Meeting EU Drinking Water Standards: The Critical Role of Sample Prep in Trace Contaminant Analysis

Although modern agriculture needs to be based on accurate real-time data on soil, plant, and environmental conditions, affordable, sufficiently sensitive, and robust monitoring devices for this purpose are currently missing. According to scientists, low-cost sensors based on new smart materials and printing technologies offer a suitable solution. The results of multidisciplinary research thus far and proposals for the development of these devices have been presented by researchers from Czechia, Great Britain, Spain, and the USA in a review article in the prestigious journal <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-68778-6#Abs1">Nature Communications</a>.“Sensor technologies for monitoring plant health are still in their infancy. Only simple sensors capable of monitoring basic parameters such as pH, soil moisture, or temperature are commonly available on the market. However, if farmers are to face current challenges, including climate change, and ensure sufficient food for humanity, they need much more effective tools that will enable them to monitor, for example, various pathogens, including bacteria and fungi. In our opinion, a suitable solution is a combination of new smart materials and printing for the production of inexpensive, durable, and scalable materials,” said the article’s first author, David Panáček from CATRIN, who worked on the study during his internship at Imperial College London.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CATRIN_Soucasne_senzory_nestaci_Vedci_navrhuji_novou_cestu_ke_sledovani_zdravi_rostlin_b4014952a3.jpg" alt="CATRIN: David Panáček" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CATRIN_Soucasne_senzory_nestaci_Vedci_navrhuji_novou_cestu_ke_sledovani_zdravi_rostlin_b4014952a3.jpg 208w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="1152">Sensors for monitoring plant health, for example, lag behind similar devices used in human medicine. According to the authors, advances in materials science, which will enable the development of scalable sensor technologies, play a key role in this potential shift. “Printing techniques, including inkjet printing, screen printing, aerosol printing, 3D printing, and direct laser writing, offer flexible ways to produce flexible sensors, large-area sensors, and sensors integrated directly into plants. The review article summarizes recent advances in printable low-dimensional materials for agricultural sensors, analyzes their physico-chemical properties in relation to sensor performance, and discusses key challenges and future opportunities requiring interdisciplinary integration,” said one of the corresponding authors, Michal Otyepka.The research brought together materials scientists, chemists, biologists, sensing experts, and printing technology specialists. Materials research and the use of graphene-based smart materials were led by scientists from CATRIN at Palacký University and VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava. Plant biologists from CATRIN contributed their knowledge of plant development, their responses to stress conditions, and the monitoring of their properties. Researchers from Imperial College London took care of the electronics, while representatives from<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/companies/36"> CEITEC – VUT</a> focused on printing technologies. The team also included leading experts in sensing from the Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Barcelona, and Joseph Wang of the University of California San Diego, the “father of sensing and electrochemistry,” also contributed his extensive knowledge.“This is a groundbreaking study on this topic, which has managed to attract some truly big names in their respective fields. Last but not least, the study demonstrates that interdisciplinarity at CATRIN gives rise to completely new and promising research topics, such as plant sensing and its use for studying plant-environment interactions and smart agriculture,” added another corresponding author, Nuria De Diego.

Current sensors are not good enough. Scientists propose a new way to monitor plant health

In this episode of the Concentrating on Chromatography podcast, host David Oliva interviews Ainslie Chen about her cutting-edge research on hemoglobin variant testing using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS). Ainslie discusses her novel method for separating and identifying hemoglobin subunits with mass shifts less than 1 Da, overcoming critical limitations in conventional clinical assays.Hear firsthand how her team developed an LC-HR-MS workflow using a C4 reversed-phase column, tackled technical challenges (including why C18 columns fell short), and achieved unprecedented sensitivity for variant detection in both adult and neonatal samples. The conversation touches on the potential of mass spectrometry to revolutionize clinical diagnostics, the importance of reproducibility, barriers to adoption in routine labs, and how teamwork drives scientific innovation.Perfect for analytical chemists, clinical laboratorians, and anyone interested in the future of protein variant analysis, this episode also features Ainslie’s advice for early-career scientists and insights from her first ACS poster presentation.<h4>Key Highlights:</h4><ul><li>Motivation behind improving hemoglobinopathy testing &nbsp;</li><li>Technical advantages of LC-HR-MS over gene sequencing and CE &nbsp;</li><li>The crucial role of the C4 column in resolving challenging samples &nbsp;</li><li>Critical parameters for reproducible LC-HR-MS workflows &nbsp;</li><li>Barriers and outlook for clinical adoption of advanced mass spectrometry &nbsp;</li><li>The value of teamwork and mentorship in scientific research &nbsp;</li><li>Direct insights from recent ACS conference experiences</li></ul><h3>Video transcription</h3>In this interview, Ainslie Chen discusses her research on improving the detection and identification of hemoglobin variants using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The work addresses limitations of conventional hemoglobinopathy testing, which often struggles to resolve very small mass differences between closely related hemoglobin subunits. Because even a single amino-acid substitution can significantly alter hemoglobin structure and function, high analytical resolution is essential for accurate diagnosis of conditions such as anemia and sickle cell disease.Chen explains why her team selected LC-HRMS over established clinical techniques like capillary electrophoresis and gene sequencing. While sequencing offers excellent accuracy, it is time-consuming, costly, and requires extensive sample preparation, making it impractical for routine clinical workflows. Capillary electrophoresis enables subunit separation but lacks the resolving power needed to distinguish variants differing by less than one Dalton. In contrast, high-resolution mass spectrometry provides both structural specificity and sensitivity, enabling confident identification of subtle hemoglobin variants with minimal sample preparation.A key methodological insight from the project was the use of a C4 reversed-phase LC column instead of the more common C18 column. Chen describes how the shorter carbon chain and larger pore size of C4 columns improved protein elution and reduced denaturation, leading to more reproducible separations. Critical parameters for reproducibility included consistent mobile-phase composition (0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile), controlled temperature (60 °C for LC, ~320 °C capillary temperature), and stable chromatographic conditions.Beyond hemoglobin analysis, Chen highlights the broader potential of high-resolution mass spectrometry in proteoform analysis and clinical diagnostics, including emerging applications in cancer detection. She acknowledges current barriers to clinical adoption—such as energy demands and instrument infrastructure—but points to advances like miniaturized mass spectrometers as promising steps toward wider use. The interview concludes with advice for young scientists: don’t hesitate to reach out to mentors, embrace collaboration, and view analytical chemistry as a versatile tool that bridges medicine, biology, environmental science, and beyond.<blockquote>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</blockquote><blockquote><h4>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</h4>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!You can find Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast in podcast apps:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL">Spotify</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185">Apple podcast</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography">podscan</a></li></ul>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos">YouTube channel</a></blockquote>

Unlocking Hemoglobin Variant Detection: LC-HR-MS Breakthrough with Ainslie Chen

Article

Video

Environment

Scientific article

Interview

Science and research

The Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN) at Palacký University is a cutting-edge scientific hub dedicated to advancing research in the fields of nanotechnology, biotechnology, and biomedicine. At its core, CATRIN boasts outstanding scientific teams, featuring international researchers. We emphasize interdisciplinarity, foster global collaborations, and work to translate our research findings into practical applications.

CATRIN

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

Mestrelab Mnova MSChrom software

Mnova MSChrom (Formerly MS) provides a common interface for different vendor data and automates all functionality such as data importing and display, integration, background subtraction, display of extracted mass chromatograms, molecule match, enumeration of molecular formulae, etc.

<h3>Process, analyze and report your LC-MS and GC-MS data from your different instruments</h3>
Mnova MSChrom (Formerly MS) provides a common interface for different vendor data and automates all functionality such as data importing and display, integration, background subtraction, display of extracted mass chromatograms, molecule match, enumeration of molecular formulae, etc.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_MS_Chrom_Effortlessly_analyze_and_report_LCMS_and_GCMS_data_from_a_wide_range_of_instruments_b7f5482cde.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova MSChrom - Effortlessly analyze and report LCMS and GCMS data from a wide range of instruments."/>
<blockquote>
<h4><a href="http://www2.mestrelab.com/l/271522/2024-03-25/3nwslf">Visit MestreLab Research MSChrom product page to learn more!</a></h4>
</blockquote>
<h3>MSChrom Highlights</h3>
<ul>
<li>Common interface to visualize your data from different vendors.</li>
<li>Automate all functionality such as data importing and display, integration, background subtraction, display of extracted mass chromatograms, molecule match, enumeration of molecular formula, etc.</li>
<li>Verify proposed structures by automatically matching molecular ion and isotope peaks, and potentially the MS/MS fragmentation peaks.</li>
<li>Predict the isotope clusters of a molecular formula with various adducts/losses and compare with observed mass spectrum.</li>
<li>Process and report MS data on your computer, improves the efficiency and save time for more complex problems.</li>
<li>Improve your efficiency by automating and customizing the analysis and reporting in batch mode or in real-time using Mnova scripts.</li>
<li>Make your analytical results searchable using Mnova DB!</li>
<li>Calculate MS peak purity. The Mnova MS peak purity shows the curves associated to the most abundant mass peaks under the selected chromatogram peak.</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_MS_Chrom_Opens_the_power_of_the_technique_to_all_non_expert_users_9ccef334fa.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova MSChrom - Opens the power of the technique to all non-expert users."/>
<h3>Mnova MSChrom Features</h3>
<h4>Background Subtraction</h4>
<ul>
<li>This new feature is designed to facilitate background subtraction in your datasets, offering the capability to apply mass spectra and UV subtraction to lower impurities and noisy common peaks obtained from your analytical system, etc. to achieve more precise data analysis.</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_MS_Chrom_Sample_2_and_blank_1_used_to_apply_MS_Background_Subtraction_and_the_result_3_6a554048a8.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova MSChrom - Sample, 2, and blank, 1, used to apply MS Background Subtraction and the result, 3."/>
<h4>New Enhanced Peak Picking Algorithm and Blind Regions</h4>
<ul>
<li>Now, MSChrom includes a new Enhanced Peak Picking Algorithm providing an alternative to the Classic algorithm used in previous versions of MSChrom. Within Enhanced peak picking algorithm new settings are available to reproduce your best results in terms of detection and integration, including Baseline Correction, smoothing features, and a new functionality based on Saturated levels, where users can set an abundance threshold to identify those overloaded peaks due to detector saturation, and perform corrections on them.
</li>
<li>Introducing the new Blind Regions tool-a highly beneficial addition. This tool enables the selective exclusion of those undesired regions from chromatograms during analytical processes as peak picking or any general data treatment. Blind Regions will remain ignored saving time, resources, providing better reproducible results. It proves especially helpful in cases where challenges arise in specific regions (solvent front in LC, column bleeding in GC, etc.) or, for instance, when opting to discard the limits of the chromatogram.
</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_MS_Chrom_Chromatographic_Peak_Detection_Settings_panel_and_Blind_Regions_table_displayed_after_peak_picking_9f4b2b6def.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova MSChrom - Chromatographic Peak Detection Settings panel and Blind Regions table displayed after peak picking process and applying two blind regions on the chromatogram."/>
<h4>Combine NMR and LC-MS or GC-MS Data in the Same Document</h4>
<ul>
<li>Automatically open analytical data from instruments like Agilent, Bruker, JEOL, Thermo, and Waters, along with data in mzData or mzXML formats (<a href="http://www2.mestrelab.com/l/271522/2024-04-10/3p2gs6">refer to supported formats here</a>).</li>
<li>Integrate peaks in TIC, MS, and UV/ELSD traces, either automatically or manually.</li>
<li>Choose mass spectra based on TIC peaks, with or without background subtraction, and display them in either centroid or profile mode.</li>
<li>Manually co-add mass spectra, and seamlessly analyze and report NMR and MS data together in the same document</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_MS_Chrom_Combine_NMR_and_LC_MS_or_GC_MS_Data_in_the_Same_Document_a575d33699.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova MSChrom - Combine NMR and LC-MS or GC-MS Data in the Same Document."/>
<h4>Effortlessly Generate EMC/EIC, UV Traces, and UV Spectra</h4>
<ul>
<li>Create Extracted Mass/Ion Chromatograms (EMC/EIC) within a specified mass range or at a particular m/z value.</li>
<li>Generate UV Traces effortlessly by selecting a wavelength from a DAD trace.</li>
<li>Easily extract UV spectra at chosen retention times from a PDA total absorbance chromatogram.</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_MS_Chrom_Effortlessly_Generate_EMC_EIC_UV_Traces_and_UV_Spectra_e80492edfa.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova MSChrom - Effortlessly Generate EMC/EIC, UV Traces, and UV Spectra."/>
<h4>Automatic Molecule Matching for Structure Confirmation</h4>
<ul>
<li>Beyond its extensive NMR structure confirmation tools within the NMR plugin, Mnova MSChrom introduces the molecular match feature, an invaluable resource for verifying structures through LC/GC/MS analysis.</li>
<li>This functionality is exceptionally swift and user-friendly, ensuring accessibility for all users, including those new to the field.</li>
<li>Import chemical structures and let the software automatically confirm matches with your experimental data. Customize match criteria by selecting adducts, losses, mass accuracy, score thresholds, etc.</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_MS_Chrom_Automatic_Molecule_Matching_for_Structure_Confirmation_04d66572d1.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova MSChrom - Automatic Molecule Matching for Structure Confirmation."/>
<h4>Isotope Cluster Prediction for Elemental Composition Verification</h4>
<ul>
<li>The feature enables users to propose one or multiple molecular formulas and anticipate their mass peaks using a predefined list of adducts or losses.</li>
<li>Mnova MSChrom generates a list of molecular ion and isotopic peaks, automatically aligning them with experimental peaks, if present.</li>
<li>Customize the display by choosing the desired prediction, along with the corresponding adduct or loss, for comparison on the spectrum.</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_MS_Chrom_Isotope_Cluster_Prediction_for_Elemental_Composition_Verification_7f75f9d6c3.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova MSChrom - Isotope Cluster Prediction for Elemental Composition Verification."/>
<h3>Mnova MSChrom Market and Users</h3>
<ul>
<li>Teaching MS and Chromatography to chemistry departments</li>
<li>Research in organic, medicinal and environmental chemistry</li>
<li>Quality control in chemical and pharmaceutical companies</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_MS_Chrom_users_507a260da1.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova MSChrom users."/>
<h3>Frequently Asked Questions</h3>
<h5>How can I know if my data is compatible with Mnova?</h5>
Mnova MS supports most of the different MSChrom data formats. You can check it on the MSChrom supported format table <a href="http://www2.mestrelab.com/l/271522/2024-04-10/3p2gs6">here</a>. Please let us know if your MSChrom data format is not in the list.
<h5>How much does the MSChrom module cost?</h5>
You can find the cost of this module in our online store. You can also check out for any combo option if you have or you need Mnova NMR. For any questions about pricing you can always contact us directly at sales@mestrelab.com
<h5>I have Mnova NMR and I am wondering if I could add my MS data to my NMR reports.</h5>
Yes. You can open NMR and MS data in the same document, and cut/paste the MSChrom display to the same page of NMR data if needed. Or you can create a display template to automatically format the reports.
<h5>Can I use my MSChrom data for verification purposes?</h5>
Yes. Run Molecule Match in Mnova MSChrom to verify the elemental composition automatically, or run Mnova Verify to verify a proposed structure against your MS data (Mnova Verify needs a separate license).
<h5>Can I use it to process my High Resolution MSChrom data?</h5>
Yes. Both high resolution and low resolution MS data can be used by Mnova MSChrom. Just make sure you set the proper mass tolerance parameters when you do Molecular Match.
<h5>Can I try Mnova MSChrom?</h5>
Yes, you can download a 45-day trial license of any of our products. The Mnova MSChrom module is included within the main Mnova installer. Download Mnova and try it now!
<h3>Case Studies</h3>
<h4>Automated analysis and reporting LC/MS and NMR together for compound registration – A case study</h4>
A pharma company does quality control of their compounds using both NMR and LC/MS before registration, and generates the analysis reports in their own format. Based on their requirement, we developed a Mnova script (R_NMR_MS.qs) that does all of this automatically.
<blockquote>
<a href="http://www2.mestrelab.com/l/271522/2024-04-10/3p2gs9">read more</a>
</blockquote>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mnova_MS_Chrom_Automated_analysis_and_reporting_LC_MS_and_NMR_together_for_compound_registration_A_case_study_8003aab1ff.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mnova MSChrom - Automated analysis and reporting LC-MS and NMR together for compound registration – A case study."/>

Mestrelab Mnova Gears – Chrom Best Method software

Chrom Best Method is a vendor agnostic tool that can seamlessly screen and compare several chromatographic methods, then suggest the one that is more likely to yield a pure compound.

<h3>Automated solution for selection of the optimal separation method</h3>
Data processing and comparison between different chromatographic methods can quickly form a bottleneck when large amounts of data is generated, particularly when multiple different instruments are involved.
Chrom Best Method is a vendor-agnostic tool that can seamlessly screen and compare several chromatographic methods, then suggest the one that is more likely to yield a pure compound. Chrom Best Method automates LC-MS data processing, target and impurity identification, method scoring, and report generation, to provide quick, smart, and robust answers, whilst still allowing for full review and overriding of results to accommodate users’ needs.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mestrelab_Mnova_Gears_Chrom_Best_Method_software_Find_the_best_separation_conditions_for_your_compounds_with_Chrom_Best_Method_7d0d3f9805.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Save time and money – find the best separation conditions for your compounds with Chrom Best Method!"/>
<blockquote>
<h3><a href="http://www2.mestrelab.com/l/271522/2024-03-25/3nwskj">Visit MestreLab Research Mnova Gears – Chrom Best Method product page to learn more!</a></h3>
</blockquote>
<h3>Chrom Best Method Benefits</h3>
<ul>
<li>Effective, vendor-neutral analysis and comparison of your LC-MS data from different instruments in one software package.</li>
<li>Seamless evaluation of several methods for many targets in a single run, which accommodates HT experimentation.</li>
<li>Meaningful method scores based on your criteria, preferences, and operational requirements.</li>
<li>Substantial reduction in the time spent on manual analysis and creation of reports.</li>
<li>Effective result visualization and interpretation, enabling quick and confident decision making.</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mestrelab_Mnova_Gears_Chrom_Best_Method_software_2_8cff8a724b.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mestrelab Mnova Gears – Chrom Best Method software"/>
<h3>Chrom Best Method Features</h3>
<ul>
<li>Automated data preparation, analysis, and reporting of results</li>
<li>Comprehensive method scoring that generates meaningful results</li>
<li>Powerful target peak assignment options and detection of impurities</li>
<li>Multiple ways to provide target information (using a structure, dataset file name, mapping file, or parameters)</li>
<li>Flexible ion matching and analysis options that fit multiple-use cases</li>
<li>Optimized algorithm for chiral screening</li>
<li>Possibility to screen methods on different targets in a single run</li>
<li>Manual review by exception of scoring and ability to override results</li>
</ul>
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mestrelab_Mnova_Gears_Chrom_Best_Method_software_ccc0c0e0ad.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mestrelab Mnova Gears – Chrom Best Method software."/>
<h3>Purification Workflow</h3>
<h4>More Automation</h4>
Looking for an enterprise-level solution for improving your purification and data management procedures? Check the <a href="http://www2.mestrelab.com/l/271522/2024-03-25/3nwskm">Fraction Analysis</a> and <a href="http://www2.mestrelab.com/l/271522/2024-03-25/3nwskq">Quality Control</a> bricks that also run in full automation with Mgears. You have the complete flexibility to combine and adapt these solutions to your standard procedures to reap even more benefits to your organization.
<a href="http://www2.mestrelab.com/l/271522/2024-04-10/3p2gsh">Contact us</a> for more information.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Mestrelab_Research_Mestrelab_Mnova_Gears_Chrom_Best_Method_software_4_f25f63daa7.jpg" alt="Mestrelab Research: Mestrelab Mnova Gears – Chrom Best Method software"/>
<h3>Markets</h3>
Academic, Government &amp; Industrial
<h4>Who should be using Chrom Best Method?</h4>
Organic chemists, analysts, QC experts, and researchers using quantitative chromatographic methods for quality control, concentration/purity determination, or monitoring/optimization of reactions in one of the following markets and applications:
<ul>
<li>Pharmaceutical / Drug development industry
</li>
<li>Food &amp; Beverage industries
</li>
<li>Personal care and Cosmetics
</li>
<li>Fine chemical synthesis industries
</li>
<li>Polymer industries
</li>
<li>Academic research laboratories
</li>
<li>Contract Research Organizations (CROs) offering purification services
</li>
<li>Compound purification for subsequent use in studies or commercialization
</li>
<li>Isolation of unknown impurities in finished products, natural products, or in the environment for structural disclosure, study, etc.
</li>
<li>Chiral separation to remove unwanted enantiomers obtained during organic synthesis
</li>
</ul>

Products focused on LC/MS from SciY/Mestrelab Research - page 1

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