<h5><strong>Tasty beer starts with knowing what’s in your hops. Explore how online SPE makes bitter acid analysis in hops faster and more reliable.</strong></h5><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_326238593f.jpeg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: How Bitter Acid Analysis Helps Brewers Better Control Beer Flavors." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_326238593f.jpeg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="512"></p><h3><strong>How can you detect bitter acid profiles quickly, reliably, and more sustainably?</strong></h3><p>For craft brewers and beer lovers alike, a refreshing experience is all about flavor.</p><p>So how can you achieve the desired bitterness in your beer? The answer is not just about the recipe. Finding the right flavor profile starts with the bitter acids present in the starting hops material.</p><div><div><p>Hops (the heart of your favorite beer) are the source of the brew’s distinctive flavor tied to bitterness and aroma.</p><p>At the molecular level, bitterness is driven by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814622016338">α- and β-bitter acids</a>, like humulones and lupulones, whose concentrations determine the final sensory profile of the beer (<strong>Figure 1</strong>).</p><p>Accurately characterizing these compounds in each batch allows brewers to unlock the full potential of every variety of hops.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_2_6435757c03.jpeg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: How Bitter Acid Analysis Helps Brewers Better Control Beer Flavors: Figure 1. General chemical structure of hop bitter acids." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_2_6435757c03.jpeg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="700" height="493"></p><p>While conventional analytical methods rely on long, manual sample preparation steps and hazardous solvents, laboratories now strive for greener and more efficient workflows.</p><p>And moving from manual to online sample preparation is one of the easiest ways your lab can reduce waste and — most importantly — improve reliability with automation.</p><h3><strong>Key takeaways</strong></h3><ul><li>Online SPE reduces hands-on work, shortens turnaround time, and supports more sustainable methods by cutting solvent use and eliminating single-use cartridges.</li><li>Automated UHPLC workflows are easier for new users to execute, offering more reproducible quantifications of α- and β-bitter acids in hops.</li><li>Accurate bitter acid profiles help brewers distinguish hop varieties and control flavor with confidence.</li></ul><h3><strong>Comparing offline vs. online solid phase extraction for bitter acid HPLC analysis</strong></h3><p>If you’ve spent long hours in the lab preparing samples for hops analysis, you’re not alone.</p><p>Manual sample preparation often takes the most time in hops analysis, an area where online <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/content/lifetech/global/en/home/industrial/chromatography/chromatography-learning-center/chromatography-consumables/sample-prep.html">solid phase extraction</a> (SPE) can make a real difference. Here’s why.</p><p>Manual SPE has a lot of manual steps. Extraction. Cartridge loading. Washing. Elution. And sometimes solvent exchange or reduction. All before your actual analysis begins. This labor-intensive workflow can take up to an hour and depends strongly on operator skillsets, making reproducibility a challenge for new hires.</p><h3><strong>Online SPE analysis provides key benefits like:</strong></h3><ul><li>Hands-off workflow free of cartridges, manifolds, or vacuum steps.</li><li>Column washing and re-equilibration occur in parallel with separation.</li><li>SPE step is complete in just two minutes.</li><li>Minimizes operator-dependent variability.</li><li>Uses less than 8 mL of solvent.</li></ul><p>Let’s explore what this technique looks like in practice.</p><h3><strong>Online SPE for analyzing α- and β-bitter acids in hops standard solutions.</strong></h3><p>Changing your sample preparation from manual to automated isn’t complicated. With the right tools you can fully integrate online SPE with your UHPLC system (<strong>Figure 2</strong>).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_3_4fb14243b4.jpeg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: How Bitter Acid Analysis Helps Brewers Better Control Beer Flavors: Figure 2. Schematic workflow for the determination of bitter acids in hops. The process involves clean up and instrumental analysis using the Thermo Scientific Vanquish Online SPE UHPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_3_4fb14243b4.jpeg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="700" height="323"></p><h3><strong>The process for analyzing a hops standard solution is straightforward:</strong></h3><ol><li>First, extract hop samples with ethanol (a greener alternative to toluene or diethyl ether in conventional methods).</li><li>Inject the extract directly into your instrument for analysis. Bitter acids retain<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1970"><strong> on the SPE column</strong></a> while matrix interferences that can comprise quantitation are removed.</li><li>Next, backflush the SPE column to transfer the analytes to the<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/423"><strong> analytical column </strong></a>for separation. While this separation is taking place, the SPE column is washed and re-equilibrated in parallel, keeping the total run time to 15 minutes, with the separation of all six major bitter acids in a single analysis (<strong>Figure 3</strong>).</li></ol><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_4_1e47405e3c.jpeg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: How Bitter Acid Analysis Helps Brewers Better Control Beer Flavors: Figure 3. UV chromatogram of hop bitter acids in standard solution (1-cohumulone, 2-humulone, 3-adhumulone, 4-colupulone, 5-lupulone, 6-adlupulone)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_4_1e47405e3c.jpeg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="700" height="347"></p><h3><strong>Online SPE for analyzing α- and β-bitter acids in real hops samples</strong></h3><p>Analytical labs need methods that are accurate and reliable for brewers to develop distinct and reproducible flavor profiles across batches.</p><p>To assess the applicability of online SPE UHPLC methods for hops analysis, we analyzed bitter acid profiles from four species — Sultana, Barbe Rouge, Azacca, and Sabro.</p><p>The concentration of α-acids dominated all samples, while each hops species exhibited distinct profiles in terms of α-acid and β-acid content, making them suitable for different brewing strategies (<strong>Figure 4</strong>).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_5_3a179217db.jpeg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: How Bitter Acid Analysis Helps Brewers Better Control Beer Flavors: Figure 4. Bitter acid profiles in four different hop species, error bars display SD (n=6). To check method consistency, we measured each hops extract six times. Variation between measurements was low, with relative standard deviation below 3.5 % across all hops species." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_5_3a179217db.jpeg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="700" height="410"></p><ul><li>For testing labs, this process translates into a workflow that is easy to run, fast, and delivers reliable results without added complexity.</li><li>For craft brewers, reliability means clear, trustworthy insights into hops bitter acid profiles, for better hop selection and more precise control of bitterness and flavor in your beer.</li></ul><h3><strong>From carefully procured samples to tasty sips</strong></h3><p>Efficient UHPLC workflows support faster results, less solvent use, and reliable bitterness data for brewers. And online SPE turns those advantages into practical, day-to-day benefits for brewers and labs alike.</p><ul><li>Less hands-on skills required for lab analysts</li><li>Faster results from labs to brewers</li><li>A more sustainable way to work</li><li>Clear insights into hops flavor</li></ul><p>To learn more about the method and see the full application data, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/cn_004238_hplc_vanquish_online_spe_bitter_acids_hops_cn004238_na_en_587a5d300b.pdf"><strong>check out our application note today</strong></a>.</p><h3><strong>FAQs</strong></h3><div><div><h5><strong>What are the key compounds in hops analyzed by HPLC?</strong></h5><p>Bitter acids, namely α-acids and β-acids, especially the six major bitter acids (humulones and lupulones) that define hop bitterness and are required for quality control and brewing decisions.</p></div><div><h5><strong>What column types are recommended for hop acid separations?</strong></h5><p>Classical C18 Silica columns are ideal for bitter acids separation. UHPLC compatible columns with particle size ≤ 2 µm boost analysis with higher flow rate, thus shorter analysis time and solvent consumption.</p></div><div><h5><strong>What’s the best workflow for hops analysis?</strong></h5><p>A typical workflow for hop analysis consists of three main steps: extraction of the target compounds, clean-up of co-extracted matrix components, and instrumental analysis by HPLC or UHPLC. To keep this workflow efficient and reproducible, you should minimize manual handling and add in automation when possible. Integrating online SPE into your LC instrument allows sample clean-up to run automatically, reducing hands-on time, solvent use, and variability while delivering faster, more reliable results.</p></div></div><blockquote><p><strong>Visit us on&nbsp;</strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/72003132/admin/dashboard/"><strong><u>LinkedIn:</u></strong></a>&nbsp;#UHPLC #Automation</p></blockquote></div></div>

How Bitter Acid Analysis Helps Brewers Better Control Beer Flavors

<p><strong>In the week of June 29, the following webinars await you in the field of liquid phase and especially HPLC and LC/MS.</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Insights from an IC specialist: To be suppressed or not suppressed?</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 30.6.2026 09:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6310">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Join Thermo Fisher’s Ask the Experts session to learn how suppressor technology impacts ion chromatography performance, sensitivity, reliability, maintenance, and troubleshooting.</p><h5><strong>2. SCIEX: Advancing Proteomics with ZenoTOF: From Single-Cell Analysis to Plasma Biomarker Discovery</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 30.6.2026 11:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6311">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how ZenoTOF high-resolution mass spectrometry is accelerating single-cell proteomics and plasma biomarker discovery through enhanced sensitivity, throughput, and automation.</p><h5><strong>3. Agilent Technologies: Measuring Diverse Samples with UV/VIS Spectrometers and Integrating Spheres</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 30.6.2026 20:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6052">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This webinar will discuss diffuse transmission and reflection UV/VIS measurements, including how to perform measurements with Agilent’s Cary 60 UV/VIS Spectrometer.</p><h5><strong>4. Waters Corporation: Informatics series #33 Tips, Tricks and Best Practices</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 2.7.2026 11:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6315">Registration</a></li></ul><p>This interactive session revisits essential features, shortcuts, and practical techniques in Empower software that can streamline everyday laboratory work and reduce unnecessary effort.</p><h5><strong>5. Waters Corporation: Unlocking Therapeutic Peptide Characterisation (GLP-1RAs) with Cyclic IMS</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 2.7.2026 15:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6313">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how cyclic ion mobility spectrometry (cyclic IMS) improves characterization of GLP-1 analogues and therapeutic peptides, supporting development, quality control, and regulatory submissions.</p><h5><strong>6. Agilent Technologies: Spectral Flow Cytometry Masterclass - Session 1</strong></h5><ul><li>Fr, 3.7.2026 07:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6316">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how full-spectrum flow cytometry enables high-dimensional cell analysis. Explore spectral flow technology, experimental design, and applications in immunology, oncology, and vaccine research.</p>

Webinars LabRulezLCMS Week 27/2026

<p><strong>The international standard ISO/IEC 17025 [1] clause 7.7.2 with regards to ensuring the validity of results, requires a laboratory to participate in proficiency testing (PT) and/or to participate in interlaboratory comparisons (ILCs) other than PT. However, no guidance as to what these other ILCs might be, or indeed how they might compare in relation to PT, is provided. This leaflet aims to outline other ILCs available, pointing out some of the limitations as compared to PT.&nbsp;</strong></p><p>There are three major types of ILCs in which a group of laboratories analyses identical portions from a homogeneous, stable test sample, with each type being characterized by its intended purpose [2,3]:</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eurachem_Interlaboratory_comparisons_other_than_proficiency_testing_2_d9263807fb.jpg" alt="Eurachem: Interlaboratory comparisons other than proficiency testing" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eurachem_Interlaboratory_comparisons_other_than_proficiency_testing_2_d9263807fb.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1507" height="607"></p><p>A key point is that PT is an ILC that is designed to specifically evaluate the performance of participants, providing them with an infrastructure to monitor and assess the validity of their results. This is not the key purpose of the two other ILCs, and thus depending on their intended purpose they have a number of limitations that laboratories need to be aware of when using them rather than PT. Only proficiency testing should have been conducted in full compliance to the competency standard ISO/IEC 17043 [4].&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Evaluation of measurement procedure performance&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>These ILCs, are designed to assess how a particular measurement procedure performs and whether it is fit for its intended purpose. These ILCs are often referred to as a ‘method performance study’ or a ‘collaborative study’ [2]. Some limitations of using such ILCs for monitoring laboratory performance as an alternative to PT are:&nbsp;</p><ul><li>All participants use the same measurement procedure i.e. the measurement procedure that is being validated. Unless the measurement procedure is being routinely used by the participating laboratory such an ILC will not assess the routine performance of the laboratory using their own routine measurement procedure. Nor does it enable them to compare their performance with other laboratories using alternative measurement procedures.&nbsp;</li><li>The measurement procedure is likely to be new, so participants may not have established stable procedures and quality control, so performance may not reflect routine use.&nbsp;</li><li>The report from such an ILC would not provide information on the performance of the participant, if the statistical model used makes the assumption that all laboratories perform with equal variability.</li><li>The design of the study may require the participants to assess multiple samples and/or to undertake multiple replicate analysis on the test materials. This may not be representative of the routine measurements or tests undertaken by the laboratory.&nbsp;</li><li>The conclusion of the ILC might be that the measurement procedure being assessed is not valid.&nbsp;</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eurachem_Interlaboratory_comparisons_other_than_proficiency_testing_3_a53ecd2f5d.jpg" alt="Eurachem: Interlaboratory comparisons other than proficiency testing" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eurachem_Interlaboratory_comparisons_other_than_proficiency_testing_3_a53ecd2f5d.jpg 157w," sizes="100vw" width="570" height="566"></p><h4><strong>Characterisation of candidate reference materials&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>These are ILCs that assign a property value to a candidate reference material, usually with a stated measurement uncertainty. These are often referred to as a ‘material certification study’ [2]. Limitations of using such ILCs as an alternative to PT are:&nbsp;</p><ul><li>The analysis of the candidate reference material is likely to require additional care in exercising the routine measurement procedure, such as substantially more replication, and/or may require quite different reporting formats (e.g. all valid replicates instead of a mean result). Thus, such an ILC will not necessarily provide an evaluation of the performance of the laboratory based on the routine use of their measurement procedures.&nbsp;</li><li>The report from such an ILC may include the results from the participating laboratories but would not provide information on the performance of each laboratory.&nbsp;</li><li>Participating laboratories may be required to assess multiple samples and/or to undertake multiple replicate analysis on the candidate reference materials. Thus this may not be representative of the routine measurements or tests undertaken by the laboratory.&nbsp;</li></ul><h4><strong>Other ILCs&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Some other ILCs, whilst not being conducted in full compliance of the requirements of ISO/IEC 17043, may be designed to evaluate participant performance. These would include small ILCs as defined by EA‑2/21 [5] or split sample ILCs i.e. where a portion of a single sample is sent to two or three laboratories. Whilst these ILCs are specifically designed to evaluate participant performance, they may not provide a comprehensive comparison that a PT might provide. In such cases the laboratory needs to evaluate carefully the competence of the organization managing the ILC and the suitability of the service externally provided (ISO/IEC 17025 clause 6.6).</p>

Interlaboratory comparisons other than proficiency testing

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Waters ACQUITY UPC2 System

Waters ACQUITY UPC2 System allows the manipulation of fluids with a wide range of polarities and enables scientists to separate, analyze, and understand compounds that have challenged all other LC and GC technologies.

<div><div><h4><strong>The ease of reversed-phase meets the power of normal-phase</strong></h4></div></div><div><div><p><strong>In reversed-phase chromatography, polar compounds are eluted first, causing routine and complex separation challenges. With convergence chromatography, however, polar compounds are retained and eluted last - providing the separation power of normal-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with the ease-of-use of reversed-phase LC.</strong></p><div><div><div><div><p>Using green and non-toxic <strong>compressed liquid CO₂</strong> as a primary mobile phase, the <strong>ACQUITY UPC2® System</strong> delivers the ability to precisely vary <strong>mobile phase strength, pressure, and temperature</strong>. The ability to <strong>fine-tune the resolving power and selectivity</strong> of the system enables better control over the retention of analytes for <strong>separating, detecting, and quantifying</strong> structural analogs, isomers, and <strong>enantiomeric and diastereomeric mixtures</strong> – all compounds that are often a challenge to separate by any other means.</p><ul><li>The chromatographic principles and selectivity of <strong>normal-phase LC</strong></li><li>The ease of use and method development simplicity of <strong>reversed-phase LC</strong></li><li>The use of <strong>gradients across the widest polarity range</strong></li><li><strong>Chiral and achiral separations</strong> in one system, with unequaled speed and confidence</li></ul></div></div><div><div><h5><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h5><p>To solve routine and complex separations challenges that require<strong> unparalleled selectivity and ease-of-use</strong>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_UPC_2_System_43f37e1130.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY UPC2 System: ACQUITY UPC2 System gives scientists the ability to precisely vary mobile phase strength, pressure, and temperature." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_UPC_2_System_43f37e1130.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p><div><div><h3><strong>Bringing ease of use to normal-phase LC</strong></h3><p>By providing the ability to precisely vary <strong>mobile phase strength, pressure, and temperature</strong>, the <strong>Waters ACQUITY UPC<sup>2</sup> System</strong> gives scientists the power to better control the retention of analytes for <strong>separating, detecting, and quantifying</strong> structural analogs, isomers, and <strong>enantiomeric and diastereomeric mixtures</strong>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_UPC_2_System_6_c2a18a19b3.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY UPC2 System: Separation of propranolol and hydroxy metabolites. Note that each hydroxy metabolite has an R and S form." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_UPC_2_System_6_c2a18a19b3.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="681"></p></div></div><div><div><h3><strong>The world's first convergence chromatography system</strong></h3><p>Unique in its capabilities, the pioneering <strong>ACQUITY UPC<sup>2</sup> System</strong> delivers what the rest of the industry never could – a system, based on the principles of <strong>normal-phase LC</strong>, with the <strong>ease-of-use of reversed-phase LC</strong>, and purposefully built for analytical performance, placing <strong>convergence chromatography</strong> atop the list of separations tools in the kit of all analytical chemists.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_UPC_2_System_7_2efdc13cd5.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY UPC2 System: UPC2 analysis can be 30x faster and use 75x less solvent per run - all with 100x lower cost per analysis." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_UPC_2_System_7_2efdc13cd5.jpg 182w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="879"></p></div></div><div><div><h3><strong>Unparalleled resolving power and selectivity</strong></h3><p>With its <strong>separation potential for a far broader chemical spectrum</strong> of applications than that of reversed-phase LC-based instrumentation, the <strong>ACQUITY UPC<sup>2</sup> System</strong> leverages <strong>convergence chromatography</strong> to enable superior performance, using <strong>inexpensive, compressed CO₂</strong> as a non-toxic mobile-phase.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_UPC_2_System_8_655b0ad41e.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY UPC2 System: The ACQUITY UPC2-MS FFA analysis provides a simple and fast method with a significant reduction in analysis time compared to alternative techniques such as GC-MS, which requires FAME derivatization." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_UPC_2_System_8_655b0ad41e.jpg 232w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="691"></p></div></div><div><div><h3><strong>Retention mechanisms and orthogonality to RPLC</strong></h3><p>Harnessing what's now known as <strong>convergence chromatography</strong>, an evolution of the traditional <strong>SFC</strong> technique, the <strong>ACQUITY UPC<sup>2</sup> System</strong> has the power to create <strong>selective separations of structurally similar chiral and achiral compounds</strong>.</p><p>The <strong>miscibility of CO₂ with a wide range of polar and non-polar organic solvents</strong> has made the liquid CO₂-based mobile phase versatile enough to separate a much wider range of compounds than reversed-phase LC, especially for mixtures containing polar compounds. Not only can CO₂-based solvents be used with both polar and non-polar stationary phases, but chromatography can be influenced by modulating solvent gradients with a much wider choice of columns using the same <strong>mass spectrometry-compatible co-solvents</strong>.</p><p>Being <strong>orthogonal to reversed-phase LC</strong>, <strong>UP<sup>C2</sup> separations</strong> often show an <strong>inverse order of elution</strong> among groups of analytes. In combination with various detection techniques, this orthogonality is <strong>valuable for confirming analyte identity in complex matrices</strong>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_UPC_2_System_9_dc03654861.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY UPC2 System: With ACQUITY UPC2 System, orthogonality to the most commonly used high/low pH approach in reversed-phase can be clearly seen as a useful addition to the separation challenges faced by synthesis analysis." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_UPC_2_System_9_dc03654861.jpg 200w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="801"></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_UPC_2_System_2_454af0c6e1.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY UPC2 System: ACQUITY UPC2 System with ACQUITY QDa Detector." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_UPC_2_System_2_454af0c6e1.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_UPC_2_System_3_72c8ad4d63.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY UPC2 System: ACQUITY UPC2 System with Xevo TQ-XS." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_UPC_2_System_3_72c8ad4d63.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_UPC_2_System_4_e2672f200d.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY UPC2 System: ACQUITY UPC2 System with ACQUITY UPLC ELS, ACQUITY UPC2 PDA, and ACQUITY QDa Detectors." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_UPC_2_System_4_e2672f200d.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_UPC_2_System_5_18c501a159.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY UPC2 System: ACQUITY UPC2 System with Xevo G2-XS QTof." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_UPC_2_System_5_18c501a159.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

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