<p><strong>In industrial processes, accurately determining halogens and sulfur in industrial processes is crucial due to their significant impact on product quality, equipment longevity, and adherence to environmental regulations. Halogens, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and sulfur compounds, are found across various industries, including consumer product manufacturing, petroleum refining, and chemical production. These elements can influence corrosion rates, catalytic performance, and operational safety, making their monitoring essential for optimal process control.</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Robust_Analysis_of_Halogens_and_Sulfur_in_Industrial_and_Environmental_Samples_2e0e076113.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Robust Analysis of Halogens and Sulfur in Industrial and Environmental Samples" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Robust_Analysis_of_Halogens_and_Sulfur_in_Industrial_and_Environmental_Samples_2e0e076113.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="512"></p><article><div><h3><strong>What is combustion-ion chromatography (C-IC)?</strong></h3><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/content/lifetech/global/en/home/industrial/chromatography/chromatography-learning-center/ion-chromatography-information/ion-chromatography-technology/combustion-ion-chromatography.html"><strong>Combustion-ion chromatography (C-IC)</strong></a> is an advanced analytical technique that integrates the processes of sample preparation and analyte determination into a single, automated system. This method involves the combustion of samples to convert halogens and sulfur into their respective ionic forms, which are then analyzed using ion chromatography. The integration of these processes ensures consistent, accurate, and sensitive determinations while saving valuable hands-on time and minimizing exposure to hazardous chemicals and pressurized vessels. For additional information on how C-IC works, visit the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/content/lifetech/global/en/home/industrial/chromatography/chromatography-learning-center/ion-chromatography-information/ion-chromatography-technology/combustion-ion-chromatography.html"><strong>Combustion-Ion Chromatography Learning Center</strong></a><strong>.</strong></p><h3><strong>Applications of combustion-ion chromatography</strong></h3><p>C-IC is best suited to applications that require precise determination of halogens and sulfur, where its automation and sensitivity provide more reliable and reproducible results. These applications include:</p><ul><li><strong>Environmental monitoring:</strong>&nbsp;Detecting and quantifying halogens and sulfur in water, soil, and air to ensure compliance with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/content/lifetech/global/en/home/industrial/environmental.html"><strong>environmental</strong></a><strong> </strong>regulations.</li><li><strong>Consumer product testing:</strong>&nbsp;Analyzing consumer products for halogen content to ensure safety and compliance with regulatory standards.</li><li><strong>Petroleum refining:</strong>&nbsp;Monitoring sulfur content in fuels to optimize refining processes and ensure product quality.</li><li><strong>Chemical manufacturing:</strong>&nbsp;Ensuring the purity of chemical products by accurately determining halogen and sulfur content.</li><li><strong>Waste management:</strong>&nbsp;Assessing the presence of halogens and sulfur in waste materials to facilitate proper disposal and minimize environmental impact.</li></ul><h3><strong>Why use combustion-ion chromatography?</strong></h3><p>C-IC is highly effective for determining halogens and sulfur in a variety of samples. It offers:</p><ul><li><strong>Enhanced sensitivity:</strong>&nbsp;C-IC provides sensitivity down to parts per billion, making it ideal for detecting low concentrations of halogens and sulfur.</li><li><strong>Automation:</strong>&nbsp;The integration of sample preparation and analysis processes reduces hands-on time and enhances reproducibility.</li><li><strong>Versatility:</strong>&nbsp;C-IC is suitable for a wide range of sample types, including solids, liquids, and gases.</li><li><strong>Compliance:</strong>&nbsp;Accurate determination of halogens and sulfur can assist with stringent regulatory standard compliance.</li><li><strong>Efficiency:</strong>&nbsp;The automated process minimizes the risk of contamination and ensures consistent, reliable results.</li></ul><blockquote><p>For more details about how C-IC and C-IC methodologies can benefit your laboratory, download our white paper: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/wp_003769_ic_systems_combustion_ic_system_environmental_wp003769_na_en_482946411d.pdf"><strong><u>Enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of halogen and sulfur monitoring in challenging environmental and industrial samples</u></strong></a></p><p>Already know that you’re interested in a new C-IC system? Learn how the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/content/lifetech/global/en/home/industrial/chromatography/ion-chromatography-ic/cindion-combustion-ic-system.html"><strong>Thermo Scientific Cindion Combustion IC system</strong></a><strong> </strong>can transform your laboratory’s analytical capabilities and ensure the highest standards of accuracy and efficiency in your analyses.</p><p><strong>Visit us on </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/72003132/admin/dashboard/"><strong>LinkedIn:</strong></a> #HalogenAnalysis #SulfurAnalysis #CIC</p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>Dr. Carl Fisher</strong></p><p>Dr. Carl Fisher is a Product Marketing Manager in the Ion Chromatography/Sample Preparation (IC/SP) business unit of Thermo Fisher Scientific, focusing on delivering intuitive, reliable IC and sample preparation solutions for routine analyses.</p></blockquote></div></article>

Robust Analysis of Halogens and Sulfur in Industrial and Environmental Samples

<p><strong>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used in food contact materials (FCM) for decades to provide grease and water repellency. However, due to their persistence, bioaccumulative nature, and toxicity, PFAS pose significant concerns for human health and environmental pollution. As a result, several U.S. states have enacted legislation to limit or ban the use of PFAS in food packaging.</strong></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Enhancing_PFAS_Analysis_in_Food_Contact_Materials_Using_Combustion_Ion_Chromatography_33008070ae.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Enhancing PFAS Analysis in Food Contact Materials Using Combustion Ion Chromatography" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Enhancing_PFAS_Analysis_in_Food_Contact_Materials_Using_Combustion_Ion_Chromatography_33008070ae.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1200" height="600"></p><p>The Thermo Scientific application proof note: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.cz/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ap_003822_ic_ic_systems_Combustion_IC_System_environmental_ap003822_na_en_final_3bd62d2483.pdf"><strong>Screening of PFAS in food contact materials: Utilizing a new combustion-ion chromatography system for total organic fluorine (TOF) analysis</strong></a>, describes a method to measure TOF in food contact materials (FCM) using an innovative combustion-ion chromatography (C-IC) system. This system integrates an ion chromatography system with a combustion/adsorption module to offer enhanced combustion efficiency. The application proof note addresses topics that include:</p><ul><li><strong>State regulations</strong>: Twelve U.S. states have enacted or will enact legislation to limit PFAS in food packaging, with California banning all plant fiber-based food packaging containing PFAS above 100 ppm TOF.</li><li><strong>A new, innovative C-IC system</strong>: The Thermo Scientific Cindion Combustion Ion Chromatography System improves combustion efficiency with a z-fold combustion tube, reducing combustion times and saving bench space.</li><li><strong>Efficient analysis</strong>: The system measures TOF by subtracting total inorganic fluorine (TIF) from total fluorine (TF), with TF measured via combustion and TIF via direct injection into the IC.</li><li><strong>Enhanced workflow</strong>: The C-IC system supports a versatile 2-in-1 configuration, enabling seamless switching between C-IC and standalone IC, improving efficiency and convenience.</li></ul><p>The C-IC method provides a robust tool for manufacturers to ensure compliance with state regulations on PFAS in food contact materials. Additionally, the Cindion C-IC system is shown to meet the rigorous demands of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/content/lifetech/global/en/home/industrial/environmental/environmental-contaminant-analysis/emerging-contaminants/pfas-testing.html">PFAS analysis</a> in FCM. With its advanced features and integrated software, it offers enhanced performance, efficiency, and a more streamlined workflow, making it an invaluable asset for analytical laboratories.</p><blockquote><ul><li>Visit the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/content/lifetech/global/en/home/industrial/chromatography/ion-chromatography-ic/cindion-combustion-ic-system.html"><strong>Cindion combustion ion chromatography system page</strong></a> to learn how the Cindion C-IC system can elevate your analytical capabilities and ensure regulatory compliance.</li><li><strong>Visit us on&nbsp;</strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/72003132/admin/dashboard/"><strong>LinkedIn:</strong></a> #PFAS #FoodPackaging #CIC #EnvironmentalProtection</li></ul></blockquote><section><blockquote><h4><strong>Jingli Hu</strong></h4><p>Jingli Hu is a Senior Applications Chemist at Thermo Fisher Scientific in Sunnyvale, CA. She specializes in ion chromatography (IC) applications, focusing on food, environmental, and biopharma markets.</p></blockquote></section>

Enhancing PFAS Analysis in Food Contact Materials Using Combustion Ion Chromatography

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 18th August 2025? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application notes by <strong>Agilent Technologies </strong>and <strong>Waters Corporation</strong> and technical notes by<strong> Shimadzu </strong>and <strong>Thermo Fisher Scientific!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies: Deciphering the Microbiome: Targeted LC/MS/MS Analysis of Bile Acids in Biological Samples</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_deciphering_microbiome_bile_acids_samples_5994_8263en_agilent_dc02f26cab.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>BA analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) is both critical and challenging due to the inherent complexity of bile acids. These compounds encompass a wide range of structurally similar and isomeric species that often exhibit nearly identical mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) and retention times. This similarity makes achieving baseline separation and accurate identification particularly difficult.&nbsp;</p><p>Additionally, bile acids are relatively stable molecules that do not typically undergo extensive fragmentation in a mass&nbsp;spectrometer. Additionally, the more challenging fragmentation complicates the differentiation of isomeric bile acids emphasizing the need for a standardized method also leveraging retention times.&nbsp;</p><p>Compounding these issues, many of the microbiota-produced bile acid species are typically present at low concentrations in biological samples, which often contain matrix components that can lead to ion suppression or enhancement. These matrix effects can interfere with accurate quantification, further complicating the analysis. Moreover, the need for high sensitivity and specificity to distinguish closely related bile acid species adds another layer of complexity.&nbsp;</p><p>To address these challenges, standardized and highly optimized chromatographic methods, advanced mass spectrometric techniques, and robust sample preparation protocols are essential. Together, these strategies enhance the reliability of BA analysis, enabling accurate profiling for both research and clinical research applications.&nbsp;</p><p>A previously described LC/TQ method was used to analyze 26&nbsp;bile acids.1 This present study introduces a new method using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=6495D+LC%2FTQ"><strong>6495D LC/TQ</strong></a> with fourth-generation ion funnel technology, which improves sensitivity and expands the scope for the analysis of 68 unique bile acids in complex matrix. This bile acid method is compatible and consistent with the Agilent Standardized LC/MS platform for omics analysis and is easily transferable in the laboratory and therefore suitable for rapid delivery of new insights.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>Instrumentation&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>The LC/MS platform consisted of a 6495D triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with fourth-generation iFunnel technology, coupled with an Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1290+Infinity+II+Bio+LC"><strong>1290 Infinity II Bio LC</strong></a> system with the Agilent standardized configuration for omics applications. The acquisition method is fully compatible with an Agilent 6495C model and a regular stainless‑steel Agilent 1290 Infinity II LC with the same standard omics&nbsp;configuration. All methods using the Infinity II LC systems are fully compatible with Infinity III LC systems and give identical method performance.&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>Software&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>MS data were acquired using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=MassHunter+acquisition+software"><strong>MassHunter acquisition software</strong></a> 12.1, which includes built-in source and compound optimizer tools for method development. Agilent&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=MassHunter+Qualitative+Analysis"><strong>MassHunter Qualitative Analysis</strong></a> 12.0 software was used to visualize the acquired dataset and assess data quality before&nbsp;quantification.&nbsp;</p><p>Bile acid levels from the LC/MS/MS datasets were quantified using MassHunter Quantitative Analysis 12.0 software. Quantitation methods for both relative and absolute measurements were developed using one of the quality control (QC) injections. Statistical analysis was performed with Agilent&nbsp;Mass Profiler Professional (MPP) 15.1.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>A robust and standardized targeted dynamic-MRM LC/MS/MS method for the analysis of bile acids was developed on an Agilent 6495D triple quadrupole/LC platform. Optimal bile acid extraction conditions from plasma and fecal samples were established along with LC/MS conditions that allowed the measurement of a large panel of bile acids in a single chromatographic run. This analytical method is highly versatile and applicable to both plasma/serum and fecal samples, offering valuable insights into systemic and gut-specific bile acid profiles. In plasma, it provides a reliable means to assess circulating bile acids, which are key indicators of liver function, metabolic health, and disease states. In fecal samples, the method enables detailed profiling of bile acids involved in gut microbiota interactions and intestinal health, shedding light on digestion and enterohepatic circulation dynamics.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: Enhancing Selectivity in Reversed-Phase Analysis Through Effective Utilization of Mobile Phase pH</strong></h3><ul><li>Technical note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/c190_e335_442eed699a.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>When analyzing ionizable compounds, the pH of the mobile phase plays a crucial role in improving peak shape and separation. However, conventional silica-based columns have limitations in utilizing high-pH mobile phases. Additionally, while polymer-based columns can operate across a wide pH range, they have drawbacks such as lower mechanical strength and column efficiency. In this technical report, we present examples of measurements conducted using mobile phases with various pH levels, employing the Shim-pack Scepter and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Shim-pack+NovaCore+columns"><strong>Shim-pack NovaCore columns</strong></a>—organic silica hybrid columns that combine the advantages of silica-based columns with exceptional high-pH durability.</p><h4><strong>2. The Relationship Between Compound Ionization and Mobile Phase pH</strong></h4><p>Figure 1 shows the relationship between the pKa of the compound and the pH of the mobile phase. The horizontal axis represents the value obtained by subtracting the pKa of the compound from the pH of the mobile phase. In general, the ionization ratio of weakly acidic compounds is known to become 1 % (nearly neutral) when the pH is 2 below their pKa. Conversely, when the pH is 2 above the pKa, the ionization ratio becomes 99 % (nearly ionized). On the other hand, weakly basic compounds are known to ionize 99 % (nearly ionized) when the pH is 2 below their pKa. Conversely, when the pH is 2 above the pKa, the ionization ratio becomes 1 % (nearly neutral).</p><h4><strong>3. Suppression of Ionization in Basic Compounds&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>In the case of basic compounds, the pH of the mobile phase must be high in order to suppress ionization. However, in general, traditional silica-based columns such as C18 with silica gel as the base particle may begin to disintegrate when the pH exceeds 7, so a high-pH mobile phase may not be usable. On the other hand, polymer-based particles have the advantage of being usable over a wide pH range from 1~14, but their mechanical strength and separation efficiency are lower than silica-based columns. Therefore, it is ideal to have a column that combines the advantages of silica-based and polymer-based packing material. The Shim-pack Scepter and Shim-pack NovaCore meet these needs (see Table 1).</p><h4><strong>4. Organic Silica Hybrid Columns in the Shim-pack Series&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The fully porous Shim-pack Scepter and the core-shell Shim-pack NovaCore columns use organic silica hybrid material for the base particles to maintain the high physical strength of traditional silicabased columns while significantly improving their durability under high pH conditions. Figure 2 shows the change in column performance when a high-pH mobile phase is delivered for an extended period. This confirms the high pH durability of Shim-pack Scepter and Shimpack NovaCore compared to column A, a traditional silica-based column.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Configuring a combustion-ion chromatography system using a complete workflow&nbsp;</strong></h3><ul><li>Technical note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/tn_003773_ic_ic_systems_Combustion_IC_System_environmental_tn003773_na_en_v9_358da61ec1.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Analyzing samples with complex matrices can be challenging due to the incompatibility of the sample’s physical properties with the analytical technique. For example, ionic halide content can only be measured by ion chromatography (IC) when the sample is fully dissolved in a liquid, preferably water, extracted, or washed off the surface of a solid material. Combustion-ion chromatography (C-IC) has the advantage of eliminating complex sample matrices to directly measure the total halogens and total sulfur.<sup>1-5</sup> C-IC has been demonstrated for halide determinations in other challenging liquid matrices, such as tea and wastewater.<sup>6,7</sup> In addition, adsorbable organic fluorine (AOF), in conjunction with C-IC, has been demonstrated and incorporated into U.S. EPA Method 1621 to screen for perand polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water samples.<sup>8-14&nbsp;</sup></p><p>A new C-IC total workflow system has been introduced: the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2150"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Combustion Ion Chromatography System</strong></a>. It includes a standalone sample preparation module, the Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Combustion/Absorption Module, and an autosampler that can be configured for solid or liquid samples. A standalone Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ LPG/gas Module is also an option.&nbsp;</p><p>In this technical note, we describe the configuration and operation of the Cindion C-IC system with the following configurations: Cindion combustion/absorption Module with Cindion autosampler and each of numbers 1-4 below.&nbsp;</p><ol><li>Solids sampler and with the offline Cindion adsorption module needed for U.S. EPA Method 162115&nbsp;</li><li>Solids sampler&nbsp;</li><li>Liquids sampler&nbsp;</li><li>Eluent monitor with any configuration</li></ol><h4><strong>Instruments&nbsp;</strong></h4><h5><strong>Cindion C-IC system:&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li>Cindion combustion/absorption module (P/N B51006425) with Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ C-IC Solids Kit (P/N B51006427)&nbsp;</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Solids/Liquids Autosampler (P/N B51006429)&nbsp;</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Adsorption Module (P/N B51006430) that includes 6 column holders&nbsp;</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1078"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Inuvion™ </strong></a>with Reagent-free Ion Chromatography (RFIC™) System (P/N 22185-60108)&nbsp;</li><li>Optional Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Inuvion™ Eluent Monitor, 4 L (P/N 22185-62708)&nbsp;</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ Muffle Furnace, 2 L small bench top, to clean combustion cups, (Thermo Scientific FB1415M, Fisher Scientific 10-552) – recommended for U.S. EPA Method 1621</li></ul><h5><strong>Software&nbsp;</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/76"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Chromeleon™ Chromatography Data System (CDS)</strong></a>, version 7.3.2 MUd with Cindion C-IC and eluent monitor drivers.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>This technical note provides comprehensive guidance on configuring and operating the full Cindion C-IC system workflow. The system offers a complete workflow, starting from offline sample preparation for AOX analysis, progressing through combustion and absorption, and concluding with IC analysis. It includes an autosampler for solids and liquids, along with an optional module for compressed and liquefied gases, ensuring versatility in sample handling. The Z-fold combustion tube is designed to introduce oxygen at multiple points and create an extended flow path that enhances combustion efficiency while minimizing length. To minimize devitrification, the system introduces water only during combustion. Additionally, Chromeleon CDS seamlessly controls Cindion C-IC system operation and data processing.</p><h3><strong>4. Waters Corporation: Slalom-Aided Anion Exchange Chromatography for Enhanced Analysis of Plasmid DNA Topological Impurities</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720008928_en_7fae99acf4.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>Benefits&nbsp;</strong></h4><ul><li>Baseline resolution of DNA isoforms achieves complete separation of supercoiled, open circular, and linear forms of pBR322, ΦX174 RFI/RFII, and Cas9 plasmid</li><li>Dual mode retention mechanism demonstrates separation driven by both anion exchange and flowdependent slalom chromatography mechanisms</li><li>Single method offers broad applicability using a single gradient method on the Protein-Pak Hi Res Q Column to analyze diverse nucleic acid structures with flow rate optimization to achieve desired selectivity through slalom effects</li></ul><p>In the present study, for the first time, the synergy between traditional AEX and slalom retention mechanisms using a Protein-Pak Hi Res Q Column has been systematically investigated. More specifically, two experimental variables have been purposely manipulated to optimize the separation of 3 unique plasmids. The salt gradients (for AEX selectivity) and shear force-inducing flow rates were adjusted to optimize the slalom-based selectivity of the separations. The dual-mode AEX–slalom separation was evaluated and optimized for three biologically relevant DNA constructs: ΦX174 RF I/II (5.4 kbp), pBR322 (4.4 kbp), and a 7.0 kbp Cas9-encoding plasmid. Using defined mobile phase conditions consisting of Tris buffer with 5% urea and a precisely controlled sodium chloride (NaCl) gradient, flow-rate-dependent resolution of OC, L, and SC topological forms was observed. The resulting data elucidates key operational parameters that can be leveraged to significantly enhance resolution, method reproducibility, and scalability, ultimately achieving a powerful analytical approach tailored for emerging gene therapy applications.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>LC Conditions</strong></h5><p><strong>LC system:&nbsp;</strong></p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/191"><strong>ACQUITY™ Premier System</strong></a> with:</li><li>Binary Solvent Manager (BSM, p/n: 186018000)</li><li>Flow-Through Needle Sample Manager (SMFTN, p/n: 186018002)</li><li>Column Manager-A (CM-A, p/n: 186018003)&nbsp;</li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>This application note demonstrates the utility of Protein-Pak Hi Res Q Column and strong anion-exchange chromatography for resolving the three plasmid DNA isoforms, supercoiled (SC), open circular (OC), and linear (L), across a wide range of DNA sizes, including pBR322 (4.361 kbp), ΦX174 RF I/II (5.386 kbp), and the pCMVCas9 (7.037 kbp) plasmid. Using a mobile phase system containing 5% urea and a NaCl gradient, the method achieved excellent resolution of all topological forms by tuning the flow rate applied throughout the gradient method. Notably, this strategy offers a streamlined alternative to traditional method development approaches that require manual changes in mobile phase additives or compositions. Indeed, flow rate was found to influence resolution significantly due to the difference in entropic elasticity of DNA plasmid (open-circular, supercoiled) and linear isoforms. For example, optimum flow rates were found to be equal to 0.8, 0.5, and 0.3 mL/min for the separation of pBR322, ΦX174 RFI RFII Mixture, and pCMV-Cas9 plasmids, respectively. Higher flow rates are needed to increase the retention of shorter linear DNA isoforms relative to the open circular plasmid. These results highlight the method’s adaptability and precision for analyzing plasmid topology, providing analysts with enhanced control critical for assessing identity, integrity, and purity in plasmid-based therapeutics and gene therapy workflows.</p>

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 34, 2025

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 45, 2025

<p><strong>This year marks a special milestone: the </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/article/5341"><strong>50th anniversary of ion chromatography (IC)</strong></a><strong>, a technique that has transformed how we separate and analyse ions, driving innovation across environmental, food, and pharmaceutical applications.</strong></p><p>Over the decades, IC has continually evolved with smarter, more powerful hardware—but its impact grew even stronger when paired with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/76"><strong>Chromeleon software</strong></a>. This combination didn’t just streamline workflows; it elevated IC into a more intuitive, connected, and reliable solution for laboratories worldwide.</p><p>On a personal note, my connection with IC and Chromeleon software goes back 20 years. In my first lab job when I was still at university, I often performed bench test analyzes to determine sulphate – a process that could take several hours. When the laboratory decided to invest in its first IC system, it was a game changer! It was clear from the start that the combination of IC and Chromeleon software is not only logical — it’s historical – they complemented each other so well that they reshaped the way I understood data, automation, and efficiency in the lab.</p><p>As both have evolved throughout the years, so has my appreciation for what they can do together. In fact, some of my favorite features in Chromeleon software were directly inspired by working with IC—functionalities that I’ll share in this blog, showing why, even after so many years, IC and Chromeleon software remain an unbeatable team. Let’s go:</p><h3><strong>1. One report for all your data</strong></h3><p>In modern analytical labs, data volume is not the challenge — data clarity is. Scientists don’t just need results; they need results that can be compiled, compared, and validated across multiple runs, detectors, and even instruments.</p><p>This is where<strong> Chromeleon software’s reporting capabilities shine</strong>. With dual sequence processing capabilities, enabling merging of data to provide more comprehensive results, Chromeleon software condenses complexity into a single report. The ability to compare multiple sequences in one window transforms how scientists interpret data: instead of managing multiple files or juggling disconnected reports, they see the complete analytical story at once.</p><p>For example, scientists can directly compare cation and anion analyses performed with conductivity detectors in a single report, or merge results from different detectors—such as conductivity and mass spectrometry (MS)—to view all findings in one cohesive output. These practical applications highlight how Chromeleon software simplifies workflows while delivering deeper scientific insight.</p><p>In regulated industries, this clarity is not just convenient — it’s critical. Chromeleon software ensures that reporting adheres to compliance requirements, producing audit-ready documentation while still being practical for everyday use.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Ion_Chromatography_Turns_50_Chromeleon_Software_s_Tribute_to_a_Lifelong_Partner_ec4aeb624d.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Ion Chromatography Turns 50: Chromeleon Software’s Tribute to a Lifelong Partner" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Ion_Chromatography_Turns_50_Chromeleon_Software_s_Tribute_to_a_Lifelong_Partner_ec4aeb624d.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="683"></p><h3><strong>2. Beyond conductivity detection</strong></h3><p>One of the defining strengths of ion chromatography has always been its versatility. But when coupled with MS, it steps into an entirely new dimension. IC–MS allows scientists to go beyond the classic seven anions detectable by conductivity, enabling the identification of additional species such as bromate and chlorate with high selectivity and sensitivity.</p><p>For many laboratories, dual detection is no longer a luxury — it’s a necessity. Regulatory environments demand precision, trace-level sensitivity, and the ability to differentiate analytes in complex matrices. Chromeleon software makes this practical by seamlessly integrating multiple detectors—including conductivity, UV, amperometry, and MS.</p><p>This flexibility enables advanced applications such as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/AN_491_63068_Glycophosphate_in_water_0e9c57b8d8/AN491_63068_Glycophosphate-in-water.pdf"><strong>pesticide residue analysis using ion chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (IC–MS/MS)</strong></a>. By unifying all data into one platform, Chromeleon software streamlines complex workflows and turns them into clear, actionable results. Instead of facing a fragmented dataset, users get a unified, intuitive view. The software ensures that IC–MS doesn’t just produce powerful results — it produces results that are accessible, reviewable, and ready for decision-making. For readers seeking to dive deeper into this capability, Thermo Fisher Scientific has published a detailed white paper on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/wp_73175_ic_ms_wp73175_en_d5fcfb30b4.pdf">IC–MS workflows</a>.</p><h3><strong>3. Ensuring instrument health and longevity</strong></h3><p>Behind every robust analytical result is an instrument that’s running smoothly. In chromatography, hardware issues can easily compromise data quality — or worse, disrupt entire workflows with unexpected downtime.</p><p>Chromeleon software acts as a proactive safeguard by monitoring system health in real time. Parameters like pump pressure oscillations can be continuously tracked, visualized in intuitive charts that reveal subtle shifts before they escalate into problems. For example, a gradual rise in pump pressure may signal a blockage or worn consumable — insights that allow labs to intervene early, extend the life of their equipment, and minimize costly downtime.</p><p>This functionality transforms Chromeleon software from being “just” a data system into an instrument health partner. Much like a fitness tracker helps athletes stay in peak condition, Chromeleon helps IC systems operate at their best, ensuring continuity, reliability, and efficiency.</p><h3><strong>Conclusion: For many more years to come!</strong></h3><p>Ion chromatography and Chromeleon software share more than just history. Together, they form a partnership that amplifies the strengths of each: IC delivers separation power and analytical depth, while Chromeleon software provides the intelligence to manage, interpret, and safeguard results. The outcome is not just better data — it’s better science, delivered with confidence.</p><p>In an era where laboratories face growing complexity, tighter regulations, and higher expectations for efficiency, the synergy between IC and Chromeleon software is more relevant than ever. It’s not just a story of two technologies — it’s a blueprint for how innovation and integration can shape the future of analytical science. Happy Golden Jubilee, my friend 😊</p><h5><strong>Learn more:</strong></h5><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/content/lifetech/global/en/home/products-and-services/promotions/industrial/chromatography-evolution/ic-evolution.html"><strong>IC Evolution</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5386"><strong>Webinar: Reduce manual integrations: Optimize data processing with detection parameters and algorithms</strong></a></li><li><strong>Visit us on&nbsp;</strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/72003132/admin/dashboard/"><strong><u>LinkedIn</u></strong><u>:</u></a>&nbsp;#IonChromatography #ChromeleonCds #compliance #MassSpectrometry</li></ul><section><blockquote><h5><strong>Laercio Fernandes</strong></h5><p>Laércio Fernandes is a Product Marketing Manager for software at Thermo Fisher Scientific. With a background rooted in analytical chemistry, Laércio has over 20 years of experience in the analytical field with a focus on chromatography instrumentation, enterprise software and compliance. His background in sales and support has enabled him to have a good overview and understanding of different processes and challenges that laboratories may face, which has allowed him to better support our customers in order to improve their workflows and productivity.</p></blockquote></section>

Ion Chromatography Turns 50: Chromeleon Software’s Tribute to a Lifelong Partner

Article

Product

Events

Webinars

Application

Academy

Video

Poster

Scientists

Plastics

Environment

Food

Water

Health

Presentation

Scientific article

Interview

Toxicology

Popularization

Science and research

Software

Covid-19

Career

Laboratories

Various

Zaměření

Type of News

Focus

A unique company dedicated to serving science helping our customers drive productivity and accelerate results. Through our premier brands – Thermo Scientific, Applied Biosystems, Invitrogen, Fisher Scientific and Unity Lab Services.

Thermo Fisher Scientific

Everything from the world of analytical chemistry in one place. We connect people in solving their problems. At Labrulez you will find all the necessary information easily, quickly and clearly. Stop searching and start finding.

Ion Chromatography Turns 50: Chromeleon Software’s Tribute to a Lifelong Partner

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 45, 2025

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 34, 2025

Enhancing PFAS Analysis in Food Contact Materials Using Combustion Ion Chromatography

Robust Analysis of Halogens and Sulfur in Industrial and Environmental Samples

Upcoming events

Understanding quantification algorithms

36th MassSpec Forum Vienna 2026

Analytical Strategies for Peptide & Protein Therapeutics

Webinars

High-throughput stability screening strategies for antibody formulation

Big Scale, Big Wins: Prep Chromatography Explained

PFAS in Food & Food Contact Material