EU Regulation 396/2005: Pesticide Residue Testing and the Critical Role of QuEChERS Evaporation in Food Safety

<div><div>Researchers led by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://kudova.group.uochb.cz/en">Eva Kudová</a> from IOCB Prague and Jitka Viktorová from UCT Prague have identified new androstane-based steroid derivatives that can significantly improve the effectiveness of existing antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.</div></div><div>The team screened dozens of natural steroidal hormones and synthetic derivatives to see whether they could block bacterial efflux pumps – mechanisms that bacteria use to eject antibiotics and survive treatment. Two compounds emerged as particularly promising: they inhibited efflux pumps and lowered the effective doses of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and erythromycin.Further analysis showed that one of the compounds also suppressed genes linked to bacterial virulence. Another key finding is that the most active molecules are non-toxic to human immune cells and showed no detectable endocrine activity, suggesting a favorable safety profile.These findings support the idea that rationally designed steroid-based molecules could act as antibiotic adjuvants, helping existing drugs overcome bacterial resistance.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/IOCB_Prague_Steroidal_hormones_and_neurosteroids_novel_therapeutic_strategies_in_bacterial_infections_8e5d2a7b48.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague: Steroidal hormones and neurosteroids – novel therapeutic strategies in bacterial infections" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_IOCB_Prague_Steroidal_hormones_and_neurosteroids_novel_therapeutic_strategies_in_bacterial_infections_8e5d2a7b48.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="1258" height="886"><blockquote><h4>Original Article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0223523426001613?via%3Dihub">Steroidal hormones and neurosteroids - novel therapeutic strategies in bacterial infections: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation</a></h4>Daniela Brdová, Bára Křížkovská, Jan Špaček, Zdeněk Míchal, Eva Jablonská, Ondřej Strnad, Hana Chodounská, Eszter Szánti-Pintér, Marina Morozovová, Václav Hanžl, Jan Tkadlec, Martijn Riool, Jan Lipov, Jitka Viktorová, Eva Kudová&nbsp;Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2026, 308, 118716<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2026.118716">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2026.118716</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>The global rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates novel therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases. Inhibition of bacterial efflux pumps, which contribute to multidrug resistance, represents a promising approach to restore or even increase the efficacy of existing antibiotics. Using fluorescence-based ethidium bromide accumulation, broth microdilution, and checkerboard assays, we evaluated 26 endogenous steroidal hormones and neurosteroids, along with 30 synthetic derivatives, for their ability to enhance antibiotic susceptibility in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Structure-activity relationship analysis identified compounds 13 and 16 as lead candidates, exhibiting strong efflux pump inhibition and marked reductions in the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. Both compounds showed additive effects in checkerboard assays. Modifications at C-3 (polar substitution) and C-17 (3α,5β-stereochemistry and nonpolar substitution) were essential for potent efflux inhibition and sensitization, although these modifications were not additive when combined. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that compound 13 significantly downregulated S. aureus virulence-associated genes when administered alone or in combination with antibiotics. Cytotoxicity assessment in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and receptor transactivation assays for estrogen, androgen, and progesterone receptors indicated that the most active derivatives were non-toxic and lacked detectable endocrine activity, suggesting a favorable safety profile. Overall, these findings support the concept that rationally designed andostane-based steroidal scaffolds can function as competitive bacterial efflux pump inhibitors and serve as potential antibiotic adjuvants to mitigate efflux-mediated resistance.<h4>Instrumentation</h4><h5>Structural characterization</h5><ul><li>AVANCE III 400 MHz NMR spectrometer (Bruker)</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=LTQ+Orbitrap+XL">LTQ Orbitrap XL HRMS</a> (Thermo Fisher Scientific, ESI)</li></ul></div>

Steroidal hormones and neurosteroids – novel therapeutic strategies in bacterial infections

Metformin is currently the first-line oral drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It reduces glucose production in the liver, improves tissue sensitivity to insulin, and does not cause weight gain or hypoglycemia, which sets it apart from some other antidiabetic drugs. Moreover, its long-term beneficial effects on the risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes have been well established. Researchers from the Institute of Physiology CAS (IPHYS) have identified a new group of blood metabolites that could help physicians objectively monitor whether patients with type 2 diabetes are taking their metformin as prescribed.<h4>New biomarkers for metformin use</h4>A team led by Tomáš Čajka from the Laboratory of Translational Metabolism at IPHYS analyzed plasma samples from 637 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and 143 non-diabetic controls using advanced metabolomics and lipidomics. Among 614 detected metabolites, they identified five from the group of N-lactoyl-amino acids (e.g. N‑lactoyl-phenylalanine), which had previously been seen as unknown signals due to missing reference spectra in databases. The levels of these metabolites in the blood closely reflected the plasma concentrations of metformin. In patients with the highest metformin exposure, the concentrations of these metabolites were up to 7.2 times higher than in controls.<h4>A sensitive “fingerprint” of the drug’s effect</h4>N-Lactoyl-amino acids are formed in cells by combining lactate and amino acids, thus reflecting the metformin-induced changes in cellular energy metabolism. “Importantly, even though they occur in plasma only at nanomolar concentrations, they reliably distinguish patients who take metformin regularly from those who take it irregularly or not at all,” emphasizes T. Čajka.<h4>Metabolomics in practice and international collaboration</h4>The study also provides a detailed description of broader metabolic changes in type 2 diabetes, including increases in lactate, organic acids, and branched-chain amino acids, as well as extensive remodelling of the lipid profile. In addition to T. Čajka’s team, collaborators from the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague and the West Coast Metabolomics Center (University of California, Davis) also participated in the study.The results demonstrate that advanced metabolomics approaches developed at IPHYS within the CarDia project can find highly practical applications both in clinical studies and in personalized monitoring of treatment in patients with diabetes.<blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpt.70205">Untargeted Metabolomics Identifies N-Lactoyl-Amino Acids as Dose-Responsive Plasma Biomarkers of Metformin Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes</a></h4>Tomas Cajka, Jiri Hricko, Lucie Rudl Kulhava, Michaela Paucova, Michaela Novakova, Veronika Hola, Stanislava Rakusanova, Oliver Fiehn, Vojtech Skop, Ivana Lankova, Iva Miskova, Terezie Pelikanova, Martin HaluzikClin Pharmacol Ther, 119: 1057-1069<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.70205">https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.70205</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>Metformin is the most widely prescribed antidiabetic drug, yet adherence remains difficult to objectively assess. Using untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics, we analyzed plasma from 637 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with confirmed metformin use and 143 nondiabetic controls, annotating 614 metabolites. Patients were stratified by plasma metformin into sub-therapeutic, therapeutic, and supra-therapeutic groups, and associations were evaluated by multiple linear regression and composite metabolite ranking. Five previously unannotated features were structurally identified as N-lactoyl-amino acids, whose levels correlated strongly with plasma metformin (ρ = 0.42–0.55, P &lt; 0.0001) and increased up to 7.2-fold in the supra-therapeutic group (&gt; 2000 ng/mL). While N-lactoyl-amino acids were consistently detected in the nanomolar range, they still displayed robust and dose-dependent associations with metformin. Broader metabolic changes in T2D included elevated lactate, organic acids, and branched-chain amino acids, together with reduced urea cycle metabolites. Lipidomics showed increases in saturated triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols and decreases in cholesteryl esters, sphingomyelins, and phospholipids. These findings establish N-lactoyl-amino acids as robust, dose-responsive plasma biomarkers of metformin exposure. Despite being up to four orders of magnitude less abundant than their amino acid precursors, they sensitively reflect mitochondrial lactate overflow and pharmacodynamic adaptation, offering objective assessment of adherence.

New blood biomarkers reveal how faithfully diabetes patients take metformin

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The Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS) was established by Act No. 283/1992 Coll. as the Czech successor of the former Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. It is set up as a complex of 54 public research institutions.

Czech Academy of Sciences

The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague) is a leading scientific institution in the Czech Republic, recognized internationally. Its primary mission is basic research in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, organic and material oriented chemistry, chemistry of natural compounds, biochemistry and molecular biology, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. 

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

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Phenomenex Luna SCX HPLC Columns

The Luna SCX is a high performance silica phase with a benzene sulfonic acid bonded phase used for Strong Cation Exchange (SCX) chromatography.

The Luna SCX is a high performance silica phase with a benzene sulfonic acid bonded phase used for Strong Cation Exchange (SCX) chromatography.Key Features of the SCX Column:<ul><li>Extensive line of rugged particle sizes.</li><li>Easy method scalability from HPLC to preparative and bulk purification LC</li><li>Ultra-pure, metal-free silica (99.99% purity)</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Luna_SCX_HPLC_Column_4c175db0e0.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Luna SCX HPLC Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Luna_SCX_HPLC_Column_4c175db0e0.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"><ul><li>Carbon Load: 0.55 % Sulfur Load, null %</li><li>Surface Area (m²/g): 400</li><li>Particle Size: 5, 10</li><li>Recommended Use: Strong cation exchange for positively charged compounds</li></ul><h4>Long Column Lifetimes and Excellent Performance</h4>Ultra-pure, metal-free silica (99.99% purity) is the backbone of all Luna material. The resulting high quality particles have a surface smoothness, pore structure, and pore consistency to ensure a more uniform particle shape and greater reproducibility.<h4>Develop Robust Methods</h4>Luna SCX columns provide excellent resolution and peak shape of basic‚ cationic compounds. Luna SCX columns contain a benzene sulfonic acid ligand providing ion-exchange‚ reversed phase‚ and aromatic interactions.<h4>Common Applications:</h4><ul><li>Cough and cold compounds, Raclopride, Sodium Acetate, Erythromycins</li></ul><blockquote>Stationary phase Luna SCX is provided in these column types: analytical, midbore and semi-preparative</blockquote><h5>Luna SCX HPLC MidBore, Analytical and Semi-preparative Columns are available with these parameters:</h5>MidBore Columns<ul><li>Column length (mm): 150</li><li>Column ID (mm): 3</li><li>Particle size (µm): 5</li></ul>Analytical Columns<ul><li>Column length (mm): 50, 100, 150, 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 4.6</li><li>Particle size (µm): 5</li></ul>Semi-Prep Columns<ul><li>Column length (mm): 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 10</li><li>Particle size (µm): 5</li></ul><h3>Phenomenex Luna HPLC Columns</h3>Luna HPLC columns are renowned for their outstanding reliability and adaptability in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Manufactured by Phenomenex, Luna HPLC columns are made from 99.999% ultra-pure, metal-free silica, with meticulous attention given to quality control across all aspects of its structure and chemistry. This guarantees that Luna columns consistently deliver reliable performance, ensuring dependable method reproducibility. The Luna series offers diverse selectivity, making it suitable for a broad range of chromatographic applications, from microbore and fast LC to preparative and bulk purification scales.All Luna products uphold the high standards our customers depend on. Featuring high surface area particles, Luna columns deliver improved resolution and performance, meeting the stringent requirements of HPLC users. Designed for longevity and consistent results, these columns are the trusted choice for both routine analyses and specialized separations, ensuring top-tier chromatographic outcomes.<h4>Explore Luna Columns</h4><ul><li>Proven Performance: Extensive line of rugged USP and Ph.Eur. phases</li><li>Maximum Reproducibility: Each column has both a certificate of analysis and a certificate of quality assurance</li><li>Ultra-High Purity: Metal free silica (99.99% purity) &nbsp;ensures a low activity surface and less secondary interactions</li><li>Scalable: Phases available in 3,5, 10 and 15 µm particle size for scaling from analytical to prep and bulk purification</li></ul>Explore resolution with 10 unique Luna selectivities and find your next selectivity tool. Combined with high surface area the Luna family of columns offers an excellent HPLC performance for a wide range of chromatographic applications.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Phases_of_Luna_Columns_5b3ae06cee.jpg" alt="Phenomenex - Phases of Luna Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Phases_of_Luna_Columns_5b3ae06cee.jpg 180w," sizes="100vw" width="565" height="490">

Phenomenex Rezex RCM-Monosaccharide Ca+2 (8%) IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex RCM-Monosaccharide Ca²⁺ (8%) HPLC column (300 × 7.8 mm) enables separation of monosaccharides, sugar alcohols, and saccharides with easy regeneration and USP L19 compliance.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex RCM-Monosaccharide Ca+2 (8%) Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>8% cross-linked calcium</li><li>For use with monosaccharides and sugar alcohols, including sorbitol and mannitol from sweeteners and corn and cane sugars</li><li>Class separation of di-, tri-, and tetra- saccharides</li><li>Easy regeneration with calcium nitrate solutions</li><li>USP: L19</li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00H-0130-K0</li><li>Ionic Form: Calcium</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 300 x 7.8 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 8 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 8</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: 35,000</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 260</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 1,000</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 1.0</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: Water</li><li>pH Range: Neutral</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03B-0130-K0</li></ul><h4>Cross Referencing Guide</h4><ul><li>Bio-Rad®Aminex®: HPX-87C (125-0095)</li><li>Supelco®SUPELCOGEL™: SUPELCOGEL (Ca)</li><li>Waters®Sugar-Pak™: Sugar-Pak 1</li><li>Transgenomic®CARBOSep™: CARBOSep (CHO-820)</li><li>Sepax®Carbomix®: Carbomix (Ca)</li></ul>

Phenomenex Rezex RHM-Monosaccharide H+ (8%) IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex RHM-Monosaccharide H⁺ (8%) is a versatile ion-exclusion HPLC column for monosaccharides and related compounds, typically operated with water as the mobile phase and compliant with USP L17.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex RHM-Monosaccharide H+ (8%) Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>8% cross-linked hydrogen</li><li>For use with monosaccharides in combination with organic acids, fatty acids, alcohols, ketones, neutral compounds, or inorganic salts</li><li>Versatile column, generally run with a mobile phase of deionized water</li><li>USP L17</li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00H-0132-K0</li><li>Ionic Form: Hydrogen</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 300 x 7.8 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 8 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 8</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: 35,000</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 275</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 1,000</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 1.0</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: Water</li><li>pH Range: 1-8</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03B-0132-K0</li></ul><h4>Cleaning, Regeneration and Storage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h4><ul><li>Organic Modifiers (Max): 5 % Methanol, IPA, EtOH</li><li>Inorganic Modifiers: 5 % HNO3, H3PO4</li><li>Avoid: Acids, Bases, Salts or Metal Ions, &gt; 30 % Acetonitrile</li><li>Cleaning Solvent: 100 % Water</li><li>Flow Rate(mL/min): 0.4</li><li>Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Duration (hrs): 12</li><li>Regeneration Solvent: 0.025 M H2SO4</li><li>Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.2</li><li>Duration (hrs): 4-16</li><li>Ship/Storage Solvent: Water</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Phase: RHM-Monosaccharide (L17 USP packing)*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Description: 8 % cross-linked HYDROGEN</li><li>Applications: Monosaccharides in combination with organic acids, fatty acids, alcohols, ketones, neutral compounds, or inorganic salts</li><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: HPX-87H (125-0140)</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: Supelcogel (C-610H &amp; H)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: ICSep (ION-300)</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: Carbomix H</li></ul>

Phenomenex Rezex RNM-Carbohydrate Na+ IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex RNM-Carbohydrate Na⁺ (8%) is an ion-exclusion HPLC column designed for mono-, di-, and trisaccharide analysis in high-sodium matrices, offering easy regeneration and USP L58 compliance.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex RNM-Carbohydrate Na+ Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>8% cross-linked sodium</li><li>For the analysis of matrices containing high concentrations of inorganic sodium (e.g. molasses)</li><li>Analysis of mono-, di-, and tri- saccharides</li><li>Easy to regenerate the original ionic strength</li><li>USP L58</li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00H-0136-K0</li><li>Ionic Form: Sodium</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 300 x 7.8 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 8 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 8</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: 30,000</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 170</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 1,000</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 1.0</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: Water</li><li>pH Range: Neutral</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03B-0136-K0</li></ul><h4>Cleaning, Regeneration and Storage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h4><ul><li>Organic Modifiers (Max): 5 % Methanol, IPA, EtOH</li><li>Inorganic Modifiers: 5 % Sodium Salts</li><li>Avoid: Acids, Bases, Non-Sodium Salts or Metal Ions, &gt; 30 % Acetonitrile</li><li>Cleaning Solvent: 100 % Water</li><li>Flow Rate(mL/min): 0.4</li><li>Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Duration (hrs): 12</li><li>Regeneration Solvent: 0.1 M NaNO3</li><li>Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.2</li><li>Duration (hrs): 4-16</li><li>Ship/Storage Solvent: Water</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Phase: RHM-Carbohydrate (USP L58 packing)</li><li>Description: 8 % cross-linked SODIUM</li><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: HPX-87N (125-0143)</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: N/A</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: N/A</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: Carbomix Na</li></ul>

Phenomenex Rezex RPM-Monosaccharide Pb+2 IEX HPLC Columns

Phenomenex Rezex RPM-Monosaccharide Pb²⁺ (8%) IEX HPLC column is designed for high-resolution analysis of monosaccharides and sugar alcohols, offering robust separations using water as the mobile phase and USP L34 compliance.

<h4>Key Features of the Phenomenex Rezex RPM-Monosaccharide Pb+2 IEX HPLC Columns:</h4><ul><li>8% cross-linked lead</li><li>Ideal for monosaccharide and sugar alcohol analysis</li><li>For separations of cellobiose, glucose, xylose, arabinose, and mannose and other cellulose products</li><li>100 x 7.8 mm dimensions available for sugar alcohol analysis according to the USP procedure &nbsp;</li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00H-0135-K0</li><li>Ionic Form: Lead</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 300 x 7.8 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 8 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 8</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: 35,000</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 190</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 1,000</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 1.0</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: Water</li><li>pH Range: Neutral</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03B-0135-K0</li></ul><h4>Cleaning, Regeneration and Storage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h4><ul><li>Organic Modifiers (Max): 5 % Lead Nitrile</li><li>Inorganic Modifiers: 5% Methanol, IPA, EtOH</li><li>Avoid: Acids, Bases, Non-Lead Salts or Metal Ions, &gt; 30 % Acetonitrile</li><li>Cleaning Solvent: 100 % Water</li><li>Flow Rate(mL/min): 0.4</li><li>Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Duration (hrs): 12</li><li>Regeneration Solvent: 0.1 M Pb(NO3)2</li><li>Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.2</li><li>Duration (hrs): 4-16</li><li>Ship/Storage Solvent: Water</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Phase: RPM-Monosaccharide (USP L34 packing)</li><li>Description: 8 % cross-linked LEAD</li><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: HPX-87P (125-0098)</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: Supelcogel Pb</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: CARBOSep COREGEL-87P</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: Carbomix Pb</li></ul>

Phenomenex Rezex ROA-Organic Acid H+ (8%) IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex ROA-Organic Acid H⁺ (8%) is an ion-exclusion HPLC column for simultaneous analysis of organic acids, sugars, and alcohols, ideal for bioethanol fermentation monitoring in a single run.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex ROA-Organic Acid H+ (8%) Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>8% cross-linked hydrogen</li><li>For use with organic acids in combination with carbohydrates, alcohols, fatty acids, neutral compounds; amino sugars</li><li>Uniquely suited to monitor starches, sugars, organic acids, and ethanol in one run for bioethanol fermentation analysis</li><li>Applications<ul><li>Organic acids in combination with carbohydrates, alcohols, fatty acids, or neutral compounds</li><li>Ethanol, acetic acid, glycerol, and standard alcohol mixtures</li><li>Amino sugars</li></ul></li><li>Achieve excellent base line separation between Dp3 and Dp4+</li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00H-0138-K0</li><li>Ionic Form: Hydrogen</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 300 x 7.8 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 8 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 8</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: 50,000</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 580</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 1,000</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 1.0</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: 0.005 N H2SO4</li><li>pH Range: 1-8</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03B-0138-K0</li></ul><h4>Cleaning, Regeneration and Storage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h4><ul><li>Organic Modifiers (Max): 5 % Methanol, IPA, EtOH</li><li>Inorganic Modifiers: 5 % HNO3, H3PO4</li><li>Avoid: Acids, Bases, Salts or Metal Ions, pH &gt; 3, &gt; 30 % Acetonitrile</li><li>Cleaning Solvent: 100 % Water</li><li>Flow Rate(mL/min): 0.4</li><li>Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Duration (hrs): 12</li><li>Regeneration Solvent: 0.025 M H2SO4</li><li>Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.2</li><li>Duration (hrs): 4-16</li><li>Ship/Storage Solvent: 0.005 M H2SO4</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: HPX-87H (125-0140)</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: Supelcogel (C-610H &amp; H)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: N/A</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: N/A</li></ul>

Phenomenex Rezex RFQ-Fast Acid H+ (8%) IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex RFQ-Fast Acid H⁺ (8%) is an ion-exclusion HPLC column designed for rapid food quality screening, delivering separation of ethanol, organic acids, and alcohols in under 5 minutes.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex RFQ-Fast Acid H+ (8%) Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>8% cross-linked hydrogen</li><li>Rapid screening of food quality; ethanol, acetic acid, glycerol, and standard alcohol mixtures</li><li>Analytes are routinely chromatographed under 5 minutes!</li><li>Applications<ul><li>Rapid screening of fruit quality</li><li>Ethanol, acetic acid, glycerol and standard alcohol mixtures</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00H-0223-K0</li><li>Ionic Form: Hydrogen</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 100 x 7.8 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 8 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 8</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: 30,000</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 365</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 1,000</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 1.0</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: 0.005 N H2SO4</li><li>pH Range: 1-8</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03B-0223-K0</li></ul><h4>Cleaning, Regeneration and Storage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h4><ul><li>Organic Modifiers (Max): 5 % Methanol, IPA, EtOH</li><li>Inorganic Modifiers: 5 % HNO3, H3PO4</li><li>Avoid: Acids, Bases, Salts or Metal Ions, pH &gt; 3, &gt; 30 % Acetonitrile</li><li>Cleaning Solvent: 100 % Water</li><li>Flow Rate(mL/min): 0.4</li><li>Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Duration (hrs): 12</li><li>Regeneration Solvent: 0.025 M H2SO4</li><li>Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.2</li><li>Duration (hrs): 4-16</li><li>Ship/Storage Solvent: 0.005 M H2SO4</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: Fast Acid 125-0100&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: N/A</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: N/A</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: N/A</li></ul>

Phenomenex Rezex RNO-Oligosaccharide Na+ (4%) IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex RNO-Oligosaccharide Na⁺ (4%) is an ion-exclusion HPLC column designed for high-resolution separation of oligosaccharides, using water as the mobile phase and optimized for gentle, low-pressure operation.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex RNO-Oligosaccharide Na+ (4%) Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>4% cross-linked sodium</li><li>High resolution of oligosaccharides</li><li>Particle Size: 12</li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00P-0137-N0</li><li>Ionic Form: Sodium</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 200 x 10 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 4 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 12</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: N/A</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 130</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 300</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.3</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: Water</li><li>pH Range: Neutral</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03R-0137-N0</li></ul><h4>Cleaning, Regeneration and Storage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h4><ul><li>Organic Modifiers (Max): 5 % Methanol, IPA, EtOH</li><li>Inorganic Modifiers: 5 % Sodium Salts</li><li>Avoid: Acids, Bases, Non-Sodium Salts or Metal Ions, &gt; 30 % Acetonitrile</li><li>Cleaning Solvent: 100 % Water</li><li>Flow Rate(mL/min): 0.1</li><li>Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Duration (hrs): 12</li><li>Regeneration Solvent: 0.1 M NaNO3</li><li>Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.2</li><li>Duration (hrs): 4-16</li><li>Ship/Storage Solvent: Water</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: N/A</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: N/A</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: CARBOSep (COREGEL-87N)</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: N/A</li></ul>

Phenomenex Rezex RSO-Oligosaccharide Ag+ (4%) IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex RSO-Oligosaccharide Ag⁺ (4%) is an ion-exclusion HPLC column delivering high-resolution separation of oligosaccharides up to DP18, using silver-based selectivity and a water mobile phase.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex RSO-Oligosaccharide Ag+ (4%) Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>4% cross-linked silver</li><li>High resolution of oligosaccharides up to 18 degrees of polymerization (Dp)</li><li>Particle Size: 12</li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00P-0133-N0</li><li>Ionic Form: Silver</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 200 x 10 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 4 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 12</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: N/A</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 115</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 300</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.3</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: Water</li><li>pH Range: Neutral</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03R-0133-N0</li></ul><h4>Cleaning, Regeneration and Storage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h4><ul><li>Organic Modifiers (Max): 5 % Methanol, IPA, EtOH</li><li>Inorganic Modifiers: 5 % Silver Nitrate</li><li>Avoid: Acids, Bases, Non-Silver Salts or Metal Ions, &gt; 30 % Acetonitrile</li><li>Cleaning Solvent: 100 % Water</li><li>Flow Rate(mL/min): 0.1</li><li>Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Duration (hrs): 12</li><li>Regeneration Solvent: 0.1 M AgNO3</li><li>Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.1</li><li>Duration (hrs): 4-16</li><li>Ship/Storage Solvent: Water</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: HPX-42A (125-0097)</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: Supelcogel (AG1 &amp; AG2)</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: N/A</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: N/A</li></ul>

Phenomenex Rezex RKP-Potassium K+ (8%) IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex RKP-Potassium K⁺ (8%) is an ion-exclusion HPLC column designed for the analysis of glyphosate, using potassium form chemistry and an 8% cross-linked resin for reliable separations.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex RKP-Potassium K+ (8%) Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>8% cross-linked potassium</li><li>Analysis of glyphosate</li><li>Particle Size: 8</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: HPX-87K (125-0142)</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: Supelcogel K</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: CARBOSep (COREGEL-87K)</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: Carbomix K</li></ul>

Products from category IEX HPLC columns distributed by Phenomenex - page 1

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