<h3>How are PFAS regulations changing, and what role will ion chromatography play in the future of environmental testing?</h3>In this episode, &nbsp;David interviews Jay Gandhi, PhD, Vertical Markets Manager at Metrohm USA, for an in-depth discussion on PFAS analysis, the rise of AOF (Adsorbable Organic Fluorine) testing, and the development of EPA 1621 and ISO 18127 standards.With more than 30 years of experience in ion chromatography, Jay shares valuable perspective on how the field has evolved—from early applications and NASA water recovery projects to today’s challenges involving PFAS, TFA, and emerging contaminants.<h4>Topics covered in this episode include:</h4><ul><li>What PFAS are and why they matter</li><li>The difference between targeted PFAS methods and AOF analysis</li><li>How combustion ion chromatography works</li><li>Behind the scenes of EPA 1621 and ISO 18127 method development</li><li>Regulatory trends in water, textiles, and food packaging</li><li>TFA analysis using IC-MS and IC-MS/MS</li><li>The future of ion chromatography in environmental labs</li></ul><h3>Video Transcription</h3>For more than three decades, Jay Gandhi has worked with ion chromatography (IC), watching the technique expand from a specialized tool for water analysis into an analytical platform used across environmental testing, food and beverage analysis, semiconductor manufacturing, battery applications, and, increasingly, PFAS analysis.In an interview for Concentrating on Chromatography, Gandhi discusses his introduction to IC during his work on a NASA Mars exploration project, the emergence of PFAS as a major analytical challenge, and why techniques such as adsorbable organic fluorine (AOF) determination and combustion ion chromatography (CIC) can provide information that targeted LC-MS analysis alone cannot deliver. He also examines the development of standardized methods, sample preparation challenges, and the future role of IC-MS and total fluorine approaches in PFAS monitoring.<h4>From NASA to ion chromatography</h4>Gandhi's introduction to ion chromatography came through his work as a principal scientist on a NASA Mars exploration project focused on water recovery under zero-gravity conditions. IC played an important role because it enabled researchers to establish the ionic balance of anions and cations in water.The technology was used both to investigate micronutrients relevant to agricultural applications and to evaluate water purity for potential astronaut consumption. During approximately three years of this work, Gandhi gained extensive experience with ion chromatography. This ultimately led him deeper into IC instrumentation and, 24 years ago, to joining Metrohm.At the beginning of his career, IC was strongly associated with relatively straightforward anion and cation analysis in water. The technique itself had been used for water analysis since the 1970s, but Gandhi has seen its application range expand dramatically.Food and beverage testing and environmental analysis became important fields, supported by both direct and indirect detection strategies. More recently, IC has also found applications in areas such as the semiconductor industry and battery recycling.In Gandhi's words, ion chromatography has effectively "bloomed" into numerous application areas.<h4>PFAS changes the analytical challenge</h4>PFAS represent a particularly important chapter in this development. These chemicals have been used for decades in numerous consumer and industrial products, including non-stick materials, firefighting foams, water-resistant textiles and other applications.Gandhi recalls work on PFOA and PFOS using ion chromatography with conductivity detection as early as 2008. However, the achievable detection limits were insufficient for the extremely low concentrations that later became important in PFAS analysis.A major turning point for him came in 2015, when he encountered research from Sweden using combustion ion chromatography to investigate total fluorine. Subsequent collaboration with researchers at Clarkson University and Harvard University, particularly on aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), further demonstrated the importance of looking beyond individual targeted PFAS compounds.<h4>Why targeted LC-MS does not tell the whole story</h4>Targeted LC-MS is highly sensitive and selective and can provide detailed information about individual PFAS compounds. However, according to Gandhi, the number of possible PFAS structures in the environment is vastly greater than the number routinely included in targeted methods.A targeted method may monitor dozens or perhaps around one hundred compounds, while the overall PFAS universe can include thousands of chemical structures. Consequently, targeted analysis may characterize only a small fraction of the total PFAS burden.There are other practical considerations. LC-MS measurements can be affected by matrix-dependent ion suppression, while accurate quantification frequently relies on isotope-labelled internal standards. Such standards are available for only a limited number of compounds and can be expensive.This is where measurements of total or adsorbable organic fluorine can provide complementary information. Rather than asking which specific PFAS compounds are present?, these approaches can help answer a broader question: how much fluorine associated with this chemical space is present in the sample?<h4>AOF as a complementary approach</h4>Adsorbable organic fluorine analysis provides a different perspective from targeted LC-MS. In the workflow discussed by Gandhi, organic fluorine compounds are captured during sample preparation and subsequently measured using combustion ion chromatography.The principle of CIC builds upon older total organic halogen analysis. The sample is combusted at temperatures above approximately 1,000 °C, breaking carbon-halogen bonds. In PFAS-related analysis, carbon-fluorine bonds are broken and the resulting fluoride is collected in an absorption solution.Ion chromatography is then used to separate and quantify the fluoride.Replacing older detection approaches with IC provides both sensitivity and selectivity for the halogens being measured. Effective combustion is critical: oxygen supports the combustion process, while a carrier gas transports the products into the absorption solution for subsequent IC analysis.<h4>The challenge of inorganic fluoride</h4>The broad response of CIC is simultaneously one of its strengths and one of its analytical challenges. Combustion does not distinguish fluorine originating from PFAS from fluorine present in inorganic compounds such as fluoride salts.This becomes particularly important when analyzing water containing relatively high concentrations of inorganic fluoride while attempting to quantify organic fluorine at very low levels.Sample preparation therefore has a critical role. Inorganic fluoride must be effectively separated from the fraction of interest, while materials used during sample preparation must themselves have sufficiently low fluoride backgrounds.Contamination can come from unexpected sources. Gandhi points out that background fluoride may originate not only from reagents and sample preparation materials but potentially from the laboratory environment. Careful blank control, appropriate materials and rigorous evaluation of interferences are therefore essential when moving toward increasingly low detection limits.<h4>From research method to international standardization</h4>The development of standardized AOF methods illustrates the importance of collaboration between academia, industry, regulatory organizations and analytical laboratories.Gandhi describes work that began in Europe around 2015 and subsequently progressed through German standardization activities, ISO development, ASTM-related collaboration and the U.S. EPA. The process eventually contributed to methods such as EPA Method 1621.He emphasizes that this was not the work of a single scientist or organization. Developing a robust method required years of experiments, discussions and sometimes difficult technical debates among numerous stakeholders.For Gandhi, the essential principle was that experimental evidence ultimately had to determine the outcome. Collaboration becomes possible when scientists focus on the data rather than the organizations they represent.<h4>PFAS monitoring is moving beyond drinking water</h4>Regulatory attention to PFAS is also expanding beyond drinking water. Gandhi describes a broader strategy that begins with reducing the manufacture and use of PFAS-containing materials and continues with removing existing contamination from the environment.Wastewater represents an important part of this picture because PFAS can enter it from numerous sources. Historical contamination from landfills and contaminated sites can also migrate into groundwater and ultimately affect drinking-water supplies.Consumer products are another area of increasing attention. Food packaging, disposable containers, automotive fabrics, outdoor clothing and water-repellent textiles have historically used fluorinated substances to provide properties such as grease, water or stain resistance.Reducing PFAS use in such products could therefore gradually decrease the amount entering waste streams and the wider environment.<h4>Screening first, regulation later?</h4>Gandhi expects AOF to be particularly valuable as a screening tool, providing an estimate of broader fluorine contamination before laboratories proceed to more specific analyses.Its importance becomes clear when AOF results are compared with targeted PFAS measurements. Gandhi reports that laboratories working with EPA Method 1621 have observed differences between targeted PFAS results and broader AOF measurements ranging from approximately 300- to 4,000-fold in the total fluorine mass balance.Such discrepancies suggest that targeted methods can leave a substantial portion of fluorine unexplained.Rather than competing with LC-MS, AOF and CIC therefore provide complementary information. A broad screening method can reveal the magnitude of total contamination, while targeted mass spectrometry identifies and quantifies specific compounds of interest.<h4>Where IC-MS fits into the PFAS toolbox</h4>No single technique can cover the entire PFAS problem. Gandhi highlights very short-chain, highly polar fluorinated compounds as another analytical challenge.Compounds such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) are highly water-soluble and may not be quantitatively retained by the carbon materials used for AOF sample preparation. Direct ion chromatography can provide an alternative route for separating such compounds from common inorganic anions.Coupling IC with mass spectrometry adds another level of sensitivity and selectivity. Gandhi therefore sees IC-MS and IC-MS/MS as increasingly important tools for highly polar fluorinated compounds. Similar approaches can also be useful beyond PFAS, including the determination of polar pesticides such as glyphosate and glufosinate.<h4>Toward lower detection limits and more complete PFAS analysis</h4>For Gandhi, current standardized methods represent a beginning rather than an endpoint. Improvements in instrumentation and particularly sample preparation could push total fluorine analysis to substantially lower concentrations.He notes that current combustion IC configurations can reach approximately 0.5 ppb, or 500 parts per trillion, and believes that improvements in sample volume, preparation procedures and mitigation of inorganic fluoride backgrounds could eventually move detection below 100 ppt and potentially toward 50 ppt.Extractable organic fluorine workflows could provide another bridge between broad fluorine screening and targeted LC-MS methods. Combining improved extraction with CIC could allow samples to be screened for organic fluorine before more detailed compound-specific characterization.The broader message from Gandhi's career is that PFAS analysis is unlikely to be solved by a single analytical technique. Targeted LC-MS provides compound-specific sensitivity and selectivity; AOF and combustion IC reveal a broader fluorine picture; and IC-MS can address highly polar compounds that are difficult to capture using conventional workflows. Used together, these techniques can provide laboratories with a much more complete understanding of PFAS contamination than any one approach alone.<blockquote>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</blockquote><blockquote><h4>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</h4>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!You can find Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast in podcast apps:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL">Spotify</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185">Apple podcast</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography">podscan</a></li></ul>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos">YouTube channel</a></blockquote>

The Future of Ion Chromatography | PFAS Testing, EPA 1621 & AOF Explained

In late February 2025, a train carrying benzene derailed in Hustopeče nad Bečvou, and within hours, a race was on to save the groundwater and surface water. One of the most toxic industrial substances began seeping into the gravel-sand subsoil. While fieldwork was underway to prevent the spread of contamination, decisions were already being made in the CXI TUL laboratories regarding how to subsequently clean up the contaminated rock environment.The accident ranks among the most serious environmental incidents in the Czech Republic in recent years. After a tanker train derailed, hundreds of metric tons of benzene leaked; due to the highly permeable geological subsoil, it quickly seeped into deeper soil layers and into the groundwater. The combination of the substance’s high toxicity and local conditions complicated both the emergency response and the subsequent remediation. The key was to stop further spread, determine the extent of the contamination, and establish a remediation strategy for the entire site.It was at this stage that CXI TUL became involved in the solution. At the request of the renowned remediation company DEKONTA, a.s., a team led by RNDr. Jan Němeček, Ph.D., began testing the feasibility of the in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) method. This technology is designed to break down benzene directly within the rock matrix, without the need for extensive excavation of contaminated soil or the pumping out of large volumes of groundwater. The goal was simple: to find a method that would work quickly, safely, and under the actual conditions of the affected site.<h4>Benzene Remediation: Technically Simple, Complicated in Practice</h4>Benzene is a highly toxic and carcinogenic substance that rapidly penetrates into groundwater in permeable subsoil, where it dissolves and spreads further as the water flows toward surface water bodies. Benzene also binds to rock particles and migrates in the form of vapors into overlying unconsolidated layers.Scientists in Liberec therefore tested in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) technology under laboratory conditions. The goal was to find an oxidant capable of breaking down benzene directly underground into less hazardous substances.The tests evaluated two main options: activated hydrogen peroxide and sodium peroxodisulfate. Both substances removed up to 99.99% of the benzene, but there was a difference in their kinetics and impacts on the natural environment. Activated hydrogen peroxide achieved nearly complete degradation of the contaminant within a single day. Activated sodium peroxodisulfate was slower and also significantly altered the chemistry of the water; it acidified the environment and increased the sulfate content in the water, which poses an additional environmental burden.For field applications, the researchers therefore unequivocally recommended activated hydrogen peroxide.<h4>Dosage Matters</h4>It was not just the oxidant’s effectiveness that was key. It was equally important to determine how the chemical reaction would behave in a real geological environment. The team of scientists therefore also analyzed what is known as soil oxidant consumption (SOD). It turned out that a significant portion of the oxidizing agent does not react solely with benzene but is also consumed to a significant extent by the rock environment itself, particularly by natural organic substances present in the fine-grained fraction of the soil.An oxidant consumption value was determined specifically for the local composition of the aquifers, which is essential for the correct dosing of chemicals in the field so that the remediation is not only effective but also economically viable and safe for surrounding ecosystems.<h4>One Year After the Accident: Research Turns into Real-World Assistance</h4>While the public often perceives university science as a distant world of laboratories and grant projects, it is precisely situations like this that demonstrate its practical impact. The results of the work by researchers at CXI TUL did not remain confined to academic studies but directly influenced decisions regarding the technology used to clean up one of the largest environmental accidents in recent years.

Science on the Front Lines: Cleanup of a Benzene Spill

This study uses ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) lipidomics to characterize plasma lipid alterations associated with long-term aromatase inhibitor therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. A total of 649 lipid species across 23 classes and subclasses were relatively quantified, revealing significant differences in phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, ceramides, hexosylceramides, and other lipid groups.Multivariate analysis showed clear group separation, while a Naive Bayes model based on lipid-class profiles achieved an AUC of 0.79. The results indicate that aromatase inhibitor therapy is associated with systematic lipidomic changes linked to estrogen deprivation and sphingolipid metabolism, providing potential mechanistic insight into long-term metabolic effects of treatment.<blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926">Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy Is Associated with Distinct Plasma Lipidomic Profiles in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients&nbsp;</a></h4><div>Aleksandra Arsic, Ales Kvasnicka<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-316X"><img></a>, David Friedecky<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-9073"><img></a>, Nebojsa Ivanovic, Maja Milosevic<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0985-0728"><img></a> and Vesna Vucic</div>Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(4), 1926<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27041926">https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27041926</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.<div><div>Breast cancer (BRC) is the most common malignancy among women, with over 2.2 million new cases diagnosed globally in 2022 [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B1-ijms-27-01926">1</a>]. A substantial proportion of breast cancers are estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and/or progesterone receptor-positive (PR+) [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B2-ijms-27-01926">2</a>], necessitating multimodal treatment approaches, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) represent the gold-standard adjuvant endocrine treatment for postmenopausal women, as they improve disease control and reduce the risk of distant metastasis by inhibiting peripheral aromatase activity [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B3-ijms-27-01926">3</a>]. This inhibition prevents the conversion of androgenic precursors into estrogens in peripheral tissues, resulting in a marked reduction in systemic estrogen levels. For postmenopausal women with ER+ and PR+ breast tumors, a five-year course of AI therapy, often extended beyond this duration, is recommended to reduce the risk of disease recurrence [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B4-ijms-27-01926">4</a>].AIs decrease plasma and tissue concentrations of endogenous estrogens by inhibiting aromatase (cytochrome P450), the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for estrogen biosynthesis from testosterone and adrenal androgens [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B5-ijms-27-01926">5</a>]. Because estrogen plays a protective role in lipid metabolism, AI therapy is frequently associated with dyslipidemia. Increased levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) have been reported in patients receiving AIs [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B6-ijms-27-01926">6</a>], thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in postmenopausal women with BRC [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B7-ijms-27-01926">7</a>].Disturbances in lipid metabolism are recognized as a hallmark of cancer, leading to increasing interest in lipidomic profiling as a tool for characterizing tumor-associated metabolic alterations [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B8-ijms-27-01926">8</a>]. In recent years, clinical lipidomics studies have been conducted across multiple malignancies, including lung [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B9-ijms-27-01926">9</a>], pancreatic [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B10-ijms-27-01926">10</a>], renal cell carcinoma [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B11-ijms-27-01926">11</a>], colorectal [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B12-ijms-27-01926">12</a>], and BRC [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B13-ijms-27-01926">13</a>], highlighting cancer-specific lipidomic signatures and the growing relevance of lipid metabolism in oncology. Lipidomic reprogramming is now recognized as a defining feature of BRC. To date, elevated levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC 32:1), stearic acid, and ceramide (Cer 43:1), along with reduced levels of diacylglycerol (DG 34:2), have been reported in BRC patients compared with healthy women [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B14-ijms-27-01926">14</a>]. These lipid species, together with phosphatidylinositol (PI 16:0/16:1) and PI (18:0/20:4), have been proposed as potential biomarkers for BRC [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B14-ijms-27-01926">14</a>].Despite these advances, there remains a paucity of studies investigating the lipidomic profiles in BRC patients in relation to endocrine therapy. The present cross-sectional study aims to address this gap by conducting mass spectrometry-based profiling of lipid classes and comparing profiles between postmenopausal BRC patients receiving AI therapy and another cohort assessed before this treatment. This approach aims to characterize associations between AI therapy status and plasma lipidomic patterns.<h4>2. Results</h4><h5>2.3. Lipidomic Analysis</h5>Plasma lipid profiling identified 649 lipids across 23 lipid classes and subclasses, covering the major structural families of the circulating lipidome, including neutral lipids (triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, cholesteryl esters, and cholesterol), glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylserines, and their lysophospholipid counterparts), sphingolipids (sphingomyelins, ceramides, monohexosylceramides, and dihexosylceramides), and free fatty acids. In addition to diacyl phospholipids, the dataset included ether-linked and plasmalogen species (denoted as O- and P-), most prominently within PC, PE, and LPC and LPE classes. An overview of the plasma lipidome is shown as a global lipid network (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#fig_body_display_ijms-27-01926-f001">Figure 1</a>). To assess whether the observed lipid changes reflect coordinated remodeling rather than isolated signals, we performed Fisher’s combined probability test at the lipid-class level. This analysis revealed significant cumulative differences in several lipid classes, including Cer, LPC, ether/plasmalogen LPC, LPE, and SM (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#fig_body_display_ijms-27-01926-f001">Figure 1</a>), supporting systematic class-level alterations despite limited power at the single-species level.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Int_J_Mol_Sci_2026_27_4_1926_Figure_1_Global_lipid_network_analysis_of_plasma_lipidomic_differences_between_breast_cancer_patients_BRC_prior_to_initiation_of_the_aromatase_inhibitor_6f82827773.jpg" alt="Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(4), 1926: Figure 1. Global lipid network analysis of plasma lipidomic differences between breast cancer patients (BRC) prior to initiation of the aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy and patients receiving AI. Cytoscape-based network visualization illustrates lipid species grouped according to structural similarity and lipid class. Each node represents an individual lipid species, while edges indicate class-based relationships. Node size corresponds to the −log10 p-value from the Mann–Whitney U test, reflecting the statistical significance (−log p-Value &gt; 1.3) of differences between groups. Node color indicates the direction and magnitude of change, based on log2 fold change, with red representing higher abundance in AI-treated patients and blue representing higher abundance in patients before AI therapy. Major lipid classes, including glycerophospholipids (GPL), sphingolipids (SP), glycerolipids (GL), fatty acids (FA), and cholesteryl esters (CE), are shown to highlight coordinated class- and species-level lipidomic alterations. Fisher’s combined p-value for individual lipid classes is shown at the bottom (significant p-Value &lt; 0.05). " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Int_J_Mol_Sci_2026_27_4_1926_Figure_1_Global_lipid_network_analysis_of_plasma_lipidomic_differences_between_breast_cancer_patients_BRC_prior_to_initiation_of_the_aromatase_inhibitor_6f82827773.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="847"><h5>2.4. Multivariate Analysis of Plasma Lipidomic Profiles</h5>Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to the lipidomic dataset to assess global variation and group separation between the BRC and AI groups (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#fig_body_display_ijms-27-01926-f002">Figure 2</a>). PCA was performed as an unsupervised analysis, including all samples and quality control (QC) samples. The first two principal components explained 37.9% (PC1) and 15.6% (PC2) of the total variance, accounting for 53.5% of the cumulative variance. QC samples clustered tightly near the center of the PCA score plot, indicating analytical stability and reproducibility of the LC–MS measurements. In the PCA score plot, samples from the BRC and AI groups showed partial overlap, with no complete separation observed along the first two principal components. To further evaluate group discrimination, a supervised OPLS-DA model was constructed using the same dataset. The OPLS-DA score plot demonstrated improved separation between the BRC and AI groups along the first latent variable, with group-specific clustering highlighted by confidence ellipses. Permutation testing confirmed that the supervised OPLS-DA model was not overfitted, with a negative Q2 intercept (Q2 = −0.55), indicating that permuted models lacked predictive ability compared with the original model (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#app1-ijms-27-01926">Supplementary Figure S1</a>). Together, these multivariate analyses indicate differences in lipidomic profiles between the BRC and AI groups, while also demonstrating acceptable analytical performance as evidenced by the clustering of QC samples.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Int_J_Mol_Sci_2026_27_4_1926_Figure_2_Multivariate_analysis_of_plasma_lipidomic_profiles_in_breast_cancer_patients_BRC_56f65f265b.jpg" alt="Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(4), 1926: Figure 2. Multivariate analysis of plasma lipidomic profiles in breast cancer patients (BRC) prior to initiation of the aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy and patients receiving AI. Principal component analysis (PCA) score plot (a) shows the distribution of plasma lipidomic profiles from patients before AI therapy (BRC, blue), patients receiving AI therapy (AI, red), and quality control samples (QC, gray). Orthogonal partial least squares–discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plot (b) demonstrates improved separation between BRC and AI groups. The ellipse represents the 95% Hotelling’s T2 confidence interval. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Int_J_Mol_Sci_2026_27_4_1926_Figure_2_Multivariate_analysis_of_plasma_lipidomic_profiles_in_breast_cancer_patients_BRC_56f65f265b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="652"><h4>4. Materials and Methods</h4><h5>4.5. Lipidomic Analysis</h5>Chromatographic separation was performed using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=55&amp;search=ExionLC">ExionLC system</a> (SCIEX, Framingham, MA, USA) coupled to a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=55&amp;search=6500">QTRAP® 6500+ mass spectrometer </a>(SCIEX, Framingham, MA, USA). Lipids were separated on an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1953">ACQUITY Premier BEH C8 column</a> (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm; Waters Corporation, Wilmslow, UK). The column temperature was kept at 55 °C, and the autosampler was set to 10 °C. The mobile phases consisted of solvent A (acetonitrile/water, 6:4, v/v, containing 10 mM ammonium acetate) and solvent B (isopropanol/acetonitrile, 9:1, v/v, containing 10 mM ammonium acetate), delivered at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The total analytical run time was 20 min per sample. Data acquisition was carried out using Analyst software (version 1.6.2), and data processing and semiautomatic peak integration were performed with MultiQuant software (version 3.0; SCIEX, Framingham, MA, USA). Samples were analyzed in a randomized sequence with continuous monitoring of quality control samples. Raw peak areas were QC-normalized by LOESS [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B48-ijms-27-01926">48</a>] and IS-normalized by the corresponding IS class for each lipid.<h5>4.6. Statistical Analysis</h5>The data were processed using the Metabol package [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B48-ijms-27-01926">48</a>] in R program (v 3.6.3). Preprocessing of the data included locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS), Pareto scaling, filtering of analytes (coefficients of variation in the QC above 30%), mean centering, and the lnPQN normalization (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#app1-ijms-27-01926">Supplementary Table S1</a>) [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B49-ijms-27-01926">49</a>]. Univariate statistical analysis (based on the non-parametric non-paired Mann–Whitney U test (p-values shown as −log) together with the log2 fold-change in medians) was performed and visualized using GraphPad Prism (version 9.0, GraphPad Software, LLC, Boston, MA, USA). Data were also evaluated using multivariate statistical analysis, namely the principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal discriminant analysis by partial least squares (OPLS-DA) and validated by permutation using SIMCA software (version 18.0, Sartorius Umetrics, Umeå, Sweden). Benjamini–Hochberg correction was used for false discovery rate correction. Detected lipid species were mapped to standardized lipid classes and subclasses according to accepted lipidomics nomenclature, enabling consistent grouping of lipid species for downstream statistical, class-level, and network analyses. LipidOne 2.4 was further used to support lipid-centric data integration and visualization prior to multivariate and pathway-based analyses (such as heatmaps, ROC analyses using a Naive-Bayesian model and Logistic Regression model, and protein–protein interaction network based on lipidomics data) [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B50-ijms-27-01926">50</a>]. Lipid network visualization was performed using Cytoscape software (v 3.8.2) [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B51-ijms-27-01926">51</a>]. Differentially abundant lipid species were organized according to lipid class and structural similarity. Node size reflected the −log10 p-value from univariate analysis, while node color represented log2 fold change between groups. Calculation of Fisher’s combined probability test for assessing systematic lipid class-level differences was performed (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#app1-ijms-27-01926">Supplementary Table S2</a>) and calculated following procedures described previously [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B52-ijms-27-01926">52</a>].<h4>5. Conclusions</h4>In conclusion, our findings demonstrate significant alterations in lipid metabolism in BRC patients undergoing AI therapy, with pronounced changes in Cer, SM, DG, TG, PC, PI, and PE lipids and lipid classes. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the differences in lipid metabolism between patients before and during AI treatment remain to be fully elucidated. Future longitudinal studies with paired pre- and post-treatment samples from the same individuals leveraging comprehensive lipidomic profiling are needed to deepen our understanding of AI-induced metabolic alterations and to inform the development of targeted interventions aimed at mitigating adverse effects, ultimately improving long-term outcomes and quality of life for these patients.</div></div>

Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy Is Associated with Distinct Plasma Lipidomic Profiles in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients

Article

Video

Scientists

Environment

Health

Scientific article

Interview

Science and research

Everything from the world of analytical chemistry in one place. We connect people in solving their problems. At Labrulez you will find all the necessary information easily, quickly and clearly. Stop searching and start finding.

LabRulez

The Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovations of the Technical University of Liberec, also known as CXI TUL, was founded in 2009. Our mission is to support TUL's long-term vision of collaboration with industry and innovation.

CXI TUL

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

SIELC Samplify Automated sampling system

Samplify Is a device which allows unattended sampling of a reaction mixture or bioprocess or continue in line flow by taking small amount of liquid from the monitoring mixture and collecting it in a vial or a 96 wells plate

Samplify™ Is a device which allows unattended sampling of a reaction mixture or bioprocess or continue in line flow by taking small amount of liquid from the monitoring mixture and collecting it in a vial or a 96 wells plate. It also allows to dilute the sample with assigned dilution ratio and can provide reaction quenching to preserve the sample state at time of sampling. It has two main components: an autosampler and a probe. The Samplify™ &nbsp;controlled and setup by a PC software.<h3>Description</h3>It is a common task in the lab to periodically sample a reactor or a fermenter to obtain information about reaction kinetic, completion and have a tangible representation of intermediate states of a dynamic process. This usually done manually with pipettes or syringes, using stopwatch to measure time and requires to be in the lab during the entire process.With Samplify it can be done in automated mode. When an automated sampling process is used it increases accuracy, safety, and productivity. It reduces potential samples cross contamination, and exposure of the reaction mixture to oxygen or moisture, when anaerobic or moisture free conditions are required.<ul><li>Based on a proprietary alpha/beta mechanical configuration, Alltesta Miniature Autosampler and patent pending sample probe offers affordable and reliable automation for many analytical and liquid-handling applications.&nbsp;</li><li>Small controllable volume of sample can be programmed and precisely removed from the enclosed or open system. The sample will then be transferred to a vial with inert solvent with measured volume to create a controllable dilution factor.</li><li>A quench solution can be automatically preloaded in each vial to provide termination of reaction or biological process, and preserve sample content in the time of probing.</li><li>In order to effectively mix samples with diluents or quenching reagents a shaking capability of the autosampler tray can be initiated after each sample cycle.</li><li>PC based software allows quick, but flexible, setup of the sampling experiment. Several preloaded methods can be quickly adapted to a particular needs of the user.</li><li>For temperature sensitive samples the entire autosampler can be placed in the temperature controlled environment.</li><li>The device small size allow to place it close to the reactor and use short connection lines to minimize dispersion. Also a small cooler can be used to keep samples in cold conditions after they are collected.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/SIELC_SIELC_Samplify_Automated_sampling_system_937b70e8d2.jpg" alt="SIELC: SIELC Samplify™ Automated sampling system." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_SIELC_SIELC_Samplify_Automated_sampling_system_937b70e8d2.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1346" height="663"><h3>Specifications</h3><h4>Samplify™ Autosampler:</h4><ul><li>Syringe volume: 4.0 mL</li><li>Pressure: up to 250 psi</li><li>Valve configuration: 7×6</li><li>Power Requirements: 24 VDC</li><li>Current Requirements: Up to 1.0 A</li><li>Dimensions (WHL): 160 x 145 x 195 mm / 6.3 x 5.71 x 7.68 in</li><li>Weight: &nbsp;3 kg / 6.6 lb</li><li>Inlets/Outlets: Thread 10-32 UNF compression type</li><li>Materials in contact with liquid: SS316, PTFE, PEEK</li><li>Tray capacity: 48 vials 1.8 mL volume or 96 wells plate</li><li>Communication: USB virtual serial port</li></ul><h4>Samplify™ Probe:</h4><ul><li>Connection: requires Alltesta-Samplify autosampler</li><li>Dimensions: 1 x 1 inch, DIA ¼ inch. Immersion length up to 6 inch</li><li>Materials in contact with liquid: Stainless Steel 316 (316L), PEEK &amp; PTFE</li><li>Variable sample volume: from 5 to 500 µL</li><li>Max. working pressure: 120 psi (8 bar)</li><li>Max. working temperature: &nbsp;200 °C</li></ul><h3>Software</h3>The Samplify can be controlled:<ul><li>directly through your software via serial commands (Alltesta™ protocol available upon request, please contact us at support@sielc.com),</li><li>remotely through our cloud software (autosampler.cloud),</li><li>directly via our Samplify PC software, allowing to fully control all the parameters of the sampling operations</li></ul><h3>Available Custom Options</h3>Metal-free version of the syringe pump includes no metal contact pump head.

PBI Barocycler 2320EXT Sample Preparation System

The Barocycler 2320EXT is a compact, bench top instrument that can process up to 16 samples simultaneously using PCT MicroTubes.

<h4>For the PCT-HD Sample Preparation System</h4>Pressure Cycling Technology (PCT) is a unique, patented technology platform based on repeated cycles of hydrostatic pressure between ambient (14.7 psi) and ultra-high levels. These rapid changes in pressure are used to control biomolecular interactions for applications such as accelerated proteolytic digestion, and improved extraction of cellular components, including proteins and lipids. The PCT platform allows for a high degree of safety, speed, reproducibility, and convenience in modern sample preparation protocols.The PCT-HD Sample Preparation System is a proven PCT-based workflow for processing small tissue samples for proteomic and other applications. PCT-HD combines efficient, hands-off tissue homogenization and protein extraction with pressure-enhanced digestion, for rapid, efficient and reproducible generation of peptides for MS analysis. This unique workflow combines two of PBI’s innovative sample preparation tools: the Barocycler 2320EXT and our patentpending PCT MicroPestles. PCT-HD and the Barocycler 2320EXT can provide unprecedented speed and reproducibility for biomarker discovery, yielding peptides ready for clean-up and MS within 2-4 hours from the start of tissue processing.The Barocycler 2320EXT is a compact, bench top instrument that can process up to 16 samples simultaneously using PCT MicroTubes. Features that come standard with the 2320EXT include: data input and output options to accommodate validation and quality control; computer-operated control with touch screen programming and automatic data logging; and the ability to control multiple pressure cycling parameters, such as the rate of pressure increase/decrease, both the high and low pressure levels, and the shape of the pressure profile (e.g., sine wave, square wave, and others). In addition, the 2320EXT is available with a choice of two different methods for temperature control (an external circulating waterbath for heating and cooling, or a built-in electric heater).<blockquote>Patent Pending</blockquote><h4>The Barocycler 2320EXT</h4><ul><li>Computer-operated control with Touch Screen Interface</li><li>Pressure Range: ambient - 45,000psi (310 MPa)</li><li>Choice of temperature control - heating/cooling or heating only</li><li>Max Temperature: 95˚C</li><li>Min Temperature: 4˚C with circulating waterbath, ambient with electric heating</li><li>Insulated closure for easier use at high temperatures</li><li>Chamber capacity: up to 16 samples in MicroTubes</li><li>Easily accessible USB port on front panel</li><li>Requires 110psi input air pressure</li><li>Input air pressure can be provided by an air compressor, house air or nitrogen lines, air or nitrogen tanks.</li><li>Pressure medium: Distilled Water</li></ul><h4>Touch Screen Interface</h4>Pressure Profiles are programmed via an onboard touch screen, which can be connected to a network. The instrument is also equipped with a USB port that can be used to connect a mouse or keyboard to the 2320EXT.<ul><li>Pressure Mode Settings: Barocycler, Ramp, Waveform</li><li>Cycled or Static Pressure</li><li>Network Enabled</li><li>Automatic Logging of All Run Parameters</li><li>Data Output&nbsp;</li><li>Save and Record Programs</li><li>Real-time pressure display graph shows pressure and temperature throughout the run</li><li>Touch Screen Temperature Control (with electric heating option only)</li></ul><h4>MicroTubes and MicroPestles</h4>The 2320EXT comes with a full MicroTube Adapter Kit, that includes the MicroTube Cartridges, Capper Tool, and other accessories that are required when using PCT MicroTubes in the 2320EXT. PCT μPestles, used in conjunction with PCT MicroTubes in the Barocycler, are designed for rapid, hands-off homogenization and extraction when working with minute amounts of solid tissue. PCT MicroTubes and MicroPestles are an integral part of the PCT-HD workflow.<ul><li>Process up to 3mg of solid tissue in 30uL of extraction reagent</li><li>Process as few as 5 x 104 cells</li><li>MicroTubes are constructed of non-wetting, low binding FEP plastic</li><li>MicroPestles are made from inert PTFE (Teflon)</li></ul>

Trajan Mitra Microsampling Devices - Specimen bag

The Specimen Bag Mitra format is perfect for those looking to create their own collection kits for remote sampling or maintain bulk devices for centralized sampling in clinical or field settings.

<h3>About</h3>The Specimen Bag Mitra format is perfect for those looking to create their own collection kits for remote sampling or maintain bulk devices for centralized sampling in clinical or field settings.Each Specimen Bag is sealed and includes a barcoded Mitra device with a unique identifier and desiccant. After collection, the device is placed back into the Specimen Bag to facilitate quick drying and protect the sample from external contamination.If you need logistics help, bioanalytical lab services, or kitting support, we can connect you with experienced organizations that specialize in microsampling.<h4>Build Your Own Kits or Sample Large Cohorts Remotely</h4>With this format you can collect many samples in the field and ship them back to the lab in bulk. You may prefer to insert them into your own all-in-one kit.<ul><li>10, 20, &amp; 30 µL volumes</li><li>Protective outer casing</li><li>Barcoding to manage chain of custody</li><li>Packed in specimen bag with desiccant for transport &amp; storage</li></ul><h3>Specifications</h3><div class="tabs__tab txt--light tabs__tab--active" id="tab_17218576460536_2"><ul><li>Indication for Use: A single-use, non-sterile device used as a specimen collector, and for the storage and transport of blood and other biological fluids for analytical and diagnostic analyses.&nbsp;</li><li>Sampler Tip Volume: 10, 20, or 30uL&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li># of Samplers per Device: 2 or 4&nbsp;</li><li>Shelf Life: 18 months&nbsp;</li><li># Device per pack: 30/Pk</li><li>Pack content: Mitra Device, Specimen Bag with Desiccant, Sample ID Barcode, 1x IFU</li><li>Regulatory status: Mitra® devices are CE-IVD (IVDR) devices intended as a specimen collector, and for the storage and transport of blood and other biological fluids for analytical and diagnostic analyses. They are available as registered IVD Devices in the European Union and United Kingdom, Australia, Brazil, China, and Canada, as well as multiple Health Ministries worldwide. In the USA, Mitra devices are supplied as a research use only (RUO) product to assist in method development, other research-related and non-diagnostic activities. End-users and laboratories must validate the use of the Mitra devices for the particular diagnostic testing intended.</li></ul><h3>How to Use</h3><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/hubfs/NEOX_Content/IFUs/2023/Mitra%20Device%20Specimen%20Bag/VLBL-0125-Rrev00.pdf">Instructions for Use (RUO)</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/hubfs/NEOX_Content/IFUs/2023/Mitra%20Device%20Specimen%20Bag/VLBL-0125rev00.pdf">Instructions for Use (MD)</a></li></ul><h3>Resources</h3><ul style="list-style-type:disc;"><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/hubfs/NEOX_2022%20Mitra%20Collateral/Mitra%20Specification%20Sheet%20(3).pdf">Mitra Device Specification Sheet</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/hubfs/NEOX_Content/User%20Guides/Mitra%20User%20Guide%20Extracting%20&amp;%20Processing%20Microsamples.pdf">User Guide | How to Extract &amp; Process Mitra Microsamples</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/hubfs/NEOX_Content/Technical%20Briefs%20and%20Guidances/Long%20&amp;%20Short%20Term%20Storage%20of%20Mitra%20Samples_TG00010122.pdf">User Guide | How to Store Dried Mitra Microsamples</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/hubfs/GenTegraRNA-NEO%20for%20Mitra%20devices%20USER%20GUIDE%2011.15.23.pdf">User Guide | How to Stabilizer RNA on Mitra Microsamples with GenTegraRNA-NEO™</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/frequently-asked-questions?hsLang=en">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li></ul><h3>Mitra devices deliver tremendous ease &amp; value to specimen collection!</h3></div>Mitra® Microsampling Devices offer a streamlined, flexible, and decentralized approach to biological specimen collection. Enjoy the benefits of easier trial recruitment, increased adherence / compliance, elimination of cold-chain shipping / storage &amp; reduced reliance on trained staff.<h4>The gold-standard in remote specimen collection</h4>Powered by VAMS® technology, the patented Mitra® Microsampling Device offers a streamlined, flexible, and decentralized approach to biological specimen collection, transport, and preparation. Use Mitra to facilitate sampling direct from animals, humans, or tubes to collect precise, reliable dried microsamples compatible with a wide variety of downstream applications as evidenced by the hundreds of published peer-reviewed manuscripts and the millions of devices that have been used in the field.<h4>Mitra: pioneering VAMS technology</h4>Trajan’s proprietary VAMS® Technology is at the heart of the Mitra device, featuring a sampler tip crafted from a porous, hydrophilic polymeric material. This 'precision sponge' rapidly and consistently absorbs a specific volume of biological fluid—simply by contacting the source. The fluid is then allowed to dry acting as a stabilizer for most analytes.Available in three tip sizes—10, 20, and 30 µL— and multiple formats, Mitra devices meet diverse end-user and analytical needs. Configurations include dual (2) or quad (4) samplers across various formats.&nbsp; Collect from 20 µL to 120 µL per device based on format selected. Our team of expert microsampling consultants is on hand to provide scientific support, helping you choose the optimal format and workflow for your specific applications.<ul><li>Reliable: Quantitative sampling with pipette-like precision (RSD ≤ 5%). VAMS eliminates traditional blood hematocrit biases and results in extremely low in-lab sample rejection rates. No glue used in assembly, no matrix interferences.</li><li>Versatile: Collect biological fluids—blood, plasma, urine, saliva, and even tears—efficiently from humans and animals (e.g., finger, arm, knee, tail, etc.) or containers. Manual to fully automated workflows are available.</li><li>User-Friendly: 99% sample acceptance rate validated by studies. VAMS tip acts as a fill indicator to confirm successful sampling. Outer housing protects against contamination and facilitates easy remote or home sampling.</li><li>Cost-Effective: Eliminate phlebotomy, couriers, and cold-chain shipping / storage requirements. Devices are compatible with standard automated liquid handling systems and available in various formats to suit different budgets.</li></ul><h4>Successful uses</h4>Have you seen the published, 3rd party literature of how others have successfully implemented Mitra devices?<ul><li>Preclinical</li><li>Clinical Trials / Research</li><li>Therapeutic Drug Monitoring</li><li>Omics</li><li>Biomonitoring</li><li>Toxicology</li><li>Hormones / Steroids</li><li>Biomarkers</li><li>Vitamins</li><li>Allergens</li><li>Population Screening</li><li>Infectious Diseases</li></ul>

Trajan Mitra Microsampling Devices - Microsample collection kit

The Microsample Collection Kit Mitra format streamlines the blood microsampling process, enabling both assisted and self-collection at home or in the field.

<h3>About</h3>The Microsample Collection Kit Mitra format streamlines the blood microsampling process, enabling both assisted and self-collection at home or in the field. Each kit is equipped with device, barcoding for secure chain of custody, easy-to-follow instructions, all necessary finger-prick sampling supplies, and a return-mailing envelope, all packaged for global distribution. Ideal for remote blood collection, these kits ensure that samples can be directly sent to accredited labs for precise analysis.For customization to meet the demands of large-scale projects or to optimize your workflows and logistics, please consult with our <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/contact">Microsampling Consultants</a>. They will provide tailored recommendations to align with your project’s specific objectives.<h4>All-in-One Solution for Remote Specimen Collection</h4>Our Mitra devices can be packed in convenient kits with sterile components for safe sample collection. Kits can be shipped to your end-users.<ul><li>10, 20, &amp; 30 µL volumes</li><li>Protective outer casing</li><li>Barcoding to manage chain of custody</li><li>Packed in specimen bag with desiccant for transport &amp; storage</li><li>Contains devices &amp; supplies</li><li>Includes instructions for use &amp; return shipping envelope</li><li>Sized for easy global mailing</li></ul><h3>Specifications</h3><div class="tabs__tab txt--light tabs__tab--active" id="tab_1721774838869_2"><ul><li>Indication for Use: The Microsample Collection Kit is a single-use non-sterile procedure pack intended for the collection, storage and transport of capillary whole blood specimens of specified volume.</li><li>Sampler Tip Volume: 10, 20, or 30uL</li><li># of Samplers per Device: 2 or 4</li><li># Device per kit: 1/Pk</li><li>Pack content: 1x Mitra Device, 1x Specimen Bag with Desiccant, Sample ID Barcode, Lancet (x2 or x4), Gauze (x1 or x2), Bandage (x2 or x4), 1x Plastic Shipping Envelope, 1x IFU</li><li>Shelf Life: 18 months</li><li>Regulatory status: The Mitra Blood Sample Collection Kit is a procedure pack. The kits are available as registered Medical Device in the European Union and United Kingdom, Australia, Brazil, China, and Canada, as well as multiple Health Ministries worldwide. In the USA, procedure packs are supplied as a research use only (RUO) product to assist in method development, other research-related and non-diagnostic activities. End-users and laboratories must validate the use of the Mitra devices and Mitra Microsample collection kit for the particular diagnostic testing intended.</li></ul></div><h3>How to Use</h3><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/hubfs/NEOX_Content/IFUs/2023/Collection%20Kits/VLBL-0124-Rrev00.pdf">Instructions for Use (RUO)</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/hubfs/NEOX_Content/IFUs/2023/Collection%20Kits/VLBL-0124rev00.pdf">Instructions for Use (MD)</a></li></ul><h3>Resources</h3><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/hubfs/NEOX_2022%20Mitra%20Collateral/Mitra%20Specification%20Sheet%20(3).pdf">Mitra Device Specification Sheet</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/hubfs/Guidelines%20for%20Collecting%20Samples%20at%20Home-1.pdf">Guidelines for Collecting Samples at Home</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/hubfs/NEOX_Content/Technical%20Briefs%20and%20Guidances/Long%20&amp;%20Short%20Term%20Storage%20of%20Mitra%20Samples_TG00010122.pdf">User Guide | How to Store Dried Mitra Microsamples</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li></ul><div class="tabs__tab txt--light tabs__tab--active" id="tab_1721774838869_4"><h3>Mitra devices deliver tremendous ease &amp; value to specimen collection!</h3>Mitra® Microsampling Devices offer a streamlined, flexible, and decentralized approach to biological specimen collection. Enjoy the benefits of easier trial recruitment, increased adherence / compliance, elimination of cold-chain shipping / storage &amp; reduced reliance on trained staff.<h4>The gold-standard in remote specimen collection</h4>Powered by VAMS® technology, the patented Mitra® Microsampling Device offers a streamlined, flexible, and decentralized approach to biological specimen collection, transport, and preparation. Use Mitra to facilitate sampling direct from animals, humans, or tubes to collect precise, reliable dried microsamples compatible with a wide variety of downstream applications as evidenced by the hundreds of published peer-reviewed manuscripts and the millions of devices that have been used in the field.<h4>Mitra: pioneering VAMS technology</h4>Trajan’s proprietary VAMS® Technology is at the heart of the Mitra device, featuring a sampler tip crafted from a porous, hydrophilic polymeric material. This 'precision sponge' rapidly and consistently absorbs a specific volume of biological fluid—simply by contacting the source. The fluid is then allowed to dry acting as a stabilizer for most analytes.Available in three tip sizes—10, 20, and 30 µL— and multiple formats, Mitra devices meet diverse end-user and analytical needs. Configurations include dual (2) or quad (4) samplers across various formats.&nbsp; Collect from 20 µL to 120 µL per device based on format selected. Our team of expert microsampling consultants is on hand to provide scientific support, helping you choose the optimal format and workflow for your specific applications.<ul><li>Reliable: Quantitative sampling with pipette-like precision (RSD ≤ 5%). VAMS eliminates traditional blood hematocrit biases and results in extremely low in-lab sample rejection rates. No glue used in assembly, no matrix interferences.</li><li>Versatile: Collect biological fluids—blood, plasma, urine, saliva, and even tears—efficiently from humans and animals (e.g., finger, arm, knee, tail, etc.) or containers. Manual to fully automated workflows are available.</li><li>User-Friendly: 99% sample acceptance rate validated by studies. VAMS tip acts as a fill indicator to confirm successful sampling. Outer housing protects against contamination and facilitates easy remote or home sampling.</li><li>Cost-Effective: Eliminate phlebotomy, couriers, and cold-chain shipping / storage requirements. Devices are compatible with standard automated liquid handling systems and available in various formats to suit different budgets.</li></ul><h4>Successful uses</h4>Have you seen the published, 3rd party literature of how others have successfully implemented Mitra devices?<ul><li>Preclinical</li><li>Clinical Trials / Research</li><li>Therapeutic Drug Monitoring</li><li>Omics</li><li>Biomonitoring</li><li>Toxicology</li><li>Hormones / Steroids</li><li>Biomarkers</li><li>Vitamins</li><li>Allergens</li><li>Population Screening</li><li>Infectious Diseases</li></ul></div>

Trajan Mitra Microsampling Devices - 96-autorack

The 96-Autorack™ format is designed for laboratories to efficiently batch and process Mitra microsamples using a standard 96-well format.

<h3>About</h3>The 96-Autorack™ format is designed for laboratories to efficiently batch and process Mitra microsamples using a standard 96-well format. Compatible with most 1mL &amp; 2mL collection plates and 96-channel pipettors &amp; liquid handling workstations, the 96-Autorack enhances lab productivity and integration. We provide two options: an empty 96-Autorack, perfect for accessioning microsamples from Mitra devices received from the field for building plates, extractions, and long-term storage; and prefilled 96-Autoracks with 96 Mitra samplers, ideal for method development and handling calibrators and QCs.<h4>Accession &amp; Process Multiple Mitra Samples at Once</h4>This high-throughput solution allows you to rapidly process Mitra microsamples for method development, plate building, extractions - or all of the above!<ul><li>Racks available empty or filled with 96 microsamplers (10, 20, &amp; 30 µL volumes)</li><li>Filled racks come with a 2mL deep well storage plate</li><li>Compatible with 96-channel pipettors &amp; liquid-handling workstations</li><li>Options with &amp; without barcoding</li></ul><h3>Specifications</h3><div class="tabs__tab txt--light tabs__tab--active" id="tab_17217760014256_2"><ul><li>Indication for Use: A single-use, non-sterile device used as a specimen collector, and for the storage and transport of blood and other biological fluids for analytical and diagnostic analyses.&nbsp;</li><li>Sampler Tip Volume: 10, 20, or 30uL&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li># of Samplers per Device: 0 or 96&nbsp;</li><li># Device per pack: 1/Pk</li><li>Pack content: 1x 96-Autorack (empty or pre-filled), Sample ID Barcode, 1x Collection Plate, 1x IFU</li><li>Shelf Life: 18 months&nbsp;</li><li>Regulatory Status: Mitra® devices are CE-IVD (IVDR) devices intended as a specimen collector, and for the storage and transport of blood and other biological fluids for analytical and diagnostic analyses. They are available as registered IVD Devices in the European Union and United Kingdom, Australia, Brazil, China, and Canada, as well as multiple Health Ministries worldwide. In the USA, Mitra devices are supplied as a research use only (RUO) product to assist in method development, other research-related and non-diagnostic activities. End-users and laboratories must validate the use of the Mitra devices for the particular diagnostic testing intended.</li></ul><h3>How to Use</h3><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/hubfs/NEOX_Mitra%20IFUs/2024/VLBL-0098rev04.pdf">96-Autorack Instructions For Use (IVD)</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/hubfs/NEOX_Content/IFUs/2023/96%20autorack/VLBL-0098-Rrev01.pdf">96-Autorack Instructions For Use (RUO)</a></li></ul><h3>Resources</h3><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/hubfs/NEOX_Content/User%20Guides/Mitra%20User%20Guide%20Extracting%20&amp;%20Processing%20Microsamples.pdf">User Guide | How to Extract &amp; Process Mitra Microsamples</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/hubfs/NEOX_Content/Technical%20Briefs%20and%20Guidances/Long%20&amp;%20Short%20Term%20Storage%20of%20Mitra%20Samples_TG00010122.pdf">User Guide | How to Store Dried Mitra Microsamples</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/hubfs/GenTegraRNA-NEO%20for%20Mitra%20devices%20USER%20GUIDE%2011.15.23.pdf">User Guide | How to Stabilizer RNA on Mitra Microsamples with GenTegraRNA-NEO™</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.neoteryx.com/frequently-asked-questions?hsLang=en">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li></ul><h3>Mitra devices deliver tremendous ease &amp; value to specimen collection!</h3><div class="tabs__tab txt--light tabs__tab--active" id="tab_17217760014256_3"><div class="tabs__tab txt--light tabs__tab--active" id="tab_17217760014256_4">Mitra® Microsampling Devices offer a streamlined, flexible, and decentralized approach to biological specimen collection. Enjoy the benefits of easier trial recruitment, increased adherence / compliance, elimination of cold-chain shipping / storage &amp; reduced reliance on trained staff.<h4>The gold-standard in remote specimen collection</h4>Powered by VAMS® technology, the patented Mitra® Microsampling Device offers a streamlined, flexible, and decentralized approach to biological specimen collection, transport, and preparation. Use Mitra to facilitate sampling direct from animals, humans, or tubes to collect precise, reliable dried microsamples compatible with a wide variety of downstream applications as evidenced by the hundreds of published peer-reviewed manuscripts and the millions of devices that have been used in the field.<h4>Mitra: pioneering VAMS technology</h4>Trajan’s proprietary VAMS® Technology is at the heart of the Mitra device, featuring a sampler tip crafted from a porous, hydrophilic polymeric material. This 'precision sponge' rapidly and consistently absorbs a specific volume of biological fluid—simply by contacting the source. The fluid is then allowed to dry acting as a stabilizer for most analytes.Available in three tip sizes—10, 20, and 30 µL— and multiple formats, Mitra devices meet diverse end-user and analytical needs. Configurations include dual (2) or quad (4) samplers across various formats.&nbsp; Collect from 20 µL to 120 µL per device based on format selected. Our team of expert microsampling consultants is on hand to provide scientific support, helping you choose the optimal format and workflow for your specific applications.<ul><li>Reliable: Quantitative sampling with pipette-like precision (RSD ≤ 5%). VAMS eliminates traditional blood hematocrit biases and results in extremely low in-lab sample rejection rates. No glue used in assembly, no matrix interferences.</li><li>Versatile: Collect biological fluids—blood, plasma, urine, saliva, and even tears—efficiently from humans and animals (e.g., finger, arm, knee, tail, etc.) or containers. Manual to fully automated workflows are available.</li><li>User-Friendly: 99% sample acceptance rate validated by studies. VAMS tip acts as a fill indicator to confirm successful sampling. Outer housing protects against contamination and facilitates easy remote or home sampling.</li><li>Cost-Effective: Eliminate phlebotomy, couriers, and cold-chain shipping / storage requirements. Devices are compatible with standard automated liquid handling systems and available in various formats to suit different budgets.</li></ul><h4>Successful uses</h4>Have you seen the published, 3rd party literature of how others have successfully implemented Mitra devices?<ul><li>Preclinical</li><li>Clinical Trials / Research</li><li>Therapeutic Drug Monitoring</li><li>Omics</li><li>Biomonitoring</li><li>Toxicology</li><li>Hormones / Steroids</li><li>Biomarkers</li><li>Vitamins</li><li>Allergens</li><li>Population Screening</li><li>Infectious Diseases&nbsp;</li></ul></div></div></div>

Products focused on Sample Preparation distributed by Bioanalytic - page 1

Related content

Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy Is Associated with Distinct Plasma Lipidomic Profiles in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients

Science on the Front Lines: Cleanup of a Benzene Spill

The Future of Ion Chromatography | PFAS Testing, EPA 1621 & AOF Explained