Investigation of mycotoxins in different beers with several clean-up techniques using the Mycotoxin Screening System

Significance of the Topic

Beer may contain harmful mycotoxins produced by fungal contamination of grains.
Accurate and efficient screening of these toxins is essential to protect public health and ensure compliance with regulatory standards.

Objectives and Study Overview

This work evaluates a complete workflow—from sample cleanup to detection—for simultaneous quantification of seven mycotoxins in various beer matrices using a commercial mycotoxin screening system.
The main aims are to validate method sensitivity, assess compliance with EU maximum residue levels, and compare different cleanup cartridges.

Methodology and Instrumentation

• Sample Preparation: Three solid-phase extraction cartridges (MultiSep 227, MultiSep 228, etc.) were tested for efficient removal of matrix interferences from beer samples.
• Chromatography: Reversed-phase liquid chromatography on a Shim-pack GIST C18 column (3.0×75 mm, 2 μm).
• Detection: Integrated photodiode array detector (LC-2040C 3D) combined with a fluorescence detector (Rf-20AXs) to achieve high sensitivity for all target analytes.
• Calibration: External calibration curves over the range 2.5–25 µg/L, each exhibiting excellent linearity with R² ≥ 0.97.

Major Results and Discussion

• All seven mycotoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, OTA, DON, NIV) were detected with limits of quantification at or below EU regulatory thresholds.
• Fluorescence detection provided clear separation of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, while PDA detection effectively identified DON and NIV when using the MultiSep 227 cartridge.
• Chromatograms of spiked versus non-spiked beer samples confirmed reliable extraction and separation; comparison of two production batches revealed minor variations in mycotoxin content, both below legal limits.
• Calibration data demonstrated reproducible quantification across the targeted concentration range.

Benefits and Practical Applications

• Rapid and straightforward sample preparation and analysis, aligned with current regulatory requirements.
• Simultaneous detection of multiple mycotoxins in a single run improves laboratory efficiency and throughput.
• Applicable for routine quality control in breweries, malt processing facilities, and food safety laboratories.

Future Trends and Opportunities

Ongoing improvements in detector sensitivity and cartridge sorbent materials will further lower detection limits and enhance selectivity.
Integration with automated sample handling and digital reporting platforms can streamline workflows.
Broader screening panels may be developed to address emerging mycotoxins and evolving food safety regulations.

Conclusion

The evaluated Mycotoxin Screening System delivers a fast, robust, and user-friendly solution for comprehensive analysis of key mycotoxins in beer.
Results consistently met EU regulatory standards, demonstrating the method’s suitability for routine safety monitoring.

Reference

[1] European Food Safety Authority. Aflatoxins: hazards and regulatory context. EFSA, online.
[2] Commission Regulation (EC) No 165/2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 on mycotoxin maximum levels.
[3] Commission Regulation (EC) No 105/2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 regarding ochratoxin A.