<h4><strong>Continuing the conversation on toxicology innovation</strong></h4><p>In our ongoing toxicology blog series, we’ve explored sample preparation strategies, cutting-edge HRAM methods, innovative PaperSpray MS techniques, and productivity boosters for toxicology labs. Now, let’s take a deep dive into one of the most commonly requested yet technically challenging areas of forensic toxicology—<strong>accurate, efficient detection of THC and its metabolites</strong>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Behind_the_Bench_Tips_to_Simultaneously_Analyze_THC_Its_Metabolites_and_Other_Drugs_of_Abuse_Using_LC_MS_84c59fe1e6.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Behind the Bench - Tips to Simultaneously Analyze THC, Its Metabolites, and Other Drugs of Abuse Using LC-MS" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Behind_the_Bench_Tips_to_Simultaneously_Analyze_THC_Its_Metabolites_and_Other_Drugs_of_Abuse_Using_LC_MS_84c59fe1e6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="512"></p><h3><strong>The challenge: THC’s lipophilic nature and matrix effects</strong></h3><p>Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) remains one of the most frequently detected drugs in forensic testing after alcohol. Yet, its strong lipophilic properties make reliable measurement by LC-MS particularly challenging. THC and its metabolites tend to adhere to nonpolar surfaces of consumables and biological matrices, often leading to signal loss or inconsistent recovery.</p><p>The latest Thermo Fisher Scientific smart note demonstrates how strategic sample handling and consumable selection can mitigate these challenges. By maintaining methanol (MeOH) in every step of the extraction process—from collection through elution—analysts can prevent THC adsorption and improve recovery. For example, <strong>increasing MeOH content during sample prep and using a 30% MeOH wash step</strong> helped boost signal strength dramatically.</p><h3><strong>Extraction optimization: simple tweaks, big gains</strong></h3><p>The study’s workflow employed <strong>DPX XTR tips</strong> with mixed-mode SCX/WAX chemistry, analyzed on the Thermo Scientific <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/744"><strong>Vanquish Horizon UHPLC system</strong> </a>and Thermo Scientific <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1149"><strong>Stellar mass spectrometer</strong></a>. Four small but impactful changes—raising MeOH concentration, adjusting the SPE wash, switching to a biphenyl column, and altering the solvent reconstitution order—resulted in a <strong>sevenfold increase in THC signal intensity (Figure 1)</strong>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Behind_the_Bench_Tips_to_Simultaneously_Analyze_THC_Its_Metabolites_and_Other_Drugs_of_Abuse_Using_LC_MS_2_ae1c729642.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Behind the Bench: Tips to Simultaneously Analyze THC, Its Metabolites, and Other Drugs of Abuse Using LC-MS: Figure 1. THC signal in extracted oral fluid sample before and after changes were made to increase signal by 7x." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Behind_the_Bench_Tips_to_Simultaneously_Analyze_THC_Its_Metabolites_and_Other_Drugs_of_Abuse_Using_LC_MS_2_ae1c729642.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="800" height="334"></p><p>These incremental adjustments underscore how critical it is to balance organic composition and consumable materials for each matrix type. For oral fluid assays, using <strong>silanized glass vials</strong> and incorporating <strong>Quantisal™ collection buffers</strong> can also prevent degradation and significantly improve stability—up to <strong>150× higher THC signal compared to common buffers (Figure 2)</strong>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Behind_the_Bench_Tips_to_Simultaneously_Analyze_THC_Its_Metabolites_and_Other_Drugs_of_Abuse_Using_LC_MS_3_7fc8699115.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Behind the Bench: Tips to Simultaneously Analyze THC, Its Metabolites, and Other Drugs of Abuse Using LC-MS: Figure 2. Extracted ion chromatogram of THC using common oral fluid buffer compared to Quantisal extraction buffer." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Behind_the_Bench_Tips_to_Simultaneously_Analyze_THC_Its_Metabolites_and_Other_Drugs_of_Abuse_Using_LC_MS_3_7fc8699115.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="800" height="276"></p><h3><strong>Ensuring stability and recovery</strong></h3><p>Beyond extraction, analyte stability is another make-or-break factor. THC degrades quickly in standard plastic vials or at room temperature but can remain stable <strong>6–12 months when stored at –20°C in sodium heparin tubes</strong>. The Smart Note also provides practical recovery assessments for extraction development, including <strong>dry down tests</strong> and <strong>sequential elution testing</strong>, to ensure that each analyte is retained through every stage of the workflow.</p><p>By quantifying pre- and post-extraction spikes, analysts achieved <strong>high percent drug recovery</strong> and low LOQ’s across a 31-drug oral fluid panel, meeting or exceeding clinical cutoff requirements.</p><h3><strong>Isomer separation: Δ⁸-THC vs. Δ⁹-THC</strong></h3><p>With emerging cannabinoids on the market, separating Δ⁸-THC and Δ⁹-THC is increasingly important. The note highlights that <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=346&amp;manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=pfp"><strong>Pentafluorophenyl (PFP) columns</strong></a>—paired with a water/methanol mobile phase containing 0.1% formic acid—can efficiently resolve these isomers. Using a <strong>Vanquish Horizon UHPLC coupled to a </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/403"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Orbitrap Exploris™ 120 MS</strong></a>, researchers achieved clear chromatographic separation (Figure 3).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Behind_the_Bench_Tips_to_Simultaneously_Analyze_THC_Its_Metabolites_and_Other_Drugs_of_Abuse_Using_LC_MS_4_cf9379f345.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Behind the Bench: Tips to Simultaneously Analyze THC, Its Metabolites, and Other Drugs of Abuse Using LC-MS: Figure 3. Extracted ion chromatogram of Δ8-THC-COOH and Δ9-THC-COOH separation." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Behind_the_Bench_Tips_to_Simultaneously_Analyze_THC_Its_Metabolites_and_Other_Drugs_of_Abuse_Using_LC_MS_4_cf9379f345.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="800" height="328"></p><h3><strong>The takeaway: Building a robust, reliable THC assay</strong></h3><p>The bottom line? Including THC and its metabolites within a broader LC-MS drug panel is not only cost-effective but also critical to modern toxicology workflows. With deliberate choices in <strong>solvent composition, consumables, column chemistry, and buffer systems</strong>, laboratories can dramatically enhance recovery and detection reliability.</p><p>These “behind the bench” optimizations, rooted in real-world forensic workflows, illustrate how small procedural changes can deliver big performance improvements.</p><h3><strong>Continue your toxicology journey</strong></h3><p>Stay tuned for the next post in our <i>Analyte Guru</i> series and learn more on our website: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/content/lifetech/global/en/home/industrial/forensics/forensic-toxicology.html"><strong>Forensic Toxicology</strong></a>.</p><h3><strong>Resources</strong></h3><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/content/lifetech/global/en/home/industrial/forensics/forensic-toxicology/drug-screening-confirmation/workflows.html"><strong>Drug screening and confirmation workflows</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1149"><strong>Stellar Mass Spectrometer</strong></a> &amp; <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/403"><strong>Orbitrap Exploris 120 MS</strong></a> webpages</li><li>Promotions<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/content/lifetech/global/en/home/o/b/clinical-lcms-discounts.html"><strong>Save up to 40% on complete LC-MS toxicology configurations</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/content/lifetech/global/en/home/industrial/mass-spectrometry/mass-spectrometer-price-affordability-programs.html"><strong>Mass spectrometer affordability programs</strong></a><ul><li>Refurbished MS</li><li>Trade-in</li><li>Financing/ leasing</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>Past blogs in this series<ul><li>Sample prep – <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/article/6189"><strong>Sample Preparation Strategies Demystified: Choosing the Right Fit for Your Toxicology Workflow</strong></a></li><li>T<span style="color:initial;">ox Explorer – </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/article/6587"><strong>Beyond Blood: Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Develops HRAM-Powered Method for Post-Mortem Toxicology Analysis</strong></a></li><li>V<span style="color:initial;">eriSpray – </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/article/6860"><strong>Advancing Drug Analysis with PaperSpray MS</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/article/6953"><strong>Boosting Productivity in Toxicology Labs</strong></a></li></ul></li><li>On-demand workshop – <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/4735"><strong>Next-Generation Workflows for Small Molecule Quantitation Using the Thermo Scientific Stellar Mass Spectrometer</strong></a></li><li><strong><u>Featured content</u></strong>: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/sn_004171_cl_lsms_stellar_thc_sn004171_na_en_62724465f8.pdf"><strong>Tips and tricks smartnote</strong></a></li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>Visit us on&nbsp;</strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/72003132/admin/dashboard/"><strong><u>LinkedIn:</u></strong></a>&nbsp;#THC #LCMS #DrugsOfAbuse #DoA</p></blockquote>

Behind the Bench: Tips to Simultaneously Analyze THC, Its Metabolites, and Other Drugs of Abuse Using LC-MS

<h3><strong>Eluent Preheating in Preparative HPLC: Why It Matters and What It Improves</strong></h3><p>In preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), where large-format columns and elevated flow rates are routinely used, temperature control becomes a decisive factor for achieving reliable separation performance. Although many HPLC systems are equipped with column ovens to regulate column temperature, heating the mobile phase before it reaches the column is often just as important. If the incoming eluent is significantly cooler than the column, thermal imbalance can occur, leading to temperature gradients, lower separation efficiency, and compromised peak shapes.</p><p>This article explains why eluent preheating is important in preparative HPLC and summarizes the practical advantages it offers. It also presents the role of KNAUER Heating Sleeves and the KNAUER High Flow Eluent Heater, both of which are designed to provide stable and controlled thermal conditions in preparative LC workflows.</p><h3><strong>Why Eluent Preheating Is Important in Preparative HPLC</strong></h3><h4><strong>Larger column dimensions and thermal gradients</strong></h4><p>Preparative HPLC columns usually have much larger inner diameters than analytical columns. As the column diameter increases, it becomes more difficult for a conventional column oven, which heats the column from the outside, to heat the full column cross-section evenly. This challenge becomes even more pronounced when room-temperature solvent continuously enters the column and cools its internal core.</p><p>When a cold mobile phase enters a heated column, it can create a radial temperature gradient: the outer part of the column remains warmer, while the center stays cooler. As a result, different parts of the column operate under different temperature conditions. This affects solvent viscosity, retention behavior, and mass transfer, causing analytes to migrate unevenly through the column bed. The practical consequence is often peak broadening, distortion, or loss of resolution.</p><h4><strong>Effects on peak shape and chromatographic efficiency</strong></h4><p>If the eluent temperature does not match the column temperature, column performance can deteriorate substantially. In one reported example using a 4 mm ID column under fast UHPLC conditions, a radial thermal gradient reduced the effective plate count by more than 50%, severely affecting the separation.</p><p>In preparative HPLC, the risk is even greater because columns often have inner diameters of 20 mm, 50 mm, or even 100 mm. Experiments with a 20 mm ID preparative column showed that running at 40 °C without mobile phase preheating resulted in poor peak shapes. Only when the mobile phase was preconditioned to the same temperature as the column did the peaks become sharp and symmetric again.</p><p>This clearly shows that temperature mismatches can cause severe band broadening or even peak splitting, while proper preheating helps preserve peak integrity.</p><h4><strong>Frictional heating at high flow rates</strong></h4><p>Preparative HPLC also operates at much higher flow rates than analytical methods, which can generate significant frictional heat inside the column. The amount of heat generated is related to the product of pressure and flow rate. In practical terms, 800 bar at 1 mL/min can generate a similar heating effect as 400 bar at 2 mL/min.</p><p>In preparative chromatography, pressures may be lower, for example 100–200 bar, but flow rates can reach 10–50 mL/min or more. This means that frictional heating can still be considerable. If the incoming solvent is much cooler than the column, the internally generated heat may intensify temperature differences both along the column and across its radius. Therefore, even at moderate pressure, very high flow rates require careful thermal management.</p><p><strong>Without eluent preheating, a preparative column operated at elevated temperature may suffer from:</strong></p><ul><li>Radial temperature differences between the column core and the column wall, resulting in non-uniform separation conditions</li><li>Lower efficiency and resolution due to thermally induced band broadening</li><li>Poor peak shapes, including tailing, fronting, or peak splitting caused by uneven temperature distribution</li><li>Variable retention times, because different regions of the column effectively operate at different temperatures</li><li>Potentially increased backpressure, since colder solvent entering a heated column has higher viscosity until it reaches thermal equilibrium</li></ul><p>These issues demonstrate why mobile phase preheating is often necessary in preparative HPLC. It ensures that the solvent enters the column at, or close to, the target column temperature, reducing thermal shock and minimizing temperature gradients.</p><h3><strong>Benefits of Eluent Preheating</strong></h3><p>Preheating the eluent helps establish stable and uniform thermal conditions throughout the chromatographic system. This provides several important advantages.</p><h5><strong>Sharper peaks and improved efficiency</strong></h5><p>When the mobile phase is heated to match the column temperature, the column operates under near-isothermal conditions. This minimizes radial thermal gradients and allows the entire sample band to travel through a consistent separation environment. As a result, peak shape improves, band broadening is reduced, and separation efficiency increases. This is especially important for large-diameter preparative columns.</p><h5><strong>Reproducible retention times</strong></h5><p>Retention times are sensitive to temperature. Preheating the mobile phase helps keep the entire column, from inlet to outlet, at a stable and defined temperature. This improves run-to-run reproducibility and supports reliable method transfer and scale-up.</p><h5><strong>Avoidance of thermal mismatch effects</strong></h5><p>A controlled thermal environment prevents problems that occur when cold solvent enters a hot column. These include distorted peak shapes, irregular peak profiles, and peak splitting. Optimal results require not only heating the column itself, but also equilibrating the complete flow path. A preheated eluent ensures that the conditions at the column inlet match the conditions inside the column.</p><h5><strong>Lower solvent viscosity and reduced backpressure</strong></h5><p>Heating the mobile phase reduces solvent viscosity. A warmer solvent flows more easily through the column, which can lower system backpressure. This is particularly useful in preparative HPLC, where high flow rates and viscous solvent mixtures may otherwise approach pump pressure limits. Reduced viscosity can also improve mass transfer kinetics and may support faster, more efficient separations.</p><h5><strong>Better performance and higher throughput</strong></h5><p>With improved peak shape, better resolution, and potentially higher flow rates, preparative productivity can increase. Larger sample amounts can be processed more efficiently without sacrificing separation quality. Stable temperature control also improves method robustness, which is especially valuable in regulated environments and scale-up workflows.</p><p>In short, eluent preheating is not only a convenient enhancement. In many preparative HPLC applications, it is essential for achieving stable, reproducible, and high-quality separations.</p><h4><strong>Preparative HPLC With and Without Eluent Preheating</strong></h4><h5><strong>Column temperature profile</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Without preheating: </strong>Significant radial and axial temperature gradients may form. The center of the column can remain cooler than the outer region.</li><li><strong>With eluent preheating:</strong> Temperature is more uniform throughout the column, with minimal radial gradients.</li></ul><h5><strong>Peak shape and efficiency</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Without preheating: </strong>Peaks may become broadened, tailing, fronting, or split due to thermal mismatch and uneven analyte migration. Efficiency can be strongly reduced.</li><li><strong>With eluent preheating: </strong>Peaks remain sharper and more symmetric. Band broadening is minimized and the column can deliver its full efficiency potential.</li></ul><h5><strong>Retention time stability</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Without preheating: </strong>Retention times can become less predictable because the solvent warms inside the column during the run.</li><li><strong>With eluent preheating: </strong>Retention times are highly reproducible due to stable isothermal conditions.</li></ul><h5><strong>Backpressure</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Without preheating:</strong> Backpressure may initially be higher because cold solvent has greater viscosity when it enters the heated column.</li><li><strong>With eluent preheating:</strong> Backpressure is lower and more consistent because solvent viscosity is reduced before column entry.</li></ul><h5><strong>Throughput and sample load</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Without preheating</strong>: Operating conditions may need to be more conservative to avoid thermal effects, limiting flow rate or loading.</li><li><strong>With eluent preheating:</strong> Higher flow rates and larger loads can often be used while maintaining chromatographic performance.</li></ul><p>By solving these thermal challenges, eluent preheating helps protect separation quality and allows users to fully exploit the capabilities of preparative columns.</p><h4><strong>KNAUER Heating Sleeves for Uniform Column Temperature</strong></h4><p>KNAUER Heating Sleeves are designed to maintain stable column temperature across the full column body, particularly for large preparative columns that may not fit into standard column ovens. These flexible heaters wrap directly around the column and provide uniform heat along its length.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_column_heating_sleeves_94659add66.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Column heating sleeves" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_column_heating_sleeves_94659add66.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1306" height="657"></p><p>They can thermostatically control column temperature up to 100 °C and are suitable for very large columns, up to 1000 mm in length and 100 mm ID. This makes them highly suitable for preparative applications, where column dimensions are often customized and difficult to accommodate in conventional thermostatted compartments.</p><h5><strong>Key features and advantages include:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Direct and uniform heating for large columns: </strong>Heating sleeves transfer heat directly to the column wall, unlike air-based ovens that may struggle with larger column diameters. This helps eliminate cold spots and improves temperature consistency.</li><li><strong>Custom fit and broad compatibility: </strong>KNAUER Heating Sleeves are available in standard sizes and can also be manufactured for specific column dimensions. They can accommodate preparative columns up to 100 cm in length and 10 cm in diameter.</li><li><strong>Temperature range up to 100 °C: </strong>This covers the typical temperature range used in HPLC method development and preparative purification. Elevated temperatures, such as 50–80 °C, can improve separation behavior and reduce solvent viscosity.</li><li><strong>Improved chromatographic performance: </strong>By maintaining the column at the desired temperature, the sleeves help reduce solvent viscosity, lower backpressure, and improve mass transfer. This can support more efficient preparative separations.</li><li><strong>Easy installation and flexible setup:</strong> Heating sleeves are compact and easy to mount. They do not require bulky oven hardware and can be used in flexible system configurations.</li></ul><p>When combined with an eluent preheater, a column heating sleeve helps ensure that both the mobile phase and column remain thermally equilibrated throughout the separation.</p><h4><strong>KNAUER High Flow Eluent Heater for Pre-Column Temperature Control</strong></h4><p>While the heating sleeve controls the temperature of the column itself, the KNAUER High Flow Eluent Heater heats the mobile phase before it reaches the column inlet. Devices such as the <strong>AZURA® ELH 2.1L Eluent Heater</strong> are specifically designed for the high flow rates used in preparative LC.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_AZURA_ELH_2_1_L_High_Flow_Eluent_Heater_Single_Channel_with_One_Column_Heating_Plug_2_508f4955cd.jpg" alt="Knauer: AZURA® ELH 2.1L High-Flow Eluent Heater Single Channel, with One Column Heating Plug" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_AZURA_ELH_2_1_L_High_Flow_Eluent_Heater_Single_Channel_with_One_Column_Heating_Plug_2_508f4955cd.jpg 237w," sizes="100vw" width="1015" height="669"></p><p>The eluent heater is typically installed after the pump and injector. As the mobile phase passes through the heating coil, it is brought to the target temperature before entering the column. This prevents a cold solvent front from disturbing the thermal equilibrium of the column.</p><h5><strong>Important features and advantages include:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Support for high flow rates</strong>: The device is designed for preparative-scale flow rates up to 300 mL/min, covering a wide range of semi-preparative and preparative applications.</li><li><strong>Wide temperature range:</strong> The heater can bring eluents up to 100 °C, providing flexibility for method optimization and viscosity reduction.</li><li><strong>Dual eluent channels: </strong>Depending on the configuration, the system can heat two solvent streams in parallel, which is useful for binary solvent systems or dual-column setups.</li><li><strong>Column sleeve integration: </strong>The AZURA ELH 2.1L can control the temperature of up to two eluents and support two column heating sleeves, allowing coordinated thermal management of both solvent and column.</li><li><strong>Precise temperature control with low dead volume: </strong>The device uses efficient heating coil cartridges designed to minimize dispersion. External PT100 sensors can monitor temperatures at key points, such as the column inlet and outlet.</li><li><strong>Software and touchscreen control:</strong> The heater integrates with KNAUER AZURA preparative HPLC systems and can be controlled via PurityChrom® software or through an integrated 5.7” color touchscreen.</li><li><strong>Cleanroom-compatible version: </strong>KNAUER also offers versions suitable for cleanroom environments, supporting eluent preheating and column sleeve control in one device.</li></ul><p>By heating the mobile phase before it reaches the column, the High Flow Eluent Heater prevents sudden temperature drops at the column inlet and reduces the formation of thermal profiles inside the column.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>Eluent preheating is a critical factor in preparative HPLC, where large column dimensions and high flow rates make temperature control more challenging than in analytical-scale separations. By reducing temperature differences between the mobile phase and the column, preheating helps preserve efficiency, resolution, and reproducibility.</p><p>In practice, this means sharper peaks, more stable retention times, lower and more consistent backpressure, and improved high-throughput purification performance.</p><p>KNAUER offers dedicated temperature-control solutions for preparative HPLC, including Heating Sleeves for large columns and the High Flow Eluent Heater for pre-column mobile phase conditioning. Together, these tools address common thermal problems such as radial gradients, cold solvent effects, and frictional heating.</p><p>For laboratories working with preparative HPLC, eluent preheating and column heating are straightforward but highly effective steps toward more reproducible, efficient, and high-performing separations.</p><blockquote><p>For further information on this topic, please contact our author: <strong>losch@knauer.net</strong></p></blockquote>

The importance of temperature control in preparative liquid chromatography.

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 18, 2026

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Based in Berlin, KNAUER is a medium-sized, owner-managed company that has been serving the sciences since 1962. We develop and manufacture scientific instruments of superior quality for liquid chromatography, including: Analytical HPLC/UHPLC, Preparative HPLC, Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), Multi-column chromatography/Simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography. High pressure dosing, in-line detection systems, and osmometry are additional business areas.

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Waters ACQUITY APC Columns

Waters ACQUITY Advanced Polymer Chromatography (APC) Columns with novel capabilities for chromatographic efficiency, speed and resolution that cannot be matched by conventional GPC methods.

<h4><strong>ACQUITY APC AQ BEH Column</strong></h4><p>ACQUITY APC AQ columns are designed to provide highly efficient size-based separations for water soluble polymer characterization. The sorbent uses patented Ethylene Bridge Hybrid (BEH) technology to provide a mechanical strong packed bed that resists shinking and swelling for easy mobile phase solvent switching. The expected molecular weight range for this column is approximatley 1, 000 - 30, 000 g/mole.</p><h4><strong>Specifications</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Separation Mode:</strong> SEC/GPC</li><li><strong>Particle Substrate: </strong>Hybrid</li><li><strong>pH Range Min:</strong> 1 pH</li><li><strong>pH Range Max: </strong>8 pH</li><li><strong>Endcapped: </strong>No</li><li><strong>Silanol Activity: </strong>Medium</li><li><strong>Molecular Weight Range Min:</strong> 1000</li><li><strong>Molecular Weight Range Max:</strong> 30000</li><li><strong>Particle Shape: </strong>Spherical</li><li><strong>Particle Size:</strong> 1,7 µm &nbsp;/ 2.5 µm&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Endfitting Type: </strong>Parker-style</li><li><strong>System:</strong> APC</li><li><strong>Particle Technology:</strong> BEH</li><li><strong>Technique: </strong>SEC</li></ul><h4><strong>ACQUITY APC XT BEH Column</strong></h4><p>ACQUITY APC XT columns are optimized to provide highly efficient size-based separations for organic solvent soluble polymer characterization. The sorbent uses patented Ethylene Bridge Hybrid (BEH) technology to provide a mechanical strong packed bed that resists shinking and swelling for easy mobile phase solvent switching.The expected molecular weight range for this column is approximatley 1,000 - 30,000 g/mole.</p><h4><strong>Specifications</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Separation Mode:</strong> SEC/GPC</li><li><strong>Particle Substrate: </strong>Hybrid</li><li><strong>pH Range Min:</strong> 1 pH</li><li><strong>pH Range Max: </strong>12 pH</li><li><strong>Endcapped: </strong>No</li><li><strong>Silanol Activity: </strong>Low</li><li><strong>Molecular Weight Range Min:</strong> 1000</li><li><strong>Molecular Weight Range Max:</strong> 30000</li><li><strong>Particle Shape: </strong>Spherical</li><li><strong>Particle Size:</strong> 1,7 µm &nbsp;/ 2.5 µm&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Endfitting Type: </strong>Parker-style</li><li><strong>System:</strong> APC</li><li><strong>Particle Technology:</strong> BEH</li><li><strong>Technique: </strong>GPC</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_APC_AQ_BEH_Column_0c0d837b73.jpeg" alt="Waters: ACQUITY APC Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_APC_AQ_BEH_Column_0c0d837b73.jpeg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="660" height="440"></p><h3><strong>ACQUITY APC Columns</strong></h3><h4><strong>Achieve superior speed and resolution for polymer characterization</strong></h4><p>Achieving superior performance and reliability with high resolution polymer characterization can be a challenge. <strong>ACQUITY Advanced Polymer Chromatography (APC) Columns</strong> are designed for polymer scientists like you, with novel capabilities for chromatographic efficiency, speed and resolution that cannot be matched by conventional GPC methods. With these columns, you can quantify and characterize polymer samples with confidence and accuracy while maximizing productivity.</p><p>The <strong>Ethylene Bridged Hybrid (BEH) particles</strong> used in ACQUITY APC Columns enable rapid solvent switching and the ability to use multiple conditions for the same bank of columns. Conventional polymeric stationary phases are dedicated to a single set of analytical conditions and solvent because the chromatographic bed is vulnerable to shrinking and swelling. By eliminating this undesirable behavior, ACQUITY APC Columns allow for maximum robustness and method development flexibility.</p><h4><strong>Overview</strong></h4><ul><li>Eliminate the shrinking and swelling that often occurs with polymeric stationary phases upon solvent switching with a stable chromatographic column bed&nbsp;</li><li>Achieve unmatched separation speed, resolution, and chromatographic efficiency from optimized pore volumes and particle size</li><li>Meet workflow requirements with 1.7 and 2.5 μm columns for organic and aqueous size-based separation</li><li>Achieve industry-leading column-to-column reproducibility with exceptionally reliable columns from a tightly controlled column manufacturing process</li><li><strong>Recommended Use: </strong>For rapid and accurate chromatographic characterization of synthetic polymer and macromolecular species.&nbsp;</li></ul><h4><strong>ACQUITY APC Column Featured Technologies</strong></h4><h5><strong>BEH Technology</strong></h5><ul><li>Rugged hybrid organic/inorganic base particle</li><li>Improved peak shape for bases- low silanol activity</li><li>Wider operating pH range for method development flexibility</li><li>Mechanical strength for maximum column efficiency at UHPLC operating pressures</li></ul><h4><strong>ACQUITY APC Column Characteristics</strong></h4><h5><strong>ACQUITY APC XT Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>Designed to provide high efficiency sized-based separations for organic soluble polymer characterization</li><li>Uses BEH particle technology</li><li>Stable column bed that resists shrinking and swelling for easy mobile-phase solvent switching</li><li>Features an extended temperature range up to 90 °C</li><li>Designed for organic solvent-based separations</li></ul><h5><strong>ACQUITY APC AQ Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>Designed to provide high efficiency sized-based separations for water soluble polymer characterization</li><li>Uses BEH particle technology</li><li>Robust separations up to 45 °C</li><li>Designed for aqueous-soluble polymer separations</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_APC_Columns_2268ceb5f5.jpeg" alt="Waters: ACQUITY APC Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_APC_Columns_2268ceb5f5.jpeg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p><h4><strong>Unprecedented capacity for rapid solvent switching</strong></h4><p>Use multiple conditions for the same column bank with rapid solvent switching using the rigid hybrid particles in ACQUITY APC Chromatography Columns. Conventional polymeric phases are often dedicated to single analysis conditions because the chromatographic bed is vulnerable to shrinking and swelling that can be potentially harmful to the column. By eliminating this constraint, ACQUITY APC Chromatography Columns provide more freedom for method development and deliver advanced polymer characterization for a diverse range of samples.</p><h4><strong>Reduce calibration time by a factor of 3-5x and increase resolution</strong></h4><p>With long conventional Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) run times of up to one hour or more, analyses of standards and samples can be quite time-consuming. In addition to long GPC run times, the large extra-column volume of conventional GPC systems can result in peak bandspreading, reducing the resolution and thus accuracy of the calibration points. Combined with the lower dispersion ACQUITY APC System, small particle ACQUITY APC Columns deliver less bandspreading and narrower, sharper peaks compared to the conventional GPC system. Additionally, robust sub-3-µm APC Column Technology supports higher flow rate and backpressures, thereby improving resolution.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_A_comparison_of_run_times_and_resolution_for_polystyrene_standards_Mp_100_K_10_K_and_1_K_on_a_conventional_GPC_system_and_the_ACQUITY_APC_System_37cfb15ed5.jpeg" alt="Waters: A comparison of run times and resolution for polystyrene standards (Mp: 100K, 10K, and 1K) on a conventional GPC system and the ACQUITY APC System. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_A_comparison_of_run_times_and_resolution_for_polystyrene_standards_Mp_100_K_10_K_and_1_K_on_a_conventional_GPC_system_and_the_ACQUITY_APC_System_37cfb15ed5.jpeg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p><h4><strong>Ensure reproducible column performance</strong></h4><p>Reproducible column performance is one of the most critical factors for achieving long-term method reliability during polymer characterization. Each step of our column manufacturing process is monitored and tightly controlled to maintain unmatched product reproducibility. Every test, from raw material characterization to final batch analysis, is designed to ensure that ACQUITY APC Columns perform the same from column-to-column, batch-to-batch, and year-to-year.</p>

Waters SEC Columns

Get unmatched batch-to-batch reproducibility with the wide range of Waters Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) Columns and standards for protein and peptide characterization.

<h4><strong>Size-based separations of peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, LNPs, and viral vectors</strong></h4><p>Get unmatched batch-to-batch reproducibility with the wide range of <strong>Waters Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) Columns</strong> and standards for protein and peptide characterization.</p><p><strong>SEC</strong> is a powerful technique for aggregate and fragment analysis in the <strong>research, development</strong>, and <strong>manufacturing of biotherapeutic proteins</strong>, such as <strong>insulin</strong> and <strong>monoclonal antibodies</strong> (mAb). With SEC, also known as gel filtration, you can separate proteins based on their size (hydrodynamic radii versus absolute molecular weight) in solution, with larger sized species eluting before smaller proteins.</p><p>The <strong>pore size and volume</strong> of the SEC particles used in the packed column drives this <strong>isocratic based technique</strong>, so the column you choose matters. As the molecular weight of the proteins of interest increases, SEC columns with comparatively larger pore size particles are selected.</p><h4><strong>Overview</strong></h4><ul><li>Gain efficiency with this “platform based” method for <strong>proteins ranging from 10,000 to 650,000 Daltons</strong>, leveraging <strong>MaxPeak Premier Technology</strong> coupled with <strong>BEH-PEO Particle Technology&nbsp;</strong> &nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Minimize non-desired secondary interactions </strong>for improved separation reproducibility and results with Ethylene Bridged Hybrid (BEH) SEC particles</li><li>Ensure reliable <strong>column-to-column and batch-to-batch performance</strong> with columns quality control tested with relevant peptide, protein, and mAb samples &nbsp;</li><li>Achieve reliable <strong>high throughput analysis on UPLC</strong> systems with our <strong>1.7 µm particle size</strong> offering and reproducible separations on any <strong>HPLC, UHPLC, or UPLC system</strong> to address different application needs with <strong>2.5 µm&nbsp;</strong></li><li><strong>Extend analytical column life</strong> and<strong> lower cost per analyses </strong>with SEC Guards&nbsp;</li><li>Confirm on-site SEC column and LC system performance with available BEH125, BEH200, BEH450, and mAb Size Variant Standards &nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Manufactured in a cGMP, ISO 9001</strong> certified plant using stringent manufacturing protocols and ultra-pure reagents</li></ul><p><strong>Recommended Use: </strong>For size-based peptide, protein, and viral vector analyses.</p><h4><strong>System Dispersion Specifications for Column Recommendations</strong></h4><h5><strong>LC System Dispersions &lt;20 µL (UPLC)</strong></h5><ul><li>ACQUITY Premier Protein SEC 250 Å Guards and Columns</li><li>ACQUITY UPLC Protein BEH SEC 125 Å, 200 Å, and 450 Å Guards and Columns</li><li>1.7 µm guards and columns for low dispersion UPLC systems</li></ul><h5><strong>LC System Dispersions &gt;20 µL – ≤35 µL (UHPLC)</strong></h5><ul><li>XBridge Premier Protein SEC 250 Å Guards and Columns</li><li>XBridge Protein BEH SEC 125 Å, 200 Å, and 450 Å Guards and Columns</li><li>BioResolve mAb SEC Guards and Columns</li><li>2.5 µm guards and columns for UHPLC systems</li></ul><h5><strong>LC System Dispersions &gt;35 µL (HPLC)</strong></h5><ul><li>XBridge Protein BEH SEC 125 Å, 200 Å, and 450 Å Guards and Columns</li><li>XBridge Premier Protein SEC 250 Å Guards and Columns</li><li>BioResolve mAb SEC Guards and Columns</li><li>BioSuite SEC Guards and Columns</li><li>3.5 µm guards and columns for HPLC systems</li></ul><h4><strong>GTxResolve SEC Columns</strong></h4><h5><strong>GTxResolve Premier BEH SEC 450 Å Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>2.5 µm particle size columns for UHPLC and UPLC separations</li><li>Lower secondary interactions and lower noise suitable for platform methods</li><li>Low adsorption hardware necessary for analysis of biologics samples</li><li>450 Å pore size with up to 50% higher resolving power reducing need for sample consumption, resulting in faster analyses<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/nextgen/us/en/products/columns/GTxResolve-sec-columns.html"><strong>Explore GTxResolve SEC Columns</strong></a></li></ul></li></ul><h5><strong>GTxResolve Premier SEC 1000 Å Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>3 µm columns for UHPLC and UPLC separations</li><li>1000 Å columns with high efficiency for aggregate analysis of GTx drugs with diameter of 80-200 nm</li><li>Low secondary interaction &amp; improved compatibility with universally applied detector, such as MALS</li><li>Low adsorption hardware necessary for analysis of biologics samples<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/nextgen/us/en/products/columns/GTxResolve-sec-columns.html"><strong>Explore GTxResolve SEC Columns</strong></a></li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_G_Tx_Resolve_SEC_Columns_1b8741a62b.jpg" alt="Waters: GTxResolve SEC Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_G_Tx_Resolve_SEC_Columns_1b8741a62b.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p><h4><strong>Protein SEC Columns</strong></h4><h5><strong>ACQUITY Premier Protein SEC 250 Å Guards and Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>Sub-2-μm particle columns for UPLC separations</li><li>250 Å pore size</li><li>High throughput &amp; resolution SEC separations of biomolecules ranging from 10,000 to 650,000 Daltons on low dispersion UPLC Systems</li><li>Available SEC Guard Columns to extend analytical SEC Column life</li><li>Significantly reduce non-desired ionic and hydrophobic secondary interaction for desired SEC platform methods with MaxPeak Premier Technology and BEH-PEO SEC particle technology<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/nextgen/us/en/products/columns/acquity-premier-columns.html"><strong>Explore ACQUITY Premier Protein BEH SEC Guards and Columns</strong></a></li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_Premier_Columns_featuring_Max_Peak_HPS_Technology_11a541350e.jpg" alt="Waters: ACQUITY Premier Columns featuring MaxPeak HPS Technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_Premier_Columns_featuring_Max_Peak_HPS_Technology_11a541350e.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p><h5><strong>XBridge Premier Protein SEC 250 Å Guards and Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>2.5 μm particle columns for HPLC and UHPLC separations</li><li>250 Å pore size</li><li>High resolution SEC separations of biomolecules ranging from 10,000 to 650,000 Daltons on any LC system</li><li>Available SEC Guard Columns to extend analytical SEC Column life</li><li>Significantly reduce non-desired ionic and hydrophobic secondary interaction for desired SEC platform methods with MaxPeak Premier Technology and BEH-PEO SEC particle technology</li><li>Specifically designed and QC tested with NIST-based, mAb Size Variant Standard to help ensure batch-to-batch consistency<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/waters/global/Waters-XBridge-Premier-Columns/nav.htm"><strong>Explore XBridge Premier Protein BEH SEC Columns</strong></a></li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_X_Bridge_Premier_Columns_0230c90278.jpg" alt="Waters: XBridge Premier Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_X_Bridge_Premier_Columns_0230c90278.jpg 193w," sizes="100vw" width="950" height="768"></p><h5><strong>BioResolve mAb SEC Guards and Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>2.5 μm particle columns for UPLC, UHPLC, and HPLC separations</li><li>200 Å pore size</li><li>Obtain reproducible, accurate quantitation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), associated high molecular weight aggregates (&gt;300,000 Da), and lower molecular weight fragments (e.g., &lt;100,000 Da)</li><li>Each packed column is tested with NIST-based, mAb size variant standard to help ensure batch-to-batch and column-to-column performance consistency<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/waters/global/BioResolve-SEC-mAb-Consumables-%7C-SEC-Guards/nav.htm"><strong>Explore BioResolve mAb SEC Guards and Columns</strong></a></li></ul></li></ul><h5><strong>ACQUITY UPLC Protein BEH SEC Guards and Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>Sub-2-μm particle columns for UPLC separations (2.5 μm for 450 Å)</li><li>Pore size options include: 125 Å, 200 Å, and 450 Å</li><li>Available SEC Guard Columns to extend analytical SEC Column life</li><li>Specifically designed and QC tested with BEH125, BEH200, or BEH450 protein standards to help ensure batch-to-batch consistency</li><li>10x faster than traditional HPLC-based SEC<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/nextgen/us/en/products/columns/acquity-uplc-columns.html"><strong>Explore ACQUITY UPLC Protein BEH SEC Guards and Columns</strong></a></li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Acquity_UPLC_kolony_1dc5c25d3e/Waters-Acquity-UPLC-kolony.jpg" alt="Waters: Acquity UPLC columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Acquity_UPLC_kolony_1dc5c25d3e/thumbnail_Waters-Acquity-UPLC-kolony.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="807" height="407"></p><h5><strong>XBridge Protein BEH SEC Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>2.5 μm particle columns for use on any UPLC, UHPLC, or HPLC system</li><li>Pore size options include: 125 Å, 200 Å, and 450 Å</li><li>Available SEC Guard Columns to extend analytical SEC Column life</li><li>Specifically designed and QC tested with BEH125, BEH200, or BEH450 protein standards to help ensure batch-to-batch consistency<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/waters/global/XBridge-BEH-Columns-for-High-pH-Chromatography/nav.htm"><strong>Explore XBridge Protein BEH SEC Columns</strong></a></li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_X_Bridge_Columns_b0b55de501/Waters-XBridge-Columns.jpg" alt="Waters: XBridge Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_X_Bridge_Columns_b0b55de501/thumbnail_Waters-XBridge-Columns.jpg 203w," sizes="100vw" width="900" height="691"></p><h4><strong>Peptide SEC Columns</strong></h4><h5><strong>BioSuite SEC Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>Silica-based diol SEC columns</li><li>Molecular weight exclusion limits are determined primarily by the selected pore size</li><li>Available in analytical and semi-preparative column sizes<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/waters/global/BioSuite-Columns/nav.htm"><strong>Explore BioSuite SEC Columns</strong></a></li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Bio_Suite_Columns_bf2bb8249f.jpg" alt="Waters: BioSuite Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Bio_Suite_Columns_bf2bb8249f.jpg 184w," sizes="100vw" width="307" height="260"></p><h5><strong>Protein-Pak SEC Columns</strong></h5><ul><li>Based on a 10 μm diol-bonded silica</li><li>Resolve proteins that differ in molecular weight by a factor of two</li><li>Distinguish proteins differing by as little as 15% in molecular weight<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/waters/global/Protein-Pak-HPLC-and-UPLC-Columns/nav.htm"><strong>Explore Protein-Pak SEC Columns</strong></a></li></ul></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Protein_Pak_Columns_be6a669326.jpg" alt="Waters: Protein-Pak Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Protein_Pak_Columns_be6a669326.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="315"></p><h4><strong>Choose the right SEC Column for your lab</strong></h4><p>SEC is ideal for aggregate and fragment analysis in the research, development, and manufacturing of biotherapeutic peptides, proteins, and viral vectors, but choosing the right column for your analysis is important. Use the following criteria to choose a column that provides reliable, high quality SEC analyses of various biomolecules, including insulin, monoclonal antibodies, and adeno associated viruses (AAVs).</p><h5><strong>What to consider when choosing an SEC Column:</strong></h5><ul><li>What is the molecular weight of your sample?</li><li>What is the dispersion of your LC system?</li><li>Are you separating components &lt;2 fold difference in molecular weight (MW)?</li><li>Are you separating components &gt;2 fold difference in MW?</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Choose_the_right_Size_exclusion_chromatography_SEC_column_for_your_analysis_with_Waters_SEC_columns_selection_guide_b81f674f65.jpg" alt="Waters: Choose the right Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) column for your analysis with Waters SEC columns selection guide." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Choose_the_right_Size_exclusion_chromatography_SEC_column_for_your_analysis_with_Waters_SEC_columns_selection_guide_b81f674f65.jpg 158w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="1013"></p><h4><strong>Addressing the complexity of SEC Separations</strong></h4><p>Experience the advancements in SEC-based technologies to address non-desired specific ionic and hydrophobic interactions for more reliable results with ACQUITY Premier Protein SEC and XBridge Premier Protein SEC Columns and Guards.</p><h5><strong>With MaxPeak Premier SEC Columns, you can:</strong></h5><ul><li>Reproducibly resolve injected sample components that are less than 2x different in size for challenging applications</li><li>Use a ‘platform SEC method’ to reduce method development time and cost</li><li>Ensure batch-to-batch and column-to-column performance</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Classes_of_therapeutic_proteins_separated_on_an_ACQUITY_Premier_Protein_SEC_Column_d3f74a8ea4.jpg" alt="Waters: Classes of therapeutic proteins separated on an ACQUITY Premier Protein SEC Column." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Classes_of_therapeutic_proteins_separated_on_an_ACQUITY_Premier_Protein_SEC_Column_d3f74a8ea4.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p>

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