Meeting EU Drinking Water Standards: The Critical Role of Sample Prep in Trace Contaminant Analysis

Although modern agriculture needs to be based on accurate real-time data on soil, plant, and environmental conditions, affordable, sufficiently sensitive, and robust monitoring devices for this purpose are currently missing. According to scientists, low-cost sensors based on new smart materials and printing technologies offer a suitable solution. The results of multidisciplinary research thus far and proposals for the development of these devices have been presented by researchers from Czechia, Great Britain, Spain, and the USA in a review article in the prestigious journal <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-68778-6#Abs1">Nature Communications</a>.“Sensor technologies for monitoring plant health are still in their infancy. Only simple sensors capable of monitoring basic parameters such as pH, soil moisture, or temperature are commonly available on the market. However, if farmers are to face current challenges, including climate change, and ensure sufficient food for humanity, they need much more effective tools that will enable them to monitor, for example, various pathogens, including bacteria and fungi. In our opinion, a suitable solution is a combination of new smart materials and printing for the production of inexpensive, durable, and scalable materials,” said the article’s first author, David Panáček from CATRIN, who worked on the study during his internship at Imperial College London.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CATRIN_Soucasne_senzory_nestaci_Vedci_navrhuji_novou_cestu_ke_sledovani_zdravi_rostlin_b4014952a3.jpg" alt="CATRIN: David Panáček" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CATRIN_Soucasne_senzory_nestaci_Vedci_navrhuji_novou_cestu_ke_sledovani_zdravi_rostlin_b4014952a3.jpg 208w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="1152">Sensors for monitoring plant health, for example, lag behind similar devices used in human medicine. According to the authors, advances in materials science, which will enable the development of scalable sensor technologies, play a key role in this potential shift. “Printing techniques, including inkjet printing, screen printing, aerosol printing, 3D printing, and direct laser writing, offer flexible ways to produce flexible sensors, large-area sensors, and sensors integrated directly into plants. The review article summarizes recent advances in printable low-dimensional materials for agricultural sensors, analyzes their physico-chemical properties in relation to sensor performance, and discusses key challenges and future opportunities requiring interdisciplinary integration,” said one of the corresponding authors, Michal Otyepka.The research brought together materials scientists, chemists, biologists, sensing experts, and printing technology specialists. Materials research and the use of graphene-based smart materials were led by scientists from CATRIN at Palacký University and VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava. Plant biologists from CATRIN contributed their knowledge of plant development, their responses to stress conditions, and the monitoring of their properties. Researchers from Imperial College London took care of the electronics, while representatives from<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/companies/36"> CEITEC – VUT</a> focused on printing technologies. The team also included leading experts in sensing from the Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Barcelona, and Joseph Wang of the University of California San Diego, the “father of sensing and electrochemistry,” also contributed his extensive knowledge.“This is a groundbreaking study on this topic, which has managed to attract some truly big names in their respective fields. Last but not least, the study demonstrates that interdisciplinarity at CATRIN gives rise to completely new and promising research topics, such as plant sensing and its use for studying plant-environment interactions and smart agriculture,” added another corresponding author, Nuria De Diego.

Current sensors are not good enough. Scientists propose a new way to monitor plant health

In this episode of the Concentrating on Chromatography podcast, host David Oliva interviews Ainslie Chen about her cutting-edge research on hemoglobin variant testing using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS). Ainslie discusses her novel method for separating and identifying hemoglobin subunits with mass shifts less than 1 Da, overcoming critical limitations in conventional clinical assays.Hear firsthand how her team developed an LC-HR-MS workflow using a C4 reversed-phase column, tackled technical challenges (including why C18 columns fell short), and achieved unprecedented sensitivity for variant detection in both adult and neonatal samples. The conversation touches on the potential of mass spectrometry to revolutionize clinical diagnostics, the importance of reproducibility, barriers to adoption in routine labs, and how teamwork drives scientific innovation.Perfect for analytical chemists, clinical laboratorians, and anyone interested in the future of protein variant analysis, this episode also features Ainslie’s advice for early-career scientists and insights from her first ACS poster presentation.<h4>Key Highlights:</h4><ul><li>Motivation behind improving hemoglobinopathy testing &nbsp;</li><li>Technical advantages of LC-HR-MS over gene sequencing and CE &nbsp;</li><li>The crucial role of the C4 column in resolving challenging samples &nbsp;</li><li>Critical parameters for reproducible LC-HR-MS workflows &nbsp;</li><li>Barriers and outlook for clinical adoption of advanced mass spectrometry &nbsp;</li><li>The value of teamwork and mentorship in scientific research &nbsp;</li><li>Direct insights from recent ACS conference experiences</li></ul><h3>Video transcription</h3>In this interview, Ainslie Chen discusses her research on improving the detection and identification of hemoglobin variants using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The work addresses limitations of conventional hemoglobinopathy testing, which often struggles to resolve very small mass differences between closely related hemoglobin subunits. Because even a single amino-acid substitution can significantly alter hemoglobin structure and function, high analytical resolution is essential for accurate diagnosis of conditions such as anemia and sickle cell disease.Chen explains why her team selected LC-HRMS over established clinical techniques like capillary electrophoresis and gene sequencing. While sequencing offers excellent accuracy, it is time-consuming, costly, and requires extensive sample preparation, making it impractical for routine clinical workflows. Capillary electrophoresis enables subunit separation but lacks the resolving power needed to distinguish variants differing by less than one Dalton. In contrast, high-resolution mass spectrometry provides both structural specificity and sensitivity, enabling confident identification of subtle hemoglobin variants with minimal sample preparation.A key methodological insight from the project was the use of a C4 reversed-phase LC column instead of the more common C18 column. Chen describes how the shorter carbon chain and larger pore size of C4 columns improved protein elution and reduced denaturation, leading to more reproducible separations. Critical parameters for reproducibility included consistent mobile-phase composition (0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile), controlled temperature (60 °C for LC, ~320 °C capillary temperature), and stable chromatographic conditions.Beyond hemoglobin analysis, Chen highlights the broader potential of high-resolution mass spectrometry in proteoform analysis and clinical diagnostics, including emerging applications in cancer detection. She acknowledges current barriers to clinical adoption—such as energy demands and instrument infrastructure—but points to advances like miniaturized mass spectrometers as promising steps toward wider use. The interview concludes with advice for young scientists: don’t hesitate to reach out to mentors, embrace collaboration, and view analytical chemistry as a versatile tool that bridges medicine, biology, environmental science, and beyond.<blockquote>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</blockquote><blockquote><h4>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</h4>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!You can find Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast in podcast apps:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL">Spotify</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185">Apple podcast</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography">podscan</a></li></ul>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos">YouTube channel</a></blockquote>

Unlocking Hemoglobin Variant Detection: LC-HR-MS Breakthrough with Ainslie Chen

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Scientific article

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Science and research

The Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN) at Palacký University is a cutting-edge scientific hub dedicated to advancing research in the fields of nanotechnology, biotechnology, and biomedicine. At its core, CATRIN boasts outstanding scientific teams, featuring international researchers. We emphasize interdisciplinarity, foster global collaborations, and work to translate our research findings into practical applications.

CATRIN

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

Identification of the substance – what is in your sample? (Bioanalytic)

We are able to identify metabolites and products of chemical reactions, contaminants of biological and chemical substances and preparations, and perform profiling of a series of samples to study the kinetics of transformations.

<h4>Substance Identification - Looking for answers to what's in your sample? - we can help you.</h4>Substance identification based on LC-MS/MS techniques can involve single compounds or mixtures of substances. In our analyses, we rely primarily on the knowledge and skills we have acquired after many years of work. For analysis, we use full laboratory facilities for sample preparation and high-resolution mass spectrometry (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labexperts.com.pl/o-nas/">equipment</a>).We use different work algorithms depending on the material we are dealing with and the analytical task to be solved. We use DDA (IDA) or DIA (SWATH) methods or targeted approaches (e.g. MRMhr) if we know what to expect. Thus, we are able to identify metabolites and products of chemical reactions, contaminants of biological and chemical substances and preparations, and perform profiling of a series of samples to study the kinetics of transformations.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_substance_what_is_in_your_sample_2_0f425a648b.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Identification of the substance – what is in your sample" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_substance_what_is_in_your_sample_2_0f425a648b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1881" height="1156"><h4>COST OF SERVICE</h4>We determine the cost of the service individually. The final cost is influenced by many factors related to the nature of the sample itself and the client's expectations. Thus, the price depends, among other things, on the complexity of the sample preparation procedure, the scope and number of analyses, etc.The service includes (depending on individual arrangements):<h5>Development of sample preparation procedure</h5><ul><li>Depending on the matrix and test substances.</li></ul><h5>Development of analytical methods</h5><ul><li>Application of high-resolution LC-MS/MS analyses using DDA (IDA) or DIA (SWATH) experiments and software to support the development of targeted screening methods.</li></ul><h5>Analysis of results includes:</h5><ul><li>finding and identifying the substances of interest, interpreting MS/MS spectra and proposing a structural formula.</li><li>Comparative analysis of sample series, e.g. PCA,</li><li>profiling of analytes in sample series</li></ul><h5>Reporting of results</h5><ul><li>Compile results into easy-to-read reports.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_substance_what_is_in_your_sample_3_c1b8adc1d0.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Identification of the substance – what is in your sample" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_substance_what_is_in_your_sample_3_c1b8adc1d0.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1919" height="1208">

Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies (Bioanalytic)

At LabExperts, proteomic analyses are performed on a ZenoTOF 7600 high-resolution LC-MS/MS system (SCIEX). For MS/MS analyses, we use Collision induced dissociation (CID) and Electron-Activated Dissociation (EAD) fragmentation.

Antibodies are molecules made up of 4 polypeptide chains: two heavy (H - high-chain) linked to each other by a specific type of chemical bond - a disulfide bridge, and two light (L - light-chain) linked by an identical bond to the heavy chains. Monoclonal antibodies (mABs) are used in various forms - as free molecules, in the form of a drug-antibody combination, and in the form of an immunoconjugate, a drug-antibody-biopolymer combination.Their main use is in highly specific targeted therapy for cancer, cardiovascular, autoimmune and nervous system diseases. They are also used in the treatment of osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease or transplantation. The range of applications of monoclonal antibodies is systematically expanded. The introduction of a new antibody to the market requires complex product characterization, which involves numerous proteomic analyses, which are performed by LC-MS/MS techniques, among others.<h4>LC-MS/MS</h4>The characterization of monoclonal antibodies involves many aspects, including, but not limited to, a suite of analyses related to confirmation of the structure, chain sequence and degree of modification of the antibody. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are chemical changes that occur after the translation process. These changes generally result in an increase in the immunogenicity of the drug. For this reason, it is essential to monitor modifications as critical quality attributes (CQAs) during both the production and storage of the drug. To ensure monitoring of CQA points, the primary structure of the protein is characterized based on peptide mapping (peptide mapping) analysis. The protein under study is subjected to proteolytic digestion using enzymes such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, Lys-C, Glu-C. As a result of various proteolytic enzymes, a wide range of peptides is obtained. Ultimately, coverage of the entire sequence of the protein under study is obtained.<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:1536/947;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_3_d94fa1623b.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_3_d94fa1623b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="947"></figure>At LabExperts, proteomic analyses are performed on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=52&amp;search=ZenoTOF+7600">ZenoTOF 7600</a> high-resolution LC-MS/MS system (SCIEX). For MS/MS analyses, we use Collision induced dissociation (CID) and Electron-Activated Dissociation (EAD) fragmentation. This provides us with data for unambiguous identification of protein-building amino acids. We process the results using Sciex OS, Skyline and Spectronaut software.<blockquote>We perform:<ul><li>Whole protein analyses - Intact - to determine the exact mass and confirm the theoretical mass;</li><li>N-glycosylation profile determination (based on MS spectrum reconstruction):<ul><li>Glycosylated form;</li><li>Deglycosylated;</li><li>Glycosylated with reduced disulfide bridges;</li><li>Deglycosylated with reduced disulfide bridges.</li></ul></li><li>Peptide maps:<ul><li>Protein digestion with various proteases so that sequence coverage is close to 100%<ul><li>Analysis of PTMs:</li><li>Location of modifications</li></ul></li><li>[%] of modifications compared to the unmodified sequence</li></ul></li><li>TiPOS testing - (technical proof of similarity) - technical confirmation of the similarity of the protein synthesized by the customer (from several LOTs) with the target protein (provided as a template).</li></ul>In order to maintain the highest possible analytical standards, we perform monoclonal antibody analyses under the regime of an internally developed and implemented laboratory quality system based on GLP principles.See also our other proteomics services: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labexperts.com.pl/service/identyfikacja-bialek/">Protein identification</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1294">Protein quantitative analysis</a></blockquote><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_2_cb93143fe6.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_2_cb93143fe6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="908"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_1_0e8ab7cdfa.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_1_0e8ab7cdfa.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="858">

Analysis of Anabolic steroids (Bioanalytic)

We offer a highly specific and sensitive qualitative analysis of a wide profile of anabolics by LC-HR-MS/MS technique (detection limits range from 0.01 to 5 ng/ml, depending on the substance).

<h4>Anabolic substances in urine</h4>The effect of anabolic steroids (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabolic_steroid">more information</a>) is to stimulate the growth of muscle mass and sometimes also bone mass by stimulating protein synthesis or altering calcium metabolism. This effect is often used in sports doping. However, anabolic steroids also have many side effects, as they strongly affect the body's overall hormonal balance.Anabolic steroids used by purely recreational athletes are still not banned in most countries, including Poland. Nevertheless, their amateur use during adolescence often results in the inability to continue a professional sports career into adulthood or leads to hormonal imbalances in the body.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Analysis_of_Anabolic_steroids_Bioanalytic_1_46fa2f41ca.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Analysis of Anabolic steroids." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Analysis_of_Anabolic_steroids_Bioanalytic_1_46fa2f41ca.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1200" height="740">If you want to know whether and which anabolic substances are present in the samples of athletes, or you want to exclude doping in this area - use the offer carried out by us together with the company <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www.lab4tox.pl/">Lab4Tox</a>. We offer a highly specific and sensitive qualitative analysis of a wide profile of anabolics by LC-HR-MS/MS technique (detection limits range from 0.01 to 5 ng/ml, depending on the substance). The use of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS and HR-MS/MS) in the analysis of anabolic steroids makes it possible to unequivocally confirm or exclude the presence of a given compound. The list of compounds at present includes:<ul><li>Boldenone undecylenate</li><li>Turinabol</li><li>Drostanolone enanthate</li><li>Drostanolone propionate</li><li>Methandienone</li><li>Methenolone acetate</li><li>Methenolone enanthate</li><li>Nandrolone phenylpropionate</li><li>Oxandrolone</li><li>Oxymetholone</li><li>Stanozolol</li><li>5-alpha-DHT</li><li>6-beta-hydroxymethandienone</li><li>19-norandrosterone</li><li>3'-hydroxystanazolol</li><li>4-beta-hydrozystanazolol</li><li>17-alpha-trenbolone</li><li>Testosterone caproate</li><li>Testosterone cypionate</li><li>Testosterone decanoate</li><li>Testosterone enanthate</li><li>Testosterone isocaproate</li><li>Testosterone phenylpropionate</li><li>Testosterone propionate</li><li>Testosterone undecanoate</li><li>Trenbolone acetate</li><li>Testosterone</li><li>Epitestosterone</li></ul>The list of compounds is not complete and will be systematically expanded according to customer needs.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Analysis_of_Anabolic_steroids_Bioanalytic_2_78729119b0.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Analysis of Anabolic steroids is carried out by us together with the company Lab4Tox." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Analysis_of_Anabolic_steroids_Bioanalytic_2_78729119b0.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="625" height="100"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=54&amp;distributorItems=315">Other analytical methods we offer</a>.

Analysis of Synthetic Peptide Hormones (Bioanalytic)

We offer highly specific and sensitive quantitative analysis of peptides by LC-MS/MS technique (LOQ < 1 ng/ml).

<h4>Synthetic peptide hormones - a study of the purity of formulations and composition of dietary supplements.</h4>In sports doping, small synthetic peptide hormones represent an increasingly attractive class of supplements for improving physical performance in amateur and professional athletes. Their use, depending on the type of peptide, is aimed primarily at building muscle tissue while intensifying fat reduction processes combined with the induction of the body's regenerative processes.Do you want to be sure that the peptide you are using is in the product in the amount declared by the manufacturer? Or do you have doubts that the supplement you are using is contaminated with these compounds? If you are troubled by these or similar questions - feel free to contact us. We perform tests in cooperation with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www.lab4tox.pl">Lab4Tox</a>. We offer highly specific and sensitive quantitative analysis of peptides by LC-MS/MS technique (LOQ &lt; 1 ng/ml). At the moment, we analyze the following peptides:<ul><li>GHRP-2</li><li>GHRP-6</li><li>BPC-157</li><li>Melanotan-2</li></ul>The list of compounds is not complete and will be systematically expanded according to customer needs.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Analysis_of_Anabolic_steroids_Bioanalytic_2_78729119b0.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Analysis of Synthetic Peptide Hormones. We perform tests in cooperation withLab4Tox." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Analysis_of_Anabolic_steroids_Bioanalytic_2_78729119b0.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="625" height="100"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=54&amp;distributorItems=315">Other analytical methods we offer</a>.

Determination of nitrosamine content (Bioanalytic)

Our offer includes comprehensive development and validation of methods for determination of nitrosamines in pharmaceutical products. We perform the work according to the criteria and needs of the client based on the EMA note.

Determination of nitrosamines is one of the pharmaceutical industry's top priorities. After the presence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was first reported in an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) mandated the identification and control of all APIs and finished products in which there is a risk of nitrosamines.The content of nitrosamines in drug products can be controlled primarily by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. More than that, a reliable analysis result in our offer consists of a well-chosen sample preparation procedure, a selective and sensitive analytical method, and the experience of the analyst, who selects the best method parameters at the optimization stage.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Determination_of_nitrosamine_content_Bioanalytic_2_ce4f440837.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Determination of nitrosamine content." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Determination_of_nitrosamine_content_Bioanalytic_2_ce4f440837.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="1024">We have gained experience working with leading pharmaceutical companies. As part of our ongoing work, we have developed analytical methods for small-molecule nitrosamines of 70-150 g/mol. These compounds are mainly formed during manufacturing processes and depend on the presence and type of excipients (e.g. NDBA - N-nitroso-dibutylamine). We have also developed methods for determining molecules with higher nitrosamine drug substance related impurities (NDSRIs). In our work, we focus on achieving the highest possible sensitivity, selectivity and precision. To this end, we individually select the parameters of the methods depending on the composition of the drug and the expected nitrosamines. Due to the above criteria and the required detection limits, we perform nitrosamine impurity determinations using LC-MS/MS kits based on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=52&amp;search=QTRAP+5500%2B">QTRAP 5500+</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=52&amp;search=QTRAP+6500%2B">QTRAP 6500+</a> mass spectrometers (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=55">SCIEX</a>).<blockquote>Our offerOur offer includes comprehensive development and validation of methods for determination of nitrosamines in pharmaceutical products. We perform the work according to the criteria and needs of the client based on the EMA note.At the stage of sample preparation, we focus on:<ul><li>obtaining the highest possible recovery of nitrosamines (matrix purification);</li><li>limiting additional synthesis of impurities (selection of appropriate equipment and reagents);</li><li>ensuring the stability of the sample prepared for LC-MS/MS analysis.</li></ul>During the optimization of the LC-MS/MS method, we solve such problems as:<ul><li>selection of an appropriate internal standard;</li><li>separation of the impurity from the API;</li><li>obtaining the expected sensitivity of the analytical method.</li></ul>Quantitative analysis of nitrosamines requires sensitivity, precision and accuracy, which we provide to our customers.</blockquote><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Determination_of_nitrosamine_content_Bioanalytic_1_d629e00e62.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Determination of nitrosamine content." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Determination_of_nitrosamine_content_Bioanalytic_1_d629e00e62.jpg 103w," sizes="100vw" width="1130" height="1710">

Identification of the proteins (Bioanalytic)

We perform proteomic analyses on a state-of-the-art high-resolution ZenoTOF 7600 (SCIEX), in which the Zeno ion trap and EAD (Electron-Activated Dissociation) technology together make a powerful combination.

Protein identification is based on experimental measurement of peptide molecular weights and matching the amino acid sequence of the protein under study with protein sequences deposited in libraries (databases). Two approaches are most commonly used in proteomic studies: top-down and bottom-up. The top-down method involves analyzing full protein sequences. Bottom-up analyses, on the other hand, use digestion of proteins with proteolytic enzymes. The peptides obtained by digestion are analyzed using a mass spectrometer. Each analysis leads to a comparison of experimental data with data obtained by theoretical digestion of proteins described in the database.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_proteins_Bioanalytic_2_6231b73f0d.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Identification of the proteins." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_proteins_Bioanalytic_2_6231b73f0d.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="766"><h4>LC-MS/MS</h4>Tandem mass spectrometers are commonly used to determine protein sequences. They allow ion selection of pseudomolecular peptides and then fragmentation and measurement of the masses of the resulting fragments. Fragmentation using collision induced dissociation(CID ) is an invaluable tool in targeted and untargeted MS/MS analysis of small molecules. It is important to note that in proteomic analysis, data obtained using the aforementioned fragmentation method may leave gaps. For example, spectra obtained by CID fragmentation do not allow unambiguous differentiation of some amino acids: leucine from isoleucine (identical molar masses and CID fragmentation) and lysine from glutamine (very similar masses). For this reason, we perform proteomic analyses on a state-of-the-art high-resolution <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=52&amp;search=+ZenoTOF+7600">ZenoTOF 7600</a> (SCIEX), in which the Zeno ion trap and EAD (Electron-Activated Dissociation) technology together make a powerful combination. It enables the creation of unique fragments to differentiate problematic amino acids and increase the sensitivity and specificity of the analysis.<blockquote>We perform analyses of:<ul><li>samples from solution;</li><li>samples from a gel;</li><li>samples from a complex matrix (by prior arrangement);</li><li>samples from lyophilizer;</li><li>samples previously prepared by the client.</li></ul>Qualitative analysis of proteins includes:<ul><li>To confirm the presence of a protein, the sample is subjected to digestion and the result obtained from experimental data is compared with theoretical data;</li><li>Comparison of experimental data on the masses of peptides included in the analyzed protein with the protein sequences described in the database;</li><li>Analysis and identification of the protein mixture;</li><li>Identification of post translational modifications (PTMs) (we use the tools: Skyline, Spectronaut).</li><li>Reporting of the result including, but not limited to, confirmation of the coverage of the protein sequence obtained in the test sample with the theoretical protein and the list of modified peptides, location and % of modifications.</li></ul>Comparative analyses include:<ul><li>Determining the composition of mixtures;</li><li>Comparison and profiling of sample series - protein identification and trend analysis.</li></ul>Our offer also includes:<ul><li>Support in the planning and execution of studies (the scope is determined individually);</li><li>Assistance in the development of extraction methods from complex matrices - biological fluids, plant tissue, animal tissues (the scope is determined individually);</li><li>Statistical analysis using tools: MarkerView (PCA), GraphPad Prism, Trends, Sciex OS;</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1294">Quantitative analysis of proteins</a>;</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1296">Analysis and characterization of monoclonal antibodies</a>.</li></ul></blockquote><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_proteins_Bioanalytic_1_97cf8c94b3.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Identification of the proteins." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_proteins_Bioanalytic_1_97cf8c94b3.jpg 117w," sizes="100vw" width="1500" height="2000">

Bioanalytic Development of LC-MS/MS method

We take an individual and factual approach to developing a new method and performing analyses.

<h4>An experienced partner in the LC-MS/MS analysis industry</h4>If you are interested in performing quantitative, qualitative or mixed analysis using LC-MS/MS analytical methods but lack such capabilities due to lack of equipment, “know-how” or are looking for a team to perform analysis for a project - you have come to the right place. We work on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/companies/315">equipment</a> with high sensitivity, speed and specificity. Our team is a group of specialists with comprehensive experience in the industry. The LabExperts <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labexperts.com.pl/zespol/">team</a> has participated in many scientific projects, R&amp;D and commercial implementations. We take an individual and factual approach to developing a new method and performing analyses:<ul><li>In the first stage, we get to know your requirements - to align expectations with capabilities;</li><li>Next, we will form and approve the framework for cooperation, ensuring the observance of confidentiality by signing a non-disclosure agreement (NDA);</li><li>We will plan together and, for our part, meet the deadlines for the completion of the set tasks;</li><li>We will perform preliminary studies, after which we will decide together whether and to what extent we continue to develop the methods;</li><li>We will handle the development of the sample preparation procedure;</li><li>We will select the best parameters for the LC-MS/MS analytical method;</li><li>The analytical method along with the sample preparation procedure will be validated according to generally accepted guidelines and standards, or we will establish the required acceptance criteria and ranges for your needs;</li><li>We will perform LC-MS/MS analyses of a series of samples;</li><li>We will provide results in the form of easy-to-read reports at each required stage;</li><li>We will evaluate the feasibility and assist in the transfer of the method to your laboratory.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Development_of_LC_MS_MS_method_2594c9fd54.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Development of LC-MS-MS method." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Development_of_LC_MS_MS_method_2594c9fd54.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="1024">Pricing and the framework for cooperation are always determined individually depending on the scope of the study. This is influenced by the amount of work and the complexity of the development of the sample preparation procedure and analytical method and routine analytics. As a rule, the final price consists of three separately priced elements: the cost of preliminary studies, method validation, and the cost of analysis of one sample within a series of analyses.Don't beat your head against the wall - we will help you achieve your goal!We look forward to working with you!

Bioanalytic Individual LC-MS/MS training

We are ready to prepare customized LC-MS/MS training for the needs of participants.

<h4>BASIC INFORMATION</h4><ul><li>TITLE: Customized LC-MS/MS Training</li><li>CATEGORY: LC-MS/MS training</li><li>LOCATION: Lodz, PL or other</li><li>TRAINING TIME: 1-5 days or more</li><li>NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS: 4-8 people</li><li>EQUIPMENT: SCIEX QTRAP/QTOF LC-MS/MS</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Individual_LC_MS_MS_training_8a73408c56.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Individual LC-MS-MS training." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Individual_LC_MS_MS_training_8a73408c56.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="930"><h4>TRAINING DESCRIPTION</h4>Customized LC-MS/MS training we are ready to prepare for the needs of participants, discussing:<ul><li>theoretical basics of chromatography, mass spectrometry,</li><li>practical operation of the LC-MS/MS system,</li><li>qualitative and quantitative analysis,</li><li>DDA &amp; DIA screening methods,</li><li>“omics” analyses,</li><li>validation of analytical methods,</li><li>solving basic methodological and technical problems,</li><li>software,</li><li>calibration,</li><li>“tips&amp;tricks”,</li><li>etc...</li></ul>We offer training for both novices starting the fascinating adventure of LC-MS/MS analytics, as well as for those who are LC-MS/MS users and are interested in expanding and consolidating their knowledge.<h4>Framework training program</h4><ul><li>individual LC-MS/MS training is developed according to the customer's demand</li><li>conducting theoretical and/or practical training at the customer's workplace</li><li>carrying out theoretical and/or practical training in a laboratory in Lodz</li></ul>

Bioanalytic Basic LC-MS/MS training

Basic LC-MS/MS training covers the theoretical basics of mass spectrometry and familiarization with the basic operation of the instrument.

<h4>BASIC INFORMATION</h4><ul><li>TITLE: Basic LC-MS/MS training</li><li>CATEGORY: LC-MS/MS training</li><li>LOCATION: Lodz, PL</li><li>TRAINING TIME: 3 days</li><li>NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS: up to 5 people</li><li>EQUIPMENT: SCIEX QTRAP &amp; QTOF LC-MS/MS</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Basic_LC_MS_MS_training_fb1382a55b.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Basic LC-MS-MS training." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Basic_LC_MS_MS_training_fb1382a55b.jpg 205w," sizes="100vw" width="1293" height="987"><h4>TRAINING DESCRIPTION</h4>Basic LC-MS/MS training covers the theoretical basics of mass spectrometry and familiarization with the basic operation of the instrument. Basic LC-MS/MS training is primarily aimed at those who are new to LC-MS/MS equipment or who wish to become familiar with this analytical technique. During the training, the following will be presented:<ul><li>principles of developing and optimizing quantitative and qualitative methods on low (triple quadrupole, QTRAP) and high resolution (QTOF) instruments,</li><li>basic functionality of the software,</li><li>procedures and objectives of instrument calibration,</li><li>principles of maintaining the cleanliness of mass spectrometer operation.</li></ul><h5>Basic LC-MS/MS training - the program</h5>Day ITheoretical classes:<ul><li>Introduction to LC</li><li>Introduction to mass spectrometry (basics)</li><li>Quantitative analysis.</li></ul>Practical part:QTRAP:<ul><li>QTRAP scanning modes on the instrument - Q1, , MS2, MRM, demonstration and discussion on the example of a selected pesticide of the fragmentation spectrum and its fragmentation pathway.</li><li>MRM pair formation (manual, semi-automatic, automatic).</li><li>optimization of ion source parameters -T-conector</li><li>explanation of the main parameters related to LC (column selection, gradient vs isocrat, autosampler)</li><li>LC-MS/MS method setup and optimization</li></ul>QTOF:<ul><li>manual and automatic optimization of MRMHR</li><li>ion source and LC parameters (transfer from method developed above)</li></ul>Sequence of quantitative analysis on both instruments.Day IIQuantitative analysis:<ul><li>data processing and analysis,</li><li>reporting - Sciex OS (QTRAP, QTOF).</li><li>Discussion of types of integration algorithms (MQ4, autopeak) and integration parameters.</li><li>independent selection of integration parameters and plotting of master curves.</li><li>independent data analysis and generation of analysis report.</li></ul>Qualitative analysis:<ul><li>Theoretical introduction - introduction to qualitative analysis:</li><li>qwadrupole modes (Prec/NL),</li><li>trap modes (EMS, EPI, MS3),</li><li>QTOF modes (TOF MS, TOF MS/MS).</li><li>mixed methods,</li><li>targeted vs. untargeted analysis,</li><li>DDA (IDA) - discussion of method development,</li></ul>Practical part:<ul><li>creation of qualitative methods on QTRAP (Prec-IDA, MRM-IDA), other parameters (LC, ion source) as the previous day,</li><li>LightSight - discussion of operation, creation of MRM-IDA multimethod for selected pesticide and analysis of samples (night).</li><li>QTOF - creation of IDA method, other parameters (LC, ion source) as the previous day.</li></ul>Sequence of qualitative analysis overnight.Day IIIQualitative data analysis:QTRAP:<ul><li>Discussion of Prec-IDA, MRM-IDA results - what we see in different types of MS and MS/MS scans. Manual review of data and via IDA Explorer (SciexOS).</li><li>Analysis of results in LightSight, comparison with Prec-IDA, for example - advantages/disadvantages</li></ul>QTOF:<ul><li>search for potentially present compounds in the sample,</li><li>manual comparison of blank vs. test sample,</li><li>manual by XIC extraction (by sum formula),</li><li>Formula finder - derivation of sum formula on TOF MS data and verification of fragmentation on TOF MS/MS data</li><li>search in IDA Explorer mode - application of filters: similarity, isotopic distribution, mass defect,</li><li>database searching,</li><li>Molecule Profiler - demonstration of software capabilities on selected pesticide example,</li></ul>Instrument calibration:<ul><li>resolution, mass-to-charge ratio, intensity,</li><li>Q1 and Q3, LIT (MS and MS/MS), TOF MS and TOF-MS/MS</li><li>Automation vs. manual calibration,</li></ul>LC-MS/MS application examplesSummaryDiscussion

Bioanalytic Quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis training

The goal of the training is to introduce users to the procedures and capabilities of the LC-MS/MS system and software to achieve sensitivity, selectivity, precision and reproducibility in quantitative analysis.

<h4>BASIC INFORMATION</h4><ul><li>TITLE: Quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis training</li><li>CATEGORY: LC-MS/MS training</li><li>LOCATION: Lodz, PL</li><li>TRAINING TIME: 3 days</li><li>NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS: up to 5 people</li><li>EQUIPMENT: SCIEX QTRAP LC-MS/MS</li></ul><figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:1200/675;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Quantitative_LC_MS_MS_analysis_training_d13b5d8127.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Quantitative LC-MS-MS analysis training." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Quantitative_LC_MS_MS_analysis_training_d13b5d8127.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1200" height="675"></figure><h4>TRAINING DESCRIPTION</h4>Quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis - the training is designed for laboratory personnel using LC-MS/MS systems for quantitative analysis. The following topics are covered during the training:<ul><li>Triple quadrupole spectrometer calibration</li><li>MRM pair formation and optimization</li><li>Optimization of ion source parameters</li><li>Optimization of chromatographic parameters</li><li>Sample preparation using the example of blood drawn on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1283">Mitra®</a> samplers (VAMS)</li><li>Matrix effect, internal standards (ISTD), matrix curves</li><li>Validation of the quantitative method</li><li>Reporting of results</li></ul>The goal of the training is to introduce users to the procedures and capabilities of the LC-MS/MS system and software to achieve sensitivity, selectivity, precision and reproducibility in quantitative analysis while covering the widest possible linear range of concentrations.<h3>Training program</h3><h4>Day I</h4><h5>Theoretical part:</h5>Triple quadrupole structure, ionization, MRM and sMRM scanning, chromatography, multimethods<h5>Practical part:</h5><ul><li>Q1/Q3 calibration (10 Da/s), MS/MS - resolution, m/z, intensity.</li><li>MRM pair formation and optimization (manual, semi-automatic, automatic).</li><li>Ion source optimization - T-concector and FIA</li><li>Gradient vs isocrat, dosing, column selection, temperature selection, other important parameters</li><li>Establishment and optimization of LC-MS/MS method.</li><li>How to take care of MS cleanliness - ionization time programming, multi-way valve, cleaning of ion source and instrument front end</li></ul>Sample preparation in pure solvent (standard curve, QC, solvent, solvent+ISTD, test samples), overnight analysis sequence.<h4>Day II</h4><h5>Practical part - preparation of whole blood samples (Mitra®):</h5><ul><li>Preparation of matrix standard curves</li><li>Preparation of quality control (QC) samples in three concentrations</li><li>Preparation of blank samples (without ISTD and with ISTD).</li><li>Preparation of samples for recovery determination (“pre-spiked” and “post-spiked”)</li><li>Preparation of test samples</li></ul><h5>Theoretical part:</h5><ul><li>Samples in the matrix - discussion of the matrix effect and ways to level it.</li><li>Optimization of sample preparation method and LC-MS/MS method</li></ul><h5>Practical part:</h5><ul><li>Sample extraction from Mitra® samplers for LC-MS/MS analysis.</li><li>Sequence of analysis of prepared samples overnight</li></ul><h4>Day III</h4><h5>Theoretical part:</h5><ul><li>Validation of the quantitative LC-MS/MS method</li></ul><h5>Practical part:</h5><ul><li>Software - data integration algorithms, signal smoothing, weighing.</li><li>Matrix curves vs curves in solvent, influence of ISTD (Sciex OS).</li><li>Method validation - validation criteria, determination of LOD, LLOQ, ULOQ, linearity, working range of the method, repeatability, recovery.</li><li>Preparation of summary validation reports</li><li>Reporting of results from test samples - report vs export of data to Excel.</li><li>Summary and discussion.</li></ul>

Products focused on LC/MS - page 5

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