<p><strong>Scientists at IOCB Prague are uncovering new details of gene transcription. They have identified a previously unknown molecular mechanism by which the transcription of genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into ribonucleic acid (RNA) can be initiated. The researchers focused on a specific class of molecules known as alarmones, which are found in cells across a wide range of organisms and whose levels often increase under conditions of cellular stress. The results were published in the prestigious scientific journal </strong><i><strong>Nature Chemical Biology</strong></i><strong>.</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_bc2bfffa6c.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague/Tomáš Belloň: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: Dr. Hana Cahová, head of the Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids research group." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_bc2bfffa6c.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1335"></p><div><p>Molecules of ribonucleic acid can carry a variety of chemical modifications at one end, known as caps. In eukaryotic organisms, including human cells, the best-known cap plays an important role in RNA stability and in regulating its subsequent fate. In recent years, however, it has become clear that alternative, non-canonical RNA caps also exist, although their formation and the mechanisms by which they are attached to RNA remain only partially understood. These include alarmone caps, formed by dinucleoside polyphosphate molecules, that protect cellular RNA at moments when the cell is under threat.</p><p>In their study,<strong> </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://cahova.group.uochb.cz/en"><strong>Dr. Hana Cahová</strong></a> and colleagues examined bacterial RNA polymerase and investigated how this enzyme can initiate transcription using dinucleoside polyphosphates (NpNs) instead of the standard RNA building blocks. For the first time, the scientists described, at the atomic level, how RNA bearing an alarmone cap can be generated directly at the initiation of gene transcription. They also observed that NpNs bind through a different type of base pairing than is typically observed.</p><p>The work was significantly shaped by <strong>Valentina Serianni from Hana Cahová’s team</strong>, who demonstrated the ability of dinucleoside polyphosphates to initiate gene transcription, and by <strong>Jana Škerlová</strong>, who focused on the structural analysis of RNA polymerase. Using cryogenic electron microscopy data, she showed how dinucleoside polyphosphate molecules bind within the active site of RNA polymerase – that is, the core of the enzyme where genetic information is transcribed. Together, their findings help to elucidate the processes that accompany the transcription of genetic information from DNA to RNA.</p><p>Hana Cahová adds: <i>“We’re describing something that truly occurs in cells and that we’re now able to observe directly at the level of individual molecules. This allows us to answer fundamental questions about cellular processes, such as how cells adapt to stress. RNA plays a central role in this, as it carries the cascade of information underlying any cellular response – for example, to threatening conditions caused by nutrient deprivation or temperature shock.”</i></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_2_0fe88ff9e9.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague/Tomáš Belloň: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: Dr. Tomáš Kouba, head of the Cryogenic Electron Microscopy core facility." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_2_0fe88ff9e9.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1335"></p><div><p>Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) was central to the project. This part of the work was led by<strong> Dr. Tomáš Kouba</strong>, one of the authors of the study. <i>“Cryogenic electron microscopy allows us to freeze biological molecules in a state very close to their natural form and then determine their three-dimensional structure. This makes it possible to look directly into the active centers of enzymes and observe their function down to the atomic level,”</i> he explains.</p><p>Last year, IOCB Prague opened a new <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://cryoem.group.uochb.cz/en"><strong>cryo-EM center</strong></a><strong> </strong>that is unique within the Czech research environment. State-of-the-art cryogenic electron microscopes are housed in a specially designed building and enable the study of biological processes with exceptional structural precision.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_3_4d881e7a58.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: This work shows how NpnNs initiate bacterial transcription. Cryo-EM reveals how nucleobases pair with the template: one in canonical and one in reverse Watson–Crick mode, providing a structural basis for their function as non-canonical RNA caps." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_3_4d881e7a58.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1077"></p><blockquote><h4><strong>The Original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41589-025-02134-5"><strong>Molecular insight into 5′ RNA capping with Np<sub>n</sub>Ns by bacterial RNA polymerase</strong></a></h4><p>Valentina M. Serianni, Jana Škerlová, Anna Knopp Dubánková, Anton Škríba, Hana Šváchová, Tereza Vučková, Anatolij Filimoněnko, Milan Fábry, Pavlína Řezáčová, Tomáš Kouba &amp; Hana Cahova&nbsp;</p><p>Nat. Chem. Biol. 21 (2026)</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-025-02134-5">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-025-02134-5</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><h4><strong>Abstract</strong></h4><p>RNA capped with dinucleoside polyphosphates has been discovered in bacteria and eukaryotes only recently. The likely mechanism of this specific capping involves direct incorporation of dinucleoside polyphosphates by RNA polymerase as noncanonical initiating nucleotides. However, how these compounds bind into the active site of RNA polymerase during transcription initiation is unknown. Here, we explored transcription initiation in vitro, using a series of DNA templates in combination with dinucleoside polyphosphates and model RNA polymerase from <i>Thermus</i> <i>thermophilus</i>. We observed that the transcription start site can vary on the basis of the compatibility of the specific template and dinucleoside polyphosphate. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of transcription initiation complexes with dinucleoside polyphosphates revealed that both nucleobase moieties can pair with the DNA template. The first encoded nucleotide pairs in a canonical Watson–Crick manner, whereas the second nucleobase pairs noncanonically in a reverse Watson–Crick manner. Our work provides a structural explanation of how dinucleoside polyphosphates initiate RNA transcription.</p></div></div>

Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription

<p><strong>Food adulteration is a phenomenon with a long history that has gained increasing importance in recent years due to the globalization of food supply chains and strong economic pressures. Whether it involves diluting olive oil with cheaper oils, adding sugar to honey, or the hidden use of substitutes in protein supplements, the result is a loss of consumer trust and, in some cases, a potential risk to health. Analytical chemistry plays a key role in this area by providing methods and technologies capable of identifying and quantifying target compounds as well as unwanted impurities in a wide range of food matrices.</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Praha_Falsovani_potravin_a_jak_ho_odhali_analyticka_chemie_6912db5492.jpg" alt="Watrex: Food Adulteration and How It Is Revealed by Analytical Chemistry" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Praha_Falsovani_potravin_a_jak_ho_odhali_analyticka_chemie_6912db5492.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="900"></p><h4><strong>The Role of Chromatography in Forensic Food Analysis</strong></h4><p>Chromatography, particularly liquid chromatography (HPLC), is one of the most effective analytical tools for separating complex mixtures of molecules. It enables:</p><ul><li>qualitative identification of individual components in a sample,</li><li>quantitative determination of their concentrations,</li><li>detection of impurities and unexpected components that may indicate<br>adulteration.</li></ul><p>In practice, HPLC is often combined with various types of detectors (UV/VIS, DAD, refractive index detectors) or with other techniques (e.g., mass spectrometry) to increase selectivity and sensitivity.</p><h4><strong>Isocratic vs. Gradient Elution</strong></h4><p>In the analysis of food samples, chromatographic methods are selected according to the analytical goal:</p><ul><li><strong>Isocratic HPLC </strong>uses a constant mobile phase composition throughout the analysis. It is simple, robust, and ideal for routine determinations of well-defined target analytes (e.g., sugars or vitamins).</li><li><strong>Gradient HPLC</strong> changes the mobile phase composition during separation, enabling better resolution of complex mixtures with a wide range of polarities (e.g., peptides or phenolic compounds).</li></ul><p>Gradient methods are particularly useful when analytes have very different properties and high separation efficiency is required.</p><h4><strong>Watrex Praha and the Contribution of Modern Systems to Food Analysis</strong></h4><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky_HPLCsystemy"><strong>Watrex Praha, s.r.o.</strong></a> is one of the leading Czech manufacturers and distributors of liquid chromatography systems and instruments, with a long tradition dating back to 1990. The company has successfully transformed from a distributor into a manufacturer of its own HPLC and related technologies, focusing on modular, robust systems suitable even for demanding analytical tasks.</p><p>Their <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?manufacturerItems=93&amp;search=streamline"><strong>Streamline™ product line</strong></a><strong> </strong>includes several HPLC system concepts suitable for food analysis:</p><ul><li><strong>Isocratic HPLC system</strong> – a simple yet precise configuration with a single pump, column thermostat, and UV/VIS detector; suitable for routine determination of known analytes (e.g., basic carbohydrates, food additives).</li><li><strong>Binary gradient HPLC system</strong> – equipped with two pumps enabling mobile phase gradient formation, which enhances separation performance for complex mixtures<br>(e.g., phenolic profiles of wine, components of aromatic extracts).</li><li><strong>GPC/SEC system (Gel Permeation / Size Exclusion Chromatography)</strong> – a specialized solution for the determination of macromolecules and polymers, also relevant for the analysis of high-molecular-weight components in foods (e.g., polysaccharides).</li></ul><blockquote><p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>👉</strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_catalog_2024_ba97395f92.pdf"><strong>Product catalogue HERE</strong></a></p></blockquote><p>Thanks to the modular nature of these systems, analysts can easily adapt the configuration to a specific analytical problem, from simple routine analyses to complex characterization of food samples.</p><h4><strong>Practical Examples of Adulteration Revealed by HPLC</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Detection of olive oil dilution: </strong>HPLC can separate and quantify characteristic triacylglycerols and fatty acids; unusual patterns indicate the presence of cheaper oils.</li><li><strong>Estimation of sugar addition in honey:</strong> Isocratic HPLC with a refractive index detector can determine sugar profiles (glucose, fructose, sucrose), revealing dilution or the addition of sugar syrups.</li><li><strong>Identification of aromatic adulterants in wine:</strong> Gradient HPLC with a PDA detector can reveal phenolic and aromatic profiles that are altered by the addition of synthetic compounds.</li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>Food adulteration remains a current issue that requires reliable and sensitive analytical methods. Liquid chromatography, and in particular modern HPLC systems, represent one of the most powerful tools for detecting unwanted additives, impurities, and unexpected components in complex food samples. Manufacturers such as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky_HPLCsystemy"><strong>Watrex Praha</strong></a> provide flexible chromatographic platforms covering a wide range of analytical tasks from simple isocratic to advanced gradient and GPC/SEC applications thereby supporting analysts in ensuring food quality and consumer protection.</p><blockquote><p>Did you find this article interesting? Follow <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky_HPLCsystemy"><strong>Watrex Praha</strong></a> on their social media (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/watrex/?viewAsMember=true"><strong>LinkedIn</strong></a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/WatrexPrague"><strong>Facebook</strong></a>) for more engaging topics.</p></blockquote>

Food Adulteration and How It Is Revealed by Analytical Chemistry

<p><strong>Join us for a fascinating conversation with Dr. Subhoja Chakraborty from the University of Central Florida, whose cutting-edge research targets the global challenge of malaria drug resistance. Dr. Chakraborty shares her journey from structure-based drug design during her PhD to her recent collaborative work repurposing human kinase inhibitors as rapid, selective antimalarials against drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains.</strong></p><h4><strong>In this episode, you'll learn:</strong></h4><ul><li>How structure-guided approaches reveal potential drug targets, including cysteine proteases like falcipain-2, and kinases implicated in malaria's complex life cycle.</li><li>The power of repurposing kinase inhibitors originally developed for cancer and other diseases, focusing on compound 12, which blocks hemozoin formation and protein kinase 6—key steps in parasite survival.</li><li>Lab techniques such as affinity, gel filtration, and size exclusion chromatography for recombinant protein purification—and how troubleshooting is crucial for high-yield, stable complexes.</li><li>Advances in mass spectrometry for characterizing protein interactions, validating drug targets, and mapping molecular pathways pivotal to malaria therapeutics.</li><li>Tips and lessons for new researchers facing the challenges of sample preparation, complex protocols, and working as part of a collaborative team.</li></ul><p>Dr. Chakraborty’s insights bridge the gap between basic science and translational drug discovery, offering hope for more effective, targeted malaria treatments in a world where resistance to frontline therapies threatens millions.</p><h4><strong>Referenced Papers:</strong></h4><ul><li>"Plasmodium falciparum protein kinase 6 and hemozoin formation are inhibited by a type II human kinase inhibitor exhibiting antimalarial activity" (Cell Chemical Biology, 2025)</li><li>"New insights of falcipain 2 structure from Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain" (BBRC, 2022)</li><li>"Structure-Based Optimization of Protease−Inhibitor Interactions to Enhance Specificity of Human Stefin‑A against Falcipain‑2 from the Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 Strain" (Biochemistry, 2023)</li></ul><p>If you’re a student, scientist, or simply passionate about advances in infectious disease research, this episode offers actionable insights, inspiring advice, and a front-row seat to innovation in combating malaria.</p><h3><strong>Video Transcription</strong></h3><h4><strong>From Structural Biology to Drug Discovery: Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry in Malaria Research</strong></h4><h5><strong>Introduction</strong></h5><p>In this discussion, Subhoja shares insights into her research journey, focusing on malaria drug discovery and the role of modern analytical techniques in biological and biomedical research. The conversation is aimed primarily at undergraduate students and early-career researchers interested in chemistry, biotechnology, and life sciences.</p><h5><strong>Research Focus: Malaria Drug Discovery and Kinase Targets</strong></h5><p>Subhoja is currently involved in malaria drug discovery research at the University of Central Florida, where she has been working since beginning her postdoctoral position two years ago. Her earlier PhD research focused on structure-based drug design in malaria, using a combination of in silico approaches, recombinant protein expression, and X-ray crystallography to determine precise three-dimensional structures of target proteins and their inhibitors.</p><p>This structural perspective provided a foundation for her current work, which centers on drug discovery through compound screening and repurposing. A recent publication from her laboratory explores the use of repurposed mammalian CDK-like kinase inhibitors as potential antimalarial agents. While such kinase inhibitors are well known in cancer and cardiovascular research, their application to malaria targets represents a novel and promising approach.</p><p>Kinases are attractive drug targets because of their central role in cell signaling and growth pathways. By targeting specific kinases involved in different stages of the malaria parasite life cycle—whether asexual growth, gametocytogenesis, or differentiation—it may be possible to significantly inhibit parasite growth and progression.</p><h5><strong>Chromatography in Protein Expression and Purification Workflows</strong></h5><p>Chromatography plays a critical role throughout Subhoja’s research. Her experience spans from basic chromatography techniques during her early training to advanced protein purification workflows using affinity chromatography, gel filtration (size exclusion chromatography), and ion exchange chromatography.</p><p>Recombinant proteins are routinely purified using affinity resins such as nickel or cobalt, followed by further purification to remove contaminants. Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) enables compact, stepwise purification workflows suitable for producing proteins for in vitro assays.</p><p>A recurring challenge in this process is the expression of high-molecular-weight proteins, which often accumulate in insoluble fractions or inclusion bodies. Careful selection of expression vectors, host systems, and induction conditions is therefore essential to maximize yield and solubility.</p><h5><strong>Integrating Size Exclusion Chromatography into the Workflow</strong></h5><p>Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is typically used after affinity purification to further improve protein purity. Following elution with imidazole or glutathione, desalting is required to prevent buffer components from interfering with downstream assays. This is often achieved using desalting columns such as G-25 or PD-10.</p><p>To remove lower-molecular-weight contaminants, finer SEC media—such as Superdex or Sephacryl columns—are employed. Concentration steps using molecular-weight cut-off filters are then applied to obtain the desired protein concentration for functional studies.</p><p>These iterative purification and troubleshooting steps are a routine part of protein biochemistry and reflect the importance of methodical optimization and careful validation.</p><h5><strong>The Role of Mass Spectrometry in Biomolecular Characterization</strong></h5><p>Mass spectrometry is a key analytical tool in Subhoja’s research pipeline, particularly for target identification and validation. In both malaria and cancer research, MS is used alongside chromatography, immunoprecipitation, and pull-down assays to study protein interactions and molecular recognition events.</p><p>Affinity-based mass spectrometry enables the identification of binding partners and interactors, whether studying proteins, long non-coding RNAs, or protein complexes. Techniques such as native MS, tandem affinity purification, and proximity labeling (e.g., TurboID-based workflows) provide deeper insights into molecular networks and signaling pathways.</p><p>These approaches are essential for understanding how candidate drug targets function within complex biological systems.</p><h5><strong>Sample Preparation Challenges in Biological Research</strong></h5><p>Sample preparation remains one of the most challenging aspects of biological experimentation. Whole-cell lysates contain proteases, nucleases, and other components that can rapidly degrade target molecules. Preventing degradation requires minimizing preparation time, maintaining low temperatures, and using appropriate inhibitor cocktails.</p><p>Reproducibility is also critical: biological experiments require multiple replicates, and variability is often unavoidable. Careful handling, protocol optimization, and continuous troubleshooting are essential to ensure reliable results, whether preparing samples for chromatography, mass spectrometry, sequencing, or immunoprecipitation.</p><h5><strong>Advances in Chromatography and MS for Malaria Research</strong></h5><p>Modern advances in chromatography and mass spectrometry significantly enhance malaria research by enabling precise target identification, quantification, and functional characterization. Drug discovery workflows begin with construct design and recombinant expression, followed by purification and interaction studies.</p><p>In malaria research, stage-specific parasite biology requires careful extraction and analysis of proteins from different life cycle stages. Tandem affinity MS, immunoprecipitation, and in vivo validation studies help confirm target relevance and therapeutic potential.</p><p>Recent work on repurposed kinase inhibitors has shown promising results, including inhibition of hemozoin formation—a key detoxification pathway for the malaria parasite—highlighting the potential of such compounds for further development.</p><h5><strong>Malaria, Drug Resistance, and Global Impact</strong></h5><p>Malaria remains a major global health burden, with over 600,000 deaths annually and widespread drug resistance complicating treatment. Artemisinin resistance, particularly associated with mutations in the K13 propeller domain, has driven the search for new targets and therapies.</p><p>During her PhD, Subhoja focused on falcipain-2, a cysteine protease involved in hemoglobin degradation within the parasite. This pathway is critical for parasite survival and has emerged as a promising drug target. Her work revealed that falcipain-2 operates within a larger protein complex responsible for hemoglobin processing and amino acid release.</p><p>Understanding these molecular mechanisms is essential for developing robust, stage-specific antimalarial strategies.</p><h5><strong>Advice for Early-Career Researchers</strong></h5><p>For researchers just starting out, Subhoja emphasizes the importance of hands-on experience. Working directly with cells, lysates, and analytical tools is essential for truly understanding experimental systems. Failure is an inherent part of research, and perseverance is key.</p><p>Motivation, teamwork, careful sample handling, and thorough preparation all contribute to long-term success. Reading extensively, critically evaluating one’s own work, and appreciating incremental progress are vital aspects of a sustainable research career.</p><p>Every successful experiment—no matter how small—represents meaningful progress and contributes to the broader goals of science and medicine.</p><h5><strong>Closing Remarks</strong></h5><p>The discussion highlights how interdisciplinary approaches combining chromatography, mass spectrometry, structural biology, and biochemistry are driving advances in malaria drug discovery. Through careful experimental design, analytical rigor, and collaborative teamwork, researchers can address complex biological challenges and contribute to global health solutions.</p><blockquote><p><strong>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</strong></p></blockquote><blockquote><h4><strong>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</strong></h4><p>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!</p><p>You can find <strong>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast </strong>in podcast apps:</p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL"><strong>Spotify</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185"><strong>Apple podcast</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography"><strong>podscan</strong></a></li></ul><p>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos"><strong>YouTube channel</strong></a></p></blockquote>

Affinity, Gel Filtration, Size Exclusion Chromatography: Repurposing Kinase Inhibitors for Malaria

Article

Product

Video

Scientists

Food

Interview

Science and research

The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague) is a leading scientific institution in the Czech Republic, recognized internationally. Its primary mission is basic research in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, organic and material oriented chemistry, chemistry of natural compounds, biochemistry and molecular biology, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. 

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

WATREX Prague is the distributor and producer of HPLC techniques in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Main Chromatografic and Related Techniques Supported: LC, GPC, IC, IEC, Automated SPE, LC Columns and special column packings, LC method development, Software development, Laboratory Robots.

Watrex Praha

Thermo Scientific Dionex IonPac CS20 IC Columns

Analyze inorganic cations and amines using the Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ IonPac™ CS20 ion chromatography (IC) columns.

<p><strong>Analyze inorganic cations and amines using the Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ IonPac™ CS20 ion chromatography (IC) columns. Designed to complement Dionex IonPac CS18 and Dionex IonPac CS19 columns, the Dionex IonPac CS20 columns provide a large separation window between monovalent and divalent cations. This allows most amines to elute after the alkali metals but before the alkaline earth metals, moving the amines away from matrix ions that would normally make quantitation difficult. Its selectivity makes the Dionex IonPac CS20 particularly useful for determining a variety of alkyl and alkanol amines.</strong></p><h5><strong>Superior performance in the separation of common inorganic cations and amines</strong></h5><ul><li>Use the high capacity Dionex IonPac CS20 to determine inorganic cations and amines including methylamines, ethylamines, ethanolamines, and alkanolamines in diverse sample matrices</li><li>Unique stationary phase functionalized with a combination of sulfonic, phosphonic, and carboxylic acid groups can tolerate acidic samples containing up to 100mM hydronium ion (pH 1) with minimum loss of performance</li><li>Operable over a wide temperature range (15-70°C) to facilitate method development and improve critical pair separations</li><li>Compatible with 100% organic solvents (acetonitrile and acetone) to enhance analyte solubility, modify column selectivity, and facilitate effective column clean-up</li></ul><h5><strong>Use with a high-pressure IC system</strong></h5><p>A high-pressure IC system, such as the Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ ICS-5000+ HPIC™, Dionex Integrion™ HPIC system, or the Dionex ICS-4000 Capillary HPIC system is required to operate this column under standard conditions.</p><h5><strong>Reduce operating costs with lower eluent requirements</strong></h5><p>The Dionex IonPac CS20 capillary columns provide the same performance as the standard bore and microbore Dionex IonPac CS20 columns because they are packed with the same material. Operating costs are reduced because the capillary system operates at only 1% of the eluent flow rate of the standard bore system, requiring less eluent and producing less waste.</p><h5><strong>Multiple Formats Available</strong></h5><ul><li>4x250mm and 2x250mm analytical columns</li><li>4x50mm and 2x50mm analytical guard columns</li><li>0.4x250mm capillary columns</li><li>0.4x50mm capillary guard columns</li><li>Smaller i.d. columns provide higher mass sensitivity, conserve eluent and reagents, and reduce operating costs</li></ul><h4><strong>Specifications</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Crosslinking: </strong>55% DVB</li><li><strong>Column Capacity:</strong> 3000 μeq</li><li><strong>For Use With (Application):</strong> Cation Exchange</li><li><strong>Max. Pressure:</strong> 5000 psi (345 bar)</li><li><strong>Solvent Compatibility:</strong> pH 0 to 7, 0 to 100% Organic HPLC Solvents, Alcohols Should be Avoided</li><li><strong>Stationary phase:</strong> Macroporous Resin</li><li><strong>Format:</strong> Standard Bore</li><li><strong>Packing Material: </strong>Ethylvinylbenzene/Divinylbenzene</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Dionex IonPac CS21-Fast-4μm IC Columns

Resolve quaternary amine cationic polar pesticides including chlormequat, mepiquat, paraquat, and diquat with the Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ IonPac™ CS21-Fast-4μm column. 

<p><strong>Resolve quaternary amine cationic polar pesticides including chlormequat, mepiquat, paraquat, and diquat with the Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ IonPac™ CS21-Fast-4μm column. The unique selectivity of the Dionex IonPac CS21-Fast-4μm column allows it to resolve trace amounts of cationic polar pesticides in high ionic strength matrices within approximately fifteen minutes using an electrolytically generated MSA gradient. Quaternary amines are eluted away from matrix cations, making the Dionex IonPac CS21-Fast-4μm column ideal for IC-MS/MS applications where matrix ions are diverted to waste.</strong></p><h5><strong>Superior Chromatographic Performance</strong></h5><ul><li>High capacity allows injection of complex matrices without overloading the column while maintaining excellent peak shapes for lower concentration analytes.</li><li>Quickly separate trace levels of the four major quaternary amine cationic polar pesticides chlormequat, mepiquat, paraquat, and diquat in high ionic strength matrices using an MSA gradient.</li><li>Separate other cationic pesticides of interest including diethanolamine, triethanolamine, N-N-dimethylhydrazine, trimethylsulfonium, morpholine, melamine, streptomycin, and nereistoxin.</li></ul><h5><strong>Specifically designed for IC-MS/MS applications</strong></h5><ul><li>Completely resolves paraquat and diquat, species with similar masses.</li><li>Available in microbore format that is compatible with MS flow rates.</li><li>Selectivity allows matrix ions to be diverted to waste which keeps the MS source cleaner.</li><li>Solvent compatible (up to 100% acetonitrile and 20% isopropyl alcohol).</li><li>Fast analysis of cationic polar pesticides in food, beverages, and environmental waters.</li></ul><h5><strong>Use with a High-Pressure IC system</strong></h5><p>A high-pressure IC system, such as the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/410"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ ICS-6000 HPIC system</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/408"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Integrion™ HPIC system</strong></a> is required to operate this column under standard conditions.</p><h4><strong>Specifications</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Crosslinking: </strong>80% DVB</li><li><strong>Column Capacity:</strong> 110 μeq</li><li><strong>For Use With (Application):</strong> Cation Exchange</li><li><strong>Max. Pressure:</strong> 5000 psi (345 bar)</li><li><strong>Solvent Compatibility:</strong> pH 0-7, HPLC solvents (100% acetonitrile and up to 20% isopropyl alcohol), primary and secondary alcohols should be avoided)</li><li><strong>Format:</strong> Microbore</li><li><strong>Packing Material:</strong> Ethylvinylbenzene/Divinylbenzene</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific SurePac Bio 550 SEC MDi HPLC Columns

SurePac™ Bio 550 SEC MDi™ column delivers high-resolution, reproducible AAV size-based separations with 3 μm silica, 550 Å pores, and bioinert hardware for optimal recovery and QC reliability.

<p><strong>Experience the future of Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) with SurePac™ Bio 550 SEC MDi™ analytical columns and guards exclusively designed to deliver robust and reproducible performance at high resolution and throughput to accelerate your therapeutics analysis process. The column's groundbreaking MDi™ technology integrates our advanced 3 μm monodisperse silica particle platform with bioinert hardware to ensure superior reliability for best sample recovery. SurePac™ Bio 550 SEC MDi™ column is ideal for AAV gene therapeutics analysis and offers excellent selectivity due to the dedicated smaller particle (3 μm) size combined with wide-pore (550Å) for separating monomeric AAVs from aggregates based on their size differences.</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Sure_Pac_Bio_550_SEC_M_Di_HPLC_Columns_3_8391a584e0.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific: SEM image of 3μm monodisperse silica particles (left) vs. 3 μm polydisperse particles (right)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Sure_Pac_Bio_550_SEC_M_Di_HPLC_Columns_3_8391a584e0.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1023" height="508"></p><p>SurePac Bio 550 SEC MDi columns and guards are based on high-purity, spherical, porous (550 Å), 3 μm monodispersed silica particles that are covalently modified with a proprietary diol hydrophilic layer. This unique design yields shorter diffusion distances and enhanced reproducible mass transfer and narrower peaks. The consistent size of these particles facilitates precise control over media synthesis and column packing, significantly improving column-to-column and lot-to-lot reproducibility. The columns are housed in a hydrophilic bioinert-coated stainless-steel hardware to eliminate secondary interactions, ensuring optimal performance during the initial injection process.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Sure_Pac_Bio_550_SEC_M_Di_HPLC_Columns_043f131056.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific: SurePac Bio 550 SEC MDi HPLC Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Sure_Pac_Bio_550_SEC_M_Di_HPLC_Columns_043f131056.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="650" height="650"></p><ul><li>Ideal for AAV gene therapy characterization and quality control assessment due to selectivity of the dedicated smaller particle (3 μm) combined with wide-pore (550Å) size</li><li>Superior column-to-column and lot-to-lot reproducibility eliminates column variability as a concern in stability and QA/QC testing</li><li>High-efficiency peaks with excellent recovery</li><li>Higher resolution and throughput for fast turnaround time without sacrificing performance</li><li>Bioinert hardware to eliminate analyte adsorption</li></ul><h4><strong>Specifications</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Max. Pressure: </strong>3500 psi (241 bar)</li><li><strong>Packing Material:</strong> Monodisperse Silica Resin</li><li><strong>Flow Rate: </strong>0.6 mL/min</li><li><strong>Temperature:</strong> 20°C to 60°C</li><li><strong>Phase:</strong> Size Exclusion</li><li><strong>Particle Size: </strong>3 μm</li><li><strong>pH: </strong>2 to 8</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific SureSTART Vials and Well Plates Collection

Start your analysis with confidence using SureSTART vials, caps, well plates, and kits—offering full compatibility, quality materials, and performance across three levels.

<h4><strong>Streamlined choice. Trusted quality.</strong></h4><p><strong>Start your analysis with confidence using Thermo Scientific™ SureSTART™ vials, caps, inserts, well plates, mats, and certified kits designed to meet your analytical, regulatory, and performance requirements. With full instrument compatibility, high material quality, and consistent performance across three defined levels, the SureSTART collection offers a smarter way to choose the right sample containment solution for your workflow.</strong></p><h3><strong>Why choose SureSTART?</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Proven reliability</strong>: Every product is manufactured and certified to meet physical specifications—no weak links in your workflow.</li><li><strong>Clear selection</strong>: Three performance levels help you balance sensitivity, robustness, and cost, now visually marked with one, two, or three waves on the vial.</li><li><strong>Universal compatibility</strong>: Designed for seamless integration with all major GC, HPLC/UHPLC, and MS autosamplers across all vendors.</li><li><strong>Certified cleanliness</strong>: Products are manufactured using the purest glass and plastics with low extractables and leachables, including GOLD-grade and silanized glass.</li><li><strong>Maximum sample integrity</strong>: Minimize analyte loss and background peaks with precision-engineered sealing, surface chemistry, and material composition.</li><li><strong>Bulk savings &amp; simplified inventory</strong>: Available in multiple pack sizes, performance levels, and formats to support your lab’s needs and budget.</li></ul><h3><strong>The Three Performance Levels</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Level 1 – Everyday analysis</strong>: For general-purpose GC/HPLC detection (e.g. UV/Vis, FID, RI). These chromatography-approved products are ideal for routine analyses with cost-efficiency in mind.</li><li><strong>Level 2 – High-throughput analysis</strong>: Designed for regulated labs requiring robust and reproducible data, especially when using MS detectors for routine quantification.</li><li><strong>Level 3 – High performance</strong>: For the most sensitive and selective analyses near the method detection limit. Packed in cleanroom environments and made with ultra-pure materials for maximum sample security and MS compatibility.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Sure_START_Vials_and_Well_Plates_Collection_5a8b0da936.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific SureSTART Vials and Well Plates Collection: Three performance levels help you balance sensitivity, robustness, and cost, now visually marked with one, two, or three waves on the vial." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Sure_START_Vials_and_Well_Plates_Collection_5a8b0da936.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1182" height="270"></p><h3><strong>SureSTART Certified Vial and Cap Kits</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Specification Certified</strong>: Routine analyses – Certified for physical specifications; no individual certificate.</li><li><strong>LC/GC Certified</strong>: Chromatography-grade – Tested for 15 physical parameters with LC-UV &amp; GC-FID; certificate included.</li><li><strong>MSCERT</strong>: For LC-MS/GC-MS – Certified low-adsorption kits tested with MS; includes SureStop™ vials with AVCS™ caps.</li><li><strong>MSCERT+</strong>: For trace-level MS or DIA – Pre-cleaned, tested with LC-MS/GC-MS, and sold only as kits to ensure purity.</li><li><strong>Application Certified</strong>: Pre-matched kits for specific instruments or validated applications.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Sure_START_Vials_and_Well_Plates_Collection_2_fef6049d71.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific SureSTART Vials and Well Plates Collection: There are several factors to consider when choosing a vial or well plate for your application. The table below will help guide you through this process to determine what type of product/performance level is most suitable for your application requirements." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Sure_START_Vials_and_Well_Plates_Collection_2_fef6049d71.jpg 204w," sizes="100vw" width="1515" height="1159"></p><h3><strong>SureSTART Well Plates and Mats</strong></h3><p>Thermo Scientific™ WebSeal™ well plates are ideal for laboratories seeking to increase autosampler capacity, reduce solvent usage, and streamline high-throughput workflows. Available in <strong>96- and 384-well formats</strong>, they offer a certified alternative to traditional vials and are fully compatible with automated SPE/SLE platforms.</p><ul><li><strong>Space-saving efficiency</strong>: Replace vials with well plates to increase sample capacity up to 8× and reduce storage footprint.</li><li><strong>Flexible performance levels</strong>:<ul><li><strong>Level 1: Standard plates for routine</strong>, non-regulated use (GC-tested).</li><li><strong>Level 2: Low-bleed plates and high-performance mats</strong>, validated for LC-MS/GC-MS.</li><li><strong>Level 3: Premium WebSeal Plate+</strong> with glass-coated plastic wells—ideal for trace analytes and protein adsorption control.</li></ul></li><li><strong>Solvent stability and clean sample contact</strong>: WebSeal Plate+ uses nanolayered silicon dioxide for minimal extractables and ultra-low adsorption.</li><li><strong>Compatible sealing options</strong>:<ul><li><strong>Silicone mats: </strong>For long-term storage and consistent results.</li><li><strong>Pre-slit mats: </strong>For autosampler injection without evaporation or contamination.</li><li><strong>Adhesive seals: </strong>For single-use workflows and re-sealing options with cavity protection.</li></ul></li></ul><p>Whether you work with polar solvents, proteins, or trace-level analyses, SureSTART well plates and sealing accessories help you optimize throughput, precision, and data confidence across all chromatography workflows.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Sure_START_Vials_and_Well_Plates_Collection_3_abce3dd960.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific SureSTART Vials and Well Plates Collection: Selecting the perfect Thermo Scientific WebSeal well plates and mats for your chromatography requirements is easy using our selector tools and resources." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Sure_START_Vials_and_Well_Plates_Collection_3_abce3dd960.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1516" height="902"></p>

Thermo Scientific QuEChERS Sample Preparation Kits

QuEChERS is a versatile sample preparation method for analyzing pesticides, veterinary drugs, and other residues in various sample types before GC-MS or LC-MS analysis.

<div><div><div><h3><strong>QuEChERS sample preparation—now easier, more convenient, and affordable</strong></h3><p><strong>QuEChERS</strong> (<strong><u>Q</u></strong><u>u</u>ick, <strong><u>E</u></strong>asy, <strong><u>C</u></strong>heap, <strong><u>E</u></strong>ffective, <strong><u>R</u></strong>ugged, and <strong><u>S</u></strong>afe)is a <strong>sample preparation method</strong> that was initially developed in 2003 for <strong>analyzing veterinary drugs in food</strong>. The method was also tested for <strong>pesticide residue analysis in plant material</strong> with great success. In 2003, the <strong>detailed method was published</strong> in the journal AOAC International. Since then, the QuEChERS method has evolved into a <strong>sample preparation technique used on a variety of analytes</strong> in an <strong>expanding number of sample types</strong> before analysis by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/cz/en/home/industrial/mass-spectrometry/gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-gc-ms.html"><strong>GC-MS</strong></a><strong> or </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/cz/en/home/industrial/mass-spectrometry/liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-lc-ms.html"><strong>LC-MS</strong></a>.</p><p><strong>Thermo Scientific QuEChERS kits</strong> contain <strong>pre-packaged, ready-weighed salts, sorbents, and buffers</strong> to <strong>streamline your workflow</strong> and <strong>minimize the potential for error</strong>. The kits are grouped according to your <strong>analytes of interest</strong>, <strong>sample matrix</strong>, and <strong>preferred QuEChERS method</strong>:</p><ul><li><strong>Original 2003 Method</strong></li><li><strong>AOAC 2007.01 Method</strong></li><li><strong>EN 15662 Method</strong></li><li><strong>NY/T 1380-2007 Method</strong></li></ul><p><strong>Complete packages</strong>—including both <strong>extraction and clean-up kits</strong>—are available. <strong>Extraction-only and cleanup-only kits</strong> are also offered to suit your laboratory’s sample preparation needs. These <strong>pre-packaged kits save time and money</strong>, make QuEChERS procedures <strong>easier and more convenient</strong>, and ensure <strong>quality to yield reproducible results</strong> and <strong>excellent recoveries</strong> for a wide variety of analytes.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Qu_E_Ch_ERS_Sample_Preparation_Kits_2_1e99f0c81b.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific QuEChERS Sample Preparation Kits" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Qu_E_Ch_ERS_Sample_Preparation_Kits_2_1e99f0c81b.jpg 217w," sizes="100vw" width="891" height="640"></p><h3><strong>Typical QuEChERS workflow</strong></h3><div><div><div><div><div><p>As shown in the workflow diagram below, the <strong>QuEChERS method has four basic steps</strong>:</p><ol><li><strong>Homogenize sample</strong> (fruit or vegetable)</li><li><strong>Extract analytes of interest</strong> from a sample using <strong>extraction salts</strong> (pesticide residues, veterinary drugs, and/or mycotoxins)</li><li><strong>Clean-up the resulting supernatant</strong> using <strong>dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE)</strong></li><li><strong>Analyze by GC-MS or LC-MS</strong></li></ol><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Qu_E_Ch_ERS_Sample_Preparation_Kits_496491ceff.jpeg" alt="Thermo Scientific QuEChERS Sample Preparation Kits" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Qu_E_Ch_ERS_Sample_Preparation_Kits_496491ceff.jpeg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1170" height="706"></p><div><h3><strong>QuEChERS products</strong></h3></div><div><h4><strong>QuEChERS extraction kits for original 2003 method</strong></h4></div><div><p>The <strong>original QuEChERS method</strong> (Anastassiades et al, 2003) was developed by <strong>Steven J. Lehotay and Michelangelo Anastassiades</strong> in 2003 for the <strong>determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables</strong>. The original method was created to <strong>analyze non-base-sensitive compounds</strong> and uses a <strong>sodium chloride buffer</strong> to <strong>reduce polar interferences</strong> and <strong>enhance extraction</strong>. <strong>Buffering</strong> is an important part of the QuEChERS procedure because it <strong>allows for analysis of pesticides and other residues</strong> that display <strong>pH dependence in their recoveries</strong>, depending on the <strong>sample matrix</strong>. <strong>Three different extraction kits</strong> are available to support the <strong>original 2003 QuEChERS method</strong>.</p><h5><strong>Chemicals used in the original 2003 method</strong></h5></div><ul><li><strong>Acetonitrile:</strong> Used to perform single-phase extraction (SPE) on a sample</li><li><strong>Anhydrous MgSO₄:</strong> Induces phase separation between water content in sample and acetonitrile layer during liquid-liquid partitioning step; removes remaining water from sample during dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) step</li><li><strong>NaCl:</strong> Induces phase separation between water content in sample and acetonitrile layer during liquid-liquid partitioning step; removes residual water from sample; reduces polar interference and enhances extraction</li><li><strong>PSA:</strong> Primary secondary amine, used to remove polar matrix components, citric co-extractives, and free fatty acids, from sample during dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) step</li></ul><div><h4><strong>QuEChERS extraction and clean-up kits for AOAC 2007.01 method</strong></h4><p>The <strong>AOAC 2007.01 QuEChERS Method</strong> was developed by <strong>Steven J. Lehotay and his co-workers</strong>, who <strong>modified the original 2003 method</strong> to accommodate the use of <strong>acetate buffering at higher concentration</strong> for <strong>greater buffering strength</strong>. <strong>Buffering</strong> is an important part of the QuEChERS procedure because it <strong>allows for analysis of pesticides and other residues</strong> that display <strong>pH dependence in their recoveries</strong>, depending on the <strong>sample matrix</strong>. These <strong>extraction and clean-up products</strong> here support the <strong>AOAC 2007.01 method</strong>.</p><div><h5><strong>Chemicals used in the AOAC 2007.01 method</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Acetonitrile:</strong> Used to perform single-phase extraction on a sample</li><li><strong>Anhydrous MgSO₄:</strong> Induces phase separation between water content in sample and acetonitrile layer during liquid-liquid partitioning step; removes remaining water from sample during dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) step</li><li><strong>NaOAc:</strong> Buffers the sample to stabilize pH</li><li><strong>PSA:</strong> Primary secondary amine, used to remove polar matrix components, citric co-extractives, and free fatty acids, from sample during dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) step</li><li><strong>C18:</strong> Removes fats, sterols, and other non-polar interferences from sample</li><li><strong>GCB:</strong> Graphitized carbon black, removes pigment (<i>not recommended for use with planar pesticides</i>)</li></ul><div><h4><strong>QuEChERS extraction and clean-up kits for EN 15662 method</strong></h4><p>The <strong>extraction and clean-up products</strong> here support the <strong>EN 15662 method</strong>. <strong>Widely used in Europe</strong>, the EN 15662 method was developed by <strong>Michelangelo Anastassiades and co-workers</strong>, who <strong>modified the original 2003 method</strong> to accommodate the use of <strong>citrate buffering at a relatively low buffering capacity</strong>. This variation uses a <strong>sodium chloride buffer</strong> to <strong>minimize polar interferences</strong> in addition to <strong>sodium citrate dihydrate</strong> and <strong>disodium citrate sesquihydrate buffers</strong>. <strong>Buffering</strong> is an important part of the QuEChERS procedure because it <strong>allows for analysis of pesticides and other residues</strong> that display <strong>pH dependence in their recoveries</strong>, depending on the <strong>sample matrix</strong>.</p><h5><strong>Chemicals used in the EN 15662 method</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Acetonitrile:</strong> Used to perform single-phase extraction on a sample</li><li><strong>Anhydrous MgSO₄:</strong> Induces phase separation between water content in sample and acetonitrile layer during liquid-liquid partitioning step; removes remaining water from sample during dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) step</li><li><strong>NaCl:</strong> Induces phase separation between water content in sample and acetonitrile layer during liquid-liquid partitioning step; removes residual water from sample</li><li><strong>Trisodium Citrate:</strong> Buffers the sample to stabilize pH</li><li><strong>Disodium Citrate Sesquihydrate:</strong> Buffers the sample to stabilize pH</li><li><strong>PSA:</strong> Primary secondary amine, used to remove polar matrix components, citric co-extractives, and free fatty acids, from sample during dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) step</li><li><strong>C18:</strong> Removes fats, sterols, and other non-polar interferences from sample</li><li><strong>GCB:</strong> Graphitized carbon black, removes pigment (<i>not recommended for use with planar pesticides</i>)</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Scientific_Qu_E_Ch_ERS_Sample_Preparation_Kits_3_721562526f.jpg" alt="Thermo Scientific QuEChERS Sample Preparation Kits" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Scientific_Qu_E_Ch_ERS_Sample_Preparation_Kits_3_721562526f.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1471" height="488"></p><div><h4><strong>QuEChERS clean-up kit for NY/T 1380-2007 method</strong></h4></div><div><p>The <strong>NY/T 1380-2007 method</strong> is <strong>recommended by China Ministry of Agriculture</strong> for the <strong>QuEChERS Method sample preparation</strong> of <strong>51 specific pesticide residues</strong> in <strong>fruits and vegetables</strong> with <strong>analysis by GC-MS</strong>.</p><h5><strong>Chemicals used in the NY/T 1380-2007 method</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Anhydrous MgSO₄:</strong> Induces phase separation between water content in sample and acetonitrile layer during liquid-liquid partitioning step; removes remaining water from sample during dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) step</li><li><strong>PSA:</strong> Primary secondary amine, used to remove polar matrix components, citric co-extractives, and free fatty acids, from sample during dSPE step</li><li><strong>C18:</strong> Removes fats, sterols, and other non-polar interferences from sample</li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD C18 Selectivity HPLC Columns

Achieve exceptional peak shape and resolution for your HPLC and LC/MS applications with Thermo Scientific™ Hypersil GOLD™ HPLC columns. 

<p><strong>Achieve exceptional peak shape and resolution for your HPLC and LC/MS applications with Thermo Scientific™ Hypersil GOLD™ HPLC columns.</strong> These endcapped, ultrapure, silica-based columns deliver significant reduction in peak tailing using generic gradients with C18 selectivity. With their excellent resolution, efficiency, and sensitivity, Hypersil GOLD columns give you confidence in the accuracy and quality of your analytical data.</p><h5><strong>Novel Bonding</strong></h5><ul><li>Proprietary derivatization and endcapping</li><li>C18 (USP L1) selectivity</li></ul><h5><strong>pH Stability</strong></h5><ul><li>Robust performance at high pH</li><li>Excellent column stability at low pH</li></ul><h5><strong>Flexible Formats</strong></h5><ul><li>Javelin HTS columns for high-throughput screening</li><li>Semi-preparative columns with 12 μm particles available</li></ul><h4><strong>About the Hypersil GOLD Family of HPLC Columns</strong></h4><p>Meet the challenges of modern chromatography with state-of-the-art columns that provide outstanding performance and consistent separations. Twelve different column chemistries are available so you can optimize separations and maximize productivity. Get outstanding peak shapes in reversed phase, ion exchange, HILIC, or normal phase chromatography.</p><ul><li>Excellent peak symmetry</li><li>Narrow peaks for outstanding efficiency</li><li>Enhanced sensitivity and improved resolution</li><li>Exceptional reproducibility for reliable chromatography, column after column</li><li>Solutions for high-throughput screening</li><li>1.9, 3, and 5 μm particle sizes for all your separation needs</li></ul><h4><strong>Specifications</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Endcapped:</strong> Yes</li><li><strong>For Use With:</strong> LC/MS</li><li><strong>Max. Pressure: </strong>5800 psi (400 bar)</li><li><strong>Packing Material:</strong> Spherical, Fully Porous, Ultrapure Silica</li><li><strong>Stationary Phase:</strong> C18 Selectivity</li><li><strong>Surface Area:</strong> 220 m²/g</li><li><strong>Temperature:</strong> 60°C</li><li><strong>USP Type: </strong>L1</li><li><strong>Carbon Load</strong>: 11%</li><li><strong>Phase:</strong> Reversed Phase</li><li><strong>Pore Size: </strong>175 Å</li><li><strong>pH: </strong>1 to 11</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Accucore RP-MS HPLC Columns

Optimized for MS detection, Thermo Scientific™ Accucore™ RP-MS LC Columns are an excellent combination of speed and quality of separation.

<p><strong>Optimized for MS detection, Thermo Scientific™ Accucore™ RP-MS LC Columns are an excellent combination of speed and quality of separation.</strong></p><p>Based on Core Enhanced Technology, Accucore columns provide fast, high-resolution separations—without the elevated backpressures required by sub-2μm particles.</p><ul><li>Fast separations with excellent resolution and sensitivity</li><li>Lower backpressures so that UHPLC is not required</li><li>Optimized for MS detection</li><li>Excellent peak shapes</li><li>Excellent combination of speed and efficiency</li></ul><h4><strong>Specifications</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Endcapped:</strong> Yes</li><li><strong>For Use With:</strong> HPLC</li><li><strong>Max. Pressure: </strong>14500 psi (1000 bar)</li><li><strong>Packing Material:</strong> Spherical, Solid Core, Ultrapure Silica</li><li><strong>Particle Shape:</strong> Spherical Solid Core</li><li><strong>Stationary Phase:</strong> Proprietary</li><li><strong>Surface Area:</strong> 130 m²/g</li><li><strong>Temperature:</strong> 60°C</li><li><strong>USP Type: </strong>N/A</li><li><strong>Carbon Load</strong>: 7%</li><li><strong>Phase:</strong> Reversed Phase</li><li><strong>Pore Size: </strong>80 Å</li><li><strong>pH: </strong>2 to 9</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Accucore aQ C18 Polar Endcapped HPLC Columns

Separate polar compounds with improved speed and resolution using Thermo Scientific™ Accucore™ aQ C18 Polar Endcapped LC columns.

<p><strong>Separate polar compounds with improved speed and resolution using Thermo Scientific™ Accucore™ aQ C18 Polar Endcapped LC columns. Rugged 2.6μm solid-core particles enable fast, high-efficiency separations at low backpressures.</strong></p><p>The polar endcapped C18 stationary phase provides optimal retention of polar analytes and is fully compatible with 100% aqueous mobile phases. Robust bonding technology and automated packing procedures ensure excellent reproducibility and long column lifetimes.</p><h5><strong>Alternative Selectivity</strong></h5><ul><li>Polar endcapped C18 stationary phase provides optimum retention of polar analytes</li><li>Accucore aQ Columns are compatible with highly aqueous mobile phases.</li><li>Polar encapping allows use in 100% aqueous mobile phases without loss of performance or stability.</li></ul><h5><strong>Fast Separations</strong></h5><ul><li>2.6μm core-enhanced technology particles enable operation at high flow rates without generating excessive backpressures.</li></ul><h5><strong>Excellent Peak Shapes for Enhanced Resolution and Sensitivity</strong></h5><ul><li>Solid-core 2.6μm particles and narrow particle size distribution reduce band broadening and improve separation efficiencies.</li><li>High surface coverage of silica minimizes secondary interactions and peak tailing.</li></ul><h5><strong>Low Backpressures</strong></h5><ul><li>Solid-core 2.6μm particles for less backpressure compared to UHPLC sub-2μm particles</li><li>Compatible with conventional HPLC instrumentation and UHPLC platforms</li></ul><h5><strong>Excellent Reproducibility and Robustness</strong></h5><ul><li>Advanced bonding technology</li><li>Automated packing process</li></ul><h4><strong>Specifications</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Endcapped:</strong> Polar</li><li><strong>Max. Pressure: </strong>14500 psi (1000 bar)</li><li><strong>Packing Material:</strong> Spherical, Solid Core, Ultrapure Silica</li><li><strong>Particle Shape:</strong> Spherical Solid Core</li><li><strong>Stationary Phase:</strong> C18</li><li><strong>Surface Area:</strong> 130 m²/g</li><li><strong>Temperature:</strong> 70°C</li><li><strong>USP Type: </strong>L1</li><li><strong>Carbon Load</strong>: 9%</li><li><strong>Phase:</strong> Reversed Phase</li><li><strong>Pore Size: </strong>80 Å</li><li><strong>pH: </strong>2 to 9</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Accucore Polar Premium HPLC Columns

Achieve fast, high-resolution separations of polar and nonpolar analytes using Thermo Scientific™ Accucore™ Polar Premium LC columns.

<p><strong>Achieve fast, high-resolution separations of polar and nonpolar analytes using Thermo Scientific™ Accucore™ Polar Premium LC columns. Rugged 2.6μm solid-core particles enable fast, high-efficiency separations at low backpressures.&nbsp;</strong></p><p>The robust amide-embedded C18 stationary phase provides unique selectivity complementary to conventional C18 columns, is stable from pH 1.5–10, and is fully compatible with highly aqueous mobile phases. Robust bonding technology and automated packing procedures ensure excellent reproducibility and long column lifetimes.</p><h5><strong>Alternative Selectivity</strong></h5><ul><li>Polar embedded reverse phase material offers complementary selectivity to standard C18 columns.</li></ul><h5><strong>Stable over Wide pH Range</strong></h5><ul><li>Specially designed bonded phase is stable from pH 1.5–10.5.</li></ul><h5><strong>Compatible with Highly Aqueous Mobile Phases</strong></h5><ul><li>Rugged amide-embedded C18 phase will not undergo phase collapse in 100% aqueous mobile phase.</li></ul><h5><strong>Fast Separations</strong></h5><ul><li>2.6μm core-enhanced technology particles enable operation at high flow rates without generating excessive backpressures.</li></ul><h5><strong>Excellent Peak Shapes for Enhanced Resolution and Sensitivity</strong></h5><ul><li>Solid-core 2.6μm particles and narrow particle size distribution reduce band broadening and improve separation efficiencies.</li><li>High surface coverage of silica minimizes secondary interactions and peak tailing.</li></ul><h5><strong>Low Backpressures</strong></h5><ul><li>Solid-core 2.6μm particles for less backpressure compared to UHPLC sub-2μm particles</li><li>Compatible with conventional HPLC instrumentation and UHPLC platforms</li></ul><h5><strong>Excellent Reproducibility and Robustness</strong></h5><ul><li>Advanced bonding technology</li><li>Automated packing process</li></ul><h4><strong>Specifications</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Endcapped:</strong> Yes</li><li><strong>Max. Pressure: </strong>14500 psi (1000 bar)</li><li><strong>Packing Material:</strong> Spherical, Solid Core, Ultrapure Silica</li><li><strong>Particle Shape:</strong> Spherical Solid Core</li><li><strong>Stationary Phase:</strong> Polar Embedded</li><li><strong>Surface Area:</strong> 90 m²/g</li><li><strong>Temperature:</strong> 70°C</li><li><strong>USP Type: </strong>L60</li><li><strong>Carbon Load</strong>: 9%</li><li><strong>Phase:</strong> Reversed Phase</li><li><strong>Pore Size: </strong>150 Å</li><li><strong>pH: </strong>1.5 to 10.5</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific Accucore Phenyl-Hexyl HPLC Columns

Offer unique selectivity for aromatic and moderately polar analytes with Thermo Scientific™ Accucore™ Phenyl-Hexyl LC Columns.

<p><strong>Offer unique selectivity for aromatic and moderately polar analytes with Thermo Scientific™ Accucore™ Phenyl-Hexyl LC Columns.</strong></p><p>Based on Core Enhanced Technology, Accucore columns provide fast, high-resolution separations without the elevated backpressures required by sub-2μm particles.</p><ul><li>Fast separations with excellent resolution and sensitivity</li><li>Lower backpressures so that UHPLC is not required</li><li>Mixed-Mode Selectivity for Aromatic and Moderately Polar Analytes</li><li>Enhanced Pi-pi Interactions with Aromatics</li><li>Moderate Hydrophobicity</li></ul><h4><strong>Specifications</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Endcapped:</strong> Yes</li><li><strong>For Use With:</strong> HPLC</li><li><strong>Max. Pressure: </strong>14500 psi (1000 bar)</li><li><strong>Packing Material:</strong> Spherical, Solid Core, Ultrapure Silica</li><li><strong>Particle Shape:</strong> Spherical Solid Core</li><li><strong>Stationary Phase:</strong> Phenyl/Hexyl</li><li><strong>Surface Area:</strong> 130 m²/g</li><li><strong>Temperature:</strong> 70°C</li><li><strong>USP Type: </strong>L11</li><li><strong>Carbon Load</strong>: 5%</li><li><strong>Phase:</strong> Reversed Phase</li><li><strong>Pore Size: </strong>80 Å</li><li><strong>pH: </strong>2 to 8</li></ul>

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