In closed communities such as the Amish in North America, rare genetic disorders occur more frequently. In children from this community, a condition has been described that affects the development of the nervous system and manifests, for example, as muscle weakness or epileptic seizures. The disorder is linked to a small change in a single protein, but for a long time it was unclear which cellular process this change disrupts. This question has now been answered by researchers from CEITEC Masaryk University, who show that the disease is caused by a disruption of a key mechanism required for the proper processing of genetic information in the cell.Every cell must first transcribe genetic information and then modify it before it can be used. From the original “working transcript,” unnecessary parts are removed and the remaining pieces are precisely joined together. This process, known as RNA splicing, consists of many consecutive steps and is tightly regulated. If the process does not proceed correctly or stops at any point, the cell cannot properly convert the copied genetic information into a usable form and therefore cannot function as it should.Researchers from CEITEC Masaryk University have now described one of the key steps in this process – a specific signal inside the cell. This signal acts as a checkpoint: only once it is fulfilled, the entire mechanism is activated and the process can continue.“We showed that during RNA splicing, a chemical modification of the protein SF3B1 is required at a precisely timed step. This modification allows another protein, SNIP1, to bind. If this signal is not transmitted correctly, the cell cannot proceed with the splicing process,” explains first author <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ceitec.eu/pavla-gajduskova-ph-d/u26136?page=publication">Pavla Gajdušková</a>.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Vzacna_geneticka_porucha_z_amisske_komunity_pomohla_potvrdit_klicovy_mechanismus_v_bunce_4_79e003984a.jpeg" alt="CEITEC: A Rare Genetic Disorder in the Amish Community Helped Confirm a Key Cellular Mechanism: Pavla Gajdušková" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Vzacna_geneticka_porucha_z_amisske_komunity_pomohla_potvrdit_klicovy_mechanismus_v_bunce_4_79e003984a.jpeg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067">This is where the research connects to patients in the Amish community. In affected children, a small genetic change in the SNIP1 protein disrupts its ability to respond properly to the signal mediated by the modified SF3B1 protein, making RNA splicing less efficient than in healthy individuals. As a result, errors occur during RNA splicing that the cell cannot correct, impairing its function – especially in the nervous system.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Vzacna_geneticka_porucha_z_amisske_komunity_pomohla_potvrdit_klicovy_mechanismus_v_bunce_44a7e2ef17.jpg" alt="CEITEC/Blažek Lab: A Rare Genetic Disorder in the Amish Community Helped Confirm a Key Cellular Mechanism: Interaction between SF3B1 and SNIP1 proteins." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Vzacna_geneticka_porucha_z_amisske_komunity_pomohla_potvrdit_klicovy_mechanismus_v_bunce_44a7e2ef17.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1600"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Vzacna_geneticka_porucha_z_amisske_komunity_pomohla_potvrdit_klicovy_mechanismus_v_bunce_2_85826d711e.jpg" alt="CEITEC/Blažek Lab: A Rare Genetic Disorder in the Amish Community Helped Confirm a Key Cellular Mechanism: The effect of mutations in SNIP1 on cell proliferation." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Vzacna_geneticka_porucha_z_amisske_komunity_pomohla_potvrdit_klicovy_mechanismus_v_bunce_2_85826d711e.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067">The researchers were thus able to clarify the cause of this rare neurodevelopmental disorder. “Additionally, the cause of this disease also confirms the correctness of the checkpoint we described. It shows that even a small change in one of the proteins involved can disrupt the RNA splicing mechanism on which the cell depends,” adds group leader <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ceitec.eu/dalibor-blazek-ph-d/u25918">Dalibor Blažek</a>.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Vzacna_geneticka_porucha_z_amisske_komunity_pomohla_potvrdit_klicovy_mechanismus_v_bunce_3_f95cfd68eb.jpeg" alt="CEITEC/Martin Indruch: A Rare Genetic Disorder in the Amish Community Helped Confirm a Key Cellular Mechanism: Dalibor Blažek." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Vzacna_geneticka_porucha_z_amisske_komunity_pomohla_potvrdit_klicovy_mechanismus_v_bunce_3_f95cfd68eb.jpeg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067">Although the study focuses on basic research, its implications are broader. It suggests that the same mechanism may also play a role in regulating cell division – a process that is often disrupted in cancer.<blockquote>The research was carried out by scientists from CEITEC Masaryk University in collaboration with researchers from Spain and Germany. The study was published in the journal <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-71119-2">Nature Communications</a>.</blockquote>

A Rare Genetic Disorder in the Amish Community Helped Confirm a Key Cellular Mechanism

This study investigates the pathogenesis of neurosyphilis through cerebrospinal fluid proteomics using LC–MS/MS and ELISA validation. Comparative analysis identified 234 differentially expressed proteins, with major alterations linked to lysosomal dysfunction, axon guidance, and neurodegeneration pathways.Key lysosomal proteins, including PSAP and DNASE2, together with the axonal protein EPHA4, were significantly downregulated in neurosyphilis patients. These proteins showed potential as biomarkers for neurodegeneration and may provide new insights into disease mechanisms, diagnostics, and therapeutic targets.<blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689">Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome Reveals Dysregulation of Lysosomal and Axonal Proteins in Neurosyphilis</a></h4>Huayang Tang*, Junjie Hu, Yifan Wu, Jinping Gao, Wenjun Wang, Xiaodong Zheng, Ran Zhang, Bo Liang, Fusheng Zhou, Ze Guo*J. Proteome Res. 2026, 25, 2, 713–722<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.<div>Neurosyphilis (NS) is a group of clinical syndromes characterized by neuroinflammation caused by Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum), which occurs in all stages of syphilis. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,2)</a> NS is classified based on clinical presentation as either asymptomatic (ANS) or symptomatic (SNS), and based on disease stage as either early (occurring 1–2 years after primary infection) or late. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> T. pallidum can cause local nonspecific and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, leading to possible degenerative changes. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3)</a> The immune response of CNS in neurosyphilis is comparable to that observed in other neuroinflammatory diseases. Consequently, the presence of neurological symptoms may not reliably indicate active CNS inflammation in syphilis patients. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3)</a> A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomic study identified three biomarkers (SEMA7A, SERPINA3, and ITIH4) that contribute to NS and have potential implications for diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(4)</a> Through integrated proteomics and single-cell transcriptomics analyses, Toll-like/NF-κB signaling was identified as the key pathway involved in CNS damage caused by T. pallidum. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a> Despite an increasing understanding of the biomarkers and possible neuroinflammatory damage mechanisms of neurosyphilis, the mechanisms of neurodegeneration caused by T. pallidum infection remain elusive. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(6)</a>Patients with neurosyphilis exhibit stage-specific profiles of soluble factors in their CSF, which are linked to both immune status and the extent of neuronal damage. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7)</a> In this study, we analyzed differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the CSF proteomes from 28 individuals, including neurosyphilis (NS), suspected neurosyphilis (spNS) and non-neurosyphilis (nNS) individuals, by LC–MS/MS and analyzed a public data set of the neurosyphilis CSF proteome. Validation was then performed by ELISA in an independent group comprising 110 samples. The results revealed that neuroinflammation by T. pallidum infection results in dysregulation of the key proteins in lysosomal and axonal pathway, which suggesting a potential contribution to neurodegeneration in neurosyphilis.<h4>Materials and Methods</h4><h5>LC–MS/MS</h5>The tryptic peptides were dissolved in 0.1% formic acid (solvent A) and loaded onto a custom-made reversed-phase column (15 cm × 75 μm). Using an EASY-nLC 1000 UPLC system, a gradient was run at 400 nL/min as follows: 6% to 23% solvent B (0.1% formic acid in 98% acetonitrile) over 26 min, 23% to 35% in 8 min, up to 80% in 3 min, and held at 80% for 3 min. Peptides were ionized via an NSI source at 2.0 kV and analyzed online by a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/559">Q Exactive Plus mass spectrometer</a>. Full scans (m/z 350–1800) were acquired in the Orbitrap at 70,000 resolution. The top precursors were selected for MS/MS with an NCE of 28, and fragments were detected at 17,500 resolution. A data-dependent method cycled between one MS scan and 20 MS/MS scans with a 15.0 s dynamic exclusion. AGC was set at 5E4. MS/MS data were processed with MaxQuant (v.1.5.2.8) using Trypsin/P as the enzyme (up to 2 missed cleavages). Precursor mass tolerance was 20 ppm (first search) and 5 ppm (main search); fragment mass tolerance was 0.02 Da. Fixed modification: carbamidomethyl (C); variable modification: oxidation (M). The FDR threshold was &lt;1%, and the minimum peptide score was &gt;40.<h5>ELISA</h5>CSF levels of host proteins were quantified using commercial ELISA kits according to the manufacturers’ protocols. Proteins analyzed included PSAP (OKEH07124, Aviva, USA), CTSL (abx150963, Abbexa, UK), NPC2 (A-QEK07857, Biogradetech, USA), and DNASE2 (abx386953, Abbexa, UK). Briefly, 100 μL of CSF was added to precoated plates and incubated at 37 °C for 2 h. After washing, 100 μL of detection antibody was added to each well and incubated at 37 °C for another 2 h. Following a wash, 100 μL of streptavidin-HRP working solution was added and incubated at room temperature for 20 min in the dark. The reaction was stopped with 50 μL of stop solution, and the optical density was measured at 450 nm.<h4>Results</h4><h5>Downregulation of Key Lysosomal Proteins in CSF from Patients With Neurosyphilis</h5>By analyzing the DEPs in NS vs nNS, we observed a significant enrichment of downregulated proteins in the lysosome pathway (P = 0.007) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig2">Figure 2</a>A), with 9 lysosomal proteins showing significant downregulation (Padj &lt; 0.05) in the NS group (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Table S4</a>). To validate this finding, we examined the public CSF proteomics data set of neurosyphilis (PXD033034) and identified 18 proteins in the lysosomal pathway that were significantly downregulated in patients with NS (Padj &lt; 0.05) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Table S4</a>). PPI network analysis determined the top 10 hub genes within the lysosome pathway (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig2">Figure 2</a>B). A Venn diagram revealed 3 proteins (PSAP, CTSL, and NPC2) shared across our current data, the public data set (PXD033034) and the top 10 hub genes (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig2">Figure 2</a>C). The mass spectrometry results indicated that the levels of PSAP (Padj = 0.043), CTSL (Padj = 0.028) and NPC2 (Padj = 0.013) were significantly lower in the NS group compared to the nNS group (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig2">Figure 2</a>D). The PXD033034 data set revealed consistent changes in the PSAP, CTSL, and NPC2 levels in the NS group (Padj &lt; 0.05) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Figure S1 and Table S4</a>). In addition, associations between the lysosomal protein DNASE2 and NS were observed in both the present study (Padj = 0.003) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig2">Figure 2</a>D) and the PXD033034 data set (Padj &lt; 0.05) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Figure S1 and Table S4</a>), with subgroup analysis revealing a significantly lower expression level of DNASE2 in the SNS group compared to the ANS group (P = 0.035) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig2">Figure 2</a>D and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Table S3</a>). Further validation by ELISA (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Table S5</a>) in an independent group (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#tbl1">Table 1</a>) confirmed significantly downregulated CSF levels of PSAP (P &lt; 0.0001), CTSL (P &lt; 0.0001), NPC2 (P = 0.0024) and DNASE2 (P &lt; 0.0001) in patients with NS (n = 21) than in nNS individuals (n = 56) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig2">Figure 2</a>E) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Table S6</a>), as well as decreased in the SNS subgroup (P &lt; 0.05) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Figure S2 and Table S6</a>). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis supported PSAP (AUC = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83–0.99) and DNASE2 (AUC = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91–0.99) for distinguishing NS from nNS and as potential biomarkers for assessing neurodegeneration in NS (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig2">Figure 2</a>F). These results indicate that T. pallidum infection may lead to lysosomal dysfunction in CNS.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/J_Proteome_Res_2026_25_2_713_722_Figure_2_Downregulation_of_key_lysosomal_proteins_in_the_cerebrospinal_fluid_of_neurosyphilis_patients_bbccd95f44.jpg" alt="J. Proteome Res. 2026, 25, 2, 713–722: Figure 2. Downregulation of key lysosomal proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of neurosyphilis patients. (a) KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that downregulated proteins in patients with NS were significantly enriched in the lysosome pathway, as well as in axon guidance and neurodegeneration. (b) The top 10 hub genes involved in the lysosome pathway were identified using the STRING network data set and PPI analysis. (c) A Venn diagram revealed 3 proteins (PSAP, CTSL, and NPC2) shared across our current data, the public data set (PXD033034) and the top 10 hub genes. (d) The CSF levels of PSAP (Padj = 0.043), CTSL (Padj = 0.028), DNASE2 (Padj = 0.003) and NPC2 (Padj = 0.013) were significantly decreased in the NS group than in the nNS group. Subgroup analysis found a significantly lower expression level of DNASE2 in the SNS group than in the ANS group (P = 0.035). (e) PSAP, DNASE2, CTSL and NPC2 levels in CSF were tested by ELISA in the nNS (n = 56) and NS (n = 21) groups. Compared with those in the nNS group, significantly lower PSAP (P &lt; 0.0001), CTSL (P &lt; 0.0001), DNASE2 (P &lt; 0.0001) and NPC2 (P = 0.0024) levels were detected in the NS group. (f) ROC curve analysis for NS revealed that PSAP had an AUC = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.83–0.99), DNASE2 had an AUC = 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91–0.99), CTSL had an AUC = 0.85 (95% CI: 0.76–0.95), and NPC2 had an AUC = 0.72 (95% CI: 0.59–0.85). NS: neurosyphilis; nNS: non-neurosyphilis; ANS: asymptomatic neurosyphilis; SNS: symptomatic neurosyphilis. ROC: receiver operating characteristic; AUC: area under the curve. * P &lt; 0.05, ** P &lt; 0.01, ****P &lt; 0.0001." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_J_Proteome_Res_2026_25_2_713_722_Figure_2_Downregulation_of_key_lysosomal_proteins_in_the_cerebrospinal_fluid_of_neurosyphilis_patients_bbccd95f44.jpg 140w," sizes="100vw" width="2100" height="2339"><h5>Downregulation of Key Axonal Proteins Correlated with Lysosomal Protein Reduction in Neurosyphilis CSF</h5>Lysosomes play crucial roles in neuronal health by maintaining axonostasis. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(10)</a> The enrichment analysis indicated that the downregulated proteins in NS were implicated in the biological processes of axonostasis (such as axon development and axonogenesis) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig1">Figure 1</a>F) and the pathway of axon guidance (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig2">Figure 2</a>A). Our proteomic data revealed a total of 24 downregulated (Padj &lt; 0.05) axonal proteins and 1 upregulated (Padj &lt; 0.05) axonal protein in the CSF of patients with NS (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Table S9</a>). Furthermore, the PXD033034 data set revealed 55 downregulated (Padj &lt; 0.05) and 4 upregulated (Padj &lt; 0.05) axonal proteins in NS (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Table S9</a>). The top 10 hub genes involved in the biological processes of axon development and axonogenesis were identified by PPI network analysis (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig4">Figure 4</a>A). Considering the overlap of our current data, the PXD033034 data set and the top 10 hub genes (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig4">Figure 4</a>B), one key protein, EPHA4, was identified across 3 data sets, with significant downregulation in our current data (Padj = 0.011) and in the PXD033034 data set (Padj = 0.028) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig4">Figure 4</a>C). Correlation analysis further revealed a positive correlation between the levels of PSAP and EPHA4 (r = i 0.83, P &lt; 0.05) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig4">Figure 4</a>D). Reduced levels of PSAP and EPHA4 in CSF have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). <a href="javascript:void(0);">(11,12)</a> Our findings suggest that coordinated dysregulation of lysosomal and axonal proteins may contribute to neurodegeneration in NS.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/J_Proteome_Res_2026_25_2_713_722_Figure_4_Key_axonal_protein_downregulated_in_CSF_from_patients_with_neurosyphilis_66f5533e94.jpg" alt="J. Proteome Res. 2026, 25, 2, 713–722: Figure 4. Key axonal protein downregulated in CSF from patients with neurosyphilis. (a) The top 10 hub genes involved in axonostasis were identified by the STRING network data set and PPI analysis. (b) A Venn diagram revealed 1 protein (EPHA4) shared across DEPs related to axonostasis in our current data and in the public data set (PXD033034) and the top 10 hub genes. (c) EPHA4 was significantly downregulated both in our present study (Padj = 0.011) and in the PXD033034 data set (Padj = 0.028). (d) Correlation analysis demonstrated that the EPHA4 level was significantly positively correlated (P &lt; 0.05) with the levels of PSAP (r = 0.83), CTSL (r = 0.6), NPC2 (r = 0.69), DNASE2 (r = 0.61) and SEMA7A (r = 0.83). NS: neurosyphilis; nNS: non-neurosyphilis. * P &lt; 0.05." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_J_Proteome_Res_2026_25_2_713_722_Figure_4_Key_axonal_protein_downregulated_in_CSF_from_patients_with_neurosyphilis_66f5533e94.jpg 178w," sizes="100vw" width="1250" height="1096"><h4>Conclusions</h4>The present study reveals the associations of dysregulated proteins in lysosomal and axonal pathways with neurosyphilis, and potential evidence of shared pathophysiological mechanisms between neuroinflammation caused by T. pallidum infection and neurodegenerative diseases.However, this study has certain limitations. First, the use of ELISA to validate a limited number of proteins has certain limitations, such as the inherent cross-reactivity of ELISA. In the future, we can optimize the validation experiments by adding techniques such as Western blotting for verification. Second, this study uses a cross-sectional sampling method for research, which limits our ability to infer disease progression and treatment responses. In the future, we will conduct follow-up on the subjects, continue collecting cerebrospinal fluid samples after treatment, and observe whether the protein dysregulation is reversible after treatment. For spNS patients, follow-up should also be conducted to determine if they have transformed into NS, which will be very valuable for validating the predictive utility of our biomarkers. Finally, although multiple discovery and validation cohort studies have been conducted, we currently lack direct mechanistic evidence. Future work will investigate whether exposing neural cell coculture models to outer-membrane antigens of T. pallidum reproduces the lysosome and axon alterations observed in CSF, clarifying their role in neural damage of neurosyphilis and potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of neurodegeneration in neurosyphilis.</div>

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome Reveals Dysregulation of Lysosomal and Axonal Proteins in Neurosyphilis

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Phenomenex Kinetex Core-Shell C8 HPLC Columns

The Kinetex C8 HPLC column is a core-shell-based particle with a bonded silica phase ideal for the analysis of very hydrophobic compounds. 

Hydrophilic Polar Selectivity and Performance!The Kinetex C8 HPLC column is a core-shell-based particle with a bonded silica phase ideal for the analysis of very hydrophobic compounds. This versatile column can easily upgrade existing fully porous 5 µm and 3 µm methods to shorten run-time, increase sensitivity, and even provide greater resolution with much higher efﬁciency levels.<ul><li>Compatible with All Analytical HPLC/UHPLC Systems*</li><li>Balancing Performance &amp; Retention</li><li>USP:L7</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Kinetex_Core_Shell_C8_HPLC_Column_eb663e39df.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Kinetex Core-Shell C8 HPLC Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Kinetex_Core_Shell_C8_HPLC_Column_eb663e39df.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"><ul><li>Carbon Load: 8 (effective), 8 (effective) %</li><li>Surface Area (m²/g): 200</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 1.7, 2.6, 5</li><li>Recommended Use: Minimized hydrophobic retention for highly hydrophobic compounds</li></ul><h4>Balancing Speed and Retention</h4>The Kinetex core-shell C8 provides the same Kinetex performance but with a little less hydrophobic retention in comparison to the Kinetex C18 column. This C8 column is ideal for extremely hydrophobic compounds that might be too strongly retained on a traditional C18 phase column.<blockquote>Stationary phase Kinetex Core-Shell C8 is provided in these column types: analytical and preparative</blockquote><h3>Kinetex Core-Shell Technology Columns</h3>Kinetex Core-Shell Technology delivers dramatic improvements in efficiency over conventional fully porous media, which can be leveraged to increase resolution, significantly improve productivity, reduce solvent consumption, and decrease costs. Whether you are running high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) methods, the Kinetex core-shell family can deliver shockingly improved performance over the current column you are using. Phenomenex designs, manufactures, and sells its very own silica and organo-silica core-shell particles.Advantages of Kinetex HPLC Columns<ul><li>Performance gains on ANY liquid chromatography system</li><li>System-to-system and lab-to-lab method portability</li><li>Improve the productivity of older, established methods.</li></ul><h4>How Does Core-Shell Technology Work?</h4>Core-shell technology in chromatography is a revolutionary approach that enhances the efficiency of HPLC systems while minimizing costs. Core-shell particles are designed with a solid, non-porous silica core surrounded by a porous outer layer. This unique structure allows for faster analyte mass transfer between the mobile and stationary phases, as diffusion occurs only through the thin, porous shell rather than the entire particle. This minimizes band broadening, leading to higher separation efficiency and sharper peaks.The consistency in size and shape of core-shell particles further enhances separation efficiency by reducing variability in analyte movement. As a result, core-shell HPLC columns provide high efficiency and resolution at lower backpressures, making them an ideal choice for labs looking to improve their existing HPLC systems without the need for costly UHPLC equipment.Core-shell technology thus offers a cost-effective alternative to upgrading to UHPLC systems, enabling labs to maximize the efficiency of their current HPLC setups. The formation of these particles through advanced sol-gel processing techniques ensures uniformity and reliability, making them a valuable tool in modern chromatography. By using the Kinetex HPLC column, laboratories can achieve faster analysis times and higher productivity while maintaining excellent separation performance.<h3>Kinetex Core-Shell Performance on Any LC System</h3>The 5 versatile particle sizes allow you to select the best fit for your instrument.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_HPLC_and_UHPLC_Kinetex_Core_Shell_Technology_Columns_5_particle_sizes_bbed75c36f.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Five versatile particle sizes of Kinetex Core-Shell Technology Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_HPLC_and_UHPLC_Kinetex_Core_Shell_Technology_Columns_5_particle_sizes_bbed75c36f.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1341" height="333"><h3>Particle Chemistry</h3>Using sol-gel processing techniques that incorporate nano-structuring technology, a durable, homogeneous porous shell is grown on a solid silica core to create a Kinetex Core-Shell particle. This particle morphology results in less band broadening for all four sources of UHPLC band broadening compared to fully porous particles and thus delivers extremely high efficiencies.<ul><li>Optimized for Ultra-High Performance</li><li>Superior Core-Shell Quality</li><li>Core-Shell Scalability and Portability</li></ul>Kinetex particles are characterized by an exceptionally consistent size distribution, with particles being nearly monodispersed, meaning they are uniform in size. This precise uniformity plays a crucial role in minimizing variability within the column, leading to enhanced separation efficiency and sharper peaks.The nearly monodispersed nature of these particles ensures that the flow of the mobile phase remains consistent, reducing the likelihood of irregularities that can impact results. As a result, Kinetex columns deliver highly reliable and reproducible performance, making them ideal for achieving consistent analytical outcomes acrLC Kinetex Core-Shell Technolooss various applications.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_HPLC_and_UHPLC_Kinetex_Core_Shell_Technology_Columns_Kinetex_Polar_C18_vs_Fully_Porous_phase_a2729b64e5.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Kinetex Polar C18 vs Fully Porous phase" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_HPLC_and_UHPLC_Kinetex_Core_Shell_Technology_Columns_Kinetex_Polar_C18_vs_Fully_Porous_phase_a2729b64e5.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1376" height="581"><h3>Core-shell vs Fully Porous</h3><h4>High-Efficiency‚ High-Density Particle</h4>The combination of a consistent, solid, high-density core along with proprietary column packing technologies in the Kinetex HPLC column ensures optimum bed structure and high column performance. This carefully designed core structure promotes uniform packing of the particles, which is essential for minimizing band-broadening effects that can arise from Eddy Diffusion.The manufacturing process of Kinetex columns is tightly controlled, focusing on factors such as particle size distribution, surface and bonding homogeneity, and packing quality. This meticulous engineering leads to uniform packing and minimized band-broadening, resulting in superior separation efficiency.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Core_shell_vs_Fully_Porous_60601b6fa3.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Core-shell vs Fully Porous.jpg" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Core_shell_vs_Fully_Porous_60601b6fa3.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="904" height="506"><h3>Expand Your Core-Shell Selectivity Toolbox</h3>Kinetex core-shell particle LC columns deliver exceptional performance enhancements across any LC system, offering unmatched efficiency and resolution. With a choice of 11 diverse stationary phases, these columns cater to a wide range of chromatographic applications, ensuring optimal separation for various analytes.Additionally, the availability of five versatile particle sizes allows for precise method tailoring, enabling both high-speed and high-resolution separations. Whether you're using HPLC or UHPLC systems, Kinetex columns provide the flexibility and performance needed to achieve superior analytical results.<h3>Top 5 Pros of Kinetex Core-Shell Technology</h3><ul><li>Productivity: Kinetex Core-Shell Technology significantly enhances method productivity with minimal effort. By simply replacing traditional, fully porous columns with Kinetex HPLC columns, users can achieve better resolution, sensitivity, and overall productivity without extensive method redevelopment. This easy switch allows for immediate improvements in chromatographic performance, making it a cost-effective upgrade to existing methods.</li><li>Portability The Kinetex Core-Shell columns are available in a range of particle sizes (1.3 µm to 5 µm), which ensures method portability across different HPLC and UHPLC systems. This scalability allows for consistent retention and selectivity across various particle sizes while accommodating different backpressure levels, making it easier to transfer methods between instruments.</li><li>Performance Kinetex Core-Shell Technology delivers superior chromatographic efficiency compared to fully porous particles. This efficiency boost enables chromatographers to maximize the performance of their HPLC/UHPLC systems, ensuring optimal results with higher resolution and sharper peaks, even under similar method conditions.</li><li>Phases With 11 unique phase selectivities available, Kinetex Core-Shell Technology offers unmatched versatility for method development. This wide selection of phase chemistries allows for tailored separations and simplified optimization, ensuring the best possible results for a wide range of applications.</li><li>Pressure Kinetex Core-Shell columns provide higher efficiency at lower system backpressures compared to fully porous columns. This allows users to achieve superior chromatographic performance on conventional LC instruments without the need for ultra-high-pressure systems, making it a practical choice for routine analyses.</li></ul>

Phenomenex Luna C8(2) HPLC Columns

The C8 column provides less hydrophobic retention than our C18 columns, but the density of the ligand bonding creates more steric based selectivity.

The C8 column provides less hydrophobic retention than our C18 columns, but the density of the ligand bonding creates more steric based selectivity.<ul><li>Extensive line of rugged particle sizes</li><li>Easy method scalability from HPLC to preparative and bulk purification LC</li><li>C8(2) Ultra-pure, metal-free silica (99.99% purity) (USP:L7)</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Luna_C8_2_HPLC_Column_6479cab908.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Luna C8(2) HPLC Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Luna_C8_2_HPLC_Column_6479cab908.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"><ul><li>Carbon Load: 13.5, 13.5 %</li><li>Surface Area (m²/g): 400</li><li>Particle Size: 3, 5, 10, 15</li><li>Recommended Use: Separation of very hydrophobic compounds</li></ul><h4>Long Column Lifetimes and Excellent Performance</h4>Ultra-pure, metal-free silica (99.99 % purity) is the back bone of all Luna material. The resulting high quality particles have a surface smoothness, pore structure, and pore consistency to ensure a more uniform particle shape and greater reproducibility.<h4>Common Applications:</h4><ul><li>Doxepine, Doxylamine succinate, Fluoxetine, Glyburide, Ibuprofen Oral Suspension, Propranolol, Levonorgestrel, Ethinyl estradiol, Melengestrol acetate, Glucosamine</li></ul><blockquote>Stationary phase Luna C8(2) is provided in these column types: analytical, microbore, minibore, midbore, semi-preparative and preparative</blockquote><h5>Luna C8(2) HPLC Microbore, Minibore, MidBore, Analytical and Semi-preparative Columns are available with these parameters:</h5>Microbore Columns<ul><li>Column length (mm): 50, 150</li><li>Column ID (mm): 1</li><li>Particle size (µm): 3, 5</li></ul>Minibore Columns<ul><li>Column length (mm): 30, 50, 100, 150, 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 2</li><li>Particle size (µm): 3, 5</li></ul>MidBore Columns<ul><li>Column length (mm): 30, 50, 150, 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 3</li><li>Particle size (µm): 3, 5</li></ul>Analytical Columns<ul><li>Column length (mm): 30, 50, 75, 100, 150, 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 4.6</li><li>Particle size (µm): 3, 5</li></ul>Semi-Prep Columns<ul><li>Column length (mm): 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 10</li><li>Particle size (µm): 5</li></ul><h3>Phenomenex Luna HPLC Columns</h3>Luna HPLC columns are renowned for their outstanding reliability and adaptability in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Manufactured by Phenomenex, Luna HPLC columns are made from 99.999% ultra-pure, metal-free silica, with meticulous attention given to quality control across all aspects of its structure and chemistry. This guarantees that Luna columns consistently deliver reliable performance, ensuring dependable method reproducibility. The Luna series offers diverse selectivity, making it suitable for a broad range of chromatographic applications, from microbore and fast LC to preparative and bulk purification scales.All Luna products uphold the high standards our customers depend on. Featuring high surface area particles, Luna columns deliver improved resolution and performance, meeting the stringent requirements of HPLC users. Designed for longevity and consistent results, these columns are the trusted choice for both routine analyses and specialized separations, ensuring top-tier chromatographic outcomes.<h4>Explore Luna Columns</h4><ul><li>Proven Performance: Extensive line of rugged USP and Ph.Eur. phases</li><li>Maximum Reproducibility: Each column has both a certificate of analysis and a certificate of quality assurance</li><li>Ultra-High Purity: Metal free silica (99.99% purity) &nbsp;ensures a low activity surface and less secondary interactions</li><li>Scalable: Phases available in 3,5, 10 and 15 µm particle size for scaling from analytical to prep and bulk purification</li></ul>Explore resolution with 10 unique Luna selectivities and find your next selectivity tool. Combined with high surface area the Luna family of columns offers an excellent HPLC performance for a wide range of chromatographic applications.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Phases_of_Luna_Columns_5b3ae06cee.jpg" alt="Phenomenex - Phases of Luna Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Phases_of_Luna_Columns_5b3ae06cee.jpg 180w," sizes="100vw" width="565" height="490">

Phenomenex Intact XB-C8 LC columns

Biozen Intact XB-C8 column contains skillfully manufactured large pore core shell particles that provide narrower, taller peaks in conjunction with higher resolution.

Impurity profiling and characterization of intact biologic fragments is a challenging undertaking because of the need to identify very small differences between variants. Both bioZen Intact columns contain skillfully manufactured large pore core-shell particles that provide narrower, taller peaks in conjunction with higher resolution between the target HC/LC, Fc/Fab, or isoforms.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Biozen_Intact_XB_C8_HPLC_Column_c2159e0847.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Biozen Intact XB-C8 HPLC Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Biozen_Intact_XB_C8_HPLC_Column_c2159e0847.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"><ul><li>Separation Mode: Reversed Phase</li><li>Particle size: 3.6</li><li>Recommended Use: Fast separation of intact and subunit separation with hydrophobic selectivity</li></ul><h3>Phenomenex Biozen Biologics LC Columns</h3>With a new titanium BioTi™ biocompatible hardware to minimize priming, four particle platforms for optimal versatility and nine particle chemistries to maximize selectivity and sensitivity, Biozen UHPLC/HPLC columns for protein analysis are seamlessly designed to bring peace of mind to your analysis of biologics through:<ul><li>Charge Variant Analysis</li><li>Aggregate Analysis</li><li>Peptide Mapping</li><li>Intact Mass Analysis</li><li>Intact and Subunit Analysis</li><li>Glycan Analysis</li><li>Peptide Quantitation</li><li>Drug Antibody Ratio (DAR)</li><li>Oligonucleotide Characterization</li></ul><h3>Biocompatible Flow Path with BioTi™ Hardware</h3>Keep your mind at ease knowing that we’ve minimized the need for priming with a new titanium infused biocompatible hardware and frit that doesn’t interfere with protein or peptide integrity!<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Bio_Ti_Hardware_991fb53395.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: BioTi Hardware" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Bio_Ti_Hardware_991fb53395.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1378" height="426"><h3>4 Advanced Particle Platforms</h3>All four of the Biozen particle platforms were individually designed and built by Phenomenex to take advantage of integral levels of performance, ruggedness, and reproducibility for protein characterization applications. Individually, each platform differs in the proprietary processing techniques used to control particle size and morphology.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Advanced_Particle_Platforms_a0959aca03.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Advanced Particle Platforms" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Advanced_Particle_Platforms_a0959aca03.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1439" height="868">

Phenomenex Luna C8(2) HPLC Preparative Columns

The C8 column provides less hydrophobic retention than our C18 columns, but the density of the ligand bonding creates more steric based selectivity.<ul><li>Extensive line of rugged particle sizes</li><li>Easy method scalability from HPLC to preparative and bulk purification LC</li><li>C8(2) Ultra-pure, metal-free silica (99.99% purity) (USP:L7)</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Luna_C8_2_HPLC_Column_6479cab908.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Luna C8(2) HPLC Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Luna_C8_2_HPLC_Column_6479cab908.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"><ul><li>Carbon Load: 13.5, 13.5 %</li><li>Surface Area (m²/g): 400</li><li>Particle Size: 3, 5, 10, 15</li><li>Recommended Use: Separation of very hydrophobic compounds</li></ul><h4>Long Column Lifetimes and Excellent Performance</h4>Ultra-pure, metal-free silica (99.99 % purity) is the back bone of all Luna material. The resulting high quality particles have a surface smoothness, pore structure, and pore consistency to ensure a more uniform particle shape and greater reproducibility.<h4>Common Applications:</h4><ul><li>Doxepine, Doxylamine succinate, Fluoxetine, Glyburide, Ibuprofen Oral Suspension, Propranolol, Levonorgestrel, Ethinyl estradiol, Melengestrol acetate, Glucosamine</li></ul><blockquote>Stationary phase Luna C8(2) is provided in these column types: analytical, microbore, minibore, midbore, semi-preparative and preparative</blockquote><h5>Luna C8(2) HPLC Axia™ Packed Preparative Columns are available with these parameters:</h5><ul><li>Column length (mm): 50, 100, 150, 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 21.2; 30</li><li>Particle size (µm): 5, 10</li></ul><h3>Phenomenex Luna HPLC Columns</h3>Luna HPLC columns are renowned for their outstanding reliability and adaptability in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Manufactured by Phenomenex, Luna HPLC columns are made from 99.999% ultra-pure, metal-free silica, with meticulous attention given to quality control across all aspects of its structure and chemistry. This guarantees that Luna columns consistently deliver reliable performance, ensuring dependable method reproducibility. The Luna series offers diverse selectivity, making it suitable for a broad range of chromatographic applications, from microbore and fast LC to preparative and bulk purification scales.All Luna products uphold the high standards our customers depend on. Featuring high surface area particles, Luna columns deliver improved resolution and performance, meeting the stringent requirements of HPLC users. Designed for longevity and consistent results, these columns are the trusted choice for both routine analyses and specialized separations, ensuring top-tier chromatographic outcomes.<h4>Explore Luna Columns</h4><ul><li>Proven Performance: Extensive line of rugged USP and Ph.Eur. phases</li><li>Maximum Reproducibility: Each column has both a certificate of analysis and a certificate of quality assurance</li><li>Ultra-High Purity: Metal free silica (99.99% purity) &nbsp;ensures a low activity surface and less secondary interactions</li><li>Scalable: Phases available in 3,5, 10 and 15 µm particle size for scaling from analytical to prep and bulk purification</li></ul>Explore resolution with 10 unique Luna selectivities and find your next selectivity tool. Combined with high surface area the Luna family of columns offers an excellent HPLC performance for a wide range of chromatographic applications.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Phases_of_Luna_Columns_5b3ae06cee.jpg" alt="Phenomenex - Phases of Luna Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Phases_of_Luna_Columns_5b3ae06cee.jpg 180w," sizes="100vw" width="565" height="490">

Phenomenex Kinetex Core-Shell C8 Preparative HPLC Columns

Hydrophilic Polar Selectivity and Performance!The Kinetex C8 HPLC column is a core-shell-based particle with a bonded silica phase ideal for the analysis of very hydrophobic compounds. This versatile column can easily upgrade existing fully porous 5 µm and 3 µm methods to shorten run-time, increase sensitivity, and even provide greater resolution with much higher efﬁciency levels.<ul><li>Compatible with All Analytical HPLC/UHPLC Systems*</li><li>Balancing Performance &amp; Retention</li><li>USP:L7</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Kinetex_Core_Shell_C8_HPLC_Column_eb663e39df.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Kinetex Core-Shell C8 HPLC Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Kinetex_Core_Shell_C8_HPLC_Column_eb663e39df.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"><ul><li>Carbon Load: 8 (effective), 8 (effective) %</li><li>Surface Area (m²/g): 200</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 5</li><li>Recommended Use: Minimized hydrophobic retention for highly hydrophobic compounds</li></ul><h4>Balancing Speed and Retention</h4>The Kinetex core-shell C8 provides the same Kinetex performance but with a little less hydrophobic retention in comparison to the Kinetex C18 column. This C8 column is ideal for extremely hydrophobic compounds that might be too strongly retained on a traditional C18 phase column.<blockquote>Stationary phase Kinetex Core-Shell C8 is provided in these column types: analytical and preparative</blockquote>Axia Packed Preparative Columns<ul><li>Column length (mm): 50, 100, 150, 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 21.2; 30</li><li>Particle size (µm): 5</li></ul><h3>Kinetex Core-Shell Technology Columns</h3>Kinetex Core-Shell Technology delivers dramatic improvements in efficiency over conventional fully porous media, which can be leveraged to increase resolution, significantly improve productivity, reduce solvent consumption, and decrease costs. Whether you are running high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) methods, the Kinetex core-shell family can deliver shockingly improved performance over the current column you are using. Phenomenex designs, manufactures, and sells its very own silica and organo-silica core-shell particles.Advantages of Kinetex HPLC Columns<ul><li>Performance gains on ANY liquid chromatography system</li><li>System-to-system and lab-to-lab method portability</li><li>Improve the productivity of older, established methods.</li></ul><h4>How Does Core-Shell Technology Work?</h4>Core-shell technology in chromatography is a revolutionary approach that enhances the efficiency of HPLC systems while minimizing costs. Core-shell particles are designed with a solid, non-porous silica core surrounded by a porous outer layer. This unique structure allows for faster analyte mass transfer between the mobile and stationary phases, as diffusion occurs only through the thin, porous shell rather than the entire particle. This minimizes band broadening, leading to higher separation efficiency and sharper peaks.The consistency in size and shape of core-shell particles further enhances separation efficiency by reducing variability in analyte movement. As a result, core-shell HPLC columns provide high efficiency and resolution at lower backpressures, making them an ideal choice for labs looking to improve their existing HPLC systems without the need for costly UHPLC equipment.Core-shell technology thus offers a cost-effective alternative to upgrading to UHPLC systems, enabling labs to maximize the efficiency of their current HPLC setups. The formation of these particles through advanced sol-gel processing techniques ensures uniformity and reliability, making them a valuable tool in modern chromatography. By using the Kinetex HPLC column, laboratories can achieve faster analysis times and higher productivity while maintaining excellent separation performance.<h3>Kinetex Core-Shell Performance on Any LC System</h3>The 5 versatile particle sizes allow you to select the best fit for your instrument.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_HPLC_and_UHPLC_Kinetex_Core_Shell_Technology_Columns_5_particle_sizes_bbed75c36f.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Five versatile particle sizes of Kinetex Core-Shell Technology Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_HPLC_and_UHPLC_Kinetex_Core_Shell_Technology_Columns_5_particle_sizes_bbed75c36f.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1341" height="333"><h3>Particle Chemistry</h3>Using sol-gel processing techniques that incorporate nano-structuring technology, a durable, homogeneous porous shell is grown on a solid silica core to create a Kinetex Core-Shell particle. This particle morphology results in less band broadening for all four sources of UHPLC band broadening compared to fully porous particles and thus delivers extremely high efficiencies.<ul><li>Optimized for Ultra-High Performance</li><li>Superior Core-Shell Quality</li><li>Core-Shell Scalability and Portability</li></ul>Kinetex particles are characterized by an exceptionally consistent size distribution, with particles being nearly monodispersed, meaning they are uniform in size. This precise uniformity plays a crucial role in minimizing variability within the column, leading to enhanced separation efficiency and sharper peaks.The nearly monodispersed nature of these particles ensures that the flow of the mobile phase remains consistent, reducing the likelihood of irregularities that can impact results. As a result, Kinetex columns deliver highly reliable and reproducible performance, making them ideal for achieving consistent analytical outcomes acrLC Kinetex Core-Shell Technolooss various applications.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_HPLC_and_UHPLC_Kinetex_Core_Shell_Technology_Columns_Kinetex_Polar_C18_vs_Fully_Porous_phase_a2729b64e5.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Kinetex Polar C18 vs Fully Porous phase" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_HPLC_and_UHPLC_Kinetex_Core_Shell_Technology_Columns_Kinetex_Polar_C18_vs_Fully_Porous_phase_a2729b64e5.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1376" height="581"><h3>Core-shell vs Fully Porous</h3><h4>High-Efficiency‚ High-Density Particle</h4>The combination of a consistent, solid, high-density core along with proprietary column packing technologies in the Kinetex HPLC column ensures optimum bed structure and high column performance. This carefully designed core structure promotes uniform packing of the particles, which is essential for minimizing band-broadening effects that can arise from Eddy Diffusion.The manufacturing process of Kinetex columns is tightly controlled, focusing on factors such as particle size distribution, surface and bonding homogeneity, and packing quality. This meticulous engineering leads to uniform packing and minimized band-broadening, resulting in superior separation efficiency.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Core_shell_vs_Fully_Porous_60601b6fa3.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Core-shell vs Fully Porous.jpg" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Core_shell_vs_Fully_Porous_60601b6fa3.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="904" height="506"><h3>Expand Your Core-Shell Selectivity Toolbox</h3>Kinetex core-shell particle LC columns deliver exceptional performance enhancements across any LC system, offering unmatched efficiency and resolution. With a choice of 11 diverse stationary phases, these columns cater to a wide range of chromatographic applications, ensuring optimal separation for various analytes.Additionally, the availability of five versatile particle sizes allows for precise method tailoring, enabling both high-speed and high-resolution separations. Whether you're using HPLC or UHPLC systems, Kinetex columns provide the flexibility and performance needed to achieve superior analytical results.<h3>Top 5 Pros of Kinetex Core-Shell Technology</h3><ul><li>Productivity: Kinetex Core-Shell Technology significantly enhances method productivity with minimal effort. By simply replacing traditional, fully porous columns with Kinetex HPLC columns, users can achieve better resolution, sensitivity, and overall productivity without extensive method redevelopment. This easy switch allows for immediate improvements in chromatographic performance, making it a cost-effective upgrade to existing methods.</li><li>Portability The Kinetex Core-Shell columns are available in a range of particle sizes (1.3 µm to 5 µm), which ensures method portability across different HPLC and UHPLC systems. This scalability allows for consistent retention and selectivity across various particle sizes while accommodating different backpressure levels, making it easier to transfer methods between instruments.</li><li>Performance Kinetex Core-Shell Technology delivers superior chromatographic efficiency compared to fully porous particles. This efficiency boost enables chromatographers to maximize the performance of their HPLC/UHPLC systems, ensuring optimal results with higher resolution and sharper peaks, even under similar method conditions.</li><li>Phases With 11 unique phase selectivities available, Kinetex Core-Shell Technology offers unmatched versatility for method development. This wide selection of phase chemistries allows for tailored separations and simplified optimization, ensuring the best possible results for a wide range of applications.</li><li>Pressure Kinetex Core-Shell columns provide higher efficiency at lower system backpressures compared to fully porous columns. This allows users to achieve superior chromatographic performance on conventional LC instruments without the need for ultra-high-pressure systems, making it a practical choice for routine analyses.</li></ul>

Phenomenex Gemini C8(3) HPLC Columns

Gemini C8(3) purification media is optimized for human insulin and its analogues, offering exceptional mechanical strength, high packing efficiency, and enhanced resistance to caustic regeneration conditions.

<h4>Optimized Purification Media for Human Insulin and It's Analogues</h4><ul><li>Enhanced Robustness Against Caustic Regeneration Conditions</li><li>High Packing Efficiencies</li><li>Incredible Mechanical Strength</li></ul>Typically insulin purification methodologies include vital steps for column efficiency tests, equilibration, loading, and multiple caustic washes. In particular, the high pH caustic washes are very important for the removal aggregate build up, however these wash steps typical diminish column lifetime quite substantially. With the improved chemical robustness and performance of Gemini C8(3) customers can now switch their focus to higher yields and purities and minimize operational down-time due to less frequent need to replace contaminated media.<h4>QC Tested to ensure consistent selectivity for Insulin and Impurity</h4>In conjunction with a media designed specifically for insulin purification, the Quality team at Phenomenex strives to ensure high reproducibility of Gemini 10µm C8(3) through numerous quality control steps throughout the manufacturing process, including a fit for purpose human insulin QC test. This elevated level of focus on quality ultimately results in a model product for large scale insulin purification.<h5>Key features:</h5><ul><li>Carbon Load: -</li><li>Surface Area (m²/g): -</li><li>Particle Size: 10</li><li>Recommended Use: Separation of very hydrophobic compounds</li></ul><h3>Gemini HPLC Columns</h3><h4>Twin-NX technology HPLC columns. Extend your column lifetime</h4>Gemini columns are rugged reversed-phase HPLC and PREP LC columns that offer extended lifetime at pH 1-12 conditions and excellent stability for reproducible, high-efficiency separations. The Gemini family contains a variety of useful alkyl and phenyl phases bonded to fully porous organo-silica particles.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Gemini_HPLC_Columns_936267c483.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Gemini Twin Technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Gemini_HPLC_Columns_936267c483.jpg 134w," sizes="100vw" width="349" height="405"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Gemini_HPLC_Columns_2_e67e00cc54.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Gemini-NX Twin Technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Gemini_HPLC_Columns_2_e67e00cc54.jpg 134w," sizes="100vw" width="349" height="405">Each Gemini column is supplied with a Certificate of Quality Assurance (CQA) indicating testing conditions, operating parameters, and column details.

Products from category C8 HPLC columns from Phenomenex - page 1

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