<div><div><div><p><strong>Scientists at IOCB Prague have developed a breakthrough technology that streamlines aptamer development. The new method integrates several biochemical and bioinformatics steps and paves the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Ongoing applications include wearable sensors that monitor selected biomarkers in real time and provide early warnings of impending health complications. The findings were published in </strong><i><strong>Nature Communications</strong></i><strong>.</strong></p></div></div><div><p>Aptamers are short DNA or RNA strands that can recognize and bind to a specific target molecule with high precision. Similar to antibodies, they can be used to detect these molecules or modulate their activity. Unlike antibodies, they are much more stable, can be produced synthetically, and can be chemically modified to achieve the desired properties. As a result, they can offer capabilities that cannot be achieved with antibodies.</p></div><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Nova_technologie_inovuje_vyvoj_aptameru_syntetickych_alternativ_protilatek_2_81e99b9900.jpg" alt="IOCHB Prague: New technology streamlines the development of aptamers, synthetic alternatives to antibodies: Chemically modified DNA aptamer bound to the target protein." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Nova_technologie_inovuje_vyvoj_aptameru_syntetickych_alternativ_protilatek_2_81e99b9900.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1343" height="916"></p><p>As demand grows for accurate and rapid diagnostic tools, aptamers are often better suited to these applications than antibodies. However, developing aptamers is both experimentally demanding and time-consuming. A team of scientists from IOCB Prague, led by Dr. Marek Ondruš and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://hocek.group.uochb.cz/en"><strong>Prof. Michal Hocek</strong></a>, has now developed a technology that significantly shortens the development process.</p><p><i>“Developing an aptamer is often like looking for a needle in a haystack. Among trillions of different DNA sequences, we search for the one that binds strongly and specifically to a target molecule. Our new approach first screen for ‘aptamer families’ – hundreds of related sequences – and then identify the best-performing member of the family. This approach can reduce development time from several months to only a few days,” </i>says Marek Ondruš.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Video:</strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3zXUeVMugU"> New technology streamlines the development of aptamers, synthetic alternatives to antibodies&nbsp;</a></p></blockquote><p>The team has also expanded the potential applications of aptamers by chemically modifying their building blocks. For example, introducing functional groups similar to those found naturally in amino acids allows the resulting molecules to combine the advantages of both DNA and antibodies: Their sequence is encoded by the order of nucleotides in DNA, while the attached chemical modifications greatly expand their ability to recognize biologically relevant targets and mimic interactions between proteins that are underlying many biological processes.</p><p>The researchers demonstrated the potential of this new method using the human insulin receptor, a key protein that regulates blood sugar levels. They developed an aptamer that specifically binds to the receptor and elucidated the molecular basis of this interaction using cryo-electron microscopy. <i>“We have shown that chemically introduced functional groups play a crucial role not only in target recognition and formation of the aptamer–protein complex, but also in stabilizing the DNA aptamer’s structure. Our findings provide new insights into how chemically modified nucleic acids can mimic key properties of proteins,”</i> says Marek Ondruš.</p><p>In the future, the technology could complement – or, in some applications, even replace – antibody-based diagnostic tools. Researchers are collaborating with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://iocbtech.cz/">IOCB Tech</a> on its further development, as the company helps to bring discoveries from IOCB Prague into practical applications.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Nova_technologie_inovuje_vyvoj_aptameru_syntetickych_alternativ_protilatek_9694c21671.jpg" alt="IOCHB Prague/Tomáš Belloň: New technology streamlines the development of aptamers, synthetic alternatives to antibodies: Dr. Marek Ondruš, first author of the study, and Prof. Michal Hocek, head of the Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry of Nucleic Acids research group at IOCB Prague." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Nova_technologie_inovuje_vyvoj_aptameru_syntetickych_alternativ_protilatek_9694c21671.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1335"></p><blockquote><h4><strong>Original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-73676-y#citeas"><strong>Expedient single-round selection of hyper-modified aptamer targeting insulin receptor from over-represented dually nucleobase-modified DNA libraries</strong></a></h4><p>ablo Alberto Franco-Urquijo, Marek Ondruš, Jaroslav Kurfürst, Jana Škerlová, Irena Selicharová, Lucie Mužíková Čechová, Hana Šváchová, Alena Semerádtová, Anatolij Filimoněnko, Adéla Fejfarová, Jiří Homola, Tomáš Kouba &amp; Michal Hocek</p><p><i><strong>Nat. Commun., 2026</strong></i></p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-73676-y"><span>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-73676-y</span></a><span>&nbsp;</span></p><h6>licenced under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><h4><strong>Abstract</strong></h4><p>Discovery of functional nucleic acids from randomized libraries typically relies on multiple, time-consuming iterative rounds of in vitro selection with low success rate. Here, we present a single-round selection strategy for rapid screening of multiple over-represented nucleobase-modified DNA libraries and various selection conditions, capable of identifying high-affinity modified aptamers. Double partition followed by amplification of eluted sequences, NGS analysis and clustering provides fast identification of aptamer candidates. Screening of modified DNA libraries containing modified adenine and uracil nucleotides bearing hydrophobic aromatic phenyl and indole moieties results in development of an aptamer binding human insulin receptor with sub-nanomolar affinity and exquisite specificity. Cryo-EM structure reveals the importance of each aromatic modification, either in stabilizing the secondary structure or facilitating interactions with the protein surface. This approach addresses the main drawbacks of aptamer selection and has potential for high-throughput screening and accelerating the development of next-generation aptamers for diagnostics or therapeutics.</p></div>

New technology streamlines the development of aptamers, synthetic alternatives to antibodies

<p><strong>Clarity 10.2 expands instrument control capabilities with new control modules and updates the MS extension to help you work more efficiently.</strong></p><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999"><strong>Clarity</strong></a><strong> 10.2 highlights</strong></h4><ul><li>New and updated control modules</li><li>Improved MS data import and export</li><li>Obsolete hardware support ended</li></ul><h4><strong>Instrument control modules</strong></h4><p>Clarity 10.2 introduces new instrument control modules from Annuo (AS-3117, FAS-3823) and updated instrument controls form Sykam and Ecom.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Instrument_control_modules_5de26782b0.jpg" alt="DataApex: Instrument control modules" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Instrument_control_modules_5de26782b0.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="380" height="260"></p><h4><strong>MS data import/export improvements</strong></h4><p>Clarity improves MS data exchange, especially for *.cdf files. MS instruments now support export and import of multiple spectral data and non-spectral signal data in the same CDF file. Import also better handles uniform sampling information, m/z Step values, scale factors, and file names with non-ASCII characters. Exporting individual chromatogram signals from MS instruments is now available through a separate Export Chromatogram dialog.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_MS_data_import_export_improvements_a7967a4020.jpg" alt="DataApex: MS data import-export improvements" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_MS_data_import_export_improvements_a7967a4020.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="378" height="259"></p><h4><strong>Obsolete hardware support terminated</strong></h4><p>Due to changes in Windows driver security requirements, this update discontinues support for obsolete hardware, including INT7, INT9, U-PAD, U-PAD2, and CB20.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Obsolete_hardware_support_terminated_24d9329419.jpg" alt="DataApex: Obsolete hardware support terminated" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Obsolete_hardware_support_terminated_24d9329419.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="378" height="259"></p><blockquote><p><strong>Explore the complete list of all changes, fixes, and additions in version 10.2.</strong></p><p><strong>👉</strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/version_history?product=1"><strong>See the complete changelog&nbsp;</strong></a></p></blockquote>

Clarity Chromatography Software 10.2 released!

<p><strong>🎤Dr. Leigh Terry (University of Alabama)</strong></p><p><strong>In this episode of Concentrating on Chromatography, we sit down with Dr. Leigh Terry from the University of Alabama to explore one of the biggest challenges in environmental analysis today: understanding—and accurately measuring—PFAS in water systems.</strong></p><p>While most regulatory methods focus on a small number of compounds like PFOA and PFOS, there may be thousands of PFAS compounds in the environment—and much of that burden goes undetected.</p><h4><strong>In this episode, we cover:</strong></h4><ul><li>Why PFAS are called “forever chemicals” (and why that label is evolving)</li><li>The limitations of targeted<strong> LC-MS/MS methods</strong></li><li>What the fluorine mass balance problem reveals about PFAS destruction</li><li>How combustion ion chromatography (<strong>CIC</strong>) helps measure total organofluorine</li><li>Why “99.99% removal” doesn’t always mean what you think</li><li>Where PFAS actually end up in wastewater treatment systems</li><li>The most effective technologies for PFAS removal today</li><li>Why drinking water may only account for ~20% of total PFAS exposure</li></ul><h4><strong>Key Insight:</strong></h4><p>Even when analyzing dozens of PFAS compounds, researchers may only be capturing a small fraction of total organic fluorine—raising major questions about how we monitor and regulate these contaminants.</p><h3><strong>Video Transcription</strong></h3><p>In this episode of <i>Concentrating on Chromatography</i>, Dr. Leigh Terry discusses PFAS contamination in drinking water, the analytical challenges associated with measuring these compounds, current treatment technologies, and future directions for monitoring and regulation. The conversation highlights how analytical chemistry, environmental engineering, and public health intersect in addressing one of today's most discussed classes of emerging contaminants.</p><h4><strong>Understanding PFAS and Their Significance</strong></h4><h5><strong>The University of Alabama Water Quality Research Center</strong></h5><p>Dr. Leigh Terry is part of the University of Alabama's Center for Water Quality Research. The center operates an analytical laboratory focused on drinking water quality and the detection of contaminants at extremely low concentrations.</p><p>The laboratory specializes in:</p><ul><li>Drinking water analysis</li><li>Organic contaminants</li><li>Emerging contaminants</li><li>PFAS monitoring</li><li>Water quality research</li></ul><p>Their work supports both research initiatives and practical solutions for water utilities and environmental agencies.</p><h4><strong>Why Focus on PFAS?</strong></h4><p>Although PFAS compounds have existed since the 1940s, public awareness has increased dramatically only in recent years.</p><p>According to Dr. Terry, several factors contributed to the rapid growth of PFAS research:</p><ul><li>Increased media attention</li><li>New regulatory initiatives</li><li>Growing evidence of human exposure</li><li>Expanding research opportunities</li><li>Greater understanding of potential health risks</li></ul><p>PFAS are not new contaminants. Rather, society is only beginning to understand their prevalence in the environment and their potential impacts on human health.</p><h4><strong>The Development of Standardized PFAS Methods</strong></h4><p>One major advancement in PFAS analysis has been the development of standardized EPA methods.</p><p>These methods allow:</p><ul><li>Consistent testing procedures</li><li>Comparable results between laboratories</li><li>Regulatory monitoring</li><li>Reliable data interpretation</li></ul><p>Dr. Terry notes that many of these standardized approaches began appearing around 2018–2019, providing a common framework for analytical laboratories and researchers.</p><h4><strong>How Large Is the PFAS Universe?</strong></h4><p>Many people are familiar with PFOA and PFOS, two of the most heavily studied PFAS compounds. However, these represent only a small fraction of the broader PFAS family.</p><p>PFOA and PFOS are often referred to as:</p><ul><li>Legacy PFAS compounds</li><li>Original PFAS contaminants</li><li>Early commercial PFAS chemicals</li></ul><p>The challenge is that even minor modifications to molecular structure create entirely new PFAS compounds.</p><p>Researchers estimate:</p><ul><li>Thousands of PFAS compounds exist</li><li>Some estimates exceed 10,000 compounds</li><li>Exact numbers depend on how PFAS are defined</li></ul><p>Scientific debate continues regarding classification and definition, making precise counting difficult.</p><h4><strong>Why PFAS Are Called "Forever Chemicals"</strong></h4><p>Dr. Terry notes that the phrase "forever chemicals" has become widely used, although she suggests the terminology could benefit from rebranding.</p><p>PFAS persistence results from two key chemical properties.</p><h5><strong>1. Amphiphilic Structure</strong></h5><p>PFAS molecules contain:</p><ul><li>A water-loving (hydrophilic) head group</li><li>A water-repelling (hydrophobic) fluorinated tail</li></ul><p>This unusual combination allows PFAS to partition between:</p><ul><li>Water</li><li>Solids</li><li>Air-water interfaces</li><li>Foam</li></ul><p>Unlike many organic compounds, PFAS can interact effectively with multiple environmental phases.</p><h5><strong>2. Extremely Strong Carbon–Fluorine Bonds</strong></h5><p>The carbon–fluorine bond is among the strongest bonds in organic chemistry.</p><p>As Dr. Terry explains:</p><ul><li>Large amounts of energy are required to break these bonds</li><li>Natural degradation processes are often ineffective</li><li>Destruction can require highly aggressive treatment conditions</li></ul><p>These properties make PFAS extremely persistent in both environmental systems and biological organisms.</p><h4><strong>Toxicity, Regulations, and Environmental Behavior</strong></h4><h5><strong>Understanding PFAS Toxicity</strong></h5><p>One of the biggest challenges in PFAS regulation is the incomplete understanding of toxicity.</p><p>Dr. Terry explains that EPA regulations generally consider three factors:</p><ul><li>Presence in drinking water sources</li><li>Toxicity to humans</li><li>Availability of practical treatment options</li></ul><p>While some PFAS compounds are known to be harmful, many others remain insufficiently studied. Furthermore, PFAS often occur as mixtures rather than individual compounds.</p><p>This creates important scientific questions:</p><ul><li>What is the toxicity of individual PFAS?</li><li>What is the toxicity of PFAS mixtures?</li><li>How should cumulative exposure be evaluated?</li></ul><p>These uncertainties continue to drive active research.</p><h4><strong>What Happens to PFAS in Wastewater Treatment Plants?</strong></h4><p>PFAS do not behave like many conventional contaminants.</p><p>Rather than remaining fully dissolved in water, they often accumulate at interfaces such as:</p><ul><li>Water-solid interfaces</li><li>Water-air interfaces</li><li>Foam layers</li><li>Biological solids</li></ul><p>As a result:</p><ul><li>Some PFAS accumulate in biosolids</li><li>Some partition into foam</li><li>Some remain in treated effluent</li></ul><p>Their distribution depends on wastewater composition and treatment processes.</p><h4><strong>Regulatory Monitoring and Targeted LC-MS Analysis</strong></h4><p>Current EPA regulations focus on targeted analysis of specific PFAS compounds.</p><p>Examples include:</p><ul><li>PFOA</li><li>PFOS</li></ul><p>Drinking water regulations currently establish maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for these compounds at extremely low concentrations.</p><p>Advantages of targeted LC-MS analysis include:</p><ul><li>Clearly defined analytes</li><li>Established regulatory limits</li><li>High analytical sensitivity</li><li>Reliable quantitation</li></ul><p>However, limitations remain:</p><ul><li>Only a small subset of PFAS is measured</li><li>Many PFAS compounds remain undetected</li><li>Total PFAS burden may be underestimated</li></ul><p>As Dr. Terry notes, targeted analysis provides only part of the overall picture.</p><h4><strong>The Fluorine Mass Balance Problem</strong></h4><p>One of the most important concepts discussed in the interview is fluorine mass balance.</p><p>When PFAS degrade, fluorinated fragments may remain in the environment.</p><p>This creates a critical question:</p><p>Are treatment technologies truly destroying PFAS, or merely transforming them into shorter-chain PFAS compounds?</p><p>To answer this, researchers perform fluorine mass balance calculations using:</p><ul><li>Targeted PFAS analysis</li><li>Fluoride measurements</li><li>Total organic fluorine measurements</li></ul><p>A successful destruction process should ultimately convert PFAS into fluoride ions rather than simply producing smaller PFAS molecules.</p><h4><strong>Advanced Analysis, Treatment Technologies, and Future Directions</strong></h4><h5><strong>Combining Targeted and Bulk Fluorine Measurements</strong></h5><p>Dr. Terry's group complements targeted LC-MS analysis with measurements of total organic fluorine.</p><p>Approaches include:</p><ul><li>Absorbable Organic Fluorine (AOF)</li><li>Extractable Organic Fluorine (EOF)</li><li>Combustion Ion Chromatography (CIC)</li></ul><p>In these methods:</p><ul><li>Organic fluorine is captured</li><li>Samples are combusted</li><li>Released fluoride is quantified</li></ul><p>This provides insight into total fluorinated content, although contributions may originate from sources beyond PFAS, including pharmaceuticals and consumer products.</p><h4><strong>Surprising Findings from Combined Analysis</strong></h4><p>One important finding from wastewater studies was that targeted PFAS measurements accounted for only a small fraction of total organic fluorine.</p><p>Dr. Terry reports that:</p><ul><li>Approximately 4% of measured AOF could be explained by targeted PFAS compounds</li><li>The majority of organic fluorine remained unidentified</li></ul><p>This suggests that environmental fluorine chemistry is considerably more complex than currently represented by routine monitoring programs.</p><h4><strong>Preventing PFAS Contamination in the Laboratory</strong></h4><p>PFAS analysis requires exceptionally strict quality control.</p><p>Dr. Terry's laboratory routinely:</p><ul><li>Tests every new batch of SPE cartridges</li><li>Tests carbon tubes before use</li><li>Uses DI water blanks</li><li>Verifies consumables labeled as PFAS-free</li><li>Collects field blanks</li><li>Monitors analytical blanks throughout workflows</li></ul><p>These practices help prevent contamination from laboratory materials and consumables, a common challenge in ultra-trace PFAS analysis.</p><h4><strong>Current PFAS Treatment Technologies</strong></h4><p>Three technologies currently dominate PFAS removal in drinking water treatment:</p><ul><li>Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)</li><li>Ion Exchange Resins</li><li>Reverse Osmosis (RO)</li></ul><p>Selection depends on:</p><ul><li>PFAS concentration</li><li>Water quality</li><li>Local operating conditions</li><li>Utility infrastructure</li></ul><p>Although many emerging technologies are being investigated, these remain the most widely implemented solutions.</p><h4><strong>Membrane Filtration and Pretreatment</strong></h4><p>Dr. Terry collaborates with colleagues studying membrane-based PFAS treatment.</p><p>Her own work focuses on pretreatment through biological filtration.</p><p>The strategy involves:</p><ul><li>Removing natural organic matter</li><li>Reducing membrane fouling</li><li>Improving membrane performance</li><li>Extending operational efficiency</li></ul><p>This integrated approach demonstrates how multiple treatment technologies can work together to improve PFAS removal.</p><h4><strong>Regional Monitoring Projects</strong></h4><p>The University of Alabama team participates in EPA-supported monitoring efforts along the Gulf Coast.</p><p>Their observations indicate:</p><ul><li>PFAS rarely occur alone</li><li>Multiple PFAS compounds frequently co-occur</li><li>Contamination often originates from identifiable point sources</li></ul><p>Examples include:</p><ul><li>Industrial facilities</li><li>Manufacturing operations</li><li>Military installations</li><li>Carpet manufacturing facilities</li></ul><p>Source identification remains a critical component of environmental monitoring programs.</p><h4><strong>Future Directions for PFAS Monitoring</strong></h4><p>Looking ahead, Dr. Terry sees several opportunities for improvement.</p><p>Desired advances include:</p><ul><li>In situ monitoring technologies</li><li>Portable detection systems</li><li>Reduced analytical complexity</li><li>Lower instrument costs</li><li>Less expensive consumables</li><li>Faster analysis workflows</li></ul><p>Current PFAS testing requires substantial expertise, specialized instrumentation, and rigorous quality control, making widespread implementation challenging.</p><h4><strong>Dr. Terry's Perspective on Long-Term Solutions</strong></h4><p>When asked what major PFAS challenge she would most like to solve, Dr. Terry offered a broader perspective.</p><p>Rather than focusing solely on remediation, she emphasized prevention.</p><p>Her view is that society should:</p><ul><li>Better evaluate chemical toxicity before commercialization</li><li>Assess risks before large-scale deployment</li><li>Reduce introduction of harmful compounds into the environment</li><li>Support utilities tasked with contaminant removal</li></ul><p>She notes that water utilities often bear the responsibility of removing contaminants they did not create, highlighting the need for broader societal and regulatory support.</p><h4><strong>Final Thoughts</strong></h4><p>Dr. Terry encourages consumers to:</p><ul><li>Learn where their drinking water originates</li><li>Read annual water quality reports</li><li>Stay informed about local water quality</li><li>Consider appropriate home filtration where needed</li></ul><p>At the same time, she emphasizes confidence in municipal water systems and the importance of continued investment in water quality research, monitoring, and treatment technologies.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>PFAS remain one of the most complex challenges in environmental chemistry and water treatment. Through advanced analytical methods such as LC-MS/MS, combustion ion chromatography, fluorine mass balance approaches, and large-scale monitoring programs, researchers like Dr. Leigh Terry are helping improve our understanding of these persistent contaminants.</p><p>The interview highlights that solving the PFAS challenge will require a combination of better analytical tools, improved treatment technologies, stronger regulatory frameworks, and a greater emphasis on prevention before contaminants enter the environment.</p><blockquote><p><strong>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</strong></p></blockquote><blockquote><h4><strong>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</strong></h4><p>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!</p><p>You can find <strong>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast </strong>in podcast apps:</p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL"><strong>Spotify</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185"><strong>Apple podcast</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography"><strong>podscan</strong></a></li></ul><p>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos"><strong>YouTube channel</strong></a></p></blockquote>

PFAS in Water: Why We’re Missing 96% of the Problem

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Environment

Water

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Science and research

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Since 1991 DataApex develops and manufactures chromatography data stations. DataApex is constantly striving to provide users with efficient and up-to-date tools for chromatography data processing.

DataApex

The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague) is a leading scientific institution in the Czech Republic, recognized internationally. Its primary mission is basic research in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, organic and material oriented chemistry, chemistry of natural compounds, biochemistry and molecular biology, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. 

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

Organomation NITRO-GEN+ Nitrogen Generator

The NITRO-GEN+ Nitrogen Generator is designed to satisfy the needs of the LC-MS and sample preparation fields.

<p><strong>The NITRO-GEN+ Nitrogen Generator is designed to satisfy the needs of the LC-MS and sample preparation fields. The NITRO-GEN+ is compatible with all Organomation nitrogen evaporators up to 100 sample positions, along with most LC-MS analyzers on the market. It relies on Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) technology to separate nitrogen from the air. The unit uses molecular sieves to remove oxygen, water, and trace hydrocarbons, leaving a stream of high purity nitrogen gas. Nitrogen is produced by utilizing a combination of this Carbon Molecular Sieve technology along with high and low pressure compressors.</strong></p><p>This unique technology allows the nitrogen to be produced at a low pressure and an ambient temperature, eliminating the need for high pressure cylinders which can be dangerous for the technicians handling them. The low pressure also ensures a longer compressor life, which reduces the time and money spent on regular maintenance. The generator's simple installation and operation combined with its superior reliability makes the NITRO-GEN+ a staple in any laboratory.</p><h4><strong>Standard features</strong></h4><ul><li>Integrated low noise, oil free compressors</li><li>On-demand supply 24/7</li><li>Proprietary carbon molecular sieve technology</li><li>Complete "plug and play" LC-MS solution</li><li>Two-year complete product warranty or 8,000 hour run-time warranty</li></ul><h4><strong>Compatible features</strong></h4><ul><li>All Organomation evaporators up to 100 sample positions</li><li>Most LC-MS analyzers on the market</li></ul><h4><strong>Specification</strong></h4><h5><strong>Key Features:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Flow Rate:</strong> Up to 35 L/min</li><li><strong>Nitrogen Purity:</strong><ul><li>Up to 99% at ≤ 25 L/min</li><li>Up to 98% at &gt; 25 L/min</li></ul></li><li><strong>Dewpoint:</strong> -58 °F (-50 °C)</li><li><strong>Output Pressure:</strong> 0 – 116 PSI (0 – 8 bar)</li><li><strong>Warm-Up Time:</strong> 20 minutes</li><li><strong>Technology:</strong> Carbon molecular sieve (CMS)</li></ul><h5><strong>Electrical &amp; Safety:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Power Supply:</strong><ul><li>110–120 V, 60 Hz</li><li>220–240 V, 50 Hz</li></ul></li><li><strong>Total Wattage:</strong> 1800 W</li><li><strong>Protection Rating:</strong><ul><li>Electrical: IP20</li><li>Mechanical Impact: IK08</li></ul></li><li><strong>Noise Level:</strong> 55 dBA at 1 meter</li></ul><h5><strong>Dimensions &amp; Weight:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Size (W × D × H):</strong> 18.9 × 33 × 25 in (48 × 83.8 × 63.5 cm)</li><li><strong>Weight:</strong> 198 lbs (90 kg)</li></ul><h5><strong>Connections &amp; Certifications:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Outlet Connection:</strong> 6 mm OD compression or 1/4"</li><li><strong>Certifications:</strong> CE, FCC, MET (UL and CSA compliant)</li></ul><h5><strong>Environmental Specifications:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Operating Temperature:</strong> 59–95 °F (15–35 °C)</li><li><strong>Relative Humidity:</strong><ul><li>0–80% (non-condensing)</li><li>0–99% (with condensation drain)</li></ul></li><li><strong>Altitude:</strong> &lt; 2000 m (800–1150 hPa)</li></ul><p><strong>Warranty: </strong>2 years or 8,000-hour runtime (whichever comes first)</p>

Linde REDLINE Pressure Regulators C 200/1 & C 200/2

REDLINE C 200 pressure regulators provide precise and stable gas control up to 6.0 purity, ideal for laboratory, analytical, and research applications.

<p><strong>The REDLINE C 200 series pressure regulators (models C 200/1 single-stage and C 200/2 dual-stage) are designed for precise control of non-corrosive gases with purity levels up to 6.0 (99.9999%), as well as gas mixtures containing low concentrations of corrosive components.</strong></p><p>These regulators ensure excellent pressure stability, high accuracy, and preservation of gas purity, making them ideal for demanding laboratory, analytical, and research applications.</p><p>The C 200/1 single-stage version is suitable for applications with stable inlet pressure, such as gases supplied in liquid phase. The C 200/2 dual-stage version is specifically designed for systems where inlet pressure fluctuates, ensuring highly stable outlet pressure even under changing conditions.</p><h4><span><strong>Key Features</strong></span></h4><ul><li>High precision pressure regulation for analytical applications</li><li>Suitable for high-purity gases up to grade 6.0 (99.9999%)</li><li>Excellent outlet pressure stability (especially dual-stage version)</li><li>Designed to maintain gas purity and minimize contamination</li><li>Wide range of configurable outlet pressure ranges</li><li>Flexible configuration with multiple valve and purging options</li><li>Robust and reliable design for laboratory and R&amp;D environments</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Inlet pressure:</strong> up to 230 bar</li><li><strong>Outlet pressure ranges:</strong><ul><li><i>C 200/1 (single-stage):</i> 3 / 6 / 10 / 14 / 16 / 28 / 35 / 50 / 100 / 200 bar</li><li><i>C 200/2 (dual-stage):</i> 1 / 3 / 6 / 10 / 14 bar</li></ul></li><li><strong>Gas compatibility:</strong><ul><li>Non-corrosive gases up to purity 6.0</li><li>Gas mixtures with low corrosive content</li></ul></li><li><strong>Inlet connections:</strong><ul><li>According to DIN 477 and gas specification</li></ul></li><li><strong>Outlet connections:</strong><ul><li>Compression fittings</li><li>Hose nozzles</li></ul></li></ul><h4><span><strong>Available Configurations</strong></span></h4><h5><span><strong>Models</strong></span></h5><ul><li><strong>C 200/1 (Single-stage)</strong><br>Designed for applications with stable inlet pressure</li><li><strong>C 200/2 (Dual-stage)</strong><br>Designed for fluctuating inlet pressure with maximum outlet stability</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Optional Equipment</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Shut-off valve (Type A)</li><li>Needle valve (Type B)</li><li>High-pressure side purge (Type P)</li><li>Inert/external gas purge (Type TP)</li><li>Purge manifold (Type EP)</li><li>Post-purge (Type DP – available only for C 200/2)</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Applications</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Laboratory gas supply systems</li><li>Analytical instrumentation (e.g., GC, LC, MS workflows)</li><li>Research and development environments</li><li>High-purity gas distribution systems</li><li>Any application requiring stable pressure and contamination-free gas delivery</li></ul>

Linde REDLINE Pressure Regulators C 300/1 & C 300/2

REDLINE C 300 pressure regulators provide precise and stable gas control up to 6.0 purity, ensuring reliability for laboratory, analytical, and research applications.

<p><strong>The REDLINE C 300 series pressure regulators (models C 300/1 single-stage and C 300/2 dual-stage) are designed for precise control of non-corrosive gases with purity levels up to 6.0 (99.9999%), as well as gas mixtures containing low concentrations of corrosive components.</strong></p><p>Thanks to their robust design and high-quality manufacturing, these regulators provide excellent pressure stability, accuracy, and long-term reliability. They are particularly well suited for demanding laboratory, analytical, and research applications where maintaining gas purity and consistent pressure is critical.</p><p>The C 300/1 single-stage regulator is recommended for applications with relatively stable inlet pressure, such as gases supplied in liquid phase. The C 300/2 dual-stage version is intended for systems with fluctuating inlet pressure, ensuring highly stable outlet pressure and improved control under varying operating conditions.</p><h4><span><strong>Key Features</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Precise and stable pressure regulation for analytical workflows</li><li>Compatible with high-purity gases up to grade 6.0 (99.9999%)</li><li>Dual-stage version provides superior outlet pressure stability</li><li>Designed to maintain gas purity and minimize contamination risks</li><li>Wide range of adjustable outlet pressure settings</li><li>Modular design with multiple optional valve and purge configurations</li><li>High reliability for continuous laboratory and R&amp;D operation</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Inlet pressure:</strong> up to 300 bar</li><li><strong>Outlet pressure ranges:</strong><ul><li><i>C 300/1 (single-stage):</i> 3 / 6 / 10 / 14 / 16 / 28 / 35 / 50 / 100 / 200 bar</li><li><i>C 300/2 (dual-stage):</i> 1 / 3 / 6 / 10 / 14 bar</li></ul></li><li><strong>Gas compatibility:</strong><ul><li>Non-corrosive gases up to purity 6.0</li><li>Gas mixtures with low corrosive content</li></ul></li><li><strong>Inlet connections:</strong><ul><li>According to DIN 477 and gas specification</li></ul></li><li><strong>Outlet connections:</strong><ul><li>Compression fittings</li><li>Hose nozzles</li></ul></li></ul><h4><span><strong>Available Configurations</strong></span></h4><h5><span><strong>Models</strong></span></h5><ul><li><strong>C 300/1 (Single-stage)</strong><br>Designed for applications with stable inlet pressure</li><li><strong>C 300/2 (Dual-stage)</strong><br>Designed for fluctuating inlet pressure with maximum outlet pressure stability</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Optional Equipment</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Shut-off valve (Type A)</li><li>Needle valve (Type B)</li><li>High-pressure side purge (Type P)</li><li>Inert gas purge (Type TP)</li><li>Purge manifold (Type EP)</li><li>Post-purge (Type DP – available only for C 300/2)</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Applications</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Analytical instrumentation (e.g., GC, LC, MS systems)</li><li>Laboratory gas supply systems</li><li>Research and development environments</li><li>High-purity gas distribution systems</li><li>Applications requiring precise pressure control and contamination-free gas delivery</li></ul>

Linde Nitrogen 5.0 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Nitrogen 5.0 (≥99.999%) for analytics, industry, and electronics. High-purity inert gas for purging, protection, and calibration.

<p><strong>Nitrogen 5.0 from </strong><span><strong>Linde</strong></span><strong> is a high-purity inert gas with a purity of ≥ 99.999%, designed for a wide range of industrial, analytical, and technological applications.</strong></p><p>Due to its chemical inertness and high purity, it is ideal as a protective, purge, and carrier gas in demanding processes where oxidation and contamination must be prevented. Nitrogen 5.0 is also widely used as a zero gas in analytical instrumentation, enabling precise baseline calibration.</p><p>Its versatility makes it suitable for applications in metallurgy, chemical processing, food production, electronics, and semiconductor manufacturing.</p><h4><span><strong>Key Features</strong></span></h4><ul><li>High purity ≥ 99.999% (5.0 grade)</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Suitable for protective atmospheres</li><li>Stable performance in analytical applications</li><li>Versatile use across industries</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Gas:</strong> nitrogen (N₂)</li><li><strong>Purity:</strong> ≥ 99.999% (5.0 grade)</li><li><strong>Supply form:</strong> pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>10 L (200 bar)</li><li>20 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (300 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4><span><strong>Applications</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Protective and purge gas in metallurgy and metal processing</li><li>Chemical, food, and electronics industries</li><li>Carrier and protective gas in semiconductor manufacturing</li><li>Cutting gas for laser and plasma cutting (e.g., stainless steel)</li><li>Zero gas in analytical and measurement systems</li></ul>

Linde Nitrogen 5.6 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Nitrogen 5.6 (≥99.9996%) for GC, analytics, and industry. Ultra-high purity gas for purging, protection, and carrier applications.

<p>Nitrogen 5.6 from <span>Linde</span> is an ultra-high purity inert gas with a purity of ≥ 99.9996%, designed for demanding analytical, industrial, and research applications.</p><p>Its extremely low impurity levels make it particularly suitable for gas chromatography and other analytical techniques where baseline stability and minimal interference are critical. Nitrogen 5.6 is also widely used as a protective, purge, and carrier gas in processes requiring reliable contamination control.</p><p>Its versatility enables use across multiple industries as well as in advanced scientific research.</p><h4><span><strong>Key Features</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Ultra-high purity ≥ 99.9996% (5.6 grade)</li><li>Extremely low impurity levels</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Suitable for analytical applications (GC)</li><li>Stable and reproducible performance</li><li>Broad industrial and laboratory use</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Gas:</strong> nitrogen (N₂)</li><li><strong>Purity:</strong> ≥ 99.9996% (5.6 grade)</li><li><strong>Supply form:</strong> pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>10 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4><span><strong>Applications</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Protective and purge gas in metallurgy and metal processing</li><li>Chemical, food, and electronics industries</li><li>Carrier and protective gas in semiconductor manufacturing</li><li>Zero gas for analytical instruments</li><li>Purging gas in extrusion and system flushing</li><li>Carrier gas in gas chromatography (GC)</li><li>Cooling applications (e.g., shrink fitting)</li><li>Plastics processing</li><li>Construction and food industry</li><li>Biology, medicine, and research</li></ul>

Linde Nitrogen 4.6 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Nitrogen 4.6 (≥99.996%) for industry and analytics. Reliable inert gas for purging, protection, and calibration.

<p><strong>Nitrogen 4.6 from </strong><span><strong>Linde</strong></span><strong> is a high-purity inert gas with a purity of ≥ 99.996%, suitable for a wide range of industrial and analytical applications.</strong></p><p>Due to its chemical inertness, it is widely used as a protective and purge gas in processes where oxidation or contamination must be prevented. Nitrogen 4.6 is also suitable as a zero gas in analytical instrumentation, providing stable baseline conditions for accurate measurements.</p><p>In industrial environments, it is commonly used as a cutting gas for laser and plasma cutting of standard materials.</p><h4><span><strong>Key Features</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Purity ≥ 99.996% (4.6 grade)</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Suitable for protective atmospheres</li><li>Stable performance in analytical applications</li><li>Versatile industrial use</li><li>Supplied in pressurized cylinders</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Gas:</strong> nitrogen (N₂)</li><li><strong>Purity:</strong> ≥ 99.996% (4.6 grade)</li><li><strong>Supply form:</strong> pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>20 l (200 bar)</li><li>50 l (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4><span><strong>Applications</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Protective and purge gas in metallurgy and metal processing</li><li>Chemical, food, and electronics industries</li><li>Carrier and protective gas in semiconductor manufacturing</li><li>Laser and plasma cutting gas</li><li>Zero gas for analytical and measurement systems</li></ul>

Linde Nitrogen 4.0 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Nitrogen 4.0 (≥99.99%) for industrial applications. Reliable inert gas for purging, protection, and cooling.

<p><strong>Nitrogen 4.0 from </strong><span><strong>Linde</strong></span><strong> is a technically pure inert gas with a purity of ≥ 99.99%, designed for a wide range of industrial and technological applications.</strong></p><p>Due to its chemical inertness, it is widely used as a protective and purging gas in processes where oxidation or unwanted reactions must be prevented. Nitrogen 4.0 is also suitable as a universal cooling medium and is applied across various industrial and research processes.</p><p>Its robust and versatile performance makes it a cost-effective solution for applications where ultra-high purity is not required.</p><h4><span><strong>Key Features</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Purity ≥ 99.99% (4.0 grade)</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Suitable for protective and purging applications</li><li>Versatile industrial use</li><li>Suitable as a cooling medium</li><li>Cost-effective solution</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Gas:</strong> nitrogen (N₂)</li><li><strong>Purity:</strong> ≥ 99.99% (4.0 grade)</li><li><strong>Supply form:</strong> pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>10 L (200 bar)</li><li>20 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (300 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4><span><strong>Applications</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Protective gas in metallurgical, chemical, food, and electrochemical industries</li><li>Purging gas for pipes and tanks</li><li>Cooling applications (e.g., shrink fitting, plastics processing)</li><li>Construction, food industry, biology, and medicine</li><li>Welding applications (root protection and oxidation prevention)</li></ul>

Linde Nitrogen 5.3 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Nitrogen 5.3 (≥99.999%) for GC, analytics, and industry. High-purity inert gas for purging, protection, and carrier applications.

<p><strong>Nitrogen 5.3 from </strong><span><strong>Linde</strong></span><strong> is a high-purity inert gas with a purity of ≥ 99.999%, suitable for demanding analytical, industrial, and research applications.</strong></p><p>Its low impurity levels make it ideal as a carrier gas in gas chromatography and as a working gas for analytical instruments. It is also widely used as a protective, purge, and flushing gas in processes requiring a stable inert environment with minimal contamination risk.</p><p>Nitrogen 5.3 offers an optimal balance between high purity and cost efficiency for a wide range of applications.</p><h4><span><strong>Key Features</strong></span></h4><ul><li>High purity ≥ 99.999% (5.3 grade)</li><li>Low trace impurity levels</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Suitable for analytical applications (GC)</li><li>Stable and reproducible performance</li><li>Versatile industrial and laboratory use</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Gas:</strong> nitrogen (N₂)</li><li><strong>Purity:</strong> ≥ 99.999% (5.3 grade)</li><li><strong>Supply form:</strong> pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>50 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (300 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4><span><strong>Applications</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Protective and purge gas in metallurgy and metal processing</li><li>Chemical, food, and electronics industries</li><li>Carrier and protective gas in semiconductor manufacturing</li><li>Zero gas for analytical instruments</li><li>Flushing gas for industrial systems</li><li>Carrier gas in gas chromatography (GC)</li><li>Cooling applications (e.g., shrink fitting)</li><li>Plastics processing</li><li>Construction and food industry</li><li>Biology, medicine, and research</li></ul>

Linde Nitrogen 6.0 – Gas Cylinder

Linde Nitrogen 6.0 (≥99.9999%) for GC, semiconductors, and research. Ultra-high purity inert gas for demanding analytical and industrial applications.

<p><strong>Nitrogen 6.0 from </strong><span><strong>Linde</strong></span><strong> is an ultra-high purity inert gas with a purity of ≥ 99.9999%, designed for the most demanding analytical, laboratory, and industrial applications.</strong></p><p>Its extremely low level of trace impurities makes it ideal for high-sensitivity analytical techniques such as gas chromatography, as well as for semiconductor manufacturing and advanced research. It ensures maximum stability, minimal contamination, and excellent reproducibility.</p><p>Nitrogen 6.0 is the preferred choice wherever gas purity is critical and precise control of process conditions is required.</p><h4><span><strong>Key Features</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Ultra-high purity ≥ 99.9999% (6.0 grade)</li><li>Extremely low trace impurity levels</li><li>Chemically inert gas</li><li>Ideal for analytical and semiconductor applications</li><li>High stability and reproducibility</li><li>Suitable for high-end applications</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Gas:</strong> nitrogen (N₂)</li><li><strong>Purity:</strong> ≥ 99.9999% (6.0 grade)</li><li><strong>Supply form:</strong> pressurized gas cylinder<ul><li>10 l (200 bar)</li><li>50 l (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4><span><strong>Applications</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Protective and purge gas in metallurgy and metal processing</li><li>Chemical, food, and electronics industries</li><li>Carrier and protective gas in semiconductor manufacturing</li><li>Zero gas for analytical instruments</li><li>Flushing gas for industrial systems</li><li>Carrier gas in gas chromatography (GC)</li><li>Cooling applications (e.g., shrink fitting)</li><li>Plastics processing</li><li>Construction and food industry</li><li>Biology, medicine, and research</li></ul>

Linde Food Grade Nitrogen – Gas Cylinder

Food grade nitrogen from Linde for MAP packaging, inerting, and food protection. Prevents oxidation and extends product shelf life.

<p><strong>Food grade nitrogen from </strong><span><strong>Linde</strong></span><strong> is a high-purity inert gas designed for use in the food and beverage industry. It complies with all relevant regulations for food-contact applications.</strong></p><p>Nitrogen is primarily used to displace oxygen, preventing oxidation, microbial growth, and product degradation. Its inert nature helps extend shelf life while preserving product quality, taste, and appearance.</p><p>It is suitable for a wide range of applications, including modified atmosphere packaging and beverage inerting.</p><h4><span><strong>Key Features</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Food-grade quality compliant with regulations</li><li>Inert gas with no impact on taste or odor</li><li>Prevents oxidation and microbial growth</li><li>Extends shelf life of products</li><li>Suitable for MAP packaging and inerting</li><li>Colorless and odorless</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Gas:</strong> nitrogen (N₂)</li><li><strong>Grade:</strong> food grade</li><li><strong>Supply form:</strong> gas cylinder<ul><li>20 L (200 bar)</li><li>50 L (200 bar)</li></ul></li></ul><h4><span><strong>Applications</strong></span></h4><h5><strong>Food Industry:</strong></h5><ul><li>Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP)</li><li>Oxygen displacement during packaging</li><li>Storage of oils and fats to prevent oxidation</li><li>Cryogenic cooling and freezing (liquid nitrogen)</li></ul><h5><strong>Beverage Industry:</strong></h5><ul><li>Inerting of beverages and equipment</li><li>Wine preservation and storage</li><li>Shelf-life extension of beverages</li></ul>

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