaining the highest possible recovery of nitrosamines (matrix purification);</li><li>limiting additional synthesis of impurities (selection of appropriate equipment and reagents);</li><li>ensuring the stability of the sample prepared for LC-MS/MS analysis.</li></ul>During the optimization of the LC-MS/MS method, we solve such problems as:<ul><li>selection of an appropriate internal standard;</li><li>separation of the impurity from the API;</li><li>obtaining the expected sensitivity of the analytical method.</li></ul>Quantitative analysis of nitrosamines requires sensitivity, precision and accuracy, which we provide to our customers.</blockquote><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Determination_of_nitrosamine_content_Bioanalytic_1_d629e00e62.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Determination of nitrosamine content." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Determination_of_nitrosamine_content_Bioanalytic_1_d629e00e62.jpg 103w," sizes="100vw" width="1130" height="1710">

Identification of the proteins (Bioanalytic)

We perform proteomic analyses on a state-of-the-art high-resolution ZenoTOF 7600 (SCIEX), in which the Zeno ion trap and EAD (Electron-Activated Dissociation) technology together make a powerful combination.

Protein identification is based on experimental measurement of peptide molecular weights and matching the amino acid sequence of the protein under study with protein sequences deposited in libraries (databases). Two approaches are most commonly used in proteomic studies: top-down and bottom-up. The top-down method involves analyzing full protein sequences. Bottom-up analyses, on the other hand, use digestion of proteins with proteolytic enzymes. The peptides obtained by digestion are analyzed using a mass spectrometer. Each analysis leads to a comparison of experimental data with data obtained by theoretical digestion of proteins described in the database.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_proteins_Bioanalytic_2_6231b73f0d.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Identification of the proteins." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_proteins_Bioanalytic_2_6231b73f0d.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="766"><h4>LC-MS/MS</h4>Tandem mass spectrometers are commonly used to determine protein sequences. They allow ion selection of pseudomolecular peptides and then fragmentation and measurement of the masses of the resulting fragments. Fragmentation using collision induced dissociation(CID ) is an invaluable tool in targeted and untargeted MS/MS analysis of small molecules. It is important to note that in proteomic analysis, data obtained using the aforementioned fragmentation method may leave gaps. For example, spectra obtained by CID fragmentation do not allow unambiguous differentiation of some amino acids: leucine from isoleucine (identical molar masses and CID fragmentation) and lysine from glutamine (very similar masses). For this reason, we perform proteomic analyses on a state-of-the-art high-resolution <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=52&amp;search=+ZenoTOF+7600">ZenoTOF 7600</a> (SCIEX), in which the Zeno ion trap and EAD (Electron-Activated Dissociation) technology together make a powerful combination. It enables the creation of unique fragments to differentiate problematic amino acids and increase the sensitivity and specificity of the analysis.<blockquote>We perform analyses of:<ul><li>samples from solution;</li><li>samples from a gel;</li><li>samples from a complex matrix (by prior arrangement);</li><li>samples from lyophilizer;</li><li>samples previously prepared by the client.</li></ul>Qualitative analysis of proteins includes:<ul><li>To confirm the presence of a protein, the sample is subjected to digestion and the result obtained from experimental data is compared with theoretical data;</li><li>Comparison of experimental data on the masses of peptides included in the analyzed protein with the protein sequences described in the database;</li><li>Analysis and identification of the protein mixture;</li><li>Identification of post translational modifications (PTMs) (we use the tools: Skyline, Spectronaut).</li><li>Reporting of the result including, but not limited to, confirmation of the coverage of the protein sequence obtained in the test sample with the theoretical protein and the list of modified peptides, location and % of modifications.</li></ul>Comparative analyses include:<ul><li>Determining the composition of mixtures;</li><li>Comparison and profiling of sample series - protein identification and trend analysis.</li></ul>Our offer also includes:<ul><li>Support in the planning and execution of studies (the scope is determined individually);</li><li>Assistance in the development of extraction methods from complex matrices - biological fluids, plant tissue, animal tissues (the scope is determined individually);</li><li>Statistical analysis using tools: MarkerView (PCA), GraphPad Prism, Trends, Sciex OS;</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1294">Quantitative analysis of proteins</a>;</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1296">Analysis and characterization of monoclonal antibodies</a>.</li></ul></blockquote><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_proteins_Bioanalytic_1_97cf8c94b3.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Identification of the proteins." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_proteins_Bioanalytic_1_97cf8c94b3.jpg 117w," sizes="100vw" width="1500" height="2000">

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