Meeting EU Drinking Water Standards: The Critical Role of Sample Prep in Trace Contaminant Analysis

<h3>Charged for Action: The Hidden Secrets of AEX Oligonucleotide Analysis</h3>Oligonucleotides—short, well-defined fragments of DNA or RNA—have become indispensable tools in modern life sciences. They underpin cutting-edge applications in molecular diagnostics, gene therapy, and pharmaceutical development. Before oligonucleotides can be confidently used in research or clinical settings, however, their quality must be rigorously assessed. Purity, sequence integrity, length distribution, and chemical modifications all play a decisive role in their performance.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Oligos_Made_Easy_Part_2_AEX_2_45eee54fa0.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Oligos Made Easy - Part 2: AEX" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Oligos_Made_Easy_Part_2_AEX_2_45eee54fa0.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1534" height="711">Among the analytical techniques available today, anion exchange chromatography (AEX) stands out as a robust and highly informative method for characterizing oligonucleotides. By exploiting their intrinsic negative charge, AEX provides detailed insight into product composition and impurity profiles that are difficult to obtain by other approaches.<blockquote><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/article/6808">Part 1 of the Oligos series: A Practical Guide to Oligonucleotide Production – From Concept to Final Product</a></blockquote><h4>How Scientists Read Oligonucleotides Using Charge</h4>At the core of AEX lies a simple but powerful principle: oligonucleotides carry a negatively charged phosphate backbone. This charge increases in a predictable way with strand length and, to a lesser extent, sequence composition. Anion exchange chromatography uses this property to separate oligonucleotides based on differences in charge strength and interaction with a positively charged stationary phase.As a result, AEX has become one of the most widely used analytical tools for evaluating oligonucleotide quality. It allows scientists to distinguish full-length products from truncated species, degradation products, or closely related variants—often with single-nucleotide resolution.<h4>Why Ion Exchange Works: Binding, Retention, and Release</h4>Ion exchange chromatography (IEX) relies on electrostatic interactions between analytes and a charged stationary phase. In the case of oligonucleotides, anion exchange is used, where negatively charged molecules interact with positively charged functional groups on the resin—most commonly quaternary amines.The system consists of two main components:<ul><li>Stationary phase: A positively charged resin that binds anionic analytes.</li><li>Mobile phase: An aqueous buffer system, typically combined with a salt gradient, that controls both pH and elution strength.</li></ul>Retention in AEX is governed primarily by charge. Molecules with weaker overall charge interact less strongly with the stationary phase and elute earlier, while more highly charged oligonucleotides bind more tightly and require stronger elution conditions.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Oligos_Made_Easy_Part_2_AEX_Figure_1_IEX_overview_including_elution_order_dependency_on_analyte_charge_3419ad3075.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Oligos Made Easy - Part 2 AEX: Figure 1 IEX overview including elution order dependency on analyte charge." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Oligos_Made_Easy_Part_2_AEX_Figure_1_IEX_overview_including_elution_order_dependency_on_analyte_charge_3419ad3075.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1583" height="654"><h4>The Five-Step Workflow of Ion Exchange Chromatography</h4>AEX separations generally follow a well-established sequence of steps:<ol><li>Column equilibration The column is conditioned with the starting buffer until the baseline and pH are stable. This ensures that all charged sites on the resin are ready for interaction.</li><li>Sample loading Samples, prepared in the starting buffer, are introduced under conditions that promote binding of the target oligonucleotides while minimizing retention of unwanted impurities.</li><li>Washing The column is washed with the starting buffer to remove uncharged or weakly interacting components. The baseline stabilizes as these species are flushed away.</li><li>Elution Bound oligonucleotides are released using a salt or pH gradient. Increasing ionic strength introduces competing ions that displace the analytes from the resin. Weakly bound species elute first; strongly charged oligonucleotides elute later.</li><li>Regeneration and re-equilibration A high-salt buffer removes any remaining bound material. The column is then returned to starting conditions in preparation for the next analysis.</li></ol><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Oligos_Made_Easy_Part_2_AEX_Figure_2_Five_steps_of_IEX_procedure_in_blue_outlined_using_an_example_chromatogram_in_red_38dd70b1b1.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Oligos Made Easy - Part 2 AEX: Figure 2 Five steps of IEX procedure (in blue), outlined using an example chromatogram (in red)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Oligos_Made_Easy_Part_2_AEX_Figure_2_Five_steps_of_IEX_procedure_in_blue_outlined_using_an_example_chromatogram_in_red_38dd70b1b1.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1583" height="674"><h4>Why AEX Is Especially Effective for Oligonucleotides</h4>The repeating phosphate backbone of oligonucleotides gives rise to a strong and uniform anionic character across a wide pH range (typically pH 7–9). This makes oligonucleotides exceptionally well suited for anion exchange separations.Key factors influencing AEX behavior include:<ul><li>Charge density: Longer oligonucleotides carry more negative charges and therefore exhibit stronger retention.</li><li>Resin chemistry: Strong and weak anion exchangers differ in functional groups and pH stability, influencing selectivity and robustness.</li><li>Buffer composition: The choice of buffering ions and salt gradients directly affects elution strength and resolution.</li></ul>Salt gradients—commonly based on chloride ions—compete with the oligonucleotide backbone for binding sites on the resin. By carefully tuning gradient slope and composition, analysts can achieve highly reproducible and finely resolved separations.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Oligos_Made_Easy_Part_2_AEX_Figure_3_Ionic_interactions_and_p_H_influence_on_Anion_Exchange_Chromatography_AEX_612e231ba4.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Oligos Made Easy - Part 2 AEX: Figure 3 Ionic interactions and pH influence on Anion Exchange Chromatography (AEX)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Oligos_Made_Easy_Part_2_AEX_Figure_3_Ionic_interactions_and_p_H_influence_on_Anion_Exchange_Chromatography_AEX_612e231ba4.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1547" height="593"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Oligos_Made_Easy_Part_2_AEX_Figure_4_AEX_buffer_selection_and_gradient_strategy_chromatogram_with_red_buffer_gradient_curve_53fd1bb11b.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Oligos Made Easy - Part 2 AEX: Figure 4 AEX buffer selection and gradient strategy (chromatogram with red buffer gradient curve)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Oligos_Made_Easy_Part_2_AEX_Figure_4_AEX_buffer_selection_and_gradient_strategy_chromatogram_with_red_buffer_gradient_curve_53fd1bb11b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="327"><h4>AEX as the Gold Standard for Oligonucleotide Separation</h4>Anion exchange chromatography has become the method of choice for both analytical and preparative oligonucleotide workflows. Its advantages include:<ul><li>High resolving power: Closely related impurities, including n–1 or n–2 species, can often be separated and quantified.</li><li>Predictable retention behavior: In many cases, retention time correlates linearly with oligonucleotide length, simplifying identification.</li><li>Compatibility with modified oligonucleotides: Even chemically modified sequences retain their anionic nature, allowing AEX to resolve both products and related impurities.</li><li>Excellent control via gradient elution: Salt gradients provide precise tuning of selectivity and resolution.</li></ul>Typically, shorter or degraded oligonucleotides elute at lower ionic strength, while full-length products with higher charge density appear later in the chromatogram.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Oligos_Made_Easy_Part_2_AEX_Figure_5_AEX_Advantages_and_Challenges_7835521e34.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Oligos Made Easy - Part 2 AEX: Figure 5 AEX Advantages and Challenges." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Oligos_Made_Easy_Part_2_AEX_Figure_5_AEX_Advantages_and_Challenges_7835521e34.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1535" height="707"><h4>Final Perspective: Mastering AEX with Confidence</h4>Anion exchange chromatography may appear complex at first, but with thoughtful optimization of pH, buffer composition, and gradient conditions, it becomes a highly precise and reliable tool for oligonucleotide analysis. When properly applied, AEX delivers sharp peaks, excellent resolution, and robust performance—even for challenging sequences and modifications.For laboratories developing or refining oligonucleotide workflows, AEX offers both analytical depth and operational confidence.<blockquote>If you would like to discuss AEX method development or optimization for oligonucleotides, feel free to contact us at sales@knauer.net. More insights into practical oligonucleotide analysis will follow in our “Oligos Made Easy” series.For technical questions or in-depth discussion, the author can be reached at kindler@knauer.net</blockquote>

Oligos Made Easy - Part 2: AEX

Although modern agriculture needs to be based on accurate real-time data on soil, plant, and environmental conditions, affordable, sufficiently sensitive, and robust monitoring devices for this purpose are currently missing. According to scientists, low-cost sensors based on new smart materials and printing technologies offer a suitable solution. The results of multidisciplinary research thus far and proposals for the development of these devices have been presented by researchers from Czechia, Great Britain, Spain, and the USA in a review article in the prestigious journal <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-68778-6#Abs1">Nature Communications</a>.“Sensor technologies for monitoring plant health are still in their infancy. Only simple sensors capable of monitoring basic parameters such as pH, soil moisture, or temperature are commonly available on the market. However, if farmers are to face current challenges, including climate change, and ensure sufficient food for humanity, they need much more effective tools that will enable them to monitor, for example, various pathogens, including bacteria and fungi. In our opinion, a suitable solution is a combination of new smart materials and printing for the production of inexpensive, durable, and scalable materials,” said the article’s first author, David Panáček from CATRIN, who worked on the study during his internship at Imperial College London.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CATRIN_Soucasne_senzory_nestaci_Vedci_navrhuji_novou_cestu_ke_sledovani_zdravi_rostlin_b4014952a3.jpg" alt="CATRIN: David Panáček" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CATRIN_Soucasne_senzory_nestaci_Vedci_navrhuji_novou_cestu_ke_sledovani_zdravi_rostlin_b4014952a3.jpg 208w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="1152">Sensors for monitoring plant health, for example, lag behind similar devices used in human medicine. According to the authors, advances in materials science, which will enable the development of scalable sensor technologies, play a key role in this potential shift. “Printing techniques, including inkjet printing, screen printing, aerosol printing, 3D printing, and direct laser writing, offer flexible ways to produce flexible sensors, large-area sensors, and sensors integrated directly into plants. The review article summarizes recent advances in printable low-dimensional materials for agricultural sensors, analyzes their physico-chemical properties in relation to sensor performance, and discusses key challenges and future opportunities requiring interdisciplinary integration,” said one of the corresponding authors, Michal Otyepka.The research brought together materials scientists, chemists, biologists, sensing experts, and printing technology specialists. Materials research and the use of graphene-based smart materials were led by scientists from CATRIN at Palacký University and VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava. Plant biologists from CATRIN contributed their knowledge of plant development, their responses to stress conditions, and the monitoring of their properties. Researchers from Imperial College London took care of the electronics, while representatives from<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/companies/36"> CEITEC – VUT</a> focused on printing technologies. The team also included leading experts in sensing from the Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Barcelona, and Joseph Wang of the University of California San Diego, the “father of sensing and electrochemistry,” also contributed his extensive knowledge.“This is a groundbreaking study on this topic, which has managed to attract some truly big names in their respective fields. Last but not least, the study demonstrates that interdisciplinarity at CATRIN gives rise to completely new and promising research topics, such as plant sensing and its use for studying plant-environment interactions and smart agriculture,” added another corresponding author, Nuria De Diego.

Current sensors are not good enough. Scientists propose a new way to monitor plant health

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The Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN) at Palacký University is a cutting-edge scientific hub dedicated to advancing research in the fields of nanotechnology, biotechnology, and biomedicine. At its core, CATRIN boasts outstanding scientific teams, featuring international researchers. We emphasize interdisciplinarity, foster global collaborations, and work to translate our research findings into practical applications.

CATRIN

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

Based in Berlin, KNAUER is a medium-sized, owner-managed company that has been serving the sciences since 1962. We develop and manufacture scientific instruments of superior quality for liquid chromatography, including: Analytical HPLC/UHPLC, Preparative HPLC, Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), Multi-column chromatography/Simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography. High pressure dosing, in-line detection systems, and osmometry are additional business areas.

KNAUER

Watrex SPR-200 Solvent saver

Watrex SPR-200 Solvent Recycler is designed to save up to 90% of mobile phase during isocratic HPLC.

This Solvent Recycler saves up to 90% of mobile phase by redirection of the pure solvent to the solvent reservoir during the isocratic HPLC. The stand alone device is powered by 5 V DC from power adapter or from computer USB port. Working parameters (Threshold and Delay) are easily set on the display using a membrane keyboard.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Watrex_SPR_200_Solvent_saver_I_Nputs_694d991f2c.jpg" alt="Watrex: Watrex SPR-200 Solvent saver - INputs">The SPR-220™ Solvent Recycler continuously monitors the output signal of the chromatography detector and displays its current value on the built-in display. A highresolution analog-to-digital converter provides data for further evaluation in the built-in processor. If the input signal level exceeds a preset value (Threshold), the SPR-200 will redirect the flow to the waste.When the signal drops, the solvent recycler waits for the transport delay and then switches the mobile phase back to the reservoir. An autosampler injection marker connected to the SPR-200 ZERO input can be used to zero the input signal at the time of injection.<h3>FEATURES</h3><ul><li>Stand alone operation</li><li>Detachable valve</li><li>Possibility of manual Waste/Recycle switching</li></ul><h3>TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION</h3><ul><li>Detector compatibility: compatible with any HPLC detector</li><li>Connection: 1/16″ O.D. tubing, 1/4″-28 flat bottom fittings</li><li>Maximum pressure: 30 p.s.i./0,2 MPa</li><li>Wetted material: PEEK, PTFE</li><li>Input range: +/- 1 V or +/- 100 mV, user selectable</li><li>Computer connection: μUSB</li><li>TTL/contact closure input: configurable (ZERO, start, valve position)</li><li>Power: 5V DC/&lt;100 mA (power supply or computer USB port)</li><li>User interface: large character LCD alphanumeric display + membrane keypad</li></ul><h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>SPR200-001 SPR-200 Solvent Recycler, PEEK version (Price 1 250 € ex VAT)</li><li>SPR200-002 SPR-200 Solvent Recycler, PTFE version (Price 1 250 € ex VAT)</li></ul>You can also visit this product on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?s=SPR-200+Solvent&amp;post_type=product&amp;dgwt_wcas=1?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

Watrex LSS-205 Liquid Sensing System

Liquid Sensing System LSS-205 is a universal sensing system for monitoring the level of your chromatographic system liquids.

Universal sensing system for monitoring the level of your chromatographic system liquids. The daily task in the chromatographic laboratory is the manipulation of mobil phases. The operator must check the supply of solvents at the inlet of the device and regular monitor the condition of the waste solvent container. The LSS-205 greatly simplifies these tasks.<blockquote>Price: 578<bdi>&nbsp;€ ex VAT</bdi></blockquote>LSS-205 is a universal accessory for any (chromatographic) system. The level sensors used in the LSS-205 system are contactless, do not require immersion in liquid, and are installed on the outer shell of a non-metallic solvent container. The method of mounting the sensor allows placement on a container of virtually any shape and size.The LSS-205 central unit is ready to process the signal from up to five liquid sensors, which can be individually set to trigger an alarm in the event of a missing or present liquid. The error status of the individual sensors is indicated optically directly on the central unit and the alarm can be accompanied by an acoustic signal. An external loud siren suitable for a noisy environment is available as an option to the central unit.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_LSS_205_Liquid_Sensing_System_33_0fd5d29a02/Watrex-LSS-205-Liquid-Sensing-System-33.jpg" alt="Watrex LSS-205 Liquid Sensing System"><h3>FEATURES</h3><ul><li>Simple operation</li><li>Flexible in application</li><li>Multiple connection option</li><li>Starter kit contents: central unit, one sensor, light bar, power supply</li><li>Color touch panel control</li></ul><h3>TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION</h3><ul><li>Power supply: 5V DC (wall mount power supply or USB port of PC)</li><li>Number of liquid sensors: 1 – 5</li><li>Alarm condition: individually adjustable for each sensor (off, missing liquid, liquid present)</li><li>Internal alarm indication: high intensity LED for each sensor</li><li>Internal acoustic alarm: 80dB, common for all sensors</li><li>External optical signaling: connector on the central unit</li><li>External acoustic alarm: optional 105 dB external horn</li><li>Alarm signal for external devices: logic (open collector), relay switching contact</li><li>Computer connection: micro USB connector, simple text communication protocol</li><li>Firmware update: possible in field</li><li>Dimension: 130x80x30 mm</li><li>Weight: 250 g</li><li>Sensor dimensions: 50x30x15 mm</li><li>Sensor connection cable: 2 m length</li><li>Sensor mounting: plastic holder with flexible silicon tube (length 700 mm, other lengths on request)</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_LSS_205_Liquid_Sensing_System_6_7b35aadbb7/Watrex-LSS-205-Liquid-Sensing-System-6.jpg" alt="Watrex LSS-205 Liquid Sensing System - level sensor"><h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>40-0728 Starter Kit (incl. 1 sensor + light)</li><li>40-0738 LSS-205 Additional Sensor</li><li>40-0841 LSS-205 Additional 2 Sensors</li><li>40-0842 LSS-205 Additional 3 Sensors</li><li>40-0843 LSS-205 Additional 4 Sensors</li><li>40-0838 LSS-205 External Alarm Horn</li></ul>You can also visit this product on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/dedicated-instruments/lss-205-starter-kit/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

Watrex UFO Solvent Recycler

UFO Solvent Recycler saves up to 90% of mobile phase by redirection of the pure solvent to the solvent reservoir during the isocratic HPLC.

This compact device saves up to 90% of mobile phase by redirection of the pure solvent to the solvent reservoir during the isocratic HPLC. The device is powered by 5 V DC from computer USB port or power adapter. Working parameters (Threshold and Delay) are set using user friendly software.<blockquote>Price: 635<bdi>&nbsp;€ ex VAT</bdi></blockquote>The UFO Solvent Recycler continuously monitors the output signal of the chromatography detector and displays its current value in the application on computer. A high-resolution analog-to-digital converter provides data for further evaluation in the built-in processor.If the input signal level exceeds a preset value (Threshold), the UFO recycler will redirect the flow to the waste. When the signal drops, the solvent recycler waits for the transport delay and then switches the mobile phase back to the reservoir. An autosampler injection marker connected to the UFO recycler START input can be used to zero the input signal at the time of injection.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UFO_schema_6a4cdc0ed4/UFO_schema.png" alt="Watrex: Principle and process of mobile phase recycling during isocratic HPLC using the UFO system"><h3>FEATURES</h3><ul><li>Very compact design</li><li>Simple operation</li></ul><h3>TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION</h3><ul><li>Detector compatibility: compatible with any HPLC detector</li><li>Connection: 1/16″ O.D. tubing, 1/4″-28 flat bottom fittings</li><li>Maximum pressure: 30 p.s.i./0,2 MPa</li><li>Wetted material: PEEK, PTFE</li><li>Input range: +/- 1 V or +/- 100 mV, user selectable</li><li>Computer connection: USB-A</li><li>TTL/contact closure input: configurable (ZERO, start, valve position)</li><li>Power: 5V DC/&lt;100 mA (power supply or computer USB port)</li><li>User interface: PC Windows based software</li></ul><h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/dedicated-instruments/ufo-solvent-recycler-peek-version/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">UFO000-001</a> UFO™ Solvent Recycler , PEEK version</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/dedicated-instruments/ufo-solvent-recycler-ptfe-version/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">UFO000-002</a> UFO™ Solvent Recycler , PTFE version</li></ul>

Watrex PCRS-300 Post-column derivatization

The PCRS-300 post-column reaction system is a combination of a precision low-pulse high-pressure pump and thermostat in one unit.

Compact system for post-column derivatization consisting of low-pulse reagent pump with selector valve and tempered reaction chamber for reaction coil.<blockquote>Price: 5 033<bdi>&nbsp;€ ex VAT</bdi></blockquote>A selector valve at the inlet of the pump allows choice between reagent and flushing solvent. The system is controlled through color touch panel placed on the front of main unit.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_PCRS_300_3_d3a79a1a57/Watrex-PCRS-300-3.jpg" alt="Watrex: Schematic of the Watrex PCRS-300 low-pulse pump system for post-column derivatisation"><h3>FEATURES</h3><ul><li>Very low pulse reagent delivery</li><li>Excellent temperature stability</li><li>Heating up to 150°C</li><li>Number of reagent coil options</li><li>Thermal fuse against overheating</li><li>Color touch panel control</li></ul><h3>TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION</h3><ul><li>Wetted materials: PEEK, PTFE, HDPE, ruby, sapphire</li><li>Flow rate range: 0,01 – 9,99 ml/min</li><li>Flow rate accuracy: &lt; 2%</li><li>Temperature range: up to 150 °C</li><li>Temperature stability: &lt; +/- 0,1 °C</li><li>Liquid connections: Inlet – 1/8″, 1/4″-28 flat bottom; Outlet – 1/16″, UNF 10-32</li><li>Connections: USB, TTL I/O control (ready out, shutdown in)</li><li>Control: build-in color touch panel</li><li>Dimensions: 310 x 270 x 170 mm (WxDxH, main unit)</li><li>Power requirements: 19-20V DC/4,7A</li></ul><h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>PCRS300-001 Post Column Reaction System</li><li>PCRS300-002 Reaction coil select from 250µl - 2000µl in Stainless Steel</li><li>PCRS300-003 Reaction coil select from 500µl - 1000µl in PEEK</li><li>PCRS300-004 Reaction coil select from 500µl - 1000µl in PTFE</li><li>PCRS300-999 Reaction coil , customized</li></ul>You can also visit this product on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/dedicated-instruments/pcrs-300-post-column-reaction-system-2/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

Products from category HPLC accessories from Watrex Prague - page 1

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