EU Regulation 396/2005: Pesticide Residue Testing and the Critical Role of QuEChERS Evaporation in Food Safety

<div><div><p><strong>Researchers led by </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://kudova.group.uochb.cz/en"><strong>Eva Kudová</strong></a><strong> from IOCB Prague and Jitka Viktorová from UCT Prague have identified new androstane-based steroid derivatives that can significantly improve the effectiveness of existing antibiotics against multidrug-resistant </strong><i><strong>Staphylococcus aureus</strong></i><strong>.</strong></p></div></div><div><p>The team screened dozens of natural steroidal hormones and synthetic derivatives to see whether they could block bacterial efflux pumps – mechanisms that bacteria use to eject antibiotics and survive treatment. Two compounds emerged as particularly promising: they inhibited efflux pumps and lowered the effective doses of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and erythromycin.</p><p>Further analysis showed that one of the compounds also suppressed genes linked to bacterial virulence. Another key finding is that the most active molecules are non-toxic to human immune cells and showed no detectable endocrine activity, suggesting a favorable safety profile.</p><p>These findings support the idea that rationally designed steroid-based molecules could act as antibiotic adjuvants, helping existing drugs overcome bacterial resistance.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/IOCB_Prague_Steroidal_hormones_and_neurosteroids_novel_therapeutic_strategies_in_bacterial_infections_8e5d2a7b48.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague: Steroidal hormones and neurosteroids – novel therapeutic strategies in bacterial infections" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_IOCB_Prague_Steroidal_hormones_and_neurosteroids_novel_therapeutic_strategies_in_bacterial_infections_8e5d2a7b48.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="1258" height="886"></p><blockquote><h4><strong>Original Article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0223523426001613?via%3Dihub"><strong>Steroidal hormones and neurosteroids - novel therapeutic strategies in bacterial infections: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation</strong></a></h4><p>Daniela Brdová, Bára Křížkovská, Jan Špaček, Zdeněk Míchal, Eva Jablonská, Ondřej Strnad, Hana Chodounská, Eszter Szánti-Pintér, Marina Morozovová, Václav Hanžl, Jan Tkadlec, Martijn Riool, Jan Lipov, Jitka Viktorová, Eva Kudová&nbsp;</p><p><i><strong>Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2026, 308, 118716</strong></i></p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2026.118716">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2026.118716</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><h4><strong>Abstract</strong></h4><p>The global rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates novel therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases. Inhibition of bacterial efflux pumps, which contribute to multidrug resistance, represents a promising approach to restore or even increase the efficacy of existing antibiotics. Using fluorescence-based ethidium bromide accumulation, broth microdilution, and checkerboard assays, we evaluated 26 endogenous steroidal hormones and neurosteroids, along with 30 synthetic derivatives, for their ability to enhance antibiotic susceptibility in multidrug-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Structure-activity relationship analysis identified compounds <strong>13</strong> and <strong>16</strong> as lead candidates, exhibiting strong efflux pump inhibition and marked reductions in the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. Both compounds showed additive effects in checkerboard assays. Modifications at C-3 (polar substitution) and C-17 (3α,5β-stereochemistry and nonpolar substitution) were essential for potent efflux inhibition and sensitization, although these modifications were not additive when combined. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that compound <strong>13</strong> significantly downregulated <i>S. aureus</i> virulence-associated genes when administered alone or in combination with antibiotics. Cytotoxicity assessment in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and receptor transactivation assays for estrogen, androgen, and progesterone receptors indicated that the most active derivatives were non-toxic and lacked detectable endocrine activity, suggesting a favorable safety profile. Overall, these findings support the concept that rationally designed andostane-based steroidal scaffolds can function as competitive bacterial efflux pump inhibitors and serve as potential antibiotic adjuvants to mitigate efflux-mediated resistance.</p><h4><strong>Instrumentation</strong></h4><h5><strong>Structural characterization</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>AVANCE III 400 MHz NMR spectrometer</strong> (Bruker)</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=LTQ+Orbitrap+XL"><strong>LTQ Orbitrap XL HRMS</strong></a> (Thermo Fisher Scientific, ESI)</li></ul></div>

Steroidal hormones and neurosteroids – novel therapeutic strategies in bacterial infections

<p><strong>Metformin is currently the first-line oral drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It reduces glucose production in the liver, improves tissue sensitivity to insulin, and does not cause weight gain or hypoglycemia, which sets it apart from some other antidiabetic drugs. Moreover, its long-term beneficial effects on the risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes have been well established. Researchers from the Institute of Physiology CAS (IPHYS) have identified a new group of blood metabolites that could help physicians objectively monitor whether patients with type 2 diabetes are taking their metformin as prescribed.</strong></p><h4><strong>New biomarkers for metformin use</strong></h4><p>A team led by Tomáš Čajka from the Laboratory of Translational Metabolism at IPHYS analyzed plasma samples from <strong>637 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin</strong> and <strong>143 non-diabetic controls</strong> using advanced metabolomics and lipidomics. Among 614 detected metabolites, they identified five from the group of <strong>N-lactoyl-amino acids </strong>(e.g. N‑lactoyl-phenylalanine), which had previously been seen as unknown signals due to missing reference spectra in databases. The levels of these metabolites in the blood closely reflected the plasma concentrations of metformin. In patients with the highest metformin exposure, the concentrations of these metabolites were up to 7.2 times higher than in controls.</p><h4><strong>A sensitive “fingerprint” of the drug’s effect</strong></h4><p>N-Lactoyl-amino acids are formed in cells by combining lactate and amino acids, thus reflecting the metformin-induced changes in cellular energy metabolism. “<i>Importantly, even though they occur in plasma only at nanomolar concentrations, they reliably distinguish patients who take metformin regularly from those who take it irregularly or not at all</i>,” emphasizes T. Čajka.</p><h4><strong>Metabolomics in practice and international collaboration</strong></h4><p>The study also provides a detailed description of broader metabolic changes in type 2 diabetes, including increases in lactate, organic acids, and branched-chain amino acids, as well as extensive remodelling of the lipid profile. In addition to T. Čajka’s team, collaborators from the Institute for <strong>Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague</strong> and the <strong>West Coast Metabolomics Center</strong> (University of California, Davis) also participated in the study.</p><p>The results demonstrate that advanced metabolomics approaches developed at IPHYS within the <strong>CarDia project</strong> can find highly practical applications both in clinical studies and in personalized monitoring of treatment in patients with diabetes.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpt.70205"><strong>Untargeted Metabolomics Identifies N-Lactoyl-Amino Acids as Dose-Responsive Plasma Biomarkers of Metformin Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes</strong></a></h4><p>Tomas Cajka, Jiri Hricko, Lucie Rudl Kulhava, Michaela Paucova, Michaela Novakova, Veronika Hola, Stanislava Rakusanova, Oliver Fiehn, Vojtech Skop, Ivana Lankova, Iva Miskova, Terezie Pelikanova, Martin Haluzik</p><p>Clin Pharmacol Ther, 119: 1057-1069</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.70205">https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.70205</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><h4><strong>Abstract</strong></h4><p>Metformin is the most widely prescribed antidiabetic drug, yet adherence remains difficult to objectively assess. Using untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics, we analyzed plasma from 637 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with confirmed metformin use and 143 nondiabetic controls, annotating 614 metabolites. Patients were stratified by plasma metformin into sub-therapeutic, therapeutic, and supra-therapeutic groups, and associations were evaluated by multiple linear regression and composite metabolite ranking. Five previously unannotated features were structurally identified as N-lactoyl-amino acids, whose levels correlated strongly with plasma metformin (ρ = 0.42–0.55, P &lt; 0.0001) and increased up to 7.2-fold in the supra-therapeutic group (&gt; 2000 ng/mL). While N-lactoyl-amino acids were consistently detected in the nanomolar range, they still displayed robust and dose-dependent associations with metformin. Broader metabolic changes in T2D included elevated lactate, organic acids, and branched-chain amino acids, together with reduced urea cycle metabolites. Lipidomics showed increases in saturated triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols and decreases in cholesteryl esters, sphingomyelins, and phospholipids. These findings establish N-lactoyl-amino acids as robust, dose-responsive plasma biomarkers of metformin exposure. Despite being up to four orders of magnitude less abundant than their amino acid precursors, they sensitively reflect mitochondrial lactate overflow and pharmacodynamic adaptation, offering objective assessment of adherence.</p>

New blood biomarkers reveal how faithfully diabetes patients take metformin

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The Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS) was established by Act No. 283/1992 Coll. as the Czech successor of the former Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. It is set up as a complex of 54 public research institutions.

Czech Academy of Sciences

The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague) is a leading scientific institution in the Czech Republic, recognized internationally. Its primary mission is basic research in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, organic and material oriented chemistry, chemistry of natural compounds, biochemistry and molecular biology, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. 

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

SIELC Alltesta Gradient Automated HPLC Analyzer

SIELC’s Alltesta™ Analyzer is an affordable HPLC analytical system with for measuring small and trace concentrations of various chemicals.

<p><strong>SIELC’s Alltesta™ Analyzer is an affordable HPLC analytical system that provides both scientific and educational environments with a convenient, simple solution for measuring small and trace concentrations of various chemicals in products such as milk, baby formula, pet food, pills, household formulations, and more.</strong></p><p>No difficult sample preparation is necessary, and no prior experience in chromatography or analytical chemistry is required for the operator. Measurements typically take less than 5 minutes, and the Alltesta™ comes with a set of supplies sufficient for 200 analyses.</p><ul><li><strong>Small foot-print</strong>, <strong>light-weight</strong>, can be used on a small table</li><li>No difficult sample preparation</li><li>Takes only a few <strong>minutes to start</strong> operating</li><li><strong>No chemical experience is required</strong> for instrument user</li><li><strong>User friendly</strong>, self explanatory <strong>cloud-based software</strong></li><li>Produces easy-to-understand <strong>results within 5-10 minutes</strong></li></ul><h4><strong>Alltesta Gradient Automated HPLC Analyzer includes:</strong></h4><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1249"><strong>Alltesta™ Power Tower</strong></a> (provides power and cloud connectivity)</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1244"><strong>Alltesta Mini Autosampler</strong></a> (includes <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1245"><strong>Alltesta High-Pressure Switching Valve</strong></a>)</li><li>Two <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1247"><strong>Alltesta™ Ultra High Pressure Mini Syringe Pumps</strong></a> for gradient flow</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1248"><strong>Alltesta UV-Vis Detector</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>Examples of Alltesta™-based HPLC methods</strong></h4><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/HPLC_Method_for_Analysis_of_Aspirin_in_Alka_Seltzer_Extra_Strength_Effervescent_Aspirin_on_Primesep_100_Column_d33816ae83.pdf"><strong>HPLC Method for Analysis of Aspirin in Alka-Seltzer Extra Strength Effervescent Aspirin</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/HPLC_Method_for_Analysis_of_Phenylephrine_Hydrochloride_1_in_Equate_Nasal_Spray_on_Primesep_100_Column_02f2983c25.pdf"><strong>HPLC Method for Analysis of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 1% in Equate – Nasal Spray</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/HPLC_Method_for_Analysis_of_Rockstar_Zero_Carbs_Energy_Drink_with_Caffeine_and_Taurine_on_Primesep_100_Column_c87a85a0b4.pdf"><strong>HPLC Method for Analysis of Rockstar Zero Carbs Energy Drink with Caffeine and Taurine</strong></a></li></ul><p>See this cloud-based example of the <strong>2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, Allura red, Fast Green FCF, 1,5-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, Tartrazine</strong> separation method <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://chrom.app/share/#/samples/11972/injection/21307/?t=a992fefcdd3647b19f6bed81e182d3d8"><strong>here</strong></a>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/SIELC_SIELC_Alltesta_Gradient_Automated_Analyzer_example_of_the_2_Naphthalenesulfonic_acid_Allura_red_Fast_Green_FCF_1_5_Naphthalenedisulfonic_acid_Tartrazine_separation_b96e648d63.jpg" alt="SIELC: SIELC Alltesta™ Gradient Automated Analyzer - example of the 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, Allura red, Fast Green FCF, 1,5-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, Tartrazine separation."></p>

SIELC Alltesta Cromite HPLC Analyzer

Compact and cloud-connected, the Cromite™ HPLC System delivers precise UV/Vis analysis with innovative single-ended column technology—ideal for research, QC, and education labs.

<p><strong>The Cromite™ HPLC System from SIELC Technologies is a compact, high-performance liquid chromatography platform engineered for research, teaching, and routine quality control. It combines professional analytical performance with intuitive operation in a lightweight, space-saving design.</strong></p><p>Designed for academic institutions, research laboratories, and QC environments in pharmaceuticals, food science, and environmental analysis, Cromite™ delivers reliable separations without the complexity of conventional full-scale systems. Its automated single-vial injection, isocratic syringe pump, and UV/Vis detection enable accurate analysis of compounds such as caffeine, vitamins, food dyes, environmental contaminants, and active pharmaceutical ingredients.</p><p>Cloud-enabled control software allows users to create methods, run analyses, review chromatograms, and share data remotely from virtually any device. This connectivity makes Cromite™ well suited for distributed teams, teaching environments, and flexible laboratory setups.</p><p>A key innovation is SIELC’s proprietary <strong>Single-Ended HPLC Column technology</strong> (up to 150 mm length). This design eliminates tubing and fittings, minimizes dead volume, and enables tool-free column replacement, reducing setup time and the risk of leaks. Each system is supplied with a single-ended column of choice and all essential accessories for immediate operation.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/SIELC_Alltesta_Cromite_HPLC_analyzator_285f593640.jpg" alt="SIELC: Alltesta Cromite HPLC analyzer" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_SIELC_Alltesta_Cromite_HPLC_analyzator_285f593640.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="1024"></p><h4><strong>Key Features</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Compact and Lightweight Design: </strong>Weighing only 1.45 kg and measuring 115 × 190 × 115 mm, Cromite™ fits easily into space-limited labs and classrooms.</li><li><strong>Automated Injection: </strong>Single-vial automated injection simplifies operation and improves reproducibility.</li><li><strong>Isocratic Syringe Pump: </strong>Flow rates from 0.1 to 4.0 mL/min with pressures up to 4000 psi ensure effective separation of complex mixtures.</li><li><strong>UV/Vis Detection</strong><ul><li>Standard wavelengths: 275, 460, 520, 630 nm</li><li>Custom configuration: any four wavelengths starting from 235 nm</li><li>Low noise (&lt;0.05 mAU) and 20 Hz detection rate support reliable quantification.</li></ul></li><li><strong>Cloud-Based Software: </strong>Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and mobile connectivity enable remote method development, data analysis, and collaboration.</li><li><strong>Single-Ended Column Technology</strong><ul><li>Zero dead volume design</li><li>No tubing or fittings</li><li>Tool-free replacement</li><li>Supports 4.6, 3.2, and 2.1 mm ID columns up to 150 mm length</li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>We offer a special 15% discount for schools.</strong></p></blockquote><h4><strong>Examples of Alltesta™-based methods</strong></h4><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://chrom.app/share/#/samples/12579/injection/22619?t=3f67e3c308cc479085c836cc682e8f1a"><strong>HPLC Method of Analysis of Ascorbic Acid</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://chrom.app/share/#/samples/12533/injection/22589/?t=43cad31c0e924440a18874658565c3db"><strong>HPLC Method of Analysis of Theobromine, Theophylline, Caffeine and C7</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://chrom.app/share/#/samples/12411/injection/22415/?t=0c93f4eb855c43aebcfd4c3b1fd55ce9"><strong>HPLC Method of Analysys of Aspirine</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/HPLC_Method_for_Analysis_of_Phenylephrine_Hydrochloride_1_in_Equate_Nasal_Spray_on_Primesep_100_Column_02f2983c25.pdf"><strong>HPLC Method for Analysis of Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 1% in Equate – Nasal Spray</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/HPLC_Method_for_Analysis_of_Rockstar_Zero_Carbs_Energy_Drink_with_Caffeine_and_Taurine_on_Primesep_100_Column_c87a85a0b4.pdf"><strong>HPLC Method for Analysis of Rockstar Zero Carbs Energy Drink with Caffeine and Taurine</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>Specifications</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Injection:</strong> Automatic, 1 vial</li><li><strong>Pump:</strong> Syringe, isocratic</li><li><strong>Flow Rate:</strong> 0.1–4.0 mL/min</li><li><strong>Maximum Pressure:</strong> 4000 psi</li><li><strong>Noise Level:</strong> &lt;0.05 mAU</li><li><strong>Detection Rate:</strong> 20 Hz</li><li><strong>Wavelengths (standard):</strong> 275, 460, 520, 630 nm</li><li><strong>Wavelengths (custom):</strong> Any four starting from 235 nm</li><li><strong>Supported Columns:</strong> Single-Ended HPLC Columns (4.6, 3.2, 2.1 mm ID)</li><li><strong>Column Length:</strong> ≤150 mm</li><li><strong>Connectivity:</strong> Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Mobile network</li><li><strong>Power Supply:</strong> 100–240 V, 50–60 Hz</li><li><strong>Operating Temperature:</strong> 0–40 °C</li><li><strong>Dimensions (W × H × L):</strong> 115 × 190 × 115 mm</li><li><strong>Weight:</strong> 1.45 kg</li></ul><h4><strong>Typical Applications</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Pharmaceutical Analysis</strong> – API identification, formulation testing, and stability studies</li><li><strong>Environmental Testing</strong> – Detection of contaminants in water and soil</li><li><strong>Food &amp; Beverage</strong> – Analysis of vitamins, additives, and preservatives</li><li><strong>Academic Laboratories</strong> – Hands-on chromatographic training and research</li><li><strong>Materials &amp; Chemical Research</strong> – Evaluation of additives, catalysts, and specialty chemicals</li></ul><blockquote><p class="cke-user_style-important">For pricing information, please contact: <a><strong>alltesta@sielc.com</strong></a></p></blockquote>

KNAUER AZURA Educational 400 bar HPLC System

Based on our KNAUER AZURA Compact HPLC: Robust, modern and cost-effective.

<p><strong>We would like to support you in your efforts to teach chromatography in theory and practice with the KNAUER AZURA Educational System. Our special package for training includes:</strong></p><ul><li><strong>KNAUER AZURA Compact HPLC as a complete solution:</strong> an isocratic HPLC system with manual injection valve, pump, HPLC column and UV detector as well as eluent tray and solvent bottles.</li><li><strong>Intuitive and up-to-date: </strong>The clearly defined layout helps to understand the different functions of the HPLC system. All important components are easy to access and maintain.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>A laptop and the HPLC software ClarityChrom<sup>®</sup></strong> to control the system and analyze results. Alternatively, KNAUER´s Mobile Control can also be used.</li><li><strong>Training material: </strong>flow chart for installation and capillary connection, detailed application note and video tutorials.</li><li>Beyond the detailled described example application, many other easy applications are also possible on this system</li></ul><p><strong>If you are more interested in a fully equipped HPLC system for daily routine analyses, we recommend the KNAUER AZURA HPLC 862 bar systems.</strong></p><h3><strong>Specifications</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Back pressure range: </strong>400 bar max.</li><li><strong>Flow rate range: </strong>0.001–10 ml/min</li><li><strong>Recommended continuous flow rate: </strong>0.1–4 ml/min</li><li><strong>Available pump systems: </strong>Isocratic</li><li><strong>Injection options:</strong>&nbsp;Manual, optionally automatted via electrial injection valve</li><li><strong>Injection volume rangev:</strong>&nbsp;1 µl–5000 µl depending on sample loop and injection syringe</li><li><strong>Column thermostatting range: </strong>Ambient</li><li><strong>Choice of detectors:</strong>&nbsp;UVD</li><li><strong>Choice of software packages: </strong>ClarityChrom® CDS, Mobile Control</li></ul><h3><strong>System components</strong></h3><div><div><p>By choosing the most suitable component options for your specific application task, the AZURA system adapts to your needs.</p></div></div><h4><strong>Isocratic pump system</strong></h4><p>The <strong>AZURA® P 4.1S isocratic compact pump</strong> is the easiest solution and can be applied, whenever an isocratic run is needed. It features an integrated pressure sensor, which ensures pressure-independent flow rate accuracy.&nbsp;Choose between specialized pump heads for reversed phase and normal phase applications.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Isocratic_pump_system_6cc15acad6.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Isocratic pump system" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Isocratic_pump_system_6cc15acad6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1415" height="764"></p><h4><strong>Sample Injection</strong></h4><h5><strong>Manual injection valve</strong></h5><p>KNAUER Manual injection valves V 4.1 are the easiest and most cost- effective way to inject your sample. Equippable with different sample loops, the manual injection valve can be used for a wide range of injection volumes.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Manual_injection_valve_ff921b5148.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Manual injection valve" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Manual_injection_valve_ff921b5148.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1309" height="541"></p><h5><strong>Electrically driven injection valve</strong></h5><p>Whenever you need higher reproducibility and want to get user-independent results, a manual injection valve can be upgraded to an electrically switching injection valve using the <strong>KNAUER smart valve drive VU 4.1</strong>. The sample can still be applied manually, but the injection into the HPLC system is automated.</p><p>For the KNAUER AZURA 400 bar Compact systems, it can be installed&nbsp;as a module in the ASM 2.2L.</p><h4><strong>Column selection and thermostat</strong></h4><p>Optionally available for the KNAUER AZURA Educational system. The <strong>forced air column thermostat</strong><i> </i><strong>AZURA CT 2.1</strong> is capable of heating or cooling from 5 to 85 °C. The powerful fan and robust peltier element keep the column at a very stable temperature, thus allowing reproducible analysis results.&nbsp;Optional eluent preheating cartridges can be installed.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Column_selection_and_thermostat_567c35ab61.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Column selection and thermostat" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Column_selection_and_thermostat_567c35ab61.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1700" height="881"></p><h4><strong>Detection</strong></h4><h5><strong>UV/VIS detectors with single variable wavelength</strong></h5><p>The <strong>AZURA UVD 2.1S</strong> is a highly competitive single variable wavelength UV detector for HPLC. It offers excellent technical specifications for routine laboratory work.&nbsp;The installed deuterium lamp covers a wavelength range from 190 to 500 nm.&nbsp;Due to a smart design, the flow cell is easily accessible and can be changed very quickly.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Compact_variable_single_wavelength_UV_detector_for_ASM_2_2_L_71a87b3680.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Compact variable single wavelength UV detector for ASM 2.2L" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Compact_variable_single_wavelength_UV_detector_for_ASM_2_2_L_71a87b3680.jpg 243w," sizes="100vw" width="1199" height="769"></p><h4><strong>Software solutions</strong></h4><h5><strong>Mobile Control</strong></h5><p>The Mobile Control is an intuitive and cost-effective software solution for controlling and monitoring your AZURA devices and systems. The clear system overview provides instant information on key parameters and system status. Adjust and operate single devices or even whole systems with a few fingertips.&nbsp;The well-structured block programming assists you to clearly and quickly automate device control. A smart user management makes the Mobile Control safe. Device parameters can only be changed by authorized operators.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Mobile_Control_software_2052b3ed77.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Mobile Control software" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Mobile_Control_software_2052b3ed77.jpg 241w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="830"></p><h5><strong>ClarityChrom® CDS</strong></h5><p>ClarityChrom is an easy-to-use chromatography data system for workstations. The optional control extensions for GC, PDA and GPC allow to use the software for a wide range of applications.</p><p>&nbsp;</p>

Products from category Compact HPLC - page 1

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