<p><strong>In closed communities such as the Amish in North America, rare genetic disorders occur more frequently. In children from this community, a condition has been described that affects the development of the nervous system and manifests, for example, as muscle weakness or epileptic seizures. The disorder is linked to a small change in a single protein, but for a long time it was unclear which cellular process this change disrupts. This question has now been answered by researchers from CEITEC Masaryk University, who show that the disease is caused by a disruption of a key mechanism required for the proper processing of genetic information in the cell.</strong></p><p>Every cell must first transcribe genetic information and then modify it before it can be used. From the original “working transcript,” unnecessary parts are removed and the remaining pieces are precisely joined together. This process, known as RNA splicing, consists of many consecutive steps and is tightly regulated. If the process does not proceed correctly or stops at any point, the cell cannot properly convert the copied genetic information into a usable form and therefore cannot function as it should.</p><p>Researchers from CEITEC Masaryk University have now described one of the key steps in this process – <strong>a specific signal inside the cell</strong>. This signal acts as a checkpoint: only once it is fulfilled, the entire mechanism is activated and the process can continue.</p><p><i>“We showed that during RNA splicing, a chemical modification of the protein SF3B1 is required at a precisely timed step. This modification allows another protein, SNIP1, to bind. If this signal is not transmitted correctly, the cell cannot proceed with the splicing process,”</i> explains first author<strong> </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ceitec.eu/pavla-gajduskova-ph-d/u26136?page=publication"><strong>Pavla Gajdušková</strong></a>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Vzacna_geneticka_porucha_z_amisske_komunity_pomohla_potvrdit_klicovy_mechanismus_v_bunce_4_79e003984a.jpeg" alt="CEITEC: A Rare Genetic Disorder in the Amish Community Helped Confirm a Key Cellular Mechanism: Pavla Gajdušková" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Vzacna_geneticka_porucha_z_amisske_komunity_pomohla_potvrdit_klicovy_mechanismus_v_bunce_4_79e003984a.jpeg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067"></p><p>This is where the research connects to patients in the Amish community. In affected children, a <strong>small genetic change in the SNIP1 protein </strong>disrupts its ability to respond properly to the signal mediated by the modified SF3B1 protein, <strong>making RNA splicing less efficient than in healthy individuals</strong>. As a result, errors occur during RNA splicing that the cell cannot correct, impairing its function – especially in the nervous system.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Vzacna_geneticka_porucha_z_amisske_komunity_pomohla_potvrdit_klicovy_mechanismus_v_bunce_44a7e2ef17.jpg" alt="CEITEC/Blažek Lab: A Rare Genetic Disorder in the Amish Community Helped Confirm a Key Cellular Mechanism: Interaction between SF3B1 and SNIP1 proteins." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Vzacna_geneticka_porucha_z_amisske_komunity_pomohla_potvrdit_klicovy_mechanismus_v_bunce_44a7e2ef17.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1600"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Vzacna_geneticka_porucha_z_amisske_komunity_pomohla_potvrdit_klicovy_mechanismus_v_bunce_2_85826d711e.jpg" alt="CEITEC/Blažek Lab: A Rare Genetic Disorder in the Amish Community Helped Confirm a Key Cellular Mechanism: The effect of mutations in SNIP1 on cell proliferation." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Vzacna_geneticka_porucha_z_amisske_komunity_pomohla_potvrdit_klicovy_mechanismus_v_bunce_2_85826d711e.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067"></p><p>The researchers were thus able to clarify the cause of this rare neurodevelopmental disorder. <i>“Additionally, the cause of this disease also confirms the correctness of the checkpoint we described. It shows that even a small change in one of the proteins involved can disrupt the RNA splicing mechanism on which the cell depends,”</i> adds group leader <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.ceitec.eu/dalibor-blazek-ph-d/u25918"><strong>Dalibor Blažek</strong></a>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CEITEC_Vzacna_geneticka_porucha_z_amisske_komunity_pomohla_potvrdit_klicovy_mechanismus_v_bunce_3_f95cfd68eb.jpeg" alt="CEITEC/Martin Indruch: A Rare Genetic Disorder in the Amish Community Helped Confirm a Key Cellular Mechanism: Dalibor Blažek." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CEITEC_Vzacna_geneticka_porucha_z_amisske_komunity_pomohla_potvrdit_klicovy_mechanismus_v_bunce_3_f95cfd68eb.jpeg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067"></p><p>Although the study focuses on basic research, its implications are broader. It suggests that the same mechanism may also play a role in regulating cell division – a process that is often disrupted in cancer.</p><blockquote><p>The research was carried out by scientists from <strong>CEITEC Masaryk University </strong>in collaboration with researchers from Spain and Germany. The study was published in the journal <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-71119-2">Nature Communications</a>.</p></blockquote>

A Rare Genetic Disorder in the Amish Community Helped Confirm a Key Cellular Mechanism

<p><strong>This study investigates the pathogenesis of neurosyphilis through cerebrospinal fluid proteomics using LC–MS/MS and ELISA validation. Comparative analysis identified 234 differentially expressed proteins, with major alterations linked to lysosomal dysfunction, axon guidance, and neurodegeneration pathways.</strong></p><p>Key lysosomal proteins, including PSAP and DNASE2, together with the axonal protein EPHA4, were significantly downregulated in neurosyphilis patients. These proteins showed potential as biomarkers for neurodegeneration and may provide new insights into disease mechanisms, diagnostics, and therapeutic targets.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689"><strong>Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome Reveals Dysregulation of Lysosomal and Axonal Proteins in Neurosyphilis</strong></a></h4><p>Huayang Tang*, Junjie Hu, Yifan Wu, Jinping Gao, Wenjun Wang, Xiaodong Zheng, Ran Zhang, Bo Liang, Fusheng Zhou, Ze Guo*</p><p>J. Proteome Res. 2026, 25, 2, 713–722</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><div><p>Neurosyphilis (NS) is a group of clinical syndromes characterized by neuroinflammation caused by <i>Treponema pallidum</i> (<i>T. pallidum</i>), which occurs in all stages of syphilis. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1,2)</a> NS is classified based on clinical presentation as either asymptomatic (ANS) or symptomatic (SNS), and based on disease stage as either early (occurring 1–2 years after primary infection) or late. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> <i>T. pallidum</i> can cause local nonspecific and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, leading to possible degenerative changes. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3)</a> The immune response of CNS in neurosyphilis is comparable to that observed in other neuroinflammatory diseases. Consequently, the presence of neurological symptoms may not reliably indicate active CNS inflammation in syphilis patients. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3)</a> A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomic study identified three biomarkers (SEMA7A, SERPINA3, and ITIH4) that contribute to NS and have potential implications for diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(4)</a> Through integrated proteomics and single-cell transcriptomics analyses, Toll-like/NF-κB signaling was identified as the key pathway involved in CNS damage caused by <i>T. pallidum</i>. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5)</a> Despite an increasing understanding of the biomarkers and possible neuroinflammatory damage mechanisms of neurosyphilis, the mechanisms of neurodegeneration caused by <i>T. pallidum</i> infection remain elusive. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(6)</a></p><p>Patients with neurosyphilis exhibit stage-specific profiles of soluble factors in their CSF, which are linked to both immune status and the extent of neuronal damage. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7)</a> In this study, we analyzed differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the CSF proteomes from 28 individuals, including neurosyphilis (NS), suspected neurosyphilis (spNS) and non-neurosyphilis (nNS) individuals, by LC–MS/MS and analyzed a public data set of the neurosyphilis CSF proteome. Validation was then performed by ELISA in an independent group comprising 110 samples. The results revealed that neuroinflammation by <i>T. pallidum</i> infection results in dysregulation of the key proteins in lysosomal and axonal pathway, which suggesting a potential contribution to neurodegeneration in neurosyphilis.</p><h4><strong>Materials and Methods</strong></h4><h5><strong>LC–MS/MS</strong></h5><p>The tryptic peptides were dissolved in 0.1% formic acid (solvent A) and loaded onto a custom-made reversed-phase column (15 cm × 75 μm). Using an <strong>EASY-nLC 1000 UPLC system</strong>, a gradient was run at 400 nL/min as follows: 6% to 23% solvent B (0.1% formic acid in 98% acetonitrile) over 26 min, 23% to 35% in 8 min, up to 80% in 3 min, and held at 80% for 3 min. Peptides were ionized via an NSI source at 2.0 kV and analyzed online by a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/559"><strong>Q Exactive Plus mass spectrometer</strong></a><strong>.</strong> Full scans (<i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 350–1800) were acquired in the Orbitrap at 70,000 resolution. The top precursors were selected for MS/MS with an NCE of 28, and fragments were detected at 17,500 resolution. A data-dependent method cycled between one MS scan and 20 MS/MS scans with a 15.0 s dynamic exclusion. AGC was set at 5E4. MS/MS data were processed with MaxQuant (v.1.5.2.8) using Trypsin/P as the enzyme (up to 2 missed cleavages). Precursor mass tolerance was 20 ppm (first search) and 5 ppm (main search); fragment mass tolerance was 0.02 Da. Fixed modification: carbamidomethyl (C); variable modification: oxidation (M). The FDR threshold was &lt;1%, and the minimum peptide score was &gt;40.</p><h5><strong>ELISA</strong></h5><p>CSF levels of host proteins were quantified using commercial ELISA kits according to the manufacturers’ protocols. Proteins analyzed included PSAP (OKEH07124, Aviva, USA), CTSL (abx150963, Abbexa, UK), NPC2 (A-QEK07857, Biogradetech, USA), and DNASE2 (abx386953, Abbexa, UK). Briefly, 100 μL of CSF was added to precoated plates and incubated at 37 °C for 2 h. After washing, 100 μL of detection antibody was added to each well and incubated at 37 °C for another 2 h. Following a wash, 100 μL of streptavidin-HRP working solution was added and incubated at room temperature for 20 min in the dark. The reaction was stopped with 50 μL of stop solution, and the optical density was measured at 450 nm.</p><h4><strong>Results</strong></h4><h5><strong>Downregulation of Key Lysosomal Proteins in CSF from Patients With Neurosyphilis</strong></h5><p>By analyzing the DEPs in NS vs nNS, we observed a significant enrichment of downregulated proteins in the lysosome pathway (<i>P</i> = 0.007) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig2">Figure 2</a>A), with 9 lysosomal proteins showing significant downregulation (<i>P</i><sub>adj</sub> &lt; 0.05) in the NS group (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Table S4</a>). To validate this finding, we examined the public CSF proteomics data set of neurosyphilis (PXD033034) and identified 18 proteins in the lysosomal pathway that were significantly downregulated in patients with NS (<i>P</i><sub>adj</sub> &lt; 0.05) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Table S4</a>). PPI network analysis determined the top 10 hub genes within the lysosome pathway (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig2">Figure 2</a>B). A Venn diagram revealed 3 proteins (PSAP, CTSL, and NPC2) shared across our current data, the public data set (PXD033034) and the top 10 hub genes (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig2">Figure 2</a>C). The mass spectrometry results indicated that the levels of PSAP (<i>P</i><sub>adj</sub> = 0.043), CTSL (<i>P</i><sub>adj</sub> = 0.028) and NPC2 (<i>P</i><sub>adj</sub> = 0.013) were significantly lower in the NS group compared to the nNS group (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig2">Figure 2</a>D). The PXD033034 data set revealed consistent changes in the PSAP, CTSL, and NPC2 levels in the NS group (<i>P</i><sub>adj</sub> &lt; 0.05) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Figure S1 and Table S4</a>). In addition, associations between the lysosomal protein DNASE2 and NS were observed in both the present study (<i>P</i><sub>adj</sub> = 0.003) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig2">Figure 2</a>D) and the PXD033034 data set (<i>P</i><sub>adj</sub> &lt; 0.05) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Figure S1 and Table S4</a>), with subgroup analysis revealing a significantly lower expression level of DNASE2 in the SNS group compared to the ANS group (<i>P</i> = 0.035) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig2">Figure 2</a>D and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Table S3</a>). Further validation by ELISA (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Table S5</a>) in an independent group (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#tbl1">Table 1</a>) confirmed significantly downregulated CSF levels of PSAP (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001), CTSL (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001), NPC2 (<i>P</i> = 0.0024) and DNASE2 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) in patients with NS (n = 21) than in nNS individuals (n = 56) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig2">Figure 2</a>E) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Table S6</a>), as well as decreased in the SNS subgroup (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Figure S2 and Table S6</a>). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis supported PSAP (AUC = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83–0.99) and DNASE2 (AUC = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91–0.99) for distinguishing NS from nNS and as potential biomarkers for assessing neurodegeneration in NS (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig2">Figure 2</a>F). These results indicate that <i>T. pallidum</i> infection may lead to lysosomal dysfunction in CNS.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/J_Proteome_Res_2026_25_2_713_722_Figure_2_Downregulation_of_key_lysosomal_proteins_in_the_cerebrospinal_fluid_of_neurosyphilis_patients_bbccd95f44.jpg" alt="J. Proteome Res. 2026, 25, 2, 713–722: Figure 2. Downregulation of key lysosomal proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of neurosyphilis patients. (a) KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that downregulated proteins in patients with NS were significantly enriched in the lysosome pathway, as well as in axon guidance and neurodegeneration. (b) The top 10 hub genes involved in the lysosome pathway were identified using the STRING network data set and PPI analysis. (c) A Venn diagram revealed 3 proteins (PSAP, CTSL, and NPC2) shared across our current data, the public data set (PXD033034) and the top 10 hub genes. (d) The CSF levels of PSAP (Padj = 0.043), CTSL (Padj = 0.028), DNASE2 (Padj = 0.003) and NPC2 (Padj = 0.013) were significantly decreased in the NS group than in the nNS group. Subgroup analysis found a significantly lower expression level of DNASE2 in the SNS group than in the ANS group (P = 0.035). (e) PSAP, DNASE2, CTSL and NPC2 levels in CSF were tested by ELISA in the nNS (n = 56) and NS (n = 21) groups. Compared with those in the nNS group, significantly lower PSAP (P &lt; 0.0001), CTSL (P &lt; 0.0001), DNASE2 (P &lt; 0.0001) and NPC2 (P = 0.0024) levels were detected in the NS group. (f) ROC curve analysis for NS revealed that PSAP had an AUC = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.83–0.99), DNASE2 had an AUC = 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91–0.99), CTSL had an AUC = 0.85 (95% CI: 0.76–0.95), and NPC2 had an AUC = 0.72 (95% CI: 0.59–0.85). NS: neurosyphilis; nNS: non-neurosyphilis; ANS: asymptomatic neurosyphilis; SNS: symptomatic neurosyphilis. ROC: receiver operating characteristic; AUC: area under the curve. * P &lt; 0.05, ** P &lt; 0.01, ****P &lt; 0.0001." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_J_Proteome_Res_2026_25_2_713_722_Figure_2_Downregulation_of_key_lysosomal_proteins_in_the_cerebrospinal_fluid_of_neurosyphilis_patients_bbccd95f44.jpg 140w," sizes="100vw" width="2100" height="2339"></p><h5><strong>Downregulation of Key Axonal Proteins Correlated with Lysosomal Protein Reduction in Neurosyphilis CSF</strong></h5><p>Lysosomes play crucial roles in neuronal health by maintaining axonostasis. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(10)</a> The enrichment analysis indicated that the downregulated proteins in NS were implicated in the biological processes of axonostasis (such as axon development and axonogenesis) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig1">Figure 1</a>F) and the pathway of axon guidance (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig2">Figure 2</a>A). Our proteomic data revealed a total of 24 downregulated (<i>P</i><sub>adj</sub> &lt; 0.05) axonal proteins and 1 upregulated (<i>P</i><sub>adj</sub> &lt; 0.05) axonal protein in the CSF of patients with NS (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Table S9</a>). Furthermore, the PXD033034 data set revealed 55 downregulated (<i>P</i><sub>adj</sub> &lt; 0.05) and 4 upregulated (<i>P</i><sub>adj</sub> &lt; 0.05) axonal proteins in NS (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689/suppl_file/pr5c00689_si_001.zip">Table S9</a>). The top 10 hub genes involved in the biological processes of axon development and axonogenesis were identified by PPI network analysis (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig4">Figure 4</a>A). Considering the overlap of our current data, the PXD033034 data set and the top 10 hub genes (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig4">Figure 4</a>B), one key protein, EPHA4, was identified across 3 data sets, with significant downregulation in our current data (<i>P<sub>adj</sub></i> = 0.011) and in the PXD033034 data set (<i>P<sub>adj</sub></i> = 0.028) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig4">Figure 4</a>C). Correlation analysis further revealed a positive correlation between the levels of PSAP and EPHA4 (<i>r</i> = i 0.83, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00689#fig4">Figure 4</a>D). Reduced levels of PSAP and EPHA4 in CSF have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). <a href="javascript:void(0);">(11,12)</a> Our findings suggest that coordinated dysregulation of lysosomal and axonal proteins may contribute to neurodegeneration in NS.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/J_Proteome_Res_2026_25_2_713_722_Figure_4_Key_axonal_protein_downregulated_in_CSF_from_patients_with_neurosyphilis_66f5533e94.jpg" alt="J. Proteome Res. 2026, 25, 2, 713–722: Figure 4. Key axonal protein downregulated in CSF from patients with neurosyphilis. (a) The top 10 hub genes involved in axonostasis were identified by the STRING network data set and PPI analysis. (b) A Venn diagram revealed 1 protein (EPHA4) shared across DEPs related to axonostasis in our current data and in the public data set (PXD033034) and the top 10 hub genes. (c) EPHA4 was significantly downregulated both in our present study (Padj = 0.011) and in the PXD033034 data set (Padj = 0.028). (d) Correlation analysis demonstrated that the EPHA4 level was significantly positively correlated (P &lt; 0.05) with the levels of PSAP (r = 0.83), CTSL (r = 0.6), NPC2 (r = 0.69), DNASE2 (r = 0.61) and SEMA7A (r = 0.83). NS: neurosyphilis; nNS: non-neurosyphilis. * P &lt; 0.05." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_J_Proteome_Res_2026_25_2_713_722_Figure_4_Key_axonal_protein_downregulated_in_CSF_from_patients_with_neurosyphilis_66f5533e94.jpg 178w," sizes="100vw" width="1250" height="1096"></p><h4><strong>Conclusions</strong></h4><p>The present study reveals the associations of dysregulated proteins in lysosomal and axonal pathways with neurosyphilis, and potential evidence of shared pathophysiological mechanisms between neuroinflammation caused by <i>T. pallidum</i> infection and neurodegenerative diseases.</p><p>However, this study has certain limitations. First, the use of ELISA to validate a limited number of proteins has certain limitations, such as the inherent cross-reactivity of ELISA. In the future, we can optimize the validation experiments by adding techniques such as Western blotting for verification. Second, this study uses a cross-sectional sampling method for research, which limits our ability to infer disease progression and treatment responses. In the future, we will conduct follow-up on the subjects, continue collecting cerebrospinal fluid samples after treatment, and observe whether the protein dysregulation is reversible after treatment. For spNS patients, follow-up should also be conducted to determine if they have transformed into NS, which will be very valuable for validating the predictive utility of our biomarkers. Finally, although multiple discovery and validation cohort studies have been conducted, we currently lack direct mechanistic evidence. Future work will investigate whether exposing neural cell coculture models to outer-membrane antigens of <i>T. pallidum</i> reproduces the lysosome and axon alterations observed in CSF, clarifying their role in neural damage of neurosyphilis and potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of neurodegeneration in neurosyphilis.</p></div>

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome Reveals Dysregulation of Lysosomal and Axonal Proteins in Neurosyphilis

<p><strong>In the week of May 11, the following webinars await you in the field of liquid phase and especially HPLC and LC/MS.</strong></p><blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinars"><strong>👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</strong></a></h4><p><strong>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database</strong> with over <strong>5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars</strong>.</p></blockquote><h5><strong>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Uncovering Microplastics: Identification, Quantification, and Exposure Assessment</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 08:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6136">Registration</a></li></ul><p>In this webinar, we will explore complementary analytical solutions for comprehensive microplastics characterization.</p><h5><strong>2. Waters Corporation: Size variant analysis of antibodies and ADCs using SEC, SEC-MALS, SEC-MS, and 2D Protein A-SEC Methods</strong></h5><ul><li>Tu, 12.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6169">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is essential for analyzing aggregates, monomers, and fragments in biotherapeutic proteins.</p><h5><strong>3. Waters Corporation: Beyond C18 and Phenyl: Expanding Selectivity with Biphenyl Columns Built for UV and pH Robustness</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 16:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6183">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how modern biphenyl stationary phases improve challenging LC separations with lower UV bleed, broad pH stability, and enhanced recovery of metal-sensitive analytes.</p><h5><strong>4. Milestone: Modern Sample Prep for Organic Contaminants: PAHs, PFAS, MOSH/MOAH in Food</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5822">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Learn how microwave-assisted extraction streamlines food analysis of PAHs, PFAS, and MOSH/MOAH, improving recoveries, reducing solvents, and meeting regulatory demands.</p><h5><strong>5. SelectScience: Achieve faster GLP-1 amino acid analysis with rapid UPLC technology</strong></h5><ul><li>We, 13.5.2026 17:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6173">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Accelerate GLP-1 amino acid analysis. Learn how UPLC, microwave hydrolysis and Waters AccQ-Tag solutions speed up drug development and ensure compliance.</p><h5><strong>6. Waters Corporation: Transform Your Daily Lab Operations with Automation - Biomolecules Workflows</strong></h5><ul><li>Th, 14.5.2026 11:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6174">Registration</a></li></ul><p>Discover how Andrew+ and OneLab automate complex biomolecule workflows. Learn how labs improve consistency, traceability, and efficiency in oligonucleotide and peptide analysis.</p>

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Since its establishment in 2011, CEITEC has quickly developed into a cutting-edge infrastructure for research which performs highly alongside the best institutes in Europe. Among the main priorities of CEITEC are the promotion of a motivating and dynamic international scientific environment, the provision of state-of-the-art research infrastructure, and the policy of open communication and equal opportunities.

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KNAUER AZURA HPLC 862 bar system

With the 862 bar system, you choose the most widespread system solution of the KNAUER AZURA family. We recommend this system for all classical applications and column types, as well as for faster and optimized methods with shorter columns and run times.

<p><strong>With the 862 bar system, you choose the most widespread system solution of the KNAUER AZURA family. We recommend this system for all classical applications and column types, as well as for faster and optimized methods with shorter columns and run times.</strong></p><h3><strong>Key features</strong></h3><div><div><ul><li>The complete solution for your daily HPLC routine. Easily upgradable to an ultra low dispersion chromatography&nbsp;(ULDC) system</li><li>Covers most analytical applications due&nbsp;to optimal continuous working conditions in the range of&nbsp;0.1–4.0&nbsp;ml/min at up to 862 bar&nbsp;</li><li>Use classical HPLC columns just as well as fast analysis columns packed with 3 µm particles or even core shell materials</li><li>Typical applications include food, pharmaceutical and environmental analyses</li></ul></div></div><div><div><p><strong>Choose this system for reliable and robust analyses!</strong></p><p>If you are looking for higher speed, high sample throughput or highest peak resolution, take a look at the<strong> KNAUER AZURA UHPLC systems</strong>.</p><h3><strong>Specifications</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Back pressure range:&nbsp;</strong>862 bar max. at up to 2 ml/min, 400 bar at up to 10 ml/min</li><li><strong>Flow rate range: </strong>0.001–10 ml/min</li><li><strong>Recommended continuous flow rate: </strong>Up to 5 ml/min</li><li><strong>Available pump systems: </strong>Isocratic/Binary HPG/Quaternary LPG</li><li><strong>Biocompatibility: </strong>Optionally available for backpressure range up to 400 bar</li><li><strong>Injection options: </strong>Autosampler, Liquid handler, manual, automatted via electrical injection valve</li><li><strong>Injection volume range: </strong>0.1 µl–5000 µl depending on sample loop</li><li><strong>Sample capacity: </strong>108 standard HPLC vials (1.5 ml) or up to 768 positions when equipped with microtiter plates, with liquid handler up to 390 HPLC vials</li><li><strong>Column thermostatting range:</strong> 5–85 °C</li><li><strong>Eluent preheating: </strong>Optional cartridge for eluent pre-heating</li><li><strong>Column switching options: </strong>Optional switching between up to 8 columns</li><li><strong>Choice of detectors:</strong> DAD 190–700 nm, DAD 190–1000 nm, RID, UVD, MWD, FLD, ELSD, MS</li><li><strong>Choice of software packages:</strong> ClarityChrom® CDS, OpenLAB® CDS EZChrom Edition, Mobile Control, Chromeleon™ 7.2</li><li><strong>Environmental impact:</strong> Green production, efficient operation, durability and reparability ensure a low environmental impact. The top-selling of our KNAUER 862 bar sytems have now been certified with the ACT environmental impact ecolabel issued by My Green Lab and achieved top scores.</li></ul><h3><strong>System components</strong></h3><p>By choosing the best fitting alternatives to your special application task, the AZURA system adapts to your needs. Get more information and data sheets about every single component by clicking the "View all" button.</p><h4><strong>Eluent delivery</strong></h4><h5><strong>Binary high-pressure gradient (HPG) pump system</strong></h5><p>The AZURA® P 6.1L binary pump contains two identical high pressure pumps, a 2×2-channel inlet solvent selection valve and the low-volume AZURA® mixer. The integrated degasser and AZURA® inline filter are completing this analytical AZURA® P 6.1L HPLC pump and turn it into a work horse in the lab. Active pulsation compensation significantly improves detection limits of trace components by reducing fluctuation of the baseline.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Kanuer_KNAUER_AZURA_HPLC_862_bar_system_Binary_high_pressure_gradient_HPG_pump_97332eb114.jpg" alt="Kanuer: KNAUER AZURA HPLC 862 bar system - Binary high-pressure gradient (HPG) pump" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Kanuer_KNAUER_AZURA_HPLC_862_bar_system_Binary_high_pressure_gradient_HPG_pump_97332eb114.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="669"></p><h5><strong>Quaternary low-pressure gradient (LPG) pump system</strong></h5><p>The AZURA® P 6.1L quaternary pump contains one high pressure pump and an integrated LPG mixing block with a 4-channel inlet solvent selection valve and a low-dwell volume AZURA® mixer. The integrated degasser and AZURA® inline filter are completing this analytical AZURA® P 6.1L HPLC pump and turn it into a work horse in the lab. The AZURA® mixer combines high mixing performance with a low dead volume. The user-changeable mixer is available in different volumes (50/100/200/400/600 μl) allowing best possible adaption to any application.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_HPLC_862_bar_system_Quaternary_low_pressure_gradient_LPG_pump_system_e7a5dd7a5b.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA HPLC 862 bar system - Quaternary low-pressure gradient (LPG) pump system" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_HPLC_862_bar_system_Quaternary_low_pressure_gradient_LPG_pump_system_e7a5dd7a5b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="594"></p><h5><strong>Isocratic pump system</strong></h5><p>The AZURA® P 6.1L isocratic pump is the easiest solution and can be applied, whenever an isocratic run is needed. It completes systems with refractive index detector. The isocratic pump comes in a very cost effective version or in a more sophisticated version with degasser and solvent selection valves for switching between different eluents. Chose between specialised pump heads for reversed phase and normal phase applications.</p><h4><strong>Sample Injection</strong></h4><h5><strong>Autosampler</strong></h5><p>The&nbsp;autosampler <strong>AZURA AS 6.1L</strong> can inject from up to 768 positions when equipped with microtiter plates or from up to 108 standard 2 ml sample vials. It&nbsp;is equipped with an ILD<sup>TM</sup> valve, consisting of a rotor-stator combination with a central port for depressurizing the sample loop before receiving the sample. This way, the sample is not diluted with solvent. A cooling/heating option (4–40 °C) is optionally available.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_autosampler_AZURA_AS_6_1_L_1240_bar_ff1ac03e70.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System - autosampler AZURA AS 6.1L 1240&nbsp;bar" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_autosampler_AZURA_AS_6_1_L_1240_bar_ff1ac03e70.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="780"></p><h5><strong>Liquid handler</strong></h5><p>The <strong>Liquid handler LH 8.1 </strong>offers automatic sample preparation to speed up your workflow. No sample loss and high precision injection of small and large sample volumes are provided. High-throughput with up to 4 robotic coolers with&nbsp;max. of 24 racks for up to 390 HPLC vials or well plates. Washing station with two different wash solvents minimizes carry-over. Flexibility of modules and functions according to your needs.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_AZURA_Liquid_Handler1_cb4a4e1a48.jpeg" alt="Knauer: AZURA - Liquid Handler" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_AZURA_Liquid_Handler1_cb4a4e1a48.jpeg 180w," sizes="100vw" width="1274" height="1105"></p><h5><strong>Manual injection valve</strong></h5><p>KNAUER Manual injection valves V 4.1 are the easiest and most cost- effective way to inject your sample. Equippable with different sample loops, the manual injection valve can be used for a wide range of injection volumes.</p><h5><strong>Electrically driven injection valve</strong></h5><p>Whenever you need higher reproducibility and want to get user-independent results, a manual injection valve can be upgraded to an electrically switching injection valve using the <strong>KNAUER smart valve drive VU 4.1</strong>. The sample can still be applied manually, but the injection into the HPLC system is automatted.</p><h4><strong>Column selection and thermostat</strong></h4><h5><strong>Column thermostat</strong></h5><p>The <strong>forced air column thermostat</strong><i> </i><strong>AZURA CT 2.1</strong> is capable of heating or cooling from 5 to 85 °C. The powerful fan and robust peltier element keep the column at a very stable temperature, thus allowing reproducible analysis results.&nbsp;Optional eluent preheating cartridges can be installed.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Column_selection_and_thermostat_567c35ab61.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Column selection and thermostat" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Column_selection_and_thermostat_567c35ab61.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1700" height="881"></p><h5><strong>Column switching valves</strong></h5><p><strong>KNAUER valves V&nbsp;4.1</strong>&nbsp;and the <strong>KNAUER valve drive VU 4.1&nbsp;</strong>are designed for a wide range of chromatographic applications. Flexibility is provided by choice of different materials and sizes as well as drivers for various software packages.</p><h4><strong>Detection</strong></h4><h5><strong>Diode array detectors (DAD or PDA)</strong></h5><p>The AZURA Diode array detectors (DAD)&nbsp;are high-end diode array detectors with a wavelength range from 190–1000 nm for the <strong>AZURA DAD 6.1L</strong> and 190–700 nm for the <strong>AZURA DAD 2.1L</strong>. The intelligent temperature management of both devices enables fast operational readiness after startup. It also minimizes baseline drift. Due to the frontally accessible deuterium and halogen lamp, the device is easy to service.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_DAD_6_1_L_Diode_array_detectors_DAD_or_PDA_919e55c936.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System - AZURA DAD 6.1L Diode array detectors (DAD or PDA)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_DAD_6_1_L_Diode_array_detectors_DAD_or_PDA_919e55c936.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="387"></p><h5><strong>Mass Detector for MS/MS</strong></h5><p>The <strong>SCIEX Triple Quad™ 4500 MS/MS</strong> system offers superior quantitative performance with high sensitivity combined with excellent robustness and long-term stability. Designed for food, environmental, forensic and clinical research, this MS/MS system enables test development for even the most demanding applications.</p><ul><li>Workhorse triple quad mass spectrometer for dependable everyday use&nbsp;</li><li>High sensitivity for food and environmental contaminant screening and target quantitation</li><li>High scan speed for reliable quantitation of sharp UHPLC peaks</li><li>Simple and fast data processing powered by SCIEX OS software</li></ul><h5><strong>Variable or multiple wavelength detectors (MWD or VWD)</strong></h5><p>The <strong>AZURA MWD 2.1L</strong> is an 8 channel, sensitive multiwavelength detector combining high performance with easy handling at an affordable price. The newly developed optical unit and intelligent temperature management ensure for maximum sensitivity combined with minimal baseline drift.&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>UV/VIS detectors with single variable wavelength</strong></h5><p>The UV/VIS Detector <strong>AZURA UVD 2.1L</strong> is a competitively priced HPLC spectrophotometer for routine HPLC applications including fast LC methods.&nbsp;It comes with an installed deuterium lamp which covers a wavelength range from 190 to 750 nm.&nbsp;Due to a smart design the flow cell is easily accessible and can be changed very quickly.&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>Refractive index detection (RI)</strong></h5><p>The <strong>AZURA RID 2.1L</strong> is a sensitive and competitively priced differential refractometer. It is suitable for detecting compounds with little or no UV activity such as alcohols, sugars, lipids or polymers.&nbsp;The intelligently designed optical unit with advanced temperature control ensures high sensitivity, fast baseline stabilization, and excellent reproducibility. The wide linear dynamic range, its low internal volume of 43 µl from the inlet to the flow cell and 10 ml/min maximum flow rate make the AZURA RID 2.1L the perfect choice for most laboratory tasks.&nbsp;</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_RID_2_1_L_Refractive_index_detection_RI_8cd15bf26d.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System - AZURA RID 2.1L Refractive index detection (RI)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_RID_2_1_L_Refractive_index_detection_RI_8cd15bf26d.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="387"></p><h5><strong>Fluorescence detection (FLD)</strong></h5><p>The fluorescence detectors <strong>RF-20A </strong>and <strong>RF-20Axs</strong> provide&nbsp;world-class sensitivity, excellent maintainability and diverse validation / support functions. They&nbsp;support&nbsp;a wide range of applications in the wavelength range of 200 to 750 nm for the RF-20Axs and 200 to 650 nm for the RF-20A from conventional analysis to high-performance analysis.</p><h5><strong>Evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD)&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>As an universal detector, an <strong>ELSD </strong>offers numerous possibilities for detecting substances that have few or no chromophores. Since the eluents are evaporated, the use of non-UV-compatible solvents poses no problems and the ELSD is gradient compatible. KNAUER offers different models for different application tasks.</p><h4><strong>Software solutions</strong></h4><h5><strong>Mobile Control</strong></h5><p>The Mobile Control is an intuitive and cost-effective software solution for controlling and monitoring your AZURA devices and systems. The clear system overview provides instant information on key parameters and system status. Adjust and operate single devices or even whole systems with a few fingertips.&nbsp;The well-structured block programming assists you to clearly and quickly automate device control. A smart user management makes the Mobile Control safe. Device parameters can only be changed by authorized operators.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Mobile_Control_software_2052b3ed77.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Mobile Control software" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Mobile_Control_software_2052b3ed77.jpg 241w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="830"></p><h5><strong>ClarityChrom® CDS</strong></h5><p>ClarityChrom is an easy-to-use chromatography data system for workstations. The optional control extensions for GC, PDA and GPC allow to use the software for a wide range of applications.</p><h5><strong>OpenLAB® CDS EZChrom Edition</strong></h5><p>Basic Workstation license, includes System Suitability, Fraction Collector Control and Software Maintenance Agreement</p><h5><strong>Chromeleon™ 7.2</strong></h5><p>Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Chromeleon™ is one of the most wide-spread chromatography data systems. Its intuitive handling benefits laboratory workflow and the highly developed algorithms simplify data processing. It offers a broad range of third-party drivers and can be easily used with existing HPLC systems. KNAUER offers drivers for a lot of its devices.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Application-based systems</strong></h4><h5><strong>HPLC System for Food Analysis</strong></h5><p>Analytical HPLC system with an extended maximum pressure of up to 862 bar diod array detection (DAD)</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Kanuer_AZURA_HPLC_System_for_Food_Analysis_2ac3e3351d.webp" alt="Kanuer: AZURA - HPLC System for Food Analysis" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Kanuer_AZURA_HPLC_System_for_Food_Analysis_2ac3e3351d.webp 186w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="1075"></p><h5><strong>Cannabis Profiler</strong></h5><p>HPLC System for cannabis potency testing (THC and CBD) according to the German Pharmacopoeia (DAB). System for quick and easy determination of six cannabinoids.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_AZURA_C_Annabis_Profiler_e76b10f720.webp" alt="Knauer: AZURA - Cannabis Profiler" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_AZURA_C_Annabis_Profiler_e76b10f720.webp 186w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="1075"></p><h5><strong>System for the analysis of aflatoxins</strong></h5><p>System for determination designed for aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 in food and feed, such as penuts, corn and cottonseed.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_AZURA_System_for_the_analysis_of_aflatoxins_fe91f2ad54.webp" alt="Knauer: AZURA - System for the analysis of aflatoxins" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_AZURA_System_for_the_analysis_of_aflatoxins_fe91f2ad54.webp 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="1280"></p><p>&nbsp;</p></div></div>

KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System

High-end solution for most challenging tasks. Ideally suited for quality control tasks with high sample throughput.

<p><strong>High-end solution for most challenging tasks.&nbsp;Ideally suited for quality control tasks with high sample throughput. This solution is recommended whenever lowest detection limits, highest analysis speed and resolution or most accurate flow delivery is needed.</strong></p><div><div><ul><li>Developed with innovative technology and decades of continuous improvements <strong>the AZURA®&nbsp;UHPLC 1240 bar systems enter&nbsp;a new level of performance and durability</strong></li><li><strong>Covers ultra high pressure applications</strong> due&nbsp;to&nbsp;working conditions in the range of&nbsp;<strong>0.1–5.0&nbsp;ml/min at up to 1240&nbsp;bar&nbsp;</strong></li><li>This system is made for&nbsp;high resolution <strong>UHPLC columns packed with smallest particles &lt; 2 µm</strong> or <strong>core shell materials</strong>, while any other HPLC or UHPLC column can also be used&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Perfect partner for MS/MS coupling</strong> due to very precise and accurate delivery also in the low flow rate range</li><li>Typical applications include food, pharmaceutical and environmental analyses with high throughput</li></ul></div></div><div><div><p>Choose this system whenever highest performance and speed is needed!</p><p><strong>If your applications do not require such a high back pressure and resolution, then you should take a look at the KNAUER AZURA HPLC systems. These can be operated at up to 862 bar.</strong></p></div></div><h3><strong>Specifications</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Back pressure range:</strong> 1240 bar max.</li><li><strong>Flow rate range:</strong> 0.001–5 ml/min</li><li><strong>Available pump systems:</strong> Binary HPG</li><li><strong>Special pump features:</strong> Active pulsation compensation, RFID for automatic pump head detection, Integrated pressure sensor, Leak management, Piston seal wash, Purge valve (automatic)</li><li><strong>Injection options:</strong> Autosampler, Liquid handler</li><li><strong>Injection volume range:</strong> 0.1 µl–5000 µl depending on sample loop</li><li><strong>Sample capacity:</strong> 108 standard HPLC vials (1.5 ml) or up to 768 positions when equipped with microtiter plates, with liquid handler up to 390 HPLC vials</li><li><strong>Column thermostatting range: </strong>5–85 °C</li><li><strong>Eluent preheating:</strong> Optional cartridge for eluent pre-heating</li><li><strong>Column switching options:</strong> Optional switching between up to 8 columns</li><li><strong>Choice of detectors:</strong> DAD 190–700 nm, DAD 190–1000 nm, RID, UVD, MWD, FLD, ELSD, MS</li><li><strong>Choice of software packages:</strong> ClarityChrom® CDS, OpenLAB® CDS EZChrom Edition, Mobile Control, Chromeleon™ 7.2</li></ul><h3><strong>System components</strong></h3><div><div><p>An AZURA UHPLC system adapts to your application requirements. The highly modular system design allows you to choose the best suited components for your specific task.</p></div></div><h4><strong>Eluent delivery</strong></h4><h5><strong>Binary high-pressure gradient (HPG) pump system</strong></h5><p>The new <strong>AZURA®&nbsp;P 8.1L UHPLC pump</strong> is specially designed for ultra-fast and high-resolution applications.&nbsp;It features a 2-channel internal degassing unit, a 2x2 channel solvent selection valve, and a low dwell-volume eluent mixer.</p><p>The adaptive pulsation compensation of the pump is independent of flow rate, backpressure, and eluent type through real-time eluent compressibility monitoring and variable piston stroke. Together with the ultra-precise piston movement thanks to KNAUER’s proprietary advanced piston drive technology, this results in outstanding flow reproducibility at any working conditions.&nbsp;</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_Binary_high_pressure_gradient_HPG_pump_system_b94a8018c7.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System - Binary high-pressure gradient (HPG) pump system" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_Binary_high_pressure_gradient_HPG_pump_system_b94a8018c7.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="550"></p><h4><strong>Sample Injection</strong></h4><h5><strong>Autosampler 1240 bar</strong></h5><p>The&nbsp;<strong>autosampler AZURA AS 6.1L 1240&nbsp;bar</strong> can inject from up to 768 positions when equipped with microtiter plates or from up to 108 standard 2 ml sample vials. It&nbsp;is equipped with an ILD<sup>TM</sup> valve, consisting of a rotor-stator combination with a central port for depressurizing the sample loop before receiving the sample. This way, the sample is not diluted with solvent. A Cooling/heating option (4–40 °C) is optionally available.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_autosampler_AZURA_AS_6_1_L_1240_bar_ff1ac03e70.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System - autosampler AZURA AS 6.1L 1240&nbsp;bar" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_autosampler_AZURA_AS_6_1_L_1240_bar_ff1ac03e70.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="780"></p><h5><strong>Liquid handler&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>The <strong>Liquid handler LH 8.1 </strong>offers automatic sample preparation to speed up your workflow. No sample loss and high precision injection of small and large sample volumes are provided. High-throughput with up to 4 robotic coolers with&nbsp;max. of 24 racks for up to 390 HPLC vials or well plates. Washing station with two different wash solvents minimizes carry-over. Flexibility of modules and functions according to your needs.</p><h4><strong>Column selection and thermostat</strong></h4><h5><strong>Column thermostat</strong></h5><p>The <strong>forced air column thermostat</strong><i> </i><strong>AZURA CT 2.1</strong> is capable of heating or cooling from 5 to 85 °C. The powerful fan and robust peltier element keep the column at a very stable temperature, thus allowing reproducible analysis results.&nbsp;Optional eluent preheating cartridges can be installed.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Column_selection_and_thermostat_567c35ab61.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Column selection and thermostat" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Column_selection_and_thermostat_567c35ab61.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1700" height="881"></p><h5><strong>Column switching valves</strong></h5><p><strong>KNAUER valves V&nbsp;4.1</strong>&nbsp;and the <strong>KNAUER valve drive VU 4.1&nbsp;</strong>are designed for a wide range of chromatographic applications. Flexibility is provided by choice of different materials and sizes as well as drivers for various software packages.</p><h4><strong>Detection</strong></h4><h5><strong>Diode array detectors (DAD or PDA)</strong></h5><p>The AZURA Diode array detectors (DAD)&nbsp;are high-end diode array detectors with a wavelength range from 190–1000 nm for the <strong>AZURA DAD 6.1L</strong> and 190–700 nm for the <strong>AZURA DAD 2.1L</strong>. The intelligent temperature management of both devices enables fast operational readiness after startup. It also minimizes baseline drift. Due to the frontally accessible deuterium and halogen lamp, the device is easy to service.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_DAD_6_1_L_Diode_array_detectors_DAD_or_PDA_919e55c936.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System - AZURA DAD 6.1L Diode array detectors (DAD or PDA)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_DAD_6_1_L_Diode_array_detectors_DAD_or_PDA_919e55c936.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="387"></p><h5><strong>Mass Detector for MS/MS</strong></h5><p>The <strong>SCIEX Triple Quad™ 4500 MS/MS</strong> system offers superior quantitative performance with high sensitivity combined with excellent robustness and long-term stability. Designed for food, environmental, forensic and clinical research, this MS/MS system enables test development for even the most demanding applications.</p><ul><li>Workhorse triple quad mass spectrometer for dependable everyday use&nbsp;</li><li>High sensitivity for food and environmental contaminant screening and target quantitation</li><li>High scan speed for reliable quantitation of sharp UHPLC peaks</li><li>Simple and fast data processing powered by SCIEX OS software</li></ul><h5><strong>Variable or multiple wavelength detectors (MWD or VWD)</strong></h5><p>The <strong>AZURA MWD 2.1L</strong> is an 8 channel, sensitive multiwavelength detector combining high performance with easy handling at an affordable price. The newly developed optical unit and intelligent temperature management ensure for maximum sensitivity combined with minimal baseline drift.&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>UV/VIS detectors with single variable wavelength</strong></h5><p>The UV/VIS Detector <strong>AZURA UVD 2.1L</strong> is a competitively priced HPLC spectrophotometer for routine HPLC applications including fast LC methods.&nbsp;It comes with an installed deuterium lamp which covers a wavelength range from 190 to 750 nm.&nbsp;Due to a smart design the flow cell is easily accessible and can be changed very quickly.&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>Refractive index detection (RI)</strong></h5><p>The <strong>AZURA RID 2.1L</strong> is a sensitive and competitively priced differential refractometer. It is suitable for detecting compounds with little or no UV activity such as alcohols, sugars, lipids or polymers.&nbsp;The intelligently designed optical unit with advanced temperature control ensures high sensitivity, fast baseline stabilization, and excellent reproducibility. The wide linear dynamic range, its low internal volume of 43 µl from the inlet to the flow cell and 10 ml/min maximum flow rate make the AZURA RID 2.1L the perfect choice for most laboratory tasks.&nbsp;</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_RID_2_1_L_Refractive_index_detection_RI_8cd15bf26d.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System - AZURA RID 2.1L Refractive index detection (RI)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_RID_2_1_L_Refractive_index_detection_RI_8cd15bf26d.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="387"></p><h5><strong>Fluorescence detection (FLD)</strong></h5><p>The fluorescence detectors <strong>RF-20A </strong>and <strong>RF-20Axs</strong> provide&nbsp;world-class sensitivity, excellent maintainability and diverse validation / support functions. They&nbsp;support&nbsp;a wide range of applications in the wavelength range of 200 to 750 nm for the RF-20Axs and 200 to 650 nm for the RF-20A from conventional analysis to high-performance analysis.</p><h5><strong>Evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD)&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>As an universal detector, an <strong>ELSD </strong>offers numerous possibilities for detecting substances that have few or no chromophores. Since the eluents are evaporated, the use of non-UV-compatible solvents poses no problems and the ELSD is gradient compatible. KNAUER offers different models for different application tasks.</p><h4><strong>Software solutions</strong></h4><h5><strong>Mobile Control</strong></h5><p>The Mobile Control is an intuitive and cost-effective software solution for controlling and monitoring your AZURA devices and systems. The clear system overview provides instant information on key parameters and system status. Adjust and operate single devices or even whole systems with a few fingertips.&nbsp;The well-structured block programming assists you to clearly and quickly automate device control. A smart user management makes the Mobile Control safe. Device parameters can only be changed by authorized operators.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Mobile_Control_software_2052b3ed77.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA Educational HPLC System - Mobile Control software" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_Educational_HPLC_System_Mobile_Control_software_2052b3ed77.jpg 241w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="830"></p><h5><strong>ClarityChrom® CDS</strong></h5><p>ClarityChrom is an easy-to-use chromatography data system for workstations. The optional control extensions for GC, PDA and GPC allow to use the software for a wide range of applications.</p><h5><strong>OpenLAB® CDS EZChrom Edition</strong></h5><p>Basic Workstation license, includes System Suitability, Fraction Collector Control and Software Maintenance Agreement</p><h5><strong>Chromeleon™ 7.2</strong></h5><p>Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Chromeleon™ is one of the most wide-spread chromatography data systems. Its intuitive handling benefits laboratory workflow and the highly developed algorithms simplify data processing. It offers a broad range of third-party drivers and can be easily used with existing HPLC systems. KNAUER offers drivers for a lot of its devices.&nbsp;</p>

KNAUER ULDC system AZURA 862 (BP and DAD)

ULDC system AZURA 862 with binary HPG pump and 3D diode array detector. ULDC (ultra low dispersion chromatography) system proposal.

<p><strong>The new ULDC (ultra low dispersion chromatography)&nbsp;system&nbsp;meets the enormous requirements that are essential to minimize extra column volume and thus peak dispersion.</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Ultra low dispersion volume</strong> due to optimized injection, flow and detection components</li><li>Conventional method (also gradient) can directly be transfered to ULDC system without any adaptations</li><li><strong>Sharper early-eluting peaks</strong> generate better sensitivities and resolution</li></ul><h4><strong>Eluent delivery</strong></h4><p>The Pump&nbsp;P6.1L with a HPG configuration features a solvent <strong>selection valve to set up to 4 solvents</strong> to the system of which two can be blended simultaneously. The internal degassing unit will prevent air bubbles in the system. Every P 6.1L comes with an attached mixing chamber, which can be changed to a larger volume depending on the applications needs.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_High_pressure_gradient_HPLC_pump_AZURA_P_6_1_L_High_Pressure_Pump_with_10_ml_pump_head_stainless_steel_b7d7d07d6c.jpg" alt="Knauer: High pressure gradient HPLC pump - AZURA P 6.1L High Pressure Pump with 10 ml pump head, stainless steel" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_High_pressure_gradient_HPLC_pump_AZURA_P_6_1_L_High_Pressure_Pump_with_10_ml_pump_head_stainless_steel_b7d7d07d6c.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="627"></p><h4><strong>Sample Injection</strong></h4><p>The Autosampler 6.1L can inject <strong>0.1 – 5000 µl</strong> to have a large flexibility. Using standard vials or two microtiter plates will give you a maximum sample capacity of <strong>up to 768 samples or 108 vials</strong>.</p><h4><strong>Column thermostating</strong></h4><p>The Column thermostat&nbsp;CT 2.1&nbsp;is suitable for column <strong>thermostatization above and below room temperature</strong>. The instrument operates with a microprocessor controlled Peltier element for exact temperature settings.</p><h4><strong>Chromatography data system</strong></h4><p><strong>KNAUER ClarityChrom®</strong> is a powerful, yet easy-to-use chromatography software for instrument control, data acquisition and data processing. It is an economical solution compared to other more complex chromatography software while still offering <strong>FDA 21 CFR Part 11 compliance</strong>.</p><h4><strong>Detection&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The detector<strong>&nbsp;DAD 2.1L features</strong> a novel light path and flow cell architecture with improved handling and excellent performance. This Diode array detector can be used in the wavelength range of 190-700 nm.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_DAD_6_1_L_Diode_array_detectors_DAD_or_PDA_919e55c936.jpg" alt="Knauer: KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System - AZURA DAD 6.1L Diode array detectors (DAD or PDA)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_AZURA_DAD_6_1_L_Diode_array_detectors_DAD_or_PDA_919e55c936.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="387"></p><h4><strong>This AZURA ULDC system can be customized with several detectors:</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>The diode array detector DAD 6.1L</strong> covers all conceivable applications with a spectral range of 190-1000 nm. With its novel light path and optimized flow cells, it is one of the most powerful devices on the market.</li><li><strong>The detector&nbsp;MWD 2.1L</strong> is an 8 channel, sensitive multiwavelength detector combining high performance with easy handling at an affordable price. This multiwavelength detector can be used in the wavelength range of 190-700 nm.</li><li><strong>The&nbsp;variable single wavelength UV/VIS detector&nbsp;UVD 2.1L</strong> comes with an installed deuterium lamp which covers a wavelength range from 190 to 750 nm. It is a competitively priced detector for routine HPLC applications including fast LC <span style="font-size:12px;">methods</span>.</li></ul><p>Customized configurations like combinations of several detectors are also available. Every AZURA 862 HPLC system can easily be upgraded to ULDC and it is not necessary to purchase a UHPLC system with higher back pressure capabilities.</p><h3><strong>Key Features</strong></h3><div><div><div><ul><li>Ultra sharp peaks</li><li>Maximum separation power</li><li>Ultra low extra column volume</li><li>Better performance than HPLC</li></ul><h3><strong>Technical Data</strong></h3><h4><strong>Analytical system</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Application area:</strong> UHPLC, HPLC</li><li><strong>Pump system:</strong> Gradient</li><li><strong>Gradient:</strong> Binary HPG</li><li><strong>Injection: </strong>Autosampler</li><li><strong>Detector: </strong>Diode array detection DAD</li><li><strong>Software: </strong>ClarityChrom, Mobile Control</li><li><strong>Pressure: </strong>862 bar</li><li><strong>Column thermostat: </strong>Yes</li></ul><h3><strong>Included components</strong></h3><h4><strong>AZURA Eluent tray E 2.1L</strong></h4><p>AZURA® Eluent tray E 2.1L for AZURA® devices with a capacity of 6 x 1 l bottles or 4 x 2.5 l bottles or 2 x 5 l bottles, (delivery without bottles)</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_AZURA_Eluent_tray_E_2_1_L_Eluent_tray_for_up_to_6_x_1000_ml_bottles_delivery_without_bottles_or_4_x_2_5_l_bottles_or_2_x_5_l_bottles_or_1_x_10_l_bottle_da9c964bad.jpg" alt="Knauer: AZURA Eluent tray E 2.1L - Eluent tray for up to 6 x 1000 ml bottles, (delivery without bottles), or 4 x 2.5 l bottles, or 2 x 5 l bottles, or 1 x 10 l bottle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_AZURA_Eluent_tray_E_2_1_L_Eluent_tray_for_up_to_6_x_1000_ml_bottles_delivery_without_bottles_or_4_x_2_5_l_bottles_or_2_x_5_l_bottles_or_1_x_10_l_bottle_da9c964bad.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="540"></p><h4><strong>Set of eluent supply bottles for HPG and LPG systems incl. bottle for piston backflushing</strong></h4><p>Set of 4 eluent bottles 1000 ml, 1 bottle 250 ml for piston backflushing, incl. closed caps, GL45 use with AZURA tubing kit</p><h4><strong>High pressure gradient HPLC pump</strong></h4><p>AZURA® Pump P 6.1L (HPG), with 10 ml pump head (stainless steel), degasser and mixer (400 µl)</p><ul><li>Max. flow rate : 10 ml/min</li><li>Pump head materials : Stainless Steel &nbsp;Gradient : High pressure gradient (binary)</li><li>Pump features : Active pulsation compensation, RFID for automatic pump head detection, Integrated pressure sensor, Purge valve (manual), Leak management, Piston seal wash</li><li>Maximum delivery pressure [MPa] : 86 MPa</li></ul><h4><strong>Fast and versatile analytical HPLC autosampler</strong></h4><p>AZURA® Autosampler AS 6.1L analytical HPLC autosampler, 862 bar</p><ul><li>Maximum back pressure: 862 bar</li><li>Sample loop: 100 µl</li><li>Sample tray cooling: None</li><li>Autosampler Flow Path: Analytical</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_autosampler_AZURA_AS_6_1_L_1240_bar_ff1ac03e70.jpg" alt="Knauer KNAUER AZURA 1240 bar UHPLC System - autosampler AZURA AS 6.1L 1240&nbsp;bar" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_KNAUER_AZURA_1240_bar_UHPLC_System_autosampler_AZURA_AS_6_1_L_1240_bar_ff1ac03e70.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="780"></p><h4><strong>Column thermostat for up to 8 HPLC columns</strong></h4><p>Column thermostat AZURA CT 2.1 for constant temperatures and reproducible results</p><ul><li>Temperature range : 5–85 °C</li></ul><h4><strong>Basic Diode Array Detector for Liquid Chromatography and Process Technology</strong></h4><p>AZURA® Detector DAD 2.1L Diode array detector DAD 2.1L without flow cell 190 - 700 nm, incl. test cell</p><ul><li>Detector type: Diode array detector</li><li>Detection channels: 8 (Digital)/4 (Analog)</li><li>Wavelength range: 190 - 700 nm</li><li>Number of diodes: 256</li><li>Linearity: &gt; 2.0 AU at 274 nm (ASTM E1657-98)</li></ul><h4><strong>Standard KNAUER LightGuide UV Flow Cell Cartridge</strong></h4><p>10 mm path length, 2µl, 1/16", 50 bar, LightGuide Flow cell cartridge for AZURA® Detector DAD/MWD</p><ul><li>Flow cell type: Analytical UV flow cell</li><li>Path length: 10 mm</li><li>Capillary connection: 1/16''</li><li>Max. flow rate: 5 ml/min</li><li>Flow cell volume: 2 µl</li></ul><h4><strong>Start-Up Kit with flexible, precut capillaries for analytical UHPLC and ULDC systems with 1/16" connections</strong></h4><p>Set of precut capillaries, fittings, connectors and adapters</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Start_Up_Kit_with_flexible_precut_capillaries_for_analytical_UHPLC_and_ULDC_systems_with_1_16_connections_3e479ace7e.jpg" alt="Knauer: Start-Up Kit with flexible, precut capillaries for analytical UHPLC and ULDC systems with 1-16 connections" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Start_Up_Kit_with_flexible_precut_capillaries_for_analytical_UHPLC_and_ULDC_systems_with_1_16_connections_3e479ace7e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1280" height="435"></p><h4><strong>Tool kit AZURA</strong></h4><p>Tool Kit AZURA® for systems with PEEK or pre-cut capillary kits</p><h4><strong>8-port GBit switch for connection of AZURA devices with a PC</strong></h4><p>8-port LAN GBit switch NetGear GS108GE, 8x RJ-45, GBit, Auto MDI-X, power plug UK, US or AUS</p><h4><strong>ClarityChrom 9.1.0 - Workstation, autosampler control included</strong></h4><p>ClarityChrom® single instrument license for one time base</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Clarity_Chrom_Workstation_7ed6c2cb72.jpg" alt="Knauer: ClarityChrom Workstation" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Clarity_Chrom_Workstation_7ed6c2cb72.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="839" height="495"></p><h4><strong>ClarityChrom 9.1.0 - PDA extension</strong></h4><p>ClarityChrom® option for PDA data processing</p><h4><strong>Eluent waste kit for AZURA Analytical systems</strong></h4><p>Eluent waste kit for all AZURA Analytical systems, incl. filter, waste can and cap.</p></div></div></div>

KNAUER LH 8.1 - Modular analytical XYZ Autosampler

KNAUER Liquid Handler offers finally an alternative in the world of robotic autosamplers. In-house design and development for a new level of simplicity and speed.

<p><strong>KNAUER Liquid Handler offers finally an alternative in the world of robotic autosamplers. In-house design and development for a new level of simplicity and speed, namely by:</strong></p><h4><strong>Performance</strong></h4><ul><li>Highest repeatability of peak area in full loop or sandwich injection mode</li><li>Zero sample loss and high precision via Sandwich injection mode&nbsp;</li><li>Lowest carry over with active Fast wash station that cleans the injection syringe and needle on the in- and outside by delivering an adjustable cleaning solvent flow</li><li>User-friendly control via pre programmed injection parameters in Chromatography Software packages</li></ul><h4><strong>Versatility</strong></h4><ul><li>Modular design and wide selection of accessories</li><li>Flexible injection volumes by a variety of exchangeable injection syringes&nbsp;</li><li>Customizable lengths of the rail from standard &nbsp;557 or 887 mm up to 1200mm to increase the amount of modules</li></ul><h4><strong>High throughput</strong></h4><ul><li>Up to 390 x 1.5 mL vials or 6 well plates per Robotic Cooler</li><li>Maximum 1560 x 1.5 ml vials or 24 well plates per Liquid Handler</li><li>Short cycle times via fast and precise movements and the software option "overlapped injections" that allows for preparing the next injection while the previous is still running</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Liquid_Handler_LH_8_1_AZURA_system1_7ad2b43571.jpg" alt="Knauer: Liquid Handler LH 8.1 with AZURA system" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Liquid_Handler_LH_8_1_AZURA_system1_7ad2b43571.jpg 244w," sizes="100vw" width="1390" height="889"></p><h3><strong>Great variety of modules available</strong></h3><p><strong>KNAUER offers a range of active and passive modules for easy customisation of your LH 8.1.</strong></p><ul><li>Want to have more samples and need a cooling option? Use the Robotic Cooler!</li><li>Want a lower carry over? Install the Fast Wash Station with two different solvents for in- and outside syringe and needle cleaning!</li><li>Want to change the solvent in your syringe? Use a passive solvent option to draw liquid during the injection process!</li></ul><p>There are a variety of active and passive options available. Just mount the module on the sampler, configure it in your software and you are ready to go.</p><h4><strong>Injection Valve</strong></h4><p>The injection valve consists of a valve drive and a 6 Port 2-Position valve with a special injection port.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Liquid_Handler_LH_8_1_standalone1_5f21514cca.jpg" alt="Knauer: Liquid Handler LH 8.1 - standalone" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Liquid_Handler_LH_8_1_standalone1_5f21514cca.jpg 179w," sizes="100vw" width="1293" height="1127"></p><h4><strong>Tray Holder</strong></h4><p>The manual tray holder can store up to 130 standard HPLC vials and is recommended whenever no sample cooling is needed.</p><h4><strong>Robotic Cooler</strong></h4><p>The Robotic Cooler can store your samples at 4 - 40°C. You can insert up to 3 Sample Racks for 130 vials each, what means you can store up to 390 sample vials per Robotic Cooler.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Liquid_Handler_LH_8_1_cooled_tray_2_c6fd0672e9.jpg" alt="Knauer: Liquid Handler LH 8.1 - cooled tray" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Liquid_Handler_LH_8_1_cooled_tray_2_c6fd0672e9.jpg 239w," sizes="100vw" width="1595" height="1043"></p><h4><strong>Fast Wash Station</strong></h4><p>With the fast wash station, the injection syringe is cleaned on the in- and outside. It is always recommended, because it significantly reduces carry-over and offers a very user-friendly handling.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Manual Wash Station</strong></h4><p>Manual wash stations are an alternative to the fast wash station when carry-over is not the major concern. A manual wash station can be integrated in the manual tray holder with 5 x 10 ml vials or used as an additional module with 6 x 10 ml vials or 2 x 60 ml vials.</p><h4><strong>Sample Trays</strong></h4><p>Different sample trays can be used either in the manual rack holder or in the Robotic Cooler. Depending on your needs, they are made for analytical standard 1.5 ml vials or well plates.</p><h4><strong>Syringes</strong></h4><p>The most common syringes are implemented in the chromatography software packages. All optimized parameters are preconfigured to get quickly started.</p><h3><strong>Special features</strong></h3><h4><strong>Injection modes</strong></h4><h5><strong>Sandwich loop: Zero sample loss with excellent reproducibility</strong></h5><p><strong>Tired of choosing between sample loss and high performance? The new injection mode offers both.</strong></p><ul><li>KNAUER Liquid Handler LH 8.1 has a special injection mode. Next to standard injections like full loop and partial loop it has the opportunity to use the sandwich injection mode.</li><li>The sample is prepared inside a gastight syringe and then transferred into the HPLC System. In sandwich mode the sample is trapped between small gaps of air. This injection method only takes up the sample volume it needs and the air gaps prevent any peak broadening. Furthermore the pressure increase during the injection process will reduce the sample plug even more leading ot much narrower peak shapes and higher injection precision. &nbsp;</li><li>Ths injection method combines the zero sample loss of µl pickup and injection precision of partial loop injection.</li><li>Only the amount of sample that is injected is aspired by the syringe</li><li>Minimized sample widenening during injection process</li><li>Very high precision</li><li>No loss of sample</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Liquid_Handler_LH_8_1_Sandwich_Injection_Mode_Big_fb713e65a0.jpg" alt="Knauer - Liquid Handler LH 8.1 - Sandwich Injection Mode" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Liquid_Handler_LH_8_1_Sandwich_Injection_Mode_Big_fb713e65a0.jpg 179w," sizes="100vw" width="2832" height="2475"></p><h5><strong>Full loop</strong></h5><ul><li>Sample loop is completely filled with the sample</li><li>Maximum reproducibility is achieved</li><li>Injection volume equals the loop volume</li><li>The sample loop will be overfilled to ensure a complete and reproducible filling</li></ul><h5><strong>Partial loop</strong></h5><ul><li>Sample loop is partially filled with programmed amount of sample&nbsp;</li><li>Injection mode is recommended for preparative tasks</li><li>Maximum injection volume equals 50 % of the loop volume</li><li>No sample loss</li></ul><h3><strong>Large number of samples for high-throughput applications</strong></h3><p><strong>The Robotic Cooler offers space for up to 390 x 1.5 ml standard sample vials while maintaining a stable temperature.&nbsp;</strong></p><ul><li>The Robotic Cooler compartment offers 6 places for sample racks. Two per drawer with a variety of options. One place can be used by a 60 x 1.5 ml vial rack, or 384 well plates or 96 well plates. Furthermore a double rack can be used to offer 130 x 1.5 mL vial positions, taking the total sample capacity to 390 x 1.5 ml vials.</li><li>Depending on the rail length a multitude of Robotic Coolers can be installed and used seperatly. Up to 4 Robotic Coolers on the longest rail.</li><li>The Robotic Cooler is software controlled, which enables a higher response speed and only open the doors so the injection syringe can reach the sample, to protect other samples from temperature fluctuations.&nbsp;</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Liquid_Handler_LH_8_1_cooled_tray_1_d2a6edf265.jpg" alt="Knauer: Liquid Handler LH 8.1 - high throughtput" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Liquid_Handler_LH_8_1_cooled_tray_1_d2a6edf265.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1722" height="1040"></p><h3><strong>Speed up your injection</strong></h3><p><strong>The LH 8.1 is optimized to save time during injection and movement.</strong></p><ul><li>To safe time during the movement, the opening of the Robotic Cooler is software controlled and happens automatically.</li><li>To further speed up the injection, the sampler can apply the "overlapped injections" function, where the sample is already prepared inside the syringe.</li><li>Then the sample can be injected directly after the end of the previous run.&nbsp;</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Liquid_Handler_LH_8_1_Method_overlapped_2_e94a888086.jpg" alt="Knauer: Liquid Handler LH 8.1 - Method_overlapped" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Liquid_Handler_LH_8_1_Method_overlapped_2_e94a888086.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1121" height="310"></p><h3><strong>Easy control via HPLC software&nbsp;</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>The LH 8.1 </strong>can be used just as comfortable as any HPLC Autosampler.</li><li>All parameters for recommended syringes, like injection speed, delay and sandwich build-up are already implemented and extensively tested in our Chromatography Software packages, so that you are ready to go!</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Liquid_Handler_LH_8_1_Method_overlapped_af91cd2ba5.jpg" alt="Knauer: Liquid Handler LH 8.1 - SW control" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Liquid_Handler_LH_8_1_Method_overlapped_af91cd2ba5.jpg 188w," sizes="100vw" width="928" height="771"></p>

KNAUER AZURA HTQC UHPLC System

KNAUER AZURA HTQC UHPLC (1240 bar) enables high-throughput QC with parallel analysis and column re-equilibration for faster workflows.

<p><strong>The KNAUER AZURA HTQC UHPLC (1240 bar) is a high-performance UHPLC system designed for high-throughput quality control (QC) where speed, robustness, and reproducibility are essential.</strong></p><p>The system features a unique concept of <strong>parallel analysis and offline column re-equilibration</strong>, significantly increasing productivity. With <strong>two gradient pumps</strong>, one column performs the analytical run while the second is <strong>re-equilibrated in backflush mode</strong>.</p><p>This architecture enables:</p><ul><li><strong>≥30% reduction in cycle time</strong></li><li><strong>increased sample throughput</strong></li><li><strong>column protection from matrix contamination</strong></li><li><strong>consistent retention times</strong></li></ul><p>It is ideal for <strong>pharmaceutical QC laboratories</strong> requiring <strong>automation and validated workflows</strong>.</p><h4><span><strong>Key Features</strong></span></h4><ul><li>UHPLC system <strong>up to 1240 bar (124 MPa)</strong></li><li><strong>Dual gradient pumps</strong> (HPG + LPG)</li><li><strong>Parallel analysis</strong> and column re-equilibration</li><li>Backflush mode for column protection</li><li><strong>≥30% faster analysis</strong> cycles</li><li>High flow reproducibility</li><li>Autosampler with cooling</li><li>Column thermostat (Peltier)</li><li><strong>Fully automated modular system</strong></li><li><strong>MS detector compatibility</strong></li></ul><h4><span><strong>System Configuration</strong></span></h4><p>Included components:</p><ul><li>Eluent tray E 2.1L</li><li>Pump P 8.1L (HPG)</li><li>Pump P 6.1L (LPG)</li><li>Liquid handler LH 8.1 + Robotic Cooler</li><li>Column thermostat CT 2.1</li><li>Column switching &amp; backflush valve</li><li>Accessories and tools</li></ul><h3><span><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></span></h3><h4><span><strong>Pumps</strong></span></h4><h5><strong>P 8.1L (HPG – analytical pump):</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Max pressure:</strong> <strong>1240 bar</strong></li><li><strong>Flow rate:</strong> up to <strong>5 mL/min</strong></li><li>Adaptive pulsation compensation</li><li>Degasser + binary solvent selection</li><li>Low baseline noise</li></ul><h5><strong>P 6.1L (LPG – re-equilibration):</strong></h5><ul><li>Quaternary gradient</li><li>Integrated degasser</li><li>Low dwell volume</li><li>Inline filter</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Autosampler</strong></span></h4><h5><strong>LH 8.1:</strong></h5><ul><li>XYZ autosampler</li><li>Capacity: up to 390 samples</li><li>Temperature: 4–40 °C</li><li>Low carryover</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Column Thermostat</strong></span></h4><h5><strong>CT 2.1:</strong></h5><ul><li>Peltier controlled</li><li>Above and below ambient operation</li><li>High precision</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Valve System</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Column switching + backflush</li><li>Up to 1200 bar</li><li>Parallel column operation</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Detection</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Compatible with all HPLC detectors</li><li>Ideal for LC-MS coupling</li></ul><h4><span><strong>HTQC Concept</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Independent flow paths (analysis vs re-equilibration)</li><li>Backflush re-equilibration</li><li>Parallel operation</li><li>Increased throughput without compromise</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Typical Applications</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Pharmaceutical QC</li><li>Routine validated workflows</li><li>High sample throughput environments</li><li>Reversed-phase HPLC</li></ul>

KNAUER High Precision AZURA P 6.1L HPLC Pump

KNAUER AZURA P 6.1L HPLC pump with up to 1000 bar, precise gradient control, and low pulsation for reliable UHPLC workflows.

<p><strong>The KNAUER AZURA P 6.1L is a high-precision analytical HPLC pump designed for accurate and reproducible solvent delivery in both HPLC and UHPLC applications.</strong></p><p>The pump combines essential features of a modern pumping system, including <strong>low pulsation, high pressure capability, precise gradient formation, and flexible configuration</strong>. It is available in both <strong>HPG (high-pressure gradient)</strong> and <strong>LPG (low-pressure gradient)</strong> versions, with a flow range up to <strong>50 mL/min</strong>.</p><p>The system uses a <strong>dual serial piston mechanism with active pulsation compensation</strong>, ensuring <strong>excellent flow stability under all conditions</strong>. A <strong>low-dead-volume microfluidic mixer</strong> enables efficient and precise solvent mixing.</p><p>Different pump heads are available:</p><ul><li><strong>up to 10 mL/min at 862 bar</strong></li><li><strong>up to 5 mL/min at 1000 bar</strong></li></ul><p>Optional configurations include <strong>biocompatible materials (PEEK, ceramic, titanium)</strong> and specialized setups for <strong>normal phase applications (e.g., hexane, heptane)</strong>.</p><h4><span><strong>Key Features</strong></span></h4><ul><li>High-precision analytical HPLC/UHPLC pump</li><li><strong>Pressure up to 1000 bar</strong></li><li><strong>Flow rates up to 50 mL/min</strong></li><li><strong>Dual piston system</strong> with low pulsation</li><li>Active pulsation compensation</li><li>HPG and LPG gradient configurations</li><li><strong>Microfluidic mixer (50–600 µl)</strong></li><li>RFID pump head detection</li><li>Optional degasser</li><li>Biocompatible configurations available</li><li>Robust operation with demanding solvents</li></ul><h3><span><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></span></h3><h4><span><strong>Solvent Delivery</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Pump type:</strong> analytical HPLC pump</li><li><strong>Mechanism:</strong> dual serial piston</li><li><strong>Flow range:</strong> 0.001 – 50 mL/min</li><li><strong>Max pressure:</strong> up to 1000 bar</li><li><strong>Flow accuracy:</strong> ± 0.25%</li><li><strong>Precision:</strong> ≤ 0.04% RSD</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Gradient</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Range:</strong> 0–100% (0.1% steps)</li><li><strong>HPG accuracy:</strong> ± 0.3%</li><li><strong>HPG precision:</strong> &lt; 0.1% RSD</li><li><strong>LPG accuracy:</strong> ± 0.3% to ± 2%</li><li><strong>LPG precision:</strong> &lt; 0.5% RSD</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Mixing</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Microfluidic mixer</li><li>Volumes: 50 / 100 / 200 / 400 / 600 µl</li><li>Low dead volume</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Degasser (optional)</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>2–4 channels</strong></li><li><strong>Max flow:</strong> <strong>10 mL/min per channel</strong></li><li><strong>Residual O₂:</strong> <strong>&lt; 0.5 ppm</strong></li><li><strong>Membrane:</strong> fluoropolymer</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Materials</strong></span></h4><ul><li>PEEK, Tefzel®, Systec AF</li><li>Optional biocompatible materials (titanium, ceramic)</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Control &amp; Communication</strong></span></h4><ul><li>LAN, analog inputs</li><li>Event outputs (TTL, relay)</li><li>Optional mobile control</li><li>RFID pump head detection</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Operating Conditions</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Temperature:</strong> <strong>4–40 °C</strong></li><li><strong>Humidity:</strong> <strong>&lt; 90% non-condensing</strong></li></ul><h4><span><strong>Dimensions &amp; Power</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Dimensions:</strong> 361 × 208 × 523 mm</li><li><strong>Weight:</strong> 14.1 kg</li><li><strong>Power supply:</strong> 100–240 V, 50–60 Hz</li><li><strong>Power consumption:</strong> max 100 W</li></ul>

KNAUER High Precision AZURA P 8.1L UHPLC Pump

KNAUER AZURA P 8.1L UHPLC pump with up to 1240 bar, adaptive pulsation compensation, and high precision for demanding UHPLC applications.

<p><strong>The KNAUER AZURA P 8.1L is a high-performance UHPLC pump designed for ultra-fast and high-resolution chromatographic applications. With a maximum pressure of 1240 bar (124 MPa) and flow rates up to 5 mL/min, it meets the demands of modern UHPLC workflows.</strong></p><p>The pump features a <strong>dual serial piston mechanism</strong> combined with <strong>adaptive pulsation compensation</strong>, which operates independently of flow rate, pressure, and solvent type through <strong>real-time monitoring of eluent compressibility</strong> and variable piston stroke.</p><p>Together with KNAUER’s advanced piston drive technology, this results in <strong>exceptional flow reproducibility under all operating conditions</strong>. High-precision in-house manufacturing ensures <strong>long piston seal lifetime and maximum system uptime</strong>.</p><h4><span><strong>Key Features</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>UHPLC pump up to 1240 bar</strong></li><li><strong>Flow rates up to 5 mL/min</strong></li><li>Dual serial piston system</li><li>Adaptive pulsation compensation</li><li>Excellent flow reproducibility</li><li>HPG gradient capability</li><li>Integrated <strong>4-channel degasser</strong></li><li>RFID pump head detection</li><li>Low baseline noise</li><li>High durability and long lifetime</li><li><strong>Compatible with UHPLC and LC-MS systems</strong></li></ul><h3><span><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></span></h3><h4><span><strong>Solvent Delivery</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Pump type:</strong> analytical UHPLC pump</li><li><strong>Mechanism:</strong> dual serial piston</li><li><strong>Max pressure:</strong> <strong>1240 bar</strong></li><li><strong>Flow rate:</strong> <strong>up to 5 mL/min</strong></li><li><strong>Flow accuracy:</strong> <strong>± 0.25%</strong></li><li><strong>Precision:</strong> <strong>≤ 0.04% RSD</strong></li></ul><h4><span><strong>Gradient</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Type:</strong> HPG (high-pressure gradient)</li><li><strong>Range:</strong> 0–100% (0.1% steps)</li><li><strong>Accuracy:</strong> ± 0.3%</li><li><strong>Precision:</strong> &lt; 0.1% RSD</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Degasser</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Channels:</strong> 4</li><li><strong>Max flow:</strong> 5 mL/min per channel</li><li><strong>Residual O₂:</strong> &lt; 0.5 ppm</li><li><strong>Technology:</strong> fluoropolymer membrane</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Connections</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Inlet:</strong> UNF 1/4-28 (1/8” tubing)</li><li><strong>Outlet:</strong> UNF 10-32 (1/16” capillary)</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Materials</strong></span></h4><ul><li>PEEK, Tefzel®, Systec AF</li><li>Compatible with most solvents (except HCl and halogenated hydrocarbons)</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Control &amp; Communication</strong></span></h4><ul><li>LAN, analog inputs</li><li>Event outputs (TTL, relay)</li><li>Optional mobile control</li><li>RFID pump head detection</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Safety &amp; Operating Conditions</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Leak sensor</li><li>Soft start and programmable pressure limits</li><li>Temperature: 4–40 °C</li><li>Humidity: &lt; 90% non-condensing</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Dimensions &amp; Power</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Dimensions:</strong> 361 × 208 × 523 mm</li><li><strong>Weight:</strong> 26.7 kg</li><li><strong>Power supply:</strong> 100–240 V, 50–60 Hz</li><li><strong>Power consumption:</strong> max 310 W</li></ul>

KNAUER AZURA Autosampler AS 6.1L

KNAUER AZURA AS 6.1L autosampler with up to 768 samples, ultra-low carryover, and fast injection cycles for HPLC/UHPLC workflows.

<p><strong>The KNAUER AZURA® AS 6.1L is a high-performance autosampler designed for automated sample injection in HPLC/UHPLC systems, offering high capacity, precision, and flexibility for both routine and high-throughput applications.</strong></p><p>The <strong>autosampler supports:</strong></p><ul><li>up to <strong>768 sample positions (microtiter plates)</strong></li><li>up to <strong>108 standard 1.5 mL vials</strong></li></ul><p>A highly effective <strong>internal and external needle wash system</strong> minimizes carryover to extremely low levels. The system is also fast, with a <strong>complete injection cycle taking less than one minute</strong>, including needle washing.</p><p>Three <strong>injection modes</strong> are supported:</p><ul><li><strong>full loop filling</strong> (highest precision)</li><li><strong>partial loop filling</strong> (variable volumes)</li><li><strong>µl pickup</strong> (loss-free injection of small volumes)</li></ul><p>The integrated <strong>ILD™ (Intermediate Loop Decompression) valve</strong> ensures accurate high-pressure injections without sample dilution and reduces pressure spikes, protecting the column.</p><h4><span><strong>Key Features</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Autosampler for HPLC/UHPLC</strong> systems</li><li><strong>Up to 768 sample positions</strong></li><li><strong>Up to 108 vials </strong>(1.5 mL)</li><li>Ultra-low <strong>carryover (&lt; 0.0003%)</strong></li><li><strong>Fast injection</strong> cycle (<strong>&lt; 1 min</strong>)</li><li><strong>3 injection modes</strong> (full loop, partial loop, µl pickup)</li><li>ILD™ technology for high-pressure injection</li><li>PASA™ (pressure-assisted sample aspiration)</li><li>Optional <strong>sample cooling (4–40 °C)</strong></li><li>Missing vial/plate detection</li><li>Supports precolumn derivatization</li></ul><h3><span><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></span></h3><h4><span><strong>Sample Injection</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Injection volume range:</strong> 0.1 µl – 10 mL</li><li><strong>Precision:</strong><ul><li><strong>Full loop:</strong> &lt; 0.3% RSD</li><li><strong>Partial loop:</strong> &lt; 0.5% RSD</li><li><strong>µl pickup:</strong> &lt; 1.0% RSD</li></ul></li><li><strong>Accuracy:</strong> 0.2 µl (250 µl syringe)</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Performance</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Carryover:</strong><ul><li>&lt; 0.0015% (standard)</li><li>&lt; 0.0003% (extended wash)</li></ul></li><li><strong>Injections per vial:</strong> <strong>max. 9</strong></li><li><strong>Cycle time:</strong><ul><li>7 s (same vial)</li><li>14 s (different vials)</li><li>&lt; 60 s total</li></ul></li></ul><h4><span><strong>Capacity &amp; Compatibility</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Microtiter plates:</strong> ANSI SLAS standard</li><li><strong>Max vial/plate height:</strong> <strong>47 mm</strong></li></ul><h4><span><strong>Additional Features</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Headspace pressure (bubble prevention)</li><li>Precolumn derivatization</li><li>Sample tray cooling (optional, 4–40 °C)</li><li>Vial detection sensor</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Materials</strong></span></h4><ul><li>ETFE, PTFE, stainless steel, glass, Vespel</li><li>Wide chemical compatibility</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Control &amp; Communication</strong></span></h4><ul><li>LAN / Ethernet</li><li>Analog inputs</li><li>TTL inputs (start, stop, freeze)</li><li>Relay output (alarm, marker)</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Operating Conditions</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Temperature:</strong> 10–40 °C</li><li><strong>Humidity:</strong> 20–80%</li></ul>

KNAUER AZURA CT 2.1 Column Thermostat

KNAUER AZURA CT 2.1 column thermostat with Peltier control (5–85 °C), high stability, and optional eluent pre-heating for precise HPLC separations.

<p><strong>The KNAUER AZURA CT 2.1 is a cost-effective column thermostat designed for precise and stable temperature control in HPLC applications.</strong></p><p>The instrument uses a <strong>microprocessor-controlled Peltier element</strong>, enabling both <strong>heating and cooling</strong> in the range of <strong>5–85 °C</strong>. Its high temperature stability allows for programming <strong>linear and non-linear temperature gradients</strong>, improving separation performance.</p><p>For advanced applications, the system can be optionally equipped with an <strong>eluent pre-heating cartridge</strong>, ensuring <strong>consistent temperature conditions</strong>, improved <strong>selectivity</strong>, and <strong>better peak shapes</strong>.</p><p>Its compact design supports flexible integration and accommodates multiple columns.</p><h4><span><strong>Key Features</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Column thermostat for HPLC applications</li><li>Temperature range <strong>5–85 °C</strong></li><li>Peltier technology (heating and cooling)</li><li>High <strong>temperature stability (±0.1 °C)</strong></li><li><strong>Accurate temperature control (±0.2 °C)</strong></li><li><strong>Programmable temperature gradients</strong></li><li>Optional eluent pre-heating</li><li>Supports multiple columns</li><li>Compact and robust design</li><li>Built-in safety features</li></ul><h3><span><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></span></h3><h4><span><strong>Thermostatting</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Technology:</strong> <strong>Peltier (heating &amp; cooling)</strong></li><li><strong>Temperature range:</strong> 5–85 °C</li><li><strong>Heating/cooling rate:</strong> 2 °C/min</li><li><strong>Accuracy:</strong> ± 0.2 °C</li><li><strong>Stability:</strong> ± 0.1 °C</li><li><strong>Air circulation:</strong> fan-assisted bidirectional flow</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Column Compartment</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Max number of columns:</strong> up to <strong>8</strong></li><li><strong>Max length:</strong> 325 mm</li><li><strong>Max diameter:</strong> 35 mm</li><li><strong>Compatibility:</strong><ul><li>125 mm × 4.6 mm ID (with precolumn)</li><li>300 mm × 4.6 mm ID</li><li>300 mm × 16 mm ID</li></ul></li></ul><h4><span><strong>Internal Dimensions</strong></span></h4><ul><li>90 × 390 × 47 mm</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Safety</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Self-check and auto-calibration at startup</li><li>Adjustable shut-off temperature</li><li>Leak sensor with acoustic alarm</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Control &amp; Communication</strong></span></h4><ul><li>LAN interface</li><li>Optional Mobile Control (stand-alone operation)</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Power &amp; Dimensions</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Power supply:</strong> 90–230 V, 50–60 Hz</li><li><strong>Power consumption:</strong> 100 W</li><li><strong>Dimensions:</strong> 150 × 470 × 310 mm</li><li><strong>Weight:</strong> 8.4 kg</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Optional Accessories</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Eluent pre-heating cartridge</strong><ul><li>for capillaries <strong>0.1 mm / 0.18 mm ID</strong></li></ul></li></ul>

KNAUER AZURA Valve Unifier VU 4.1

KNAUER AZURA VU 4.1 valve drive enables fast automated valve switching with RFID identification for HPLC/UHPLC systems.

<p><strong>The KNAUER AZURA VU 4.1 Valve Unifier is a compact valve drive unit designed for automated valve switching in HPLC/UHPLC systems. It enables precise and fast control of liquid flow paths, which is essential for applications such as column switching, sample injection, eluent selection, and fractionation.</strong></p><p>Due to its <strong>ultra-fast switching speed</strong>, the flow path is interrupted only briefly, significantly <strong>reducing pressure spikes</strong> and improving system stability.</p><p>The device uses <strong>RFID technology for automatic valve identification</strong>, ensuring <strong>easy and error-free valve exchange</strong>. Integrated <strong>GLP data monitoring</strong> simplifies maintenance tasks such as rotor seal replacement.</p><p>The unit can be operated:</p><ul><li><strong>stand-alone via display</strong></li><li><strong>via software</strong></li><li><strong>through LAN or analog I/O</strong></li></ul><p>This makes it easy to integrate into almost any LC system.</p><h4><span><strong>Key Features</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Universal <strong>valve drive for &gt;40 valve types</strong></li><li>Ultra-fast switching (minimal pressure spikes)</li><li><strong>RFID valve identification</strong></li><li>GLP data monitoring for maintenance</li><li>Standalone operation via display</li><li><strong>Integration into LC systems </strong>(LAN, analog, software)</li><li>Compact design</li><li>Easy maintenance and valve exchange</li><li>Flexible use in LC and industrial applications</li></ul><h3><span><strong>Technical Specifications</strong></span></h3><h4><span><strong>Communication &amp; Control</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Interfaces:</strong> <strong>LAN, display, terminal strip</strong></li><li><strong>Control:</strong><ul><li>display (stand-alone)</li><li>software</li><li>event control</li></ul></li><li><strong>Inputs:</strong><ul><li>Home</li><li>Backward/Inject</li><li>Forward/Load</li><li>Start</li></ul></li><li><strong>Outputs:</strong><ul><li>Trigger out</li><li>Event output</li></ul></li></ul><h4><span><strong>Performance &amp; Features</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Ultra-fast valve switching</li><li>Reduced pressure peaks</li><li>Supports &gt;40 valve types</li><li>RFID valve recognition</li><li>GLP maintenance tracking</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Operating Conditions</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Temperature:</strong> 4–40 °C</li><li><strong>Humidity:</strong> &lt; 90% non-condensing</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Power &amp; Dimensions</strong></span></h4><ul><li><strong>Power supply:</strong> external 24 V DC</li><li><strong>Power consumption:</strong> 65 W</li><li><strong>Dimensions:</strong> 80 × 123 × 192 mm</li><li><strong>Weight:</strong> 1.9 kg</li></ul><h4><span><strong>Typical Applications</strong></span></h4><ul><li>Column switching</li><li>Eluent selection</li><li>Sample injection</li><li>Fraction collection</li><li>LC workflow automation</li><li>Dosing systems in chemical industry</li></ul>

Products focused on HPLC distributed by KNAUER - page 1

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