Scientists at IOCB Prague are uncovering new details of gene transcription. They have identified a previously unknown molecular mechanism by which the transcription of genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into ribonucleic acid (RNA) can be initiated. The researchers focused on a specific class of molecules known as alarmones, which are found in cells across a wide range of organisms and whose levels often increase under conditions of cellular stress. The results were published in the prestigious scientific journal Nature Chemical Biology.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_bc2bfffa6c.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague/Tomáš Belloň: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: Dr. Hana Cahová, head of the Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids research group." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_bc2bfffa6c.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1335"><div>Molecules of ribonucleic acid can carry a variety of chemical modifications at one end, known as caps. In eukaryotic organisms, including human cells, the best-known cap plays an important role in RNA stability and in regulating its subsequent fate. In recent years, however, it has become clear that alternative, non-canonical RNA caps also exist, although their formation and the mechanisms by which they are attached to RNA remain only partially understood. These include alarmone caps, formed by dinucleoside polyphosphate molecules, that protect cellular RNA at moments when the cell is under threat.In their study, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://cahova.group.uochb.cz/en">Dr. Hana Cahová</a> and colleagues examined bacterial RNA polymerase and investigated how this enzyme can initiate transcription using dinucleoside polyphosphates (NpNs) instead of the standard RNA building blocks. For the first time, the scientists described, at the atomic level, how RNA bearing an alarmone cap can be generated directly at the initiation of gene transcription. They also observed that NpNs bind through a different type of base pairing than is typically observed.The work was significantly shaped by Valentina Serianni from Hana Cahová’s team, who demonstrated the ability of dinucleoside polyphosphates to initiate gene transcription, and by Jana Škerlová, who focused on the structural analysis of RNA polymerase. Using cryogenic electron microscopy data, she showed how dinucleoside polyphosphate molecules bind within the active site of RNA polymerase – that is, the core of the enzyme where genetic information is transcribed. Together, their findings help to elucidate the processes that accompany the transcription of genetic information from DNA to RNA.Hana Cahová adds: “We’re describing something that truly occurs in cells and that we’re now able to observe directly at the level of individual molecules. This allows us to answer fundamental questions about cellular processes, such as how cells adapt to stress. RNA plays a central role in this, as it carries the cascade of information underlying any cellular response – for example, to threatening conditions caused by nutrient deprivation or temperature shock.”<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_2_0fe88ff9e9.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague/Tomáš Belloň: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: Dr. Tomáš Kouba, head of the Cryogenic Electron Microscopy core facility." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_2_0fe88ff9e9.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1335"><div>Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) was central to the project. This part of the work was led by Dr. Tomáš Kouba, one of the authors of the study. “Cryogenic electron microscopy allows us to freeze biological molecules in a state very close to their natural form and then determine their three-dimensional structure. This makes it possible to look directly into the active centers of enzymes and observe their function down to the atomic level,” he explains.Last year, IOCB Prague opened a new <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://cryoem.group.uochb.cz/en">cryo-EM center</a> that is unique within the Czech research environment. State-of-the-art cryogenic electron microscopes are housed in a specially designed building and enable the study of biological processes with exceptional structural precision.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_3_4d881e7a58.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: This work shows how NpnNs initiate bacterial transcription. Cryo-EM reveals how nucleobases pair with the template: one in canonical and one in reverse Watson–Crick mode, providing a structural basis for their function as non-canonical RNA caps." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_3_4d881e7a58.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1077"><blockquote><h4>The Original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41589-025-02134-5">Molecular insight into 5′ RNA capping with NpnNs by bacterial RNA polymerase</a></h4>Valentina M. Serianni, Jana Škerlová, Anna Knopp Dubánková, Anton Škríba, Hana Šváchová, Tereza Vučková, Anatolij Filimoněnko, Milan Fábry, Pavlína Řezáčová, Tomáš Kouba &amp; Hana Cahova&nbsp;Nat. Chem. Biol. 21 (2026)<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-025-02134-5">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-025-02134-5</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>RNA capped with dinucleoside polyphosphates has been discovered in bacteria and eukaryotes only recently. The likely mechanism of this specific capping involves direct incorporation of dinucleoside polyphosphates by RNA polymerase as noncanonical initiating nucleotides. However, how these compounds bind into the active site of RNA polymerase during transcription initiation is unknown. Here, we explored transcription initiation in vitro, using a series of DNA templates in combination with dinucleoside polyphosphates and model RNA polymerase from Thermus thermophilus. We observed that the transcription start site can vary on the basis of the compatibility of the specific template and dinucleoside polyphosphate. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of transcription initiation complexes with dinucleoside polyphosphates revealed that both nucleobase moieties can pair with the DNA template. The first encoded nucleotide pairs in a canonical Watson–Crick manner, whereas the second nucleobase pairs noncanonically in a reverse Watson–Crick manner. Our work provides a structural explanation of how dinucleoside polyphosphates initiate RNA transcription.</div></div>

Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription

Food adulteration is a phenomenon with a long history that has gained increasing importance in recent years due to the globalization of food supply chains and strong economic pressures. Whether it involves diluting olive oil with cheaper oils, adding sugar to honey, or the hidden use of substitutes in protein supplements, the result is a loss of consumer trust and, in some cases, a potential risk to health. Analytical chemistry plays a key role in this area by providing methods and technologies capable of identifying and quantifying target compounds as well as unwanted impurities in a wide range of food matrices.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Praha_Falsovani_potravin_a_jak_ho_odhali_analyticka_chemie_6912db5492.jpg" alt="Watrex: Food Adulteration and How It Is Revealed by Analytical Chemistry" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Praha_Falsovani_potravin_a_jak_ho_odhali_analyticka_chemie_6912db5492.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="900"><h4>The Role of Chromatography in Forensic Food Analysis</h4>Chromatography, particularly liquid chromatography (HPLC), is one of the most effective analytical tools for separating complex mixtures of molecules. It enables:<ul><li>qualitative identification of individual components in a sample,</li><li>quantitative determination of their concentrations,</li><li>detection of impurities and unexpected components that may indicate adulteration.</li></ul>In practice, HPLC is often combined with various types of detectors (UV/VIS, DAD, refractive index detectors) or with other techniques (e.g., mass spectrometry) to increase selectivity and sensitivity.<h4>Isocratic vs. Gradient Elution</h4>In the analysis of food samples, chromatographic methods are selected according to the analytical goal:<ul><li>Isocratic HPLC uses a constant mobile phase composition throughout the analysis. It is simple, robust, and ideal for routine determinations of well-defined target analytes (e.g., sugars or vitamins).</li><li>Gradient HPLC changes the mobile phase composition during separation, enabling better resolution of complex mixtures with a wide range of polarities (e.g., peptides or phenolic compounds).</li></ul>Gradient methods are particularly useful when analytes have very different properties and high separation efficiency is required.<h4>Watrex Praha and the Contribution of Modern Systems to Food Analysis</h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky_HPLCsystemy">Watrex Praha, s.r.o.</a> is one of the leading Czech manufacturers and distributors of liquid chromatography systems and instruments, with a long tradition dating back to 1990. The company has successfully transformed from a distributor into a manufacturer of its own HPLC and related technologies, focusing on modular, robust systems suitable even for demanding analytical tasks.Their <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?manufacturerItems=93&amp;search=streamline">Streamline™ product line</a> includes several HPLC system concepts suitable for food analysis:<ul><li>Isocratic HPLC system – a simple yet precise configuration with a single pump, column thermostat, and UV/VIS detector; suitable for routine determination of known analytes (e.g., basic carbohydrates, food additives).</li><li>Binary gradient HPLC system – equipped with two pumps enabling mobile phase gradient formation, which enhances separation performance for complex mixtures (e.g., phenolic profiles of wine, components of aromatic extracts).</li><li>GPC/SEC system (Gel Permeation / Size Exclusion Chromatography) – a specialized solution for the determination of macromolecules and polymers, also relevant for the analysis of high-molecular-weight components in foods (e.g., polysaccharides).</li></ul><blockquote>👉<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_catalog_2024_ba97395f92.pdf">Product catalogue HERE</a></blockquote>Thanks to the modular nature of these systems, analysts can easily adapt the configuration to a specific analytical problem, from simple routine analyses to complex characterization of food samples.<h4>Practical Examples of Adulteration Revealed by HPLC</h4><ul><li>Detection of olive oil dilution: HPLC can separate and quantify characteristic triacylglycerols and fatty acids; unusual patterns indicate the presence of cheaper oils.</li><li>Estimation of sugar addition in honey: Isocratic HPLC with a refractive index detector can determine sugar profiles (glucose, fructose, sucrose), revealing dilution or the addition of sugar syrups.</li><li>Identification of aromatic adulterants in wine: Gradient HPLC with a PDA detector can reveal phenolic and aromatic profiles that are altered by the addition of synthetic compounds.</li></ul><h4>Conclusion</h4>Food adulteration remains a current issue that requires reliable and sensitive analytical methods. Liquid chromatography, and in particular modern HPLC systems, represent one of the most powerful tools for detecting unwanted additives, impurities, and unexpected components in complex food samples. Manufacturers such as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky_HPLCsystemy">Watrex Praha</a> provide flexible chromatographic platforms covering a wide range of analytical tasks from simple isocratic to advanced gradient and GPC/SEC applications thereby supporting analysts in ensuring food quality and consumer protection.<blockquote>Did you find this article interesting? Follow <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky_HPLCsystemy">Watrex Praha</a> on their social media (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/watrex/?viewAsMember=true">LinkedIn</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/WatrexPrague">Facebook</a>) for more engaging topics.</blockquote>

Food Adulteration and How It Is Revealed by Analytical Chemistry

Join us for a fascinating conversation with Dr. Subhoja Chakraborty from the University of Central Florida, whose cutting-edge research targets the global challenge of malaria drug resistance. Dr. Chakraborty shares her journey from structure-based drug design during her PhD to her recent collaborative work repurposing human kinase inhibitors as rapid, selective antimalarials against drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains.<h4>In this episode, you'll learn:</h4><ul><li>How structure-guided approaches reveal potential drug targets, including cysteine proteases like falcipain-2, and kinases implicated in malaria's complex life cycle.</li><li>The power of repurposing kinase inhibitors originally developed for cancer and other diseases, focusing on compound 12, which blocks hemozoin formation and protein kinase 6—key steps in parasite survival.</li><li>Lab techniques such as affinity, gel filtration, and size exclusion chromatography for recombinant protein purification—and how troubleshooting is crucial for high-yield, stable complexes.</li><li>Advances in mass spectrometry for characterizing protein interactions, validating drug targets, and mapping molecular pathways pivotal to malaria therapeutics.</li><li>Tips and lessons for new researchers facing the challenges of sample preparation, complex protocols, and working as part of a collaborative team.</li></ul>Dr. Chakraborty’s insights bridge the gap between basic science and translational drug discovery, offering hope for more effective, targeted malaria treatments in a world where resistance to frontline therapies threatens millions.<h4>Referenced Papers:</h4><ul><li>"Plasmodium falciparum protein kinase 6 and hemozoin formation are inhibited by a type II human kinase inhibitor exhibiting antimalarial activity" (Cell Chemical Biology, 2025)</li><li>"New insights of falcipain 2 structure from Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain" (BBRC, 2022)</li><li>"Structure-Based Optimization of Protease−Inhibitor Interactions to Enhance Specificity of Human Stefin‑A against Falcipain‑2 from the Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 Strain" (Biochemistry, 2023)</li></ul>If you’re a student, scientist, or simply passionate about advances in infectious disease research, this episode offers actionable insights, inspiring advice, and a front-row seat to innovation in combating malaria.<h3>Video Transcription</h3><h4>From Structural Biology to Drug Discovery: Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry in Malaria Research</h4><h5>Introduction</h5>In this discussion, Subhoja shares insights into her research journey, focusing on malaria drug discovery and the role of modern analytical techniques in biological and biomedical research. The conversation is aimed primarily at undergraduate students and early-career researchers interested in chemistry, biotechnology, and life sciences.<h5>Research Focus: Malaria Drug Discovery and Kinase Targets</h5>Subhoja is currently involved in malaria drug discovery research at the University of Central Florida, where she has been working since beginning her postdoctoral position two years ago. Her earlier PhD research focused on structure-based drug design in malaria, using a combination of in silico approaches, recombinant protein expression, and X-ray crystallography to determine precise three-dimensional structures of target proteins and their inhibitors.This structural perspective provided a foundation for her current work, which centers on drug discovery through compound screening and repurposing. A recent publication from her laboratory explores the use of repurposed mammalian CDK-like kinase inhibitors as potential antimalarial agents. While such kinase inhibitors are well known in cancer and cardiovascular research, their application to malaria targets represents a novel and promising approach.Kinases are attractive drug targets because of their central role in cell signaling and growth pathways. By targeting specific kinases involved in different stages of the malaria parasite life cycle—whether asexual growth, gametocytogenesis, or differentiation—it may be possible to significantly inhibit parasite growth and progression.<h5>Chromatography in Protein Expression and Purification Workflows</h5>Chromatography plays a critical role throughout Subhoja’s research. Her experience spans from basic chromatography techniques during her early training to advanced protein purification workflows using affinity chromatography, gel filtration (size exclusion chromatography), and ion exchange chromatography.Recombinant proteins are routinely purified using affinity resins such as nickel or cobalt, followed by further purification to remove contaminants. Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) enables compact, stepwise purification workflows suitable for producing proteins for in vitro assays.A recurring challenge in this process is the expression of high-molecular-weight proteins, which often accumulate in insoluble fractions or inclusion bodies. Careful selection of expression vectors, host systems, and induction conditions is therefore essential to maximize yield and solubility.<h5>Integrating Size Exclusion Chromatography into the Workflow</h5>Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is typically used after affinity purification to further improve protein purity. Following elution with imidazole or glutathione, desalting is required to prevent buffer components from interfering with downstream assays. This is often achieved using desalting columns such as G-25 or PD-10.To remove lower-molecular-weight contaminants, finer SEC media—such as Superdex or Sephacryl columns—are employed. Concentration steps using molecular-weight cut-off filters are then applied to obtain the desired protein concentration for functional studies.These iterative purification and troubleshooting steps are a routine part of protein biochemistry and reflect the importance of methodical optimization and careful validation.<h5>The Role of Mass Spectrometry in Biomolecular Characterization</h5>Mass spectrometry is a key analytical tool in Subhoja’s research pipeline, particularly for target identification and validation. In both malaria and cancer research, MS is used alongside chromatography, immunoprecipitation, and pull-down assays to study protein interactions and molecular recognition events.Affinity-based mass spectrometry enables the identification of binding partners and interactors, whether studying proteins, long non-coding RNAs, or protein complexes. Techniques such as native MS, tandem affinity purification, and proximity labeling (e.g., TurboID-based workflows) provide deeper insights into molecular networks and signaling pathways.These approaches are essential for understanding how candidate drug targets function within complex biological systems.<h5>Sample Preparation Challenges in Biological Research</h5>Sample preparation remains one of the most challenging aspects of biological experimentation. Whole-cell lysates contain proteases, nucleases, and other components that can rapidly degrade target molecules. Preventing degradation requires minimizing preparation time, maintaining low temperatures, and using appropriate inhibitor cocktails.Reproducibility is also critical: biological experiments require multiple replicates, and variability is often unavoidable. Careful handling, protocol optimization, and continuous troubleshooting are essential to ensure reliable results, whether preparing samples for chromatography, mass spectrometry, sequencing, or immunoprecipitation.<h5>Advances in Chromatography and MS for Malaria Research</h5>Modern advances in chromatography and mass spectrometry significantly enhance malaria research by enabling precise target identification, quantification, and functional characterization. Drug discovery workflows begin with construct design and recombinant expression, followed by purification and interaction studies.In malaria research, stage-specific parasite biology requires careful extraction and analysis of proteins from different life cycle stages. Tandem affinity MS, immunoprecipitation, and in vivo validation studies help confirm target relevance and therapeutic potential.Recent work on repurposed kinase inhibitors has shown promising results, including inhibition of hemozoin formation—a key detoxification pathway for the malaria parasite—highlighting the potential of such compounds for further development.<h5>Malaria, Drug Resistance, and Global Impact</h5>Malaria remains a major global health burden, with over 600,000 deaths annually and widespread drug resistance complicating treatment. Artemisinin resistance, particularly associated with mutations in the K13 propeller domain, has driven the search for new targets and therapies.During her PhD, Subhoja focused on falcipain-2, a cysteine protease involved in hemoglobin degradation within the parasite. This pathway is critical for parasite survival and has emerged as a promising drug target. Her work revealed that falcipain-2 operates within a larger protein complex responsible for hemoglobin processing and amino acid release.Understanding these molecular mechanisms is essential for developing robust, stage-specific antimalarial strategies.<h5>Advice for Early-Career Researchers</h5>For researchers just starting out, Subhoja emphasizes the importance of hands-on experience. Working directly with cells, lysates, and analytical tools is essential for truly understanding experimental systems. Failure is an inherent part of research, and perseverance is key.Motivation, teamwork, careful sample handling, and thorough preparation all contribute to long-term success. Reading extensively, critically evaluating one’s own work, and appreciating incremental progress are vital aspects of a sustainable research career.Every successful experiment—no matter how small—represents meaningful progress and contributes to the broader goals of science and medicine.<h5>Closing Remarks</h5>The discussion highlights how interdisciplinary approaches combining chromatography, mass spectrometry, structural biology, and biochemistry are driving advances in malaria drug discovery. Through careful experimental design, analytical rigor, and collaborative teamwork, researchers can address complex biological challenges and contribute to global health solutions.<blockquote>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</blockquote><blockquote><h4>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</h4>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!You can find Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast in podcast apps:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL">Spotify</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185">Apple podcast</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography">podscan</a></li></ul>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos">YouTube channel</a></blockquote>

Affinity, Gel Filtration, Size Exclusion Chromatography: Repurposing Kinase Inhibitors for Malaria

Article

Product

Video

Scientists

Food

Interview

Science and research

The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague) is a leading scientific institution in the Czech Republic, recognized internationally. Its primary mission is basic research in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, organic and material oriented chemistry, chemistry of natural compounds, biochemistry and molecular biology, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. 

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

WATREX Prague is the distributor and producer of HPLC techniques in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Main Chromatografic and Related Techniques Supported: LC, GPC, IC, IEC, Automated SPE, LC Columns and special column packings, LC method development, Software development, Laboratory Robots.

Watrex Praha

Metrohm

Mettler-Toledo

Agilent Technologies

Phenomenex

SelectScience

C&EN

Waters Corporation

From beginner to expert, we can all benefit from a review of HPLC basics. In this two-part talk, we will work our way from basic chromatographic principles to advanced method development topics.
Method Development 102 will review and expand upon some of the 101 fundamentals as we cover advanced topics such as how to best transfer a method from one column dimension to another. We will explore reasons for why some methods are quite difficult to transfer to a different HPLC system. In addition, we will look at gradient method development and how to efficiently use a scouting gradient to quickly develop a good HPLC method.
<blockquote>
Presenter: Paul Altiero (Application Engineer, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)
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<blockquote>
Paul Altiero is an Applications Engineer located at the Agilent Little Falls site in Wilmington, DE. Prior to coming to Agilent in 2009, Paul worked in the pharmaceutical industry performing LCMS bioanalysis supporting Drug Discovery DMPK. While at Agilent, Paul has been a field service engineer for LCMS as well as the integrating program manager for the RapidFire high throughput LCMS system. In his current role Paul’s responsibilities include technical support and application assistance for LCMS consumables.
</blockquote>

Agilent Technologies: HPLC Method Development: From Beginner to Expert, Part 2

HPLC Method Development: From Beginner to Expert, Part 2

Basic chromatographic principles to advanced method development topics.

PhenoAcademy Webinars
 Liquid Chromatography Series
<h4>Measuring Peak Separation Quality</h4>
<ul>
<li>Discover the methodologies for calculating resolution, asymmetry, selectivity, and efficiency</li>
<li>Learn how to quantify the quality of a separation, along with a reference of what each value could and should be</li>
<li>Understand the physicochemical underpinnings of chromatographic separations</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Kevin Zhao (Senior Technical Specialist)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Kevin Zhao is the Senior Technical Specialist with Phenomenex and has 5 years of experience in biochemistry research; 4 years of Protein/Cancer research with CSULA-City of Hope Cancer Collaborative and over 9 years in Phenomenex. Mr. Zhao is a member of a global Technical Support Team which includes providing problem-solving, troubleshooting, and applications assistance for customers worldwide in the fields of chromatography (liquid and gas) and sample preparation, and also handling Industries supported include – pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical, clinical research and clinical toxicology, food safety, environmental, fuels and specialty chemicals. Mr. Zhao received his B.S. in Biology at the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona. earned his M.S. in Biochemistry at California State University, Los Angeles, and also earned a MBA at the University of the Incarnate Word.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Koen Askamp (Technical Specialist)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Koen is from the Netherlands, studied Molecular Life Sciences at Wageningen University (Netherlands), majoring in immunology. Analytical Chemistry was one of my favorite courses – who doesn’t love solving puzzles?
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
I like drumming, scuba diving, motorcycle-riding, and this past winter I learned how to ski (a little)!
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Namrata Saxena (Technical Manager)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Namrata Saxena is a Technical Manager - Asia/Pacific” with Phenomenex and is based in Sydney, Australia. She has a post graduate degree with a specialization in Analytical Chemistry, with extensive experience in the Liquid chromatography domain, and her current focus is in Omics and Biologics field. 
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Before joining Phenomenex she had worked as “Product Specialist” and spent several years in column chemistry, column manufacturing and method development in the application and manufacturing labs of Bischoff Chromatography, Germany. 
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
In her current role, she provides product selection, method development, training and troubleshooting support to customers as well as Phenomenex Sales Consultants globally. 
</blockquote>

Phenomenex: PhenoAcademy Webinars - Liquid Chromatography Series

Measuring Peak Separation Quality

Discover the methodologies for calculating resolution, asymmetry, selectivity, and efficiency

Along with gravimetry, titration is one of the oldest and most reliable quantitative analytical methods known. It is generally used as the primary reference method for other, mostly qualitative, analytical methods and it is indispensable for routine analysis in the laboratory.
In this webinar, Robert Tobler, Senior Application Specialist Titration at Metrohm International Headquarters, will give you an introduction to the basics of titration. After a brief excursion into the theory, Robert will demonstrate how to perform a titration step by step on a modern, automatic titrator with a photometric or an electrochemical sensor.
During a Q&amp;A session at the end of the webinar you can ask Robert any question you may have about titration. Join us on March 27; we are looking forward to welcoming you in this webinar!
<h5>Key learnings of this webinar:</h5>
<ul>
<li>The most important measuring modes for potentiometric titration and application examples from various industries</li>
<li>How to optimize your titration results for higher accuracy and better reproducibility</li>
<li>Common mistakes and how you can avoid them</li>
<li>How to properly handle and take care of your electrodes</li>
</ul>
<h5>Who should attend?</h5>
Lab technicians, chemists, and everybody else using titration for their routine analytics.
<blockquote>
Presenter: Robert Tobler (Senior Application Specialist Titration, Metrohm International Headquarters)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
After his apprenticeship as a chemical laboratory technician and further training as a biomedical analyst, Robert Tobler studied chemistry at the Zurich University of Applied Science in Waedenswil, Switzerland. He joined Metrohm in 2015 as an application specialist titration. Since then, Robert has become an expert in applied titration sharing his expertise through the global network of Metrohm subsidiaries.
</blockquote>

Metrohm - The Basics of Titration Demonstrated and Explained

The Basics of Titration Demonstrated and Explained

Introduction to the basics of titration and performing a titration step by step on a modern, automatic titrator with a photometric or an electrochemical sensor.

Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC), is a powerful analytical technique for macromolecule-related research and applications. GPC/SEC plays a pivotal role in the chemical industry, offering insights into the molecular weight distribution of polymers.
In this webinar, our expert speakers will outline basic theory and the principle of method development, and will provide a practical guide on column selection. Furthermore, the presentation will also discuss the limitations of GPC/SEC and the factors contributing to abnormal size exclusion behaviors using real industrial application examples.
Join us as we navigate the world of GPC/SEC, shedding light on its principles, practices, and its indispensable role in polymer research in industry.
Key learning objectives
<ul>
<li>Learn about basic theory of GPC/SEC</li>
<li>Explore the principle of GPC method development</li>
<li>Discover GPC/SEC column selection</li>
<li>Consider the limitations of GPC/SEC</li>
</ul>
Who should attend?
<ul>
<li>Polymer scientists</li>
<li>Food scientists</li>
<li>Environmental scientists</li>
<li>Pharma/biopharma researchers</li>
<li>Principle investigators</li>
<li>Laboratory managers and technicians/technologists</li>
</ul>
<h4>View other webinars in this series here:</h4>
<ul>
<li>Part 2: <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/3691">Detection in Gel Permeation Chromatography /Size Exclusion Chromatography</a>
</li>
<li>Part 3: <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/3692">Characterization of Macromolecules by SEC-Light Scattering</a>
</li>
<li>Part 4: <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/3693">Concepts, Challenges and Applications for 2D-LC of Polymers</a>
</li>
</ul>
Certificate of attendance
All webinar participants can request a certificate of attendance, including a learning outcomes summary, for continuing education purposes.
<blockquote>
Presenter: Adrian Williams (Product Marketing, GPC/SEC Consumables, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Adrian Williams holds a BSc (Hons) degree in Applied Chemistry from Wolverhampton University, UK. He currently works in Product Marketing for GPC/SEC consumables at Agilent Technologies. Prior to this, he worked at Polymer Standards Service (PSS) GmbH in Mainz, Germany (now a part of Agilent Technologies) for 12 years. He also worked at Polymer Laboratories Ltd. (later Varian and Agilent Technologies) for 28 years, specializing in polymer characterization using GPC/SEC.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Dr. Wei Gao (R&amp;D/TS&amp;D Fellow, Dow Inc.)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Dr. Wei Gao is an R&amp;D/TS&amp;D Fellow at the Dow Chemical Company. She received her PhD in Polymer Chemistry and Physics from Peking University. Her research interests are polymer and particle characterization, the synthesis-structure-property relationship of polymeric and colloidal systems, and sustainable polymers. She has organized multiple symposia at ACS national meetings and co-edited an ACS Symposium series book. Wei has 50+ peer review publications and 13 granted patents with Dow.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Jemima Arnold (Editorial Assistant, SelectScience)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Jemima studied Cellular and Molecular Medicine at the University of Bristol, UK, and as a member of the Editorial team, she now plays an integral role in shaping the content on SelectScience.
</blockquote>

SelectScience: Unraveling the Intricacies of Size Exclusion Chromatography – Strength and Limitations

Unraveling the Intricacies of Size Exclusion Chromatography – Strength and Limitations

Join us as we navigate the world of GPC/SEC, shedding light on its principles, practices, and its indispensable role in polymer research in industry.

Unraveling the Intricacies of Size Exclusion Chromatography

Size exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is a powerful technique for analyzing the molecular weight and structure of polymers. Concentration detection is an essential component of GPC/SEC, as it allows for the determination of sample concentration at each point in the elution process. This information is used to calculate the molecular weight of the polymer.
In this webinar, our expert speakers will discuss the benefits and challenges associated with using conventional concentration detectors such as refractive index detectors. In addition, they will discuss and critique the use of the evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) for polymer characterization. Finally, they will describe its use in conjunction with other detectors such as viscometers and light scattering detectors to provide a comprehensive study of the polymer.
Key learning objectives
<ul>
<li>Understand the use of concentration detectors in GPC/SEC</li>
<li>Discover the benefits and challenges associated with refractive index detectors</li>
<li>Learn what advantages an ELSD can bring to the characterization of macromolecules</li>
</ul>
Who should attend?
<ul>
<li>Polymer scientists</li>
<li>Polymer engineers</li>
<li>Polymer analysts</li>
<li>Plastic technologists</li>
<li>Macromolecular scientists/technicians</li>
</ul>
<h4>View other webinars in this series here:</h4>
<ul>
<li>Part 1: <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/3690">Unraveling the Intricacies of Size Exclusion Chromatography – Strength and Limitations</a>
</li>
<li>Part 3: <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/3692">Characterization of Macromolecules by SEC-Light Scattering</a>
</li>
<li>Part 4: <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/3693">Concepts, Challenges and Applications for 2D-LC of Polymers</a>
</li>
</ul>
Certificate of attendance
All webinar participants can request a certificate of attendance, including a learning outcomes summary, for continuing education purposes.
<blockquote>
Presenter: Dr. Miroslav Janco (Principal Research Scientist, Dow Inc.)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Dr. Miroslav Janco is a principal research scientist in the Analytical Sciences team of Core R&amp;D at Dow Chemical. His research is focused on separation and characterization of polymers by GPC/SEC, HPLC, and LC CAP modes using conventional (RI, UV, ELSD) and enhanced detections (LS, VIS) as well as coupled (2D-LC) and online hyphenated techniques (LC-ICP/MS, LC-NMR). He has advanced these capabilities for elucidation of structural heterogeneity in synthetic polymers and the establishment of process-structure-property relationships. His latest contribution to the field of polymer separation and characterization is the development of advanced polymer chromatography.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Dr. Stephen O’Donohue (Site Director, Agilent Technologies Inc.)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Stephen O’Donohue is the site director for the Agilent Gel Permeation Chromatography specialty detector group based in Shropshire, UK. With over 35 years of experience in the industry, designing and developing concentration and molecular weight sensitive detectors for Polymer Laboratories, Varian, and now Agilent, he has developed a strong knowledge of macromolecular characterization by GPC.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Jemima Arnold (Editorial Assistant, SelectScience)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Jemima studied Cellular and Molecular Medicine at the University of Bristol, UK, and as a member of the Editorial team, she now plays an integral role in shaping the content on SelectScience.
</blockquote>

SelectScience: Detection in Gel Permeation Chromatography / Size Exclusion Chromatography

Detection in Gel Permeation Chromatography / Size Exclusion Chromatography

We will discuss the benefits and challenges associated with using conventional concentration detectors such as refractive index detectors.

Detection in GPC/SEC

Event Program
<ul>
<li>Introduction</li>
<li>Temperature effects on sensors</li>
<li>Temperature effects on buffers/solutions</li>
<li>Temperature compensation on the part of the sensor</li>
<li>Temperature compensation on the part of the buffers</li>
<li>Summary</li>
<li>Q&amp;A and feedback</li>
</ul>
The temperature plays a critical role in pH measurements. Achieving accurate pH values is not only about the chemical composition of a solution but also about understanding the impact of temperature fluctuations. Temperature can significantly influence the behavior of pH electrodes and the characteristics of the sample, making it essential to understand its effects on pH measurements. Challenges arise when temperature differentials between the electrode and the sample lead to unstable readings, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of temperature&#39;s influence on pH.
During our webinar, you will learn about the relationship between temperature and pH. From the temperature dependence of the dissociation constant of water to the impact of temperature on the activity coefficient and acid constants, we will see the complexities of temperature effects on pH measurements. Understanding these nuances can help you enhance the accuracy and reliability of your pH measurements, ensuring precise results across diverse temperature conditions.
Register now for our upcoming webinar to gain valuable insights into the effect of temperature on pH and deepen your understanding of this relationship. Join us and gain the knowledge to optimize your pH measurements and achieve consistent, reliable results.
<h5>How does temperature affect pH measurements?</h5>
Temperature can significantly impact pH measurements by altering the behavior of pH electrodes and the characteristics of the sample. Temperature changes can cause the pH electrode to drift until the temperature of the electrode and the sample become equal, leading to unstable readings. Additionally, the temperature dependence of the dissociation constant of water and the solution&#39;s activity coefficient and acid constants can cause changes in the H+ concentration and real pH value changes.
<h5>How can I compensate for temperature effects on pH measurements?</h5>
Temperature compensation tables have been determined for standard buffer solutions, which can be programmed into pH meters to ensure the correct pH value is used for the buffer at the temperature at which the calibration is performed. However, it is almost impossible to compensate for the temperature coefficient of every sample solution, making it essential to measure samples at the same temperature to make accurate comparisons.
<h5>What are the best practices for handling pH electrodes in temperature-sensitive environments?</h5>
To ensure accurate pH measurements in temperature-sensitive environments, it is crucial to use the correct pH electrode for the specific sample and give the electrode enough time to equilibrate and to maintain the electrode properly.
When measuring in samples that do not consist of easy-to-measure clear, aqueous solutions, problems of electrical or chemical origin can occur, which should be addressed by following the manufacturer&#39;s instructions for electrode handling and maintenance.
<blockquote>
Presenter: Dr Reena Mascarenhas
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Reena is an electrochemist, working for METTLER TOLEDO, with over five years of experience in training others in various aspects of the field. Her in-depth understanding, technical expertise, and engaging and informative training style make her a prominent speaker for this webinar.
</blockquote>

Mettler-Toledo: Temperature Effects on pH Measurement

Temperature Effects on pH Measurement

A Live Webinar to Understand the Relation between Varying Temperature and pH.

Modern titration offers a simple, yet highly accurate method to ensure the quality and safety of many products we consume daily. While not a complicated technique, there are some subtleties that can ensure your titration results are accurate. Simple electrode care and optimization of basic titration parameters are crucial to helping you obtain results you can trust.
During this webinar, Sagar Irrinki, Quality Control Manager at Coastal Gulf &amp; International, Inc. will share how his laboratory navigates executing these tests on various types of titration applications. and how to overcome challenges with helpful titration tips. Eduardo Simoes, Product Specialist for Titration at Metrohm USA, will provide guidance for electrode selection and best practices for electrode care and maintenance. Don’t miss the live Q&amp;A at the end to get all your questions answered by Sagar and Eduardo. 
<h5>Key Learning Objectives:</h5>
<ul>
<li>Understand potentiometric electrode care and maintenance </li>
<li>Learn how to overcome titration challenges with useful tips</li>
<li>Receive simple guidelines to remove doubt from titration results </li>
<li>Learn how to select the appropriate electrode for your titration</li>
</ul>
<h5>Who Should Attend:</h5>
<ul>
<li>Anyone who wants to learn more about electrode care and maintenance</li>
<li>People interested in improving the consistency of their titration results</li>
<li>Anyone who needs a refresher on titration best practices</li>
<li>Chemists who want simple tips to improve confidence in titration analysis</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Eduardo Simoes (Titration Product Specialist, Metrohm USA)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Sagar Irrinki (Quality Control Manager, Coastal Gulf &amp; International, Inc.)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Melissa O&#39;Meara (Forensic Science Consultant, C&amp;EN Media Group)
</blockquote>

Mastering Potentiometric Titration through Effective Electrode Selection and Method Optimization

Simple electrode care and how to overcome challenges with helpful titration tips.

Mastering Potentiometric Titration

<h3>MS School – Fundamentals of Mass Spectrometry Series Part 1</h3>
Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to provide valuable information about the composition and structure of molecules. Understanding the fundamentals will empower you to make informed decisions about adding mass spectrometry to your laboratory analyses or maximizing the potential of your current MS systems.
In this educational webinar series, each session will cover a different aspect of mass spectrometry:
Part One: Introduction to mass spectrometry and ionization:
This session will outline the benefits of utilizing mass spectrometry in your analyses, look at the building blocks of the mass spectrometer and how ions are created in the MS source for MS analysis.
<blockquote>
Presenter: Kieron Faherty, Ph.D. (Separations and Mass Spectrometry Field Marketing Manager, Waters Corporation)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Kieron Faherty is the Separations and Mass Spectrometry Field Marketing Manager for the Americas at Waters Corporation. He received his B.Sc. (Hons) in Chemistry from the University of Reading (Reading, Berkshire, UK) and his doctorate in Chemistry from the University of Massachusetts (Amherst, MA). He has held several field-based positions during his twenty-plus years at Waters, from Field Service Engineer on both quadrupole and Time-of-Flight MS systems to Principal Field Applications Specialist focused on biopharmaceutical applications.
</blockquote>

Waters Corporation: MS School – Fundamentals of Mass Spectrometry Series

Introduction to mass spectrometry and ionization

This session will outline the benefits of utilizing mass spectrometry in your analyses.

<h3>MS School – Fundamentals of Mass Spectrometry Part 2</h3>
Mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique used to provide valuable information about the composition and structure of molecules. Understanding the fundamentals will empower you to make informed decisions about adding mass spectrometry to your laboratory analyses or maximizing the potential of your current MS systems.
In this educational webinar series, each session will cover a different aspect of mass spectrometry:
Part Two: Mass analyzers and detectors:
This session will look at the essential components of an MS system – the analyzer and the detector, focusing on quadrupole and time-of-flight systems. As well as showing how they operate, the session will outline the various types of experiments that can be run of each type of mass spectrometer.
<blockquote>
Presenter: Kieron Faherty, Ph.D. (Separations and Mass Spectrometry Field Marketing Manager, Waters Corporation)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Kieron Faherty is the Separations and Mass Spectrometry Field Marketing Manager for the Americas at Waters Corporation. He received his B.Sc. (Hons) in Chemistry from the University of Reading (Reading, Berkshire, UK) and his doctorate in Chemistry from the University of Massachusetts (Amherst, MA). He has held several field-based positions during his twenty-plus years at Waters, from Field Service Engineer on both quadrupole and Time-of-Flight MS systems to Principal Field Applications Specialist focused on biopharmaceutical applications.
</blockquote>

Mass analyzers and detectors

This session will look at the essential components of an MS system – the analyzer and the detector, focusing on quadrupole and time-of-flight system.

Event Program
<ul>
<li>Basics of spectroscopy theory and applications</li>
<li>How UV Vis instruments work</li>
<li>Application of Beer-Lambert law</li>
<li>How to measure a sample and record its UV Vis spectra</li>
<li>How to analyze UV Vis spectra using PC software</li>
<li>Good UV Vis practices</li>
</ul>
Join our free live webinar and learn good practices for teaching UV Vis spectroscopy. The webinar will combine theory study with a live demo using a UV Vis spectrometer on the lab bench and spectra analysis software on a laptop.
<blockquote>
Presenter: Dr. Friedrich Menges (Owner/ Creator/ Developer at Spectroscopy Ninja)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Dr. Fabian Müller (Product Manager SPG UV/VIS)
</blockquote>

LCMS webinars focusing on Academy/Principles - page 17

UV Vis Spectrophotometry for Teaching and Education