Water systems are an essential part of any modern laboratory where reliable water purification is required. Laboratory water plays a crucial role in scientific research, as its quality directly impacts the results of experiments, analyses, and production processes. Let’s explore the importance of high-quality water in laboratories, the types of Watrex water systems, and their applications in the laboratory environment.<h3>The Importance of Water Quality in the Laboratory</h3>Water is used in a wide range of laboratory operations, from preparing solutions and media, to washing laboratory glassware, and in specific analytical methods such as HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography), ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry), or PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). High-quality water is essential for achieving reproducible and accurate results, as any contamination can lead to errors in experiments, resulting in loss of time, resources, and sometimes even damage to sensitive equipment.<h3>Classification of Laboratory Water</h3>Laboratory water is typically classified into several grades based on its level of purity:1. Deionized Water (DI Water): This water has been treated using mixed-bed ion exchangers, which remove most ionic contaminants. It is often used in less sensitive applications, such as washing glassware and preparing certain solutions.2. Reverse Osmosis Water (RO Water): This type of water is purified through reverse osmosis, a process that removes up to 99% of dissolved salts and organic substances. RO water is suitable for many laboratory applications but may require further purification for higher purity in some cases.3. Ultrapure Water (UP Water): This is the highest grade of water purity, achieved through a combination of methods including deionization, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and UV sterilization. UP water is essential for applications where even minimal contamination could affect results, such as in liquid chromatography, molecular biology, or pharmaceutical research.<h3>Types of Watrex Water Systems for Laboratories</h3><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?s=sci-aqua+rowapur&amp;post_type=product&amp;dgwt_wcas=1?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">SCI-AQUA ROWAPUR</a>: SCI-AQUA ROWAPUR systems are simple and economical, making them ideal for laboratories. They use reverse osmosis to purify water, removing a wide range of contaminants including ions, organic substances, and bacteria. These systems are suitable for laboratories with higher water quality requirements and are often used as the first step in the water purification process.2.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/water-purification/ultra-pure-water/ultrapur-laboratory-unit-for-ultra-pure-water-preparation-2/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty"> SCI-AQUA ULTRAPUR</a>, SMART PUV and SMART PLUS N: These systems combine several water purification methods to achieve maximum purity. In addition to removing ions and organic substances, they also eliminate bacteria, endotoxins, DNases, and other contaminants. These systems are crucial for applications requiring the highest possible water purity.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg" alt="Watrex: Water purification systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2286" height="1130"><h3>Installation and Maintenance of Water Systems</h3>Proper installation and maintenance of water systems are essential for ensuring their long-term reliability and efficiency. The Watrex specialized service team offers comprehensive services, including regular maintenance, rapid filter replacement, system calibration, effectiveness verification, and overall equipment functionality checks. Additionally, we provide extensive training for laboratory personnel to ensure that the systems are used and maintained correctly. With Watrex's expert approach and quick response, you can be confident that your laboratory water systems will always be in optimal condition, ready to support your research.<h3>Conclusion</h3>With increasing demands for accuracy and reliability in scientific results, the importance of highquality water systems for laboratories will continue to grow. The choice of the right system depends on the specific needs of the laboratory, the required water purity, and the available financial resources. Rely on Watrex water systems to ensure that your results are always accurate and reliable.For more information or a non-binding quote, please contact us at watrex@watrex.com or visit our website at www.watrex.com

Clean Water for Quality Results: Rely on Our Water Systems

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 2nd September 2024? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!<blockquote><h4>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></h4></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring to you applications and other documents by Agilent Technologies, Shimadzu, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waters Corporation, and Watrex!<h3>1. <style type="text/css"></style>Watrex: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_Catalog_3a41a1462e.pdf">Watrex WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEMS</a></h3><ul><li>Brochures and specifications</li></ul>Systems:<ul><li>SCI-AQUA ROWAPUR - Reverse Osmosis Systems</li><li>SCI-AQUA ULTRAPUR - Ultrapure Water</li><li>SMART PUV - Ultrapure Water</li><li>SMART PLUS N - Ultrapure Water</li></ul><h3>2. <style type="text/css"></style>Shimadzu: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00779_en_063e0bfcd8.pdf">On-Line Monitoring of Flow Synthesis Reactions Using Nexera FV</a></h3><ul><li>Application</li></ul>User Benefits<ul><li>On-line monitoring of flow synthesis reactions can be performed.</li><li>Simple operation with dedicated software allows automatic execution of analysis at specific sampling intervals and automatic report generation.</li><li>Reliable experimental system setup can be established using HPLC as a part of flow synthesis system.</li></ul>Introduction: In the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries, there is an increasing demand to switch from conventional batch manufacturing for the sake of improvement of efficiency (labor and manpower savings), quality and safety, and reduction of environmental load.ICH-Q13 guidelines for continuous production of drug substances and drug products recommend the application of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) for the purpose of maintaining controlled conditions for manufacturing. Consequently, the demand for PAT is increasing.Nexera FV is an HPLC system setup for on-line analysis equipped with a flow through vial in the autosampler (Fig. 1). The system enables automated processes from continuous delivery of reaction solution into the flow through vial to resulting report creation of HPLC analysis.This article introduces an on-line monitoring of flow synthesis reactions using Nexera FV, taking an example of the esterification of carboxylic acid.Conclusion: On-line monitoring of the esterification reaction of phenylpropionic acid by flow synthesis as performed using Nexera FV. Connecting the reaction system and the flow through vial, sampling and analysis was able to be performed automatically according to the analytical batch. In addition, the multi-data reporting function allowed reaction tracking on reactant and product by automatic generation of trend plot after analysis. Nexera FV and LabSolutions FV simplified analytical batch creation, automated sampling, and reporting. It results in a reduction of working time and increase of efficiency.<h3>3. <style type="text/css"></style>Agilent Technologies<style type="text/css"></style>: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_light_scattering_detector_1290_infinity_ii_bio_lc_5994_7745en_agilent_5c2dfb059e.pdf">SEC-MALS for mRNA Characterization with the Agilent 1260 Infinity II Multi-Angle Light Scattering Detector</a></h3><ul><li>Application</li></ul>Abstract: The characterization of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) with mass spectrometry can be particularly challenging due to the complex and large structure of RNA molecules. The combination of multiangle light scattering (MALS) detection with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) can successfully be applied to the analysis of mRNA, delivering biophysical and structural information.The Agilent 1260 Infinity II Multi-Angle Light Scattering Detector coupled to the Agilent 1290 Infinity II Bio LC System enables the determination of molecular weight (MW) in addition to aggregate percentage information from the concentration detector. The 1290 Infinity II Bio LC is specifically designed for conditions used in biochromatography, with a completely iron-free flow path and high tolerance to the salt-based buffers typically used in SEC.Conclusion: An Agilent 1260 Infinity II Multi-Angle Light Scattering Detector coupled to an Agilent 1290 Infinity II Bio LC System provided biophysical information for the analysis of large mRNA molecules. The precise determination of the molecular weight was in near-perfect agreement with the theoretical value of the mRNA sequence. Good resolution was found between monomer and dimer of mRNA with an Agilent AdvanceBio SEC 1000Å column, leading to unique MW determination for the separated peaks.The combination of the 1290 Infinity II Bio LC System and the 1260 Infinity II Multi-Angle Light Scattering Detector provides a complete biocompatible flow path to ensure trusted results for challenging solvent conditions or iron-reactive samples.<h3>4. <style type="text/css"></style>Waters Corporation<style type="text/css"></style>: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720008431_en_06ca2bef35.pdf">Leveraging Mobile Phase pH to Optimize Separations for Improved Prep Performance Using Columns Packed With Waters™ Hybrid Particles</a></h3><ul><li>Application</li></ul>AbstractThis application note illustrates the value of leveraging mobile phase pH to improve peak shape, retentivity, and mass loading for preparative separations. The Waters columns, manufactured with Hybrid Particle and Optimum Bed Density [(OBD™]) Technologies, enable the purification scientist to exploit the advantages of changing pH to improve chromatographic separations while maintaining consistent column-to-column performance, long column lifetimes, and direct scalability from analytical to prep. The OBD preparative columns resulted in better purification outcomes when compared to Vendor Y’s Column using the conditions specified in this study.Benefits<ul><li>Changing the mobile phase pH can lead to enhanced performance with changes in retentivity and selectivity, improved peak shape, and increased mass loading, which save purification processing time.</li><li>XBridge™ BEH™ C18 and XSelect™ CSH™ C18 Columns are stable over a wide pH range (1–12 and 1–11, respectively), effectively eliminating concerns about damaging the stationary phase due to low/high pH conditions within these ranges.</li><li>Different C18 stationary phases provide additional selectivity choices (i.e., impacting the resolution and order of peak elution) for separating target compounds.</li><li>The highly controlled OBD column packing process ensures preparative columns are of similar bed density to analytical columns of the same chemistry, thus making preparative chromatographic profiles analogous to analytical runs. Similar chromatography at the analytical and preparative scales simplifies scaleup and compound isolation.</li></ul><h3>5. <style type="text/css"></style>Thermo Fisher Scientific<style type="text/css"></style>: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ab_003060_pb_poly_a_uhplc_hram_ms_mrna_ab003060_na_en_f1ac90bd6f.pdf">Accurate and consistent analysis of poly(A) tails of mRNA therapeutics on a UHPLC-HRAM-MS platform</a></h3><ul><li>Application</li></ul>Application benefits<ul><li>Accurate and consistent measurement of poly(A) tail length and distribution of in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNA</li><li>Automated and compliance-ready analysis and reporting of poly(A) tail lengths for IVT mRNA</li><li>Seamless transfer of the IPRP-LC-HRAM-MS method from one LC-MS system to another via a Thermo Scientific™ Chromeleon™ CDS eWorkflow™ procedure</li></ul>Goal<ul><li>Develop an automated and compliance-ready analytical solution for accurate and consistent analysis of poly(A) tails of IVT mRNA using an IPRP-UHPLC-HRAM-MS method from sample to report</li><li>Execute the developed solution on three different LC-MS systems to demonstrate seamless transfer and data consistency</li></ul>Keywords: Polyadenylated (poly(A)) tail analysis, intact mass determination, monoisotopic mass, liquid chromatography high-resolution accurate-mass mass spectrometry, ion-pairing reversed phase liquid chromatography, IPRP-LC, Vanquish Horizon UHPLC system, Orbitrap Exploris 240 mass spectrometer, Orbitrap Exploris MX mass detector, DNAPac reversed phase column, Chromeleon Chromatography Data System (CDS), high-resolution accurate mass, HRAM

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 36, 2024

In a laboratory environment, water quality plays a crucial role in conducting analytical methods, preparing chemical solutions, and ensuring the accuracy and reproducibility of experiments. Even minimal contamination can negatively impact analytical results, making it essential to ensure an appropriate level of water purity.&nbsp;Modern laboratory applications require different levels of water purification depending on the specific process requirements, and the choice of a suitable system depends on several factors, including the quality of the feed water, the required purity, the technological solution, and operational costs. This article focuses on the key aspects to consider when selecting a laboratory water purification system.<h4>Required Water Quality&nbsp;</h4>When selecting a water purification system, it is essential to determine the required water quality according to its intended use:&nbsp;<ul><li>Type I (ultrapure water) – suitable for sensitive analytical methods such as HPLC, ICP-MS, or PCR.&nbsp;</li><li>Type II (pure water) – used for buffer preparation, culture media, or clinical applications.&nbsp;</li><li>Type III (technical water) – suitable for washing laboratory glassware, autoclaves, or other technical applications.&nbsp;</li></ul><blockquote><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/download/Watrex_Water_2024.pdf?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky">View the Watrex Praha Water System Catalog.&nbsp;</a></blockquote><h4>Feed Water Quality&nbsp;</h4>Before selecting a system, it is advisable to analyze the feed water, which may come from the municipal water supply or pre-treated sources, to allow the supplier to recommend the most suitable system for your needs. Parameters such as ion content, organic substances, and microbial contamination can influence the suitability of a specific system.&nbsp;<h4>Purification Technologies&nbsp;</h4>Modern water purification systems combine several technologies to achieve the required purity:&nbsp;<ul><li>Filtration – mechanical filtration is the first step in the purification process, removing solid particles such as sediments, rust, and other mechanical impurities. Filters with different pore sizes (e.g., 5 μm or 0.2 μm) are used depending on the required water purity.&nbsp;</li><li>Activated Carbon – this step removes chlorine, organic contaminants, and certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Activated carbon absorbs chemicals that could affect analytical methods or cause unwanted reactions.&nbsp;</li><li>Reverse Osmosis (RO) – one of the most effective methods for removing dissolved salts, heavy metals, bacteria, and most organic impurities. This technology uses a semi-permeable membrane that allows water to pass through while retaining most contaminants, significantly reducing water conductivity.&nbsp;</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_10_obr_2_f34963c57b.jpg" alt="Watrex img.2: Reverse osmosis filter connection scheme. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_10_obr_2_f34963c57b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="947"><ul><li>Deionization (DI) – this method uses ion exchange resins to replace cations (e.g., Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺) and anions (e.g., Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻) with hydrogen (H⁺) and hydroxide (OH⁻) ions, resulting in nearly ion-free water. This technology is essential for producing ultrapure water.&nbsp;</li><li>Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation – used for water disinfection and organic matter breakdown. UV radiation at a wavelength of 185 nm effectively reduces total organic carbon (TOC) content, while UV at 254 nm is used for bacterial and viral inactivation.&nbsp;</li><li>Ultrafiltration (UF) – this technology utilizes membranes with pore sizes smaller than 0.01 μm, effectively removing bacteria, endotoxins, pyrogens, and other biological contaminants. It is essential in applications requiring the elimination of biological contamination, such as buffer preparation for cell cultures.&nbsp;</li><li>Electrodeionization (EDI) – an advanced technology combining ion exchange resins with an electrochemical regenerator, enabling continuous operation without chemical regeneration. The result is water with exceptionally low conductivity and minimal contamination.&nbsp;</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_10_1_e24a944b21.jpg" alt="Watrex img.3: Types of purification technologies. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_10_1_e24a944b21.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="755">The choice of the right combination of these technologies depends on the required water purity and its laboratory application.&nbsp;<h4>Capacity and Flow Rate&nbsp;</h4>The system selection should match the laboratory's daily water consumption. For example, small laboratories may require 10–50 L/day, while large research facilities may need hundreds of liters per day. The system's flow rate should be sufficient for efficient operation and rapid container filling.&nbsp;<h4>Maintenance, Service, and Supplier Selection&nbsp;</h4>When selecting a system, it is important to consider operating costs, including filter replacement, resin exchange, and other components. Regular maintenance is essential for maintaining optimal functionality and water quality.&nbsp;In addition to technical parameters, the availability of spare parts and manufacturer service support should also be considered. Reputable suppliers typically offer warranty and post-warranty service, which is crucial for the long-term reliability of the system. Thanks to its own service team, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky">Watrex Praha</a> provides all needs from maintenance and service to the availability of all necessary spare parts and filters for its <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/water-purification/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky">own water systems</a> or HealForce brand water systems.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>The selection of a laboratory water purification system should be carefully considered based on the specific requirements of the workplace. Key factors include the required water purity, feed water parameters, purification technologies, capacity, operating costs, and service availability. Investing in the right system ensures optimal conditions for laboratory experiments and the protection of sensitive analytical methods. At Watrex Praha, we are fully available to assist you in selecting the best solution for your needs! Contact us at watrex@watrex.com or visit our website at <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky">www.watrex.com.</a>

Selection of a Water Purification System for the Laboratory: Key Factors and Recommendations

Virtually no laboratory today can do without a source of purified water. The amount produced and the required purity depend on a number of factors, but it is always true that we expect stable performance and reliable function from water treatment equipment.While distillation apparatuses used to dominate, today a combination of flow purification techniques is usually used to prepare purified water for laboratories, the specific list of which depends primarily on the required final water purity. These include filtration, adsorption, removal of dissolved substances by reverse osmosis, deionization (using ion exchangers or electrochemically), photooxidation, sterilization by UV radiation and, last but not least, ultrafiltration.<h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/water-purification/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky">Overview of Watrex water systems</a></h4>In addition, modern devices often allow continuous monitoring of water quality in real time, which significantly increases control over the process. However, a number of complications can still occur - and that is why RNDr. Roman Kysilka from <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky">Watrex Praha</a> provides an overview of the basic principles of proper operation and advice on how to recognize and solve the most common problems (Troubleshooting).<h4>How to operate a water treatment plant in a laboratory without problems</h4>There are certain common principles that apply to the use of all equipment for the preparation of purified water. The most important ones are summarized in the following points:<ol><li>Recommendations before purchasing equipment - choose a model with a slight power reserve that produces water of the quality you need. The purer the water, the higher the operating costs. Use water purified by special procedures only where necessary.</li><li>Develop a maintenance plan for your equipment and its documentation. Designate a person responsible for the operation of the equipment. For low-use and basic equipment (e.g. reverse osmosis systems), annual periodic maintenance is sufficient, while for critical applications, daily water quality checks may be necessary. Establish an operating logbook, or at least record the checks and maintenance on a label placed on the equipment.</li><li>All models of devices for preparing purified water from tap water contain filters that remove suspended solids. Depending on the degree of contamination of the water from the water supply and the volume of treated water, the replacement period varies considerably. The replacement period for a specific installation is usually recommended by the supplier, but it is advisable to perform a simple visual inspection. A contaminated filter is easy to identify.</li><li>If a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is used in the device, attention should be paid to its proper functioning. The service life of the RO membrane is several years with proper maintenance of the protective filters. If the device is not equipped with a reverse osmosis process efficiency measurement, it is advisable to check the performance, efficiency and yield of this purification stage at least once a year.</li><li>To achieve a low content of dissociated compounds (ions), filters filled with an equimolar mixture of cation and anion are most often used. More modern devices alternatively use electrodeionization. If the device includes a deionization stage, it should always be equipped with a conductivity measurement of the produced water, or at least an indication of exceeding the limit value of specific conductivity. In daily use, it is advisable to check the conductivity at least once a day, in other cases at each first sampling.</li><li>Most devices for the preparation of purified water are not sterile and are populated to varying degrees by microorganisms, which is usually accompanied by a higher value of organically bound carbon (TOC) in the water. This may not be a problem for basic laboratory applications, but if we require water that is sufficiently pure for HPLC, work with tissue cultures, molecular genetic experiments, and the like, the device must include technology to minimize the impact of organisms. This includes the inclusion of UV radiation sterilization sources, the application of ozone generated by UV emitters at 184 nm, microfiltration and ultrafiltration. For proper function, it is important to adhere to the component replacement interval recommended by the device manufacturer (either in terms of time or according to the volume of treated water) for all these techniques. Otherwise, a malfunctioning purification stage is often discovered only on the basis of false experiment results.</li><li>All types of equipment should be periodically (once a year, once every two years - depending on the intensity of use and the potential risk of endangering the experiments) verified whether they meet the parameters expected of them. For systems with their own measurement, it is necessary to check whether the measurement results of the built-in sensors provide valid values.</li></ol><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_8_obr_2_88c7487928.jpeg" alt="Watrex: Fig. 2: Illustrative image of possible consumables used in some water systems." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_8_obr_2_88c7487928.jpeg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1068"><h4>Troubleshooting</h4>Even with careful maintenance and following operating recommendations, there may be times when your water treatment equipment does not function as expected or shows signs of a problem. Below are tips for identifying and resolving some common problems. Before you begin any work on your equipment, make sure you understand its function and, if necessary, consult the manual provided by the manufacturer (perhaps as a first step).<h5>1. Basic Check</h5>Before you start looking for more complex causes, perform the following basic checks:<ul><li>Power and Water Supply: Check that the equipment is properly connected to the electrical network and that it is actually receiving electricity. Verify that the main water inlet valve is open and that the inlet water pressure meets the requirements of the equipment.</li><li>Visual Check: Inspect the equipment for visible water leaks, loose or damaged hoses and connections. Check that filter covers or other parts are not visibly damaged.</li><li>Indicators on the device: Pay attention to any status lights, displays, or alarms. Many devices indicate specific problems (e.g., filter replacement required, low pressure, poor water quality) using codes or symbols. Refer to the manual for the meaning of these indications.</li><li>Logbook/Maintenance Records: Refer to the logbook or maintenance label. When was the last maintenance performed? Have any components been changed recently? This information may help identify the cause of the problem.</li></ul><h5>2. Specific Problems and Possible Solutions</h5><ul><li>Low or no flow of purified water:<ul><li>Possible cause: Clogged pre-filter (mechanical filter). Low inlet water pressure. Closed valve in the system. Pump problem (if included in the system). Heavily clogged or damaged RO membrane. Clogged final (sterile) filter.</li><li>Possible solution: Check and replace pre-filter (visual inspection as mentioned above). Verify inlet water pressure. Go through all valves and make sure they are in the correct position. Verify pump function according to manual. Check RO membrane performance (if possible, see previous text) – may require replacement. Replace final filter.</li></ul></li><li>Insufficient water quality (High conductivity):<ul><li>Possible cause: Deionization cartridge (ion exchanger) capacity exhausted. Reduced RO membrane efficiency (insufficient ion removal). Problem with electrodeionization (EDI) module. Conductivity measuring sensor failure or error.</li><li>Possible solution: Check conductivity value on display or indicator (as mentioned in previous text). If value is out of limit, replace deionization cartridge(s). Verify RO stage efficiency (by measuring conductivity before and after RO membrane, if system allows). Verify EDI module function according to manual (may require service). Consider checking/calibrating measuring sensor (usually performed by service technician).</li></ul></li><li>Increased TOC (Total Organic Carbon) or suspected microbial contamination:<ul><li>Possible cause: Inoperative or old UV lamp (184 nm for TOC oxidation, 254 nm for sterilization). Exhausted or damaged final filter (ultrafilter, microfilter). Biofilm formation in the system, piping or tank (if used). High levels of organics or microorganisms in the inlet water.</li><li>Possible solution: Check the operating hours or installation date of the UV lamp and replace it if it has exceeded the recommended life (according to the maintenance schedule). Replace the final filter. Sanitize the system according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (may include chemical cleaning or hot water flushing). Consider installing additional inlet water pretreatment if it is consistently poor.</li></ul></li><li>Water leaks from the system:<ul><li>Possible cause: Loose fittings or hose connections. Damaged seal (e.g. at the filter housing). Cracked filter housing or other component (e.g. due to frost or mechanical damage). Too high water pressure in the system.</li><li>Possible solution: Immediately shut off the water supply and disconnect the appliance from the electricity supply. Carefully locate the leak. Carefully tighten the relevant fitting or connection (do not overtighten, as this may damage the thread). If the seal or component is damaged, it must be replaced with an original spare part. Check the inlet water pressure and the function of the pressure reducing valve (if installed).</li></ul></li><li>The appliance reports an alarm or warning:<ul><li>Possible cause: The system has detected a specific operating deviation or the need for maintenance.</li><li>Possible solution: Always follow the instructions in the manufacturer’s manual for the specific alarm code or symbol. This may indicate the need to replace consumables (filter, cartridge, UV lamp), low/high pressure warning, poor water quality, internal error or the need to perform sanitation. If the steps in the manual do not resolve the problem, contact the service.</li></ul></li></ul><h5>3. When to Contact Service Support</h5>Although many common problems can be solved by yourself based on this manual and the device manual, in some cases it is necessary to contact an authorized service center or supplier:<ul><li>If the basic troubleshooting steps have failed.</li><li>If the problem recurs even after performing the recommended steps.</li><li>If any major water leakage that cannot be easily stopped and repaired.</li><li>If the device reports serious error codes that are not described in the user manual.</li><li>If it is necessary to replace key components such as the RO membrane, EDI module, pump, or main control unit.</li><li>For regular validation and calibration of measuring sensors (conductivity, resistance, TOC), as mentioned in the previous text.</li><li>If you are unsure of the cause of the problem or the correct repair procedure. Incompetent intervention may lead to further damage to the device or affect the quality of the produced water.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_8_obr_3_12c3ef5b46.jpeg" alt="Watrex: Fig.3: Watrex Praha offers comprehensive support – from the supply of water systems and consumables to professional service." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_8_obr_3_12c3ef5b46.jpeg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="1067">Remember: The best way to prevent most problems is to strictly adhere to the maintenance plan, timely replacement of consumables (filters, cartridges, UV lamps) and regular monitoring of the quality of the produced water, as described in the previous recommendations. Keeping a careful operating logbook can significantly facilitate diagnostics in the event of any problems.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www.watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky">Watrex Praha </a>offers you comprehensive support in this regard – from the supply of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/water-purification/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky">water systems and consumable</a>s to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/services/services/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky">professional service</a>. We will be happy to help you choose the most suitable solution and will also ensure the care of your existing equipment. Leave the worries about water to us – you can focus on your work.

How to clean laboratory water: Practical tips and solutions to the most common problems

Water is the most common liquid on Earth. In the laboratory, we handle it every day — as a solvent, a rinsing medium, or, sometimes, an unwanted source of contamination that can ruin an analysis. In laboratories, we address its purity (overview of water treatment systems from Watrex), but behind this "ordinary" H₂O lies a fascinating world of physicochemical peculiarities. Here are ten facts that might make you see water in a whole new light.&nbsp;<h4>1. Water is not just H₂O&nbsp;</h4>In an ideal world, every molecule of water would be pure H₂O. In reality, it also contains a small fraction of heavy water (D₂O), where deuterium replaces hydrogen, as well as various oxygen isotopes (¹⁶O, ¹⁷O, ¹⁸O). These variations can affect reaction rates and vibrational spectra.&nbsp;<h4>2. Water is the strangest liquid on Earth&nbsp;</h4>No other known substance behaves quite like water — it exhibits over 70 physical anomalies. For instance, its density peaks at 4 °C (not at freezing), its melting and boiling points are unusually high, and when it freezes, its volume expands, allowing ice to float.&nbsp;<h4>3. Every drop of water has a different “age”&nbsp;</h4>Molecules of water continuously circulate through the global hydrological cycle — it can take hundreds of years for a molecule to travel from the ocean back to land. The water you’re using in your lab today may once have been part of an ancient sea or glacier.&nbsp;<h4>4. Water is a superb solvent — sometimes too good&nbsp;</h4>Thanks to its high polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds, water dissolves more substances than any other liquid. That’s wonderful for chemistry, but challenging for water purification: removing every ion, organic molecule, or microorganism is extremely demanding.&nbsp;<h5>5. Pure water hardly conducts electricity&nbsp;</h5>Ordinary “conductive” water owes its conductivity to dissolved ions. Ultrapure water (Type I) has a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm, making it almost an insulator. However, even trace amounts of CO₂ from the air quickly lower that resistance.<h4>6. Ice exists in more than 15 forms&nbsp;</h4>Yes, ice isn’t just ice. Under high pressures and varying temperatures, many crystalline forms appear — from common ice Ih to exotic types like ice VII or ice X, found deep inside planets. Each form has its own molecular arrangement and density.&nbsp;<h4>7. Water is nature’s best temperature regulator&nbsp;</h4>Water’s high specific heat capacity and heat of vaporization mean it can absorb or release large amounts of energy with minimal temperature change. That’s why it stabilizes both global climate and body temperature — and makes laboratory water baths so effective.&nbsp;<h4>8. The pH of pure water isn’t exactly 7&nbsp;</h4>At standard conditions (25 °C), pure water has pH = 7 because [H⁺] = [OH⁻]. But as temperature increases, water’s autoionization increases too — at 50 °C, the pH is about 6.63. It’s still neutral, since both ion concentrations remain equal.&nbsp;<h4>9. “Purity” in water means more than absence of dirt&nbsp;</h4>Laboratory water quality is assessed by conductivity, resistivity, TOC (Total Organic Carbon), ionic contamination, and microbial content. Even microscopic deviations can affect sensitive techniques such as HPLC, ICP-MS, or PCR.&nbsp;<h4>10. Water molecules are highly “social”&nbsp;</h4>Each water molecule forms an average of 3.4 hydrogen bonds with its neighbors in the liquid state — constantly breaking and reforming billions of times per second. This molecular “dance” is the key to water’s unique behavior.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>Whether you’re preparing buffers, calibrating an HPLC system, or washing glassware, remember that water is more than just a solvent — it’s a dynamic, complex system influencing every experiment. That’s why <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/water-purification/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky">controlling its purity and treatment truly matters</a>.&nbsp;Do not hesitate to contact us at watrex@watrex.com and we will help you choose a suitable water treatment system for your laboratory or provide one-time or regular service for your existing system.&nbsp;<blockquote><h4>Tip for laboratories:&nbsp;</h4>If you found this topic interesting, explore <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/water-purification/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky">modern laboratory water purification systems from Watrex Praha</a>, designed to deliver precisely defined water types. Pure water = reliable results.</blockquote>

10 Facts About Water You Might Not Know – From a Chemist’s Perspective

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10 Facts About Water You Might Not Know – From a Chemist’s Perspective

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