Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals that have been widely used since the 1940s in industries and consumer goods. They are found in products like water-repellent clothing, stain-resistant fabrics, cosmetics, firefighting foams, and grease-, water-, and oil-resistant items. For instance, PFAS are commonly present in non-stick cookware used in everyday life. Their persistence and long biological half-lives have resulted in measurable levels in nearly all people in developed countries, with associated PFAS human health effects reported worldwide.Evaluating PFAS health risks requires understanding their adverse health effects at real-world exposures, particularly during sensitive life stages, along with their modes of action, toxicokinetics, and dose-response relationships. This knowledge supports risk estimates that guide public health limits, exposure reduction, and environmental cleanup efforts.<h3>Why are PFAS a Health Concern?</h3>PFAS have a chemical structure with a perfluorinated carbon tail that repels both water and oil and an anionic head group that attracts water, making them highly resistant and persistent. As a result, they do not break down and instead accumulate in the bodies of people and animals worldwide through food and repeated exposures. They even bio-magnify through the food web. Growing evidence has raised concerns about the harmful effects of PFAS on human health.In the human body, PFAS bind strongly to proteins due to their polar, hydrophobic nature and have been detected in serum, cord blood, and breast milk. Unlike many other bio-accumulative contaminants, they do not tend to accumulate in fat tissue.<h3>PFAS Testing Techniques</h3>PFAS have a chemical structure with a perfluorinated carbon tail that repels both water and oil and an anionic head group that attracts water, making them highly resistant and persistent. As a result, they do not break down and instead accumulate in the bodies of people and animals worldwide through food and repeated exposures. They even bio-magnify through the food web. Growing evidence has raised concerns about the harmful effects of PFAS on human health.In the human body, PFAS bind strongly to proteins due to their polar, hydrophobic nature and have been detected in serum, cord blood, and breast milk. Unlike many other bio-accumulative contaminants, they do not tend to accumulate in fat tissue.While animal studies show that most PFAS are primarily excreted through urine, renal clearance in humans is much slower, raising significant concerns for PFAS human health. The slow elimination contributes to the long-term effects of PFAS on humans.PFAS have extended half-lives, with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) persisting for approximately 3.5 years and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) for roughly 4.8 years. Some studies also report a range of 2.3 to 3.3 years. These findings highlight serious PFAS health risks, demanding the need for continued monitoring and risk assessment.<h3>Known and Suspected Health Effects of PFAs in Humans</h3><h4>Immunological effects</h4>Epidemiological studies have shown that PFAS exposure is linked to weakened immune responses, including reduced antibody levels after vaccinations such as diphtheria, tetanus, rubella, and mumps, with these effects persisting into adolescence and adulthood.Prenatal and early-life exposure to PFAS has been linked to higher risks of infections such as airway, throat, and gastrointestinal illnesses, as well as conditions like atopic dermatitis. Overall, the evidence on PFAS and human health suggests that exposure to PFAS during infancy and childhood can suppress the immune system, though some effects may differ by sex.<h4>Liver disease and cancer</h4>The liver is a major site for long-chain PFAS accumulation, with experimental studies showing toxic effects such as fat infiltration in liver cells, apoptosis, disrupted fatty acid metabolism, and even tumor development. Animal toxicology and histology studies indicate that PFAS can alter liver metabolism, causing increased bile acid reuptake and lipid buildup. These findings demonstrate the effects of PFAS on liver function and long-term disease risk.<h4>Kidney diseases</h4>PFAS exposure has been consistently linked to higher uric acid levels, a biomarker of increased risk for kidney disease, in both adults and children. The prolonged half-lives of long-chain PFAS are largely due to strong kidney reabsorption. Human studies link legacy PFAS such as PFOA and PFOS exposure to reduced kidney function and chronic kidney disease. PFOA and PFOS health effects can also be seen in the body where these substances tend to accumulate in kidney tissues causing nephrotoxicity.<h4>Reproductive outcomes</h4>Exposure to PFOA has been linked to reduced sperm motility, lower sperm concentration and count, and hormonal changes in young men. PFAS can also cross the placenta and accumulate in breast milk, allowing transfer from mother to child. As a result, young children often have higher serum PFAS levels than their mothers.<h3>How do PFAS enter the Environment and Food Chain?</h3>Human exposure to PFAS occurs through multiple pathways. These may vary from exposure to indoor air and dust to ingestion of contaminated water and food, particularly in areas near industrial sites. Thus, PFAS human health concerns may arise from:<ul><li>Water: PFAS contaminate public and private drinking water sources, rivers, and groundwater near industrial areas, landfills, and waste sites. Firefighting foams (AFFFs) used at airports, military bases, and training facilities are a major contributor, raising concerns about PFAS chemicals health effects on the communities dependent on these resources.</li><li>Soil and Air: They spread through soil and air around hazardous waste sites, manufacturing facilities such as chrome plating, electronics, textiles, paper, and through biosolids used as fertilizers.</li><li>Food: PFAS enter the food chain through contaminated fish, seafood, dairy, meat, crops, and animal products. Food packaging such as grease-resistant paper, fast-food wrappers, and microwave popcorn bags also contribute PFAS to the environment.</li><li>Household and Consumer Products: Everyday items like stain- and water-resistant fabrics, non-stick cookware, cleaning agents, paints, sealants, and certain personal care products (shampoo, dental floss, cosmetics) release PFAS into homes.</li><li>Exposure Pathways: This is an area of growing research, it is currently understood that people are being exposed to PFAS through various means, including drinking contaminated water, eating contaminated food, inhaling polluted air or dust, swallowing soil, using PFAS-containing products, or working in high-risk occupations such as firefighting and chemical manufacturing.</li></ul><h3>Importance of Accurate PFAS Testing</h3>Accurate<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/industries/pfas"> PFAS testing solutions</a> are essential to measure the presence of environmental chemicals and metabolites in human tissues and fluids. Testing can provide a clearer picture of total internal exposure from all sources and pathways. The wide diversity of PFAS, with varying chemical and physical properties, requires the development of tailored analytical procedures that depend on the sample type and medium.The choice of biological sample depends on the specific PFAS of concern, with serum most often used to measure those with long half-lives, while urine or whole blood may be better for short-lived compounds. PFAS can also be detected in plasma, breast milk, and hair, each providing unique insights into exposure at different life stages. For example, hair can reflect historical exposures, and breast milk testing helps estimate infants intake, which is a significant concern for many communities that have been exposed to these substances.Because PFAS detection limits are 1,000 times lower (ppt) than routine analyses (ppb), strict precautions such as verifying PFAS-free supplies are essential to prevent sample contamination, which can still occur from vendor or manufacturing changes. Extremely low detection limits and regulatory criteria is in the parts per trillion (ppt) range. Hence, field QC sample collection and analysis are crucial in investigating the effects of PFAS on humans.

Health Risks Associated with PFAS Exposure

<div><div>Scientists from UCT Prague contributed to a large-scale study showing that a small change in the so-called anticodon stem of transfer RNAs can expand their decoding capabilities – not only in eukaryotes but also in bacteria.</div><div>Scientists from UCT Prague contributed to a large-scale study showing that even a small change in transfer RNA (tRNA) can fundamentally affect how a cell reads its genetic information. Computer simulations explained why certain tRNAs are able to ignore a signal that under normal circumstances marks the end of protein synthesis. Such tRNAs were previously known in higher organisms. The study, however, mapped how common these unusual tRNAs are in bacteria.The genetic code is a&nbsp;set of rules by which cells translate genetic information during protein synthesis. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) play a&nbsp;key role in this process, recognising short stretches of mRNA known as codons through their anticodon. In addition to amino acid codons, there is one start codon and several termination (stop) codons. Stop codons are not recognised by transfer RNAs but by specialised enzymes that terminate protein synthesis. Standard tRNAs have five nucleobase pairs in their so-called anticodon stem. Recently, however, it has emerged that some organisms carry functional tRNAs with only four pairs. These "shortened" variants can recognise even codons that, according to the classical rules, should not correspond to them.An international team led by the Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences in České Budějovice analysed over 42,000&nbsp;bacterial genomes and found that tRNAs with a&nbsp;four-pair stem occur in bacteria surprisingly often. In some cases, these variants likely enable the reading of the stop codon UGA as the amino acid tryptophan, a&nbsp;phenomenon previously associated mainly with unicellular eukaryotes.The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://kolar.vscht.cz/">Kolář group</a> at the Department of Physical Chemistry, UCT Prague, focused on the question of why a&nbsp;four-pair stem alters the decoding properties of tRNA. To address this, they employed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, which make it possible to track the movement of every atom in a&nbsp;tRNA molecule over time.Jakub Žváček, a&nbsp;student on the Master's&nbsp;programme in Data Engineering in Chemistry, prepared a&nbsp;total of nine variants derived from the tryptophan tRNA of the bacterium Escherichia coli: the wild type with a&nbsp;five-pair stem, six mutants with a&nbsp;disrupted top base pair, and two previously described variants that promote reading of the stop codon UGA (the G24A&nbsp;and A9C&nbsp;mutations). The simulation results showed that disrupting the top base pair does not cause the overall three-dimensional structure of the tRNA to collapse. It remains stabilised by stacking interactions of neighbouring bases and non-canonical hydrogen bonds. The key finding, however, concerns a&nbsp;region at the interface of the D-arm and the stem – kind of hinge within the tRNA. In some mutants, the simulations revealed destabilisation of this region and increased flexibility of the anticodon stem, reminiscent of the behaviour of known mutations that promote stop codon readthrough. The simulations thus provided a&nbsp;structural explanation for the experimental observations and helped formulate predictions about which nucleotide combinations in the disrupted pair are functionally relevant.The study proposed an extension of the so-called superwobble hypothesis to include non-canonical C:A&nbsp;pairing at the third codon position. If this hypothesis is confirmed for other types of tRNA as well, it will have profound implications for our understanding of how the genetic code — shared by all known organisms — has been shaped by evolution.The results were published in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/54/7/gkag327/8659125">Nucleic Acids Research</a> (2026, 54, gkag327).</div><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/VSCHT_Praha_Pocitacove_simulace_osvetlily_jak_neobvykle_t_RNA_meni_pravidla_cteni_genetickeho_kodu_f6de6700a0.jpg" alt="VŠCHT Prague: Computer simulations shed light on how unusual tRNAs change the rules of reading the genetic code: Molecular architecture of the transfer RNA with the 5th anticodon-stem base pair labelled. This base pair affects the decoding ability of the tRNA anticodon." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_VSCHT_Praha_Pocitacove_simulace_osvetlily_jak_neobvykle_t_RNA_meni_pravidla_cteni_genetickeho_kodu_f6de6700a0.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="759" height="268"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/VSCHT_Praha_Pocitacove_simulace_osvetlily_jak_neobvykle_t_RNA_meni_pravidla_cteni_genetickeho_kodu_2_c4296b9015.jpg" alt="VŠCHT Prague: Computer simulations shed light on how unusual tRNAs change the rules of reading the genetic code: Analysis of anticodon stem flexibility showed that the mutation of the 5th nucleobase pair (C27A), which enables stop-codon readthrough, loosens the anticodon stem in a manner similar to the previously known Hirsh mutation G24A. Conversely, the C27U mutation does not loosen the stem, which correlates with the absence of this mutation in the genomes of bacteria containing tRNAs with 4bp stems." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_VSCHT_Praha_Pocitacove_simulace_osvetlily_jak_neobvykle_t_RNA_meni_pravidla_cteni_genetickeho_kodu_2_c4296b9015.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="759" height="196"><blockquote><h4>Original article&nbsp;</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/54/7/gkag327/8659125?login=false">Frequent occurrence and predicted functions of tRNAs with 4-base-pair anticodon stems in bacteria: extended superwobble hypothesis</a></h4>Fadel Fakih, Satish Nandipati, Ambar Kachale, Jiří Heller, Jakub Žváček, Filip Brázdovič, Nawal Al-Chamy, Pragya Tripathi, Zdeněk Paris, Leoš Shivaya Valášek, Michal H Kolář, Vyacheslav Yurchenko, Marek Eliáš, Eugene V Koonin, Julius Lukeš, Anzhelika ButenkoNucleic Acids Research, Volume 54, Issue 7, 24 April 2026, gkag327<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkag327">https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkag327</a><h6>licenced by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>Recently, a tRNATrpCCA with a 4-base-pair (bp) anticodon stem (AS) was shown to efficiently recognize a near-cognate UGA codon in unicellular eukaryotes, such as some trypanosomatids and ciliates, thereby representing a novel codon reassignment mechanism. To determine whether this mechanism also evolved in bacteria, we analysed a dataset of 42 109 genomes, including previously reported cases of stop-to-tryptophan UGA reassignment and a newly identified instance in the phylum Patescibacteriota. We show that the 4-bp AS tRNATrp species are present across diverse bacteria and in some cases likely function in decoding in-frame UGA codons. Most notable is the endosymbiotic bacterium Candidatus Zinderia insecticola, which contains only the near-cognate 4-bp AS tRNATrpCCA, while lacking both canonical 5-bp AS tRNATrpCCA and a tRNATrpUCA. The secondary structure of this 4-bp AS tRNATrp resembles that of its eukaryotic counterpart, suggesting convergent evolution. We experimentally confirmed the UGA readthrough capacity of 4-bp AS tRNATrpCCA in Escherichia coli, and applied molecular dynamics simulations to suggest the underlying mechanism. Furthermore, we tested several predictions based on accepting the previously excluded possibility of C:A base pairing at the 3rd codon position. These findings provide new insights into the structural diversity of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and expand our understanding of genetic code evolution.</div>

Computer simulations shed light on how unusual tRNAs change the rules of reading the genetic code

Clarity 10.2 expands instrument control capabilities with new control modules and updates the MS extension to help you work more efficiently.<h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity</a> 10.2 highlights</h4><ul><li>New and updated control modules</li><li>Improved MS data import and export</li><li>Obsolete hardware support ended</li></ul><h4>Instrument control modules</h4>Clarity 10.2 introduces new instrument control modules from Annuo (AS-3117, FAS-3823) and updated instrument controls form Sykam and Ecom.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Instrument_control_modules_5de26782b0.jpg" alt="DataApex: Instrument control modules" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Instrument_control_modules_5de26782b0.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="380" height="260"><h4>MS data import/export improvements</h4>Clarity improves MS data exchange, especially for *.cdf files. MS instruments now support export and import of multiple spectral data and non-spectral signal data in the same CDF file. Import also better handles uniform sampling information, m/z Step values, scale factors, and file names with non-ASCII characters. Exporting individual chromatogram signals from MS instruments is now available through a separate Export Chromatogram dialog.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_MS_data_import_export_improvements_a7967a4020.jpg" alt="DataApex: MS data import-export improvements" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_MS_data_import_export_improvements_a7967a4020.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="378" height="259"><h4>Obsolete hardware support terminated</h4>Due to changes in Windows driver security requirements, this update discontinues support for obsolete hardware, including INT7, INT9, U-PAD, U-PAD2, and CB20.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Obsolete_hardware_support_terminated_24d9329419.jpg" alt="DataApex: Obsolete hardware support terminated" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Obsolete_hardware_support_terminated_24d9329419.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="378" height="259"><blockquote>Explore the complete list of all changes, fixes, and additions in version 10.2.👉<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/version_history?product=1">See the complete changelog&nbsp;</a></blockquote>

Clarity Chromatography Software 10.2 released!

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Since 1991 DataApex develops and manufactures chromatography data stations. DataApex is constantly striving to provide users with efficient and up-to-date tools for chromatography data processing.

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The University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague is a natural centre of first-rate study and research in the area of chemistry in Czechia and is one of the country's largest educational and research institutions focused on technical chemistry, chemical and biochemical technologies, material and chemical engineering, food chemistry, and environmental studies.

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Phenomenex is a global technology leader committed to developing novel analytical chemistry solutions that solve the separation and purification challenges of researchers in industrial, government and academic laboratories.

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Phenomenex Biozen dSEC-1 LC columns

Phenomenex Biozen dSEC-1 is a high-resolution SEC column for peptide therapeutics, delivering fast, reproducible aggregate analysis with improved peak shape and compatibility with SEC-MS and SEC-MALS.

<h4>High-Resolution Aggregate Analysis for Peptide Therapeutics</h4>Biozen dSEC-1 columns are engineered to meet the growing demand for aggregate analysis in peptide therapeutics and mid-sized biologics. Packed with 90 Å small pore silica and featuring inert diol-based surface chemistry, dSEC-1 delivers enhanced resolution for low and high molecular weight peptide aggregates. Its robust design ensures reproducibility and compatibility with advanced workflows like SEC-MS and SEC-MALS.<h5>Robust Performance for Peptide Aggregate Analysis</h5><ul><li>High resolution for low/high MW peptide aggregates (1–50 kDa)</li><li>Reproducible, and fast analysis with extended column lifetime</li><li>Improved peak asymmetry by up to 40%</li><li>Recommended Use: Analysis of peptides, protein fragments, and small biologics with reduced analysis times and improved column lifetimes.</li></ul><h4>Aggregate and Monomer Separation in Liraglutide Formulations</h4><ul><li>Baseline resolution of monomer and two aggregates achieved in under 10 minutes</li><li>Exceptional reproducibility with retention time RSD ≤ 0.08% and peak area RSD ≤ 0.01%</li><li>Clear detection at low levels with S/N ratios of 13, 75, and 10,917 for aggregates and monomer</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_separation_in_liraglutide_formulations_3_b0d97cd01f.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Aggregate and Monomer Separation in Liraglutide Formulations" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_separation_in_liraglutide_formulations_3_b0d97cd01f.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="938" height="307"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_separation_in_liraglutide_formulations_2_035bfea3bc.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Aggregate and Monomer Separation in Liraglutide Formulations" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_separation_in_liraglutide_formulations_2_035bfea3bc.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1700" height="1050"><h3>Biozen SEC Proprietary Silica Particle Technology</h3>The Biozen dSEC columns are packed with low pore volume silica coupled with a proprietary hydrophilic diol-type bonded surface chemistry that prevents the silica surface from interacting with protein samples.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Biozen_SEC_Proprietary_Silica_Particle_Technology_502218b910.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Biozen SEC Proprietary Silica Particle Technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Biozen_SEC_Proprietary_Silica_Particle_Technology_502218b910.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1448" height="469"><h4>Improved Column Lifetime and Performance Stability</h4>Phenomenex’s optimized SEC column loading technology has significantly improved the overall packing density and silica distribution of the columns leading to improved chromatographic lifetime and stability.<h4>New Standard for Platform SEC Methods</h4>Whether IgG2 or IgG4 isotypes, bispecifics, or Fc-Fusions, dSEC-2 provides excellent separation and sample recovery for many different classes of antibodies and related recombinant proteins.<h3>Phenomenex Biozen Biologics LC Columns</h3>With a new titanium BioTi™ biocompatible hardware to minimize priming, four particle platforms for optimal versatility and nine particle chemistries to maximize selectivity and sensitivity, Biozen UHPLC/HPLC columns for protein analysis are seamlessly designed to bring peace of mind to your analysis of biologics through:<ul><li>Charge Variant Analysis</li><li>Aggregate Analysis</li><li>Peptide Mapping</li><li>Intact Mass Analysis</li><li>Intact and Subunit Analysis</li><li>Glycan Analysis</li><li>Peptide Quantitation</li><li>Drug Antibody Ratio (DAR)</li><li>Oligonucleotide Characterization</li></ul><h3>Biocompatible Flow Path with BioTi™ Hardware</h3>Keep your mind at ease knowing that we’ve minimized the need for priming with a new titanium infused biocompatible hardware and frit that doesn’t interfere with protein or peptide integrity!<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Bio_Ti_Hardware_991fb53395.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: BioTi Hardware" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Bio_Ti_Hardware_991fb53395.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1378" height="426"><h3>4 Advanced Particle Platforms</h3>All four of the Biozen particle platforms were individually designed and built by Phenomenex to take advantage of integral levels of performance, ruggedness, and reproducibility for protein characterization applications. Individually, each platform differs in the proprietary processing techniques used to control particle size and morphology.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Advanced_Particle_Platforms_a0959aca03.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Advanced Particle Platforms" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Advanced_Particle_Platforms_a0959aca03.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1439" height="868">

Phenomenex Rezex RHM-Monosaccharide H+ (8%) IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex RHM-Monosaccharide H⁺ (8%) is a versatile ion-exclusion HPLC column for monosaccharides and related compounds, typically operated with water as the mobile phase and compliant with USP L17.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex RHM-Monosaccharide H+ (8%) Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>8% cross-linked hydrogen</li><li>For use with monosaccharides in combination with organic acids, fatty acids, alcohols, ketones, neutral compounds, or inorganic salts</li><li>Versatile column, generally run with a mobile phase of deionized water</li><li>USP L17</li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00H-0132-K0</li><li>Ionic Form: Hydrogen</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 300 x 7.8 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 8 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 8</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: 35,000</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 275</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 1,000</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 1.0</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: Water</li><li>pH Range: 1-8</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03B-0132-K0</li></ul><h4>Cleaning, Regeneration and Storage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h4><ul><li>Organic Modifiers (Max): 5 % Methanol, IPA, EtOH</li><li>Inorganic Modifiers: 5 % HNO3, H3PO4</li><li>Avoid: Acids, Bases, Salts or Metal Ions, &gt; 30 % Acetonitrile</li><li>Cleaning Solvent: 100 % Water</li><li>Flow Rate(mL/min): 0.4</li><li>Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Duration (hrs): 12</li><li>Regeneration Solvent: 0.025 M H2SO4</li><li>Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.2</li><li>Duration (hrs): 4-16</li><li>Ship/Storage Solvent: Water</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Phase: RHM-Monosaccharide (L17 USP packing)*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Description: 8 % cross-linked HYDROGEN</li><li>Applications: Monosaccharides in combination with organic acids, fatty acids, alcohols, ketones, neutral compounds, or inorganic salts</li><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: HPX-87H (125-0140)</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: Supelcogel (C-610H &amp; H)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: ICSep (ION-300)</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: Carbomix H</li></ul>

Phenomenex Rezex RNM-Carbohydrate Na+ IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex RNM-Carbohydrate Na⁺ (8%) is an ion-exclusion HPLC column designed for mono-, di-, and trisaccharide analysis in high-sodium matrices, offering easy regeneration and USP L58 compliance.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex RNM-Carbohydrate Na+ Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>8% cross-linked sodium</li><li>For the analysis of matrices containing high concentrations of inorganic sodium (e.g. molasses)</li><li>Analysis of mono-, di-, and tri- saccharides</li><li>Easy to regenerate the original ionic strength</li><li>USP L58</li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00H-0136-K0</li><li>Ionic Form: Sodium</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 300 x 7.8 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 8 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 8</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: 30,000</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 170</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 1,000</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 1.0</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: Water</li><li>pH Range: Neutral</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03B-0136-K0</li></ul><h4>Cleaning, Regeneration and Storage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h4><ul><li>Organic Modifiers (Max): 5 % Methanol, IPA, EtOH</li><li>Inorganic Modifiers: 5 % Sodium Salts</li><li>Avoid: Acids, Bases, Non-Sodium Salts or Metal Ions, &gt; 30 % Acetonitrile</li><li>Cleaning Solvent: 100 % Water</li><li>Flow Rate(mL/min): 0.4</li><li>Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Duration (hrs): 12</li><li>Regeneration Solvent: 0.1 M NaNO3</li><li>Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.2</li><li>Duration (hrs): 4-16</li><li>Ship/Storage Solvent: Water</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Phase: RHM-Carbohydrate (USP L58 packing)</li><li>Description: 8 % cross-linked SODIUM</li><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: HPX-87N (125-0143)</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: N/A</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: N/A</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: Carbomix Na</li></ul>

Phenomenex Rezex RPM-Monosaccharide Pb+2 IEX HPLC Columns

Phenomenex Rezex RPM-Monosaccharide Pb²⁺ (8%) IEX HPLC column is designed for high-resolution analysis of monosaccharides and sugar alcohols, offering robust separations using water as the mobile phase and USP L34 compliance.

<h4>Key Features of the Phenomenex Rezex RPM-Monosaccharide Pb+2 IEX HPLC Columns:</h4><ul><li>8% cross-linked lead</li><li>Ideal for monosaccharide and sugar alcohol analysis</li><li>For separations of cellobiose, glucose, xylose, arabinose, and mannose and other cellulose products</li><li>100 x 7.8 mm dimensions available for sugar alcohol analysis according to the USP procedure &nbsp;</li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00H-0135-K0</li><li>Ionic Form: Lead</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 300 x 7.8 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 8 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 8</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: 35,000</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 190</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 1,000</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 1.0</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: Water</li><li>pH Range: Neutral</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03B-0135-K0</li></ul><h4>Cleaning, Regeneration and Storage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h4><ul><li>Organic Modifiers (Max): 5 % Lead Nitrile</li><li>Inorganic Modifiers: 5% Methanol, IPA, EtOH</li><li>Avoid: Acids, Bases, Non-Lead Salts or Metal Ions, &gt; 30 % Acetonitrile</li><li>Cleaning Solvent: 100 % Water</li><li>Flow Rate(mL/min): 0.4</li><li>Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Duration (hrs): 12</li><li>Regeneration Solvent: 0.1 M Pb(NO3)2</li><li>Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.2</li><li>Duration (hrs): 4-16</li><li>Ship/Storage Solvent: Water</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Phase: RPM-Monosaccharide (USP L34 packing)</li><li>Description: 8 % cross-linked LEAD</li><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: HPX-87P (125-0098)</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: Supelcogel Pb</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: CARBOSep COREGEL-87P</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: Carbomix Pb</li></ul>

Phenomenex Rezex ROA-Organic Acid H+ (8%) IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex ROA-Organic Acid H⁺ (8%) is an ion-exclusion HPLC column for simultaneous analysis of organic acids, sugars, and alcohols, ideal for bioethanol fermentation monitoring in a single run.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex ROA-Organic Acid H+ (8%) Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>8% cross-linked hydrogen</li><li>For use with organic acids in combination with carbohydrates, alcohols, fatty acids, neutral compounds; amino sugars</li><li>Uniquely suited to monitor starches, sugars, organic acids, and ethanol in one run for bioethanol fermentation analysis</li><li>Applications<ul><li>Organic acids in combination with carbohydrates, alcohols, fatty acids, or neutral compounds</li><li>Ethanol, acetic acid, glycerol, and standard alcohol mixtures</li><li>Amino sugars</li></ul></li><li>Achieve excellent base line separation between Dp3 and Dp4+</li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00H-0138-K0</li><li>Ionic Form: Hydrogen</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 300 x 7.8 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 8 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 8</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: 50,000</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 580</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 1,000</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 1.0</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: 0.005 N H2SO4</li><li>pH Range: 1-8</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03B-0138-K0</li></ul><h4>Cleaning, Regeneration and Storage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h4><ul><li>Organic Modifiers (Max): 5 % Methanol, IPA, EtOH</li><li>Inorganic Modifiers: 5 % HNO3, H3PO4</li><li>Avoid: Acids, Bases, Salts or Metal Ions, pH &gt; 3, &gt; 30 % Acetonitrile</li><li>Cleaning Solvent: 100 % Water</li><li>Flow Rate(mL/min): 0.4</li><li>Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Duration (hrs): 12</li><li>Regeneration Solvent: 0.025 M H2SO4</li><li>Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.2</li><li>Duration (hrs): 4-16</li><li>Ship/Storage Solvent: 0.005 M H2SO4</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: HPX-87H (125-0140)</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: Supelcogel (C-610H &amp; H)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: N/A</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: N/A</li></ul>

Phenomenex Rezex RFQ-Fast Acid H+ (8%) IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex RFQ-Fast Acid H⁺ (8%) is an ion-exclusion HPLC column designed for rapid food quality screening, delivering separation of ethanol, organic acids, and alcohols in under 5 minutes.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex RFQ-Fast Acid H+ (8%) Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>8% cross-linked hydrogen</li><li>Rapid screening of food quality; ethanol, acetic acid, glycerol, and standard alcohol mixtures</li><li>Analytes are routinely chromatographed under 5 minutes!</li><li>Applications<ul><li>Rapid screening of fruit quality</li><li>Ethanol, acetic acid, glycerol and standard alcohol mixtures</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00H-0223-K0</li><li>Ionic Form: Hydrogen</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 100 x 7.8 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 8 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 8</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: 30,000</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 365</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 1,000</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 1.0</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: 0.005 N H2SO4</li><li>pH Range: 1-8</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03B-0223-K0</li></ul><h4>Cleaning, Regeneration and Storage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h4><ul><li>Organic Modifiers (Max): 5 % Methanol, IPA, EtOH</li><li>Inorganic Modifiers: 5 % HNO3, H3PO4</li><li>Avoid: Acids, Bases, Salts or Metal Ions, pH &gt; 3, &gt; 30 % Acetonitrile</li><li>Cleaning Solvent: 100 % Water</li><li>Flow Rate(mL/min): 0.4</li><li>Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Duration (hrs): 12</li><li>Regeneration Solvent: 0.025 M H2SO4</li><li>Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.2</li><li>Duration (hrs): 4-16</li><li>Ship/Storage Solvent: 0.005 M H2SO4</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: Fast Acid 125-0100&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: N/A</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: N/A</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: N/A</li></ul>

Phenomenex Rezex RNO-Oligosaccharide Na+ (4%) IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex RNO-Oligosaccharide Na⁺ (4%) is an ion-exclusion HPLC column designed for high-resolution separation of oligosaccharides, using water as the mobile phase and optimized for gentle, low-pressure operation.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex RNO-Oligosaccharide Na+ (4%) Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>4% cross-linked sodium</li><li>High resolution of oligosaccharides</li><li>Particle Size: 12</li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00P-0137-N0</li><li>Ionic Form: Sodium</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 200 x 10 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 4 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 12</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: N/A</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 130</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 300</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.3</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: Water</li><li>pH Range: Neutral</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03R-0137-N0</li></ul><h4>Cleaning, Regeneration and Storage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h4><ul><li>Organic Modifiers (Max): 5 % Methanol, IPA, EtOH</li><li>Inorganic Modifiers: 5 % Sodium Salts</li><li>Avoid: Acids, Bases, Non-Sodium Salts or Metal Ions, &gt; 30 % Acetonitrile</li><li>Cleaning Solvent: 100 % Water</li><li>Flow Rate(mL/min): 0.1</li><li>Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Duration (hrs): 12</li><li>Regeneration Solvent: 0.1 M NaNO3</li><li>Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.2</li><li>Duration (hrs): 4-16</li><li>Ship/Storage Solvent: Water</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: N/A</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: N/A</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: CARBOSep (COREGEL-87N)</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: N/A</li></ul>

Phenomenex Rezex RSO-Oligosaccharide Ag+ (4%) IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex RSO-Oligosaccharide Ag⁺ (4%) is an ion-exclusion HPLC column delivering high-resolution separation of oligosaccharides up to DP18, using silver-based selectivity and a water mobile phase.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex RSO-Oligosaccharide Ag+ (4%) Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>4% cross-linked silver</li><li>High resolution of oligosaccharides up to 18 degrees of polymerization (Dp)</li><li>Particle Size: 12</li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00P-0133-N0</li><li>Ionic Form: Silver</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 200 x 10 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 4 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 12</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: N/A</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 115</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 300</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.3</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: Water</li><li>pH Range: Neutral</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03R-0133-N0</li></ul><h4>Cleaning, Regeneration and Storage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h4><ul><li>Organic Modifiers (Max): 5 % Methanol, IPA, EtOH</li><li>Inorganic Modifiers: 5 % Silver Nitrate</li><li>Avoid: Acids, Bases, Non-Silver Salts or Metal Ions, &gt; 30 % Acetonitrile</li><li>Cleaning Solvent: 100 % Water</li><li>Flow Rate(mL/min): 0.1</li><li>Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Duration (hrs): 12</li><li>Regeneration Solvent: 0.1 M AgNO3</li><li>Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.1</li><li>Duration (hrs): 4-16</li><li>Ship/Storage Solvent: Water</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: HPX-42A (125-0097)</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: Supelcogel (AG1 &amp; AG2)</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: N/A</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: N/A</li></ul>

Phenomenex Rezex RKP-Potassium K+ (8%) IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex RKP-Potassium K⁺ (8%) is an ion-exclusion HPLC column designed for the analysis of glyphosate, using potassium form chemistry and an 8% cross-linked resin for reliable separations.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex RKP-Potassium K+ (8%) Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>8% cross-linked potassium</li><li>Analysis of glyphosate</li><li>Particle Size: 8</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: HPX-87K (125-0142)</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: Supelcogel K</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: CARBOSep (COREGEL-87K)</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: Carbomix K</li></ul>

Phenomenex Luna Omega HILIC HPLC Columns

Phenomenex Luna Omega HILIC combines a bonded diol phase with fully porous particles for superior retention and selectivity of polar analytes in HILIC applications.

Luna Omega HILIC columns combine thermally modified fully porous particles with a bonded diol stationary phase to provide enhanced retention and selectivity for polar analytes under HILIC conditions. Designed for small polar molecules, metabolites, nucleobases, pharmaceuticals, and other challenging compounds, these columns deliver excellent chromatographic performance and robustness.The diol stationary phase provides multiple interaction mechanisms that improve retention and separation of polar compounds while maintaining excellent peak shape and reproducibility. The thermally modified fully porous particles extend column lifetime and ensure reliable performance across demanding analytical workflows.<h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>Stationary Phase</h4><ul><li>Phase: Diol</li><li>USP Classification: L20</li></ul><h4>Particle Characteristics</h4><ul><li>Particle Sizes:<ul><li>1.6 µm</li><li>3 µm</li></ul></li><li>Pore Size: 100 Å</li><li>Surface Area: 260 m²/g</li><li>Carbon Load: 5 %</li></ul><h4>Chemical Properties</h4><ul><li>pH Range: 2.0–7.0</li><li>Maximum Pressure: 1034 bar (15,000 psi)</li></ul><h4>Available Dimensions</h4><ul><li>Lengths:<ul><li>50 mm</li><li>100 mm</li><li>150 mm</li><li>250 mm</li></ul></li><li>Internal Diameters:<ul><li>2.1 mm</li><li>3.0 mm</li><li>4.6 mm</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Typical Applications</h4><ul><li>HILIC separations</li><li>Nucleobases</li><li>Nucleotides</li><li>Metabolomics</li><li>Pharmaceutical analysis</li><li>Bioanalytical workflows</li><li>Food analysis</li><li>Environmental testing</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Luna_Omegs_HILIC_b02079eee2.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Separation of Nucleobases with Luna Omega 3μm HILIC. 1. Thymine 2. Uracil 3. Adenine 4. Cytosine 5. Guanine" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Luna_Omegs_HILIC_b02079eee2.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1284" height="648"><h3>Phenomenex Luna Omega HPLC/UHPLC Columns</h3>The cutting edge thermally modified Luna Omega particle delivers high efficiency, ruggedness, reproducibility, and dependability for a wide range of chromatographic analyses. Luna Omega HPLC and UHPLC columns are built upon more then 20 years of applied knowledge, invention, and customer experience in the manufacture and packing of LC columns. The particle’s novel design and proprietary manufacturing process results in greater particle inertness, a stronger particle morphology, and more consistent porosity.<ul><li>Greater separation muscle and retention</li><li>Consistent porous structure and elimination of micropores</li><li>Extreme ruggedness and reproducibility</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Thermal_modified_pore_structure_of_Luna_Omega_Column_particles_37138bb135.jpg" alt="Phenomenex:Thermal modified pore structure of Luna Omega Column particles" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Thermal_modified_pore_structure_of_Luna_Omega_Column_particles_37138bb135.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1257" height="369"><h3>Explore Luna Omega Columns</h3><h5>Astounding Performance</h5>The undeniably high efficiency levels found in each Luna Omega UHPLC column provide you with the potential of huge gains in method performance. While traditional silica and hybrid fully porous particles claim high performance, when compared to Luna Omega 1.6 μm, they drastically fall short and prevent UHPLC scientists from reaching their UHPLC potential.<h5>Separation Muscle</h5>Our industry leading bonding technologies in conjunction with high efficiency levels ensure excellent stationary phase coverage and improved separation power. Now, with Luna Omega 1.6 μm, you can turn difficult separations into resolution achievements.<h5>Inert Foundation</h5>Luna Omega UHPLC columns contain a unique silica modified using a proprietary, post-synthetic thermal treatment process to provide extraordinary mechanical strength and significantly greater inertness than traditional fully porous and hybrid materials. This greatly minimizes secondary interactions that negatively affect peak shape, allowing for greater method accuracy.<h5>Consistent Results</h5>Batch-to-batch and column-to-column, Luna® Omega media and columns are designed to be consistent and incredibly accurate tools for your analysis. Each batch and column are quality tested to ensure dependability and reproducibility.

Products focused on LC columns from Phenomenex - page 1

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