<h3><strong>How are PFAS regulations changing, and what role will ion chromatography play in the future of environmental testing?</strong></h3><p>In this episode, &nbsp;David interviews <strong>Jay Gandhi, PhD, </strong>Vertical Markets Manager at <strong>Metrohm USA</strong>, for an in-depth discussion on PFAS analysis, the rise of AOF (Adsorbable Organic Fluorine) testing, and the development of EPA 1621 and ISO 18127 standards.</p><p>With more than 30 years of experience in ion chromatography, Jay shares valuable perspective on how the field has evolved—from early applications and NASA water recovery projects to today’s challenges involving PFAS, TFA, and emerging contaminants.</p><h4><strong>Topics covered in this episode include:</strong></h4><ul><li>What PFAS are and why they matter</li><li>The difference between targeted PFAS methods and AOF analysis</li><li>How combustion ion chromatography works</li><li>Behind the scenes of EPA 1621 and ISO 18127 method development</li><li>Regulatory trends in water, textiles, and food packaging</li><li>TFA analysis using IC-MS and IC-MS/MS</li><li>The future of ion chromatography in environmental labs</li></ul><h3><strong>Video Transcription</strong></h3><p>For more than three decades, Jay Gandhi has worked with ion chromatography (IC), watching the technique expand from a specialized tool for water analysis into an analytical platform used across environmental testing, food and beverage analysis, semiconductor manufacturing, battery applications, and, increasingly, PFAS analysis.</p><p>In an interview for <i>Concentrating on Chromatography</i>, Gandhi discusses his introduction to IC during his work on a NASA Mars exploration project, the emergence of PFAS as a major analytical challenge, and why techniques such as adsorbable organic fluorine (AOF) determination and combustion ion chromatography (CIC) can provide information that targeted LC-MS analysis alone cannot deliver. He also examines the development of standardized methods, sample preparation challenges, and the future role of IC-MS and total fluorine approaches in PFAS monitoring.</p><h4><strong>From NASA to ion chromatography</strong></h4><p>Gandhi's introduction to ion chromatography came through his work as a principal scientist on a NASA Mars exploration project focused on water recovery under zero-gravity conditions. IC played an important role because it enabled researchers to establish the ionic balance of anions and cations in water.</p><p>The technology was used both to investigate micronutrients relevant to agricultural applications and to evaluate water purity for potential astronaut consumption. During approximately three years of this work, Gandhi gained extensive experience with ion chromatography. This ultimately led him deeper into IC instrumentation and, 24 years ago, to joining Metrohm.</p><p>At the beginning of his career, IC was strongly associated with relatively straightforward anion and cation analysis in water. The technique itself had been used for water analysis since the 1970s, but Gandhi has seen its application range expand dramatically.</p><p>Food and beverage testing and environmental analysis became important fields, supported by both direct and indirect detection strategies. More recently, IC has also found applications in areas such as the semiconductor industry and battery recycling.</p><p>In Gandhi's words, ion chromatography has effectively "bloomed" into numerous application areas.</p><h4><strong>PFAS changes the analytical challenge</strong></h4><p>PFAS represent a particularly important chapter in this development. These chemicals have been used for decades in numerous consumer and industrial products, including non-stick materials, firefighting foams, water-resistant textiles and other applications.</p><p>Gandhi recalls work on PFOA and PFOS using ion chromatography with conductivity detection as early as 2008. However, the achievable detection limits were insufficient for the extremely low concentrations that later became important in PFAS analysis.</p><p>A major turning point for him came in 2015, when he encountered research from Sweden using <strong>combustion ion chromatography to investigate total fluorine</strong>. Subsequent collaboration with researchers at Clarkson University and Harvard University, particularly on aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), further demonstrated the importance of looking beyond individual targeted PFAS compounds.</p><h4><strong>Why targeted LC-MS does not tell the whole story</strong></h4><p>Targeted LC-MS is highly sensitive and selective and can provide detailed information about individual PFAS compounds. However, according to Gandhi, the number of possible PFAS structures in the environment is vastly greater than the number routinely included in targeted methods.</p><p>A targeted method may monitor dozens or perhaps around one hundred compounds, while the overall PFAS universe can include thousands of chemical structures. Consequently, targeted analysis may characterize only a small fraction of the total PFAS burden.</p><p>There are other practical considerations. LC-MS measurements can be affected by matrix-dependent ion suppression, while accurate quantification frequently relies on isotope-labelled internal standards. Such standards are available for only a limited number of compounds and can be expensive.</p><p>This is where measurements of total or adsorbable organic fluorine can provide complementary information. Rather than asking <i>which specific PFAS compounds are present?</i>, these approaches can help answer a broader question: <i>how much fluorine associated with this chemical space is present in the sample?</i></p><h4><strong>AOF as a complementary approach</strong></h4><p>Adsorbable organic fluorine analysis provides a different perspective from targeted LC-MS. In the workflow discussed by Gandhi, organic fluorine compounds are captured during sample preparation and subsequently measured using combustion ion chromatography.</p><p>The principle of CIC builds upon older total organic halogen analysis. The sample is combusted at temperatures above approximately 1,000 °C, breaking carbon-halogen bonds. In PFAS-related analysis, carbon-fluorine bonds are broken and the resulting fluoride is collected in an absorption solution.</p><p>Ion chromatography is then used to separate and quantify the fluoride.</p><p>Replacing older detection approaches with IC provides both sensitivity and selectivity for the halogens being measured. Effective combustion is critical: oxygen supports the combustion process, while a carrier gas transports the products into the absorption solution for subsequent IC analysis.</p><h4><strong>The challenge of inorganic fluoride</strong></h4><p>The broad response of CIC is simultaneously one of its strengths and one of its analytical challenges. Combustion does not distinguish fluorine originating from PFAS from fluorine present in inorganic compounds such as fluoride salts.</p><p>This becomes particularly important when analyzing water containing relatively high concentrations of inorganic fluoride while attempting to quantify organic fluorine at very low levels.</p><p>Sample preparation therefore has a critical role. Inorganic fluoride must be effectively separated from the fraction of interest, while materials used during sample preparation must themselves have sufficiently low fluoride backgrounds.</p><p>Contamination can come from unexpected sources. Gandhi points out that background fluoride may originate not only from reagents and sample preparation materials but potentially from the laboratory environment. Careful blank control, appropriate materials and rigorous evaluation of interferences are therefore essential when moving toward increasingly low detection limits.</p><h4><strong>From research method to international standardization</strong></h4><p>The development of standardized AOF methods illustrates the importance of collaboration between academia, industry, regulatory organizations and analytical laboratories.</p><p>Gandhi describes work that began in Europe around 2015 and subsequently progressed through German standardization activities, ISO development, ASTM-related collaboration and the U.S. EPA. The process eventually contributed to methods such as <strong>EPA Method 1621</strong>.</p><p>He emphasizes that this was not the work of a single scientist or organization. Developing a robust method required years of experiments, discussions and sometimes difficult technical debates among numerous stakeholders.</p><p>For Gandhi, the essential principle was that experimental evidence ultimately had to determine the outcome. Collaboration becomes possible when scientists focus on the data rather than the organizations they represent.</p><h4><strong>PFAS monitoring is moving beyond drinking water</strong></h4><p>Regulatory attention to PFAS is also expanding beyond drinking water. Gandhi describes a broader strategy that begins with reducing the manufacture and use of PFAS-containing materials and continues with removing existing contamination from the environment.</p><p>Wastewater represents an important part of this picture because PFAS can enter it from numerous sources. Historical contamination from landfills and contaminated sites can also migrate into groundwater and ultimately affect drinking-water supplies.</p><p>Consumer products are another area of increasing attention. Food packaging, disposable containers, automotive fabrics, outdoor clothing and water-repellent textiles have historically used fluorinated substances to provide properties such as grease, water or stain resistance.</p><p>Reducing PFAS use in such products could therefore gradually decrease the amount entering waste streams and the wider environment.</p><h4><strong>Screening first, regulation later?</strong></h4><p>Gandhi expects AOF to be particularly valuable as a <strong>screening tool</strong>, providing an estimate of broader fluorine contamination before laboratories proceed to more specific analyses.</p><p>Its importance becomes clear when AOF results are compared with targeted PFAS measurements. Gandhi reports that laboratories working with EPA Method 1621 have observed differences between targeted PFAS results and broader AOF measurements ranging from approximately <strong>300- to 4,000-fold in the total fluorine mass balance</strong>.</p><p>Such discrepancies suggest that targeted methods can leave a substantial portion of fluorine unexplained.</p><p>Rather than competing with LC-MS, AOF and CIC therefore provide complementary information. A broad screening method can reveal the magnitude of total contamination, while targeted mass spectrometry identifies and quantifies specific compounds of interest.</p><h4><strong>Where IC-MS fits into the PFAS toolbox</strong></h4><p>No single technique can cover the entire PFAS problem. Gandhi highlights very short-chain, highly polar fluorinated compounds as another analytical challenge.</p><p>Compounds such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) are highly water-soluble and may not be quantitatively retained by the carbon materials used for AOF sample preparation. Direct ion chromatography can provide an alternative route for separating such compounds from common inorganic anions.</p><p>Coupling IC with mass spectrometry adds another level of sensitivity and selectivity. Gandhi therefore sees <strong>IC-MS and IC-MS/MS</strong> as increasingly important tools for highly polar fluorinated compounds. Similar approaches can also be useful beyond PFAS, including the determination of polar pesticides such as glyphosate and glufosinate.</p><h4><strong>Toward lower detection limits and more complete PFAS analysis</strong></h4><p>For Gandhi, current standardized methods represent a beginning rather than an endpoint. Improvements in instrumentation and particularly sample preparation could push total fluorine analysis to substantially lower concentrations.</p><p>He notes that current combustion IC configurations can reach approximately <strong>0.5 ppb</strong>, or 500 parts per trillion, and believes that improvements in sample volume, preparation procedures and mitigation of inorganic fluoride backgrounds could eventually move detection below 100 ppt and potentially toward 50 ppt.</p><p>Extractable organic fluorine workflows could provide another bridge between broad fluorine screening and targeted LC-MS methods. Combining improved extraction with CIC could allow samples to be screened for organic fluorine before more detailed compound-specific characterization.</p><p>The broader message from Gandhi's career is that PFAS analysis is unlikely to be solved by a single analytical technique. <strong>Targeted LC-MS provides compound-specific sensitivity and selectivity; AOF and combustion IC reveal a broader fluorine picture; and IC-MS can address highly polar compounds that are difficult to capture using conventional workflows.</strong> Used together, these techniques can provide laboratories with a much more complete understanding of PFAS contamination than any one approach alone.</p><blockquote><p><strong>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</strong></p></blockquote><blockquote><h4><strong>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</strong></h4><p>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!</p><p>You can find <strong>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast </strong>in podcast apps:</p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL"><strong>Spotify</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185"><strong>Apple podcast</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography"><strong>podscan</strong></a></li></ul><p>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos"><strong>YouTube channel</strong></a></p></blockquote>

The Future of Ion Chromatography | PFAS Testing, EPA 1621 & AOF Explained

<p><strong>In late February 2025, a train carrying benzene derailed in Hustopeče nad Bečvou, and within hours, a race was on to save the groundwater and surface water. One of the most toxic industrial substances began seeping into the gravel-sand subsoil. While fieldwork was underway to prevent the spread of contamination, decisions were already being made in the CXI TUL laboratories regarding how to subsequently clean up the contaminated rock environment.</strong></p><p>The accident ranks among the <strong>most serious environmental incidents in the Czech Republic in recent years</strong>. After a tanker train derailed, hundreds of<strong> metric tons of benzene leaked</strong>; due to the highly permeable geological subsoil, it quickly seeped into deeper soil layers and into the groundwater. The combination of the substance’s high toxicity and local conditions complicated both the emergency response and the subsequent remediation. The key was to stop further spread, determine the extent of the contamination, and establish a remediation strategy for the entire site.</p><p>It was at this stage that CXI TUL became involved in the solution. At the request of the renowned remediation company DEKONTA, a.s., a team led by <strong>RNDr. Jan Němeček, Ph.D.</strong>, began testing the feasibility of the<strong> in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) method</strong>. This technology is designed to<strong> break down benzene directly within the rock matrix</strong>, without the need for extensive excavation of contaminated soil or the pumping out of large volumes of groundwater. The goal was simple: to find a method that would work quickly, safely, and under the actual conditions of the affected site.</p><h4><strong>Benzene Remediation: Technically Simple, Complicated in Practice</strong></h4><p>Benzene is a highly toxic and carcinogenic substance that rapidly penetrates into groundwater in permeable subsoil, where it dissolves and spreads further as the water flows toward surface water bodies. Benzene also binds to rock particles and migrates in the form of vapors into overlying unconsolidated layers.</p><p>Scientists in Liberec therefore tested <i>in situ </i>chemical oxidation (ISCO) technology under laboratory conditions. The goal was to find an oxidant capable of breaking down benzene directly underground into less hazardous substances.</p><p>The tests evaluated two main options:<strong> activated hydrogen peroxide and sodium peroxodisulfate</strong>. Both substances removed up to<strong> 99.99% of the benzene</strong>, but there was a difference in their kinetics and impacts on the natural environment. Activated hydrogen peroxide achieved nearly complete degradation of the contaminant within a single day. Activated sodium peroxodisulfate was slower and also significantly altered the chemistry of the water; it acidified the environment and increased the sulfate content in the water, which poses an additional environmental burden.</p><p>For field applications, the researchers therefore unequivocally recommended <strong>activated hydrogen peroxide</strong>.</p><h4><strong>Dosage Matters</strong></h4><p>It was not just the oxidant’s effectiveness that was key. It was equally important to determine how the chemical reaction would behave in a real geological environment. The team of scientists therefore also analyzed what is known as <strong>soil oxidant consumption (SOD)</strong>. It turned out that a significant portion of the oxidizing agent does not react solely with benzene but is also consumed to a significant extent by the rock environment itself, particularly by natural organic substances present in the fine-grained fraction of the soil.</p><p>An oxidant consumption value was determined specifically for the local composition of the aquifers, which is essential for the correct dosing of chemicals in the field so that the remediation is not only effective but also economically viable and safe for surrounding ecosystems.</p><h4><strong>One Year After the Accident: Research Turns into Real-World Assistance</strong></h4><p>While the public often perceives university science as a distant world of laboratories and grant projects, it is precisely situations like this that demonstrate its practical impact. The results of the work by researchers at CXI TUL did not remain confined to academic studies but directly influenced decisions regarding the technology used to clean up one of the largest environmental accidents in recent years.</p>

Science on the Front Lines: Cleanup of a Benzene Spill

<p><strong>This study uses ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) lipidomics to characterize plasma lipid alterations associated with long-term aromatase inhibitor therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. A total of 649 lipid species across 23 classes and subclasses were relatively quantified, revealing significant differences in phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, ceramides, hexosylceramides, and other lipid groups.</strong></p><p>Multivariate analysis showed clear group separation, while a Naive Bayes model based on lipid-class profiles achieved an AUC of 0.79. The results indicate that aromatase inhibitor therapy is associated with systematic lipidomic changes linked to estrogen deprivation and sphingolipid metabolism, providing potential mechanistic insight into long-term metabolic effects of treatment.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926"><strong>Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy Is Associated with Distinct Plasma Lipidomic Profiles in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients&nbsp;</strong></a></h4><div><span>Aleksandra Arsic, Ales Kvasnicka</span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-316X"><span><img></span></a><span>, David Friedecky</span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3448-9073"><span><img></span></a><span>, Nebojsa Ivanovic, Maja Milosevic</span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0985-0728"><span><img></span></a><span> and Vesna Vucic</span></div><p>Int. J. Mol. Sci. <strong>2026</strong>, 27(4), 1926</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27041926">https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27041926</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><p><strong>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.</strong></p><div><div><p>Breast cancer (BRC) is the most common malignancy among women, with over 2.2 million new cases diagnosed globally in 2022 [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B1-ijms-27-01926">1</a>]. A substantial proportion of breast cancers are estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and/or progesterone receptor-positive (PR+) [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B2-ijms-27-01926">2</a>], necessitating multimodal treatment approaches, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) represent the gold-standard adjuvant endocrine treatment for postmenopausal women, as they improve disease control and reduce the risk of distant metastasis by inhibiting peripheral aromatase activity [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B3-ijms-27-01926">3</a>]. This inhibition prevents the conversion of androgenic precursors into estrogens in peripheral tissues, resulting in a marked reduction in systemic estrogen levels. For postmenopausal women with ER+ and PR+ breast tumors, a five-year course of AI therapy, often extended beyond this duration, is recommended to reduce the risk of disease recurrence [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B4-ijms-27-01926">4</a>].</p><p>AIs decrease plasma and tissue concentrations of endogenous estrogens by inhibiting aromatase (cytochrome P450), the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for estrogen biosynthesis from testosterone and adrenal androgens [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B5-ijms-27-01926">5</a>]. Because estrogen plays a protective role in lipid metabolism, AI therapy is frequently associated with dyslipidemia. Increased levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) have been reported in patients receiving AIs [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B6-ijms-27-01926">6</a>], thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in postmenopausal women with BRC [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B7-ijms-27-01926">7</a>].</p><p>Disturbances in lipid metabolism are recognized as a hallmark of cancer, leading to increasing interest in lipidomic profiling as a tool for characterizing tumor-associated metabolic alterations [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B8-ijms-27-01926">8</a>]. In recent years, clinical lipidomics studies have been conducted across multiple malignancies, including lung [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B9-ijms-27-01926">9</a>], pancreatic [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B10-ijms-27-01926">10</a>], renal cell carcinoma [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B11-ijms-27-01926">11</a>], colorectal [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B12-ijms-27-01926">12</a>], and BRC [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B13-ijms-27-01926">13</a>], highlighting cancer-specific lipidomic signatures and the growing relevance of lipid metabolism in oncology. Lipidomic reprogramming is now recognized as a defining feature of BRC. To date, elevated levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC 32:1), stearic acid, and ceramide (Cer 43:1), along with reduced levels of diacylglycerol (DG 34:2), have been reported in BRC patients compared with healthy women [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B14-ijms-27-01926">14</a>]. These lipid species, together with phosphatidylinositol (PI 16:0/16:1) and PI (18:0/20:4), have been proposed as potential biomarkers for BRC [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B14-ijms-27-01926">14</a>].</p><p>Despite these advances, there remains a paucity of studies investigating the lipidomic profiles in BRC patients in relation to endocrine therapy. The present cross-sectional study aims to address this gap by conducting mass spectrometry-based profiling of lipid classes and comparing profiles between postmenopausal BRC patients receiving AI therapy and another cohort assessed before this treatment. This approach aims to characterize associations between AI therapy status and plasma lipidomic patterns.</p><h4><strong>2. Results</strong></h4><h5><strong>2.3. Lipidomic Analysis</strong></h5><p>Plasma lipid profiling identified 649 lipids across 23 lipid classes and subclasses, covering the major structural families of the circulating lipidome, including neutral lipids (triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, cholesteryl esters, and cholesterol), glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylserines, and their lysophospholipid counterparts), sphingolipids (sphingomyelins, ceramides, monohexosylceramides, and dihexosylceramides), and free fatty acids. In addition to diacyl phospholipids, the dataset included ether-linked and plasmalogen species (denoted as O- and P-), most prominently within PC, PE, and LPC and LPE classes. An overview of the plasma lipidome is shown as a global lipid network (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#fig_body_display_ijms-27-01926-f001">Figure 1</a>). To assess whether the observed lipid changes reflect coordinated remodeling rather than isolated signals, we performed Fisher’s combined probability test at the lipid-class level. This analysis revealed significant cumulative differences in several lipid classes, including Cer, LPC, ether/plasmalogen LPC, LPE, and SM (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#fig_body_display_ijms-27-01926-f001">Figure 1</a>), supporting systematic class-level alterations despite limited power at the single-species level.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Int_J_Mol_Sci_2026_27_4_1926_Figure_1_Global_lipid_network_analysis_of_plasma_lipidomic_differences_between_breast_cancer_patients_BRC_prior_to_initiation_of_the_aromatase_inhibitor_6f82827773.jpg" alt="Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(4), 1926: Figure 1. Global lipid network analysis of plasma lipidomic differences between breast cancer patients (BRC) prior to initiation of the aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy and patients receiving AI. Cytoscape-based network visualization illustrates lipid species grouped according to structural similarity and lipid class. Each node represents an individual lipid species, while edges indicate class-based relationships. Node size corresponds to the −log10 p-value from the Mann–Whitney U test, reflecting the statistical significance (−log p-Value &gt; 1.3) of differences between groups. Node color indicates the direction and magnitude of change, based on log2 fold change, with red representing higher abundance in AI-treated patients and blue representing higher abundance in patients before AI therapy. Major lipid classes, including glycerophospholipids (GPL), sphingolipids (SP), glycerolipids (GL), fatty acids (FA), and cholesteryl esters (CE), are shown to highlight coordinated class- and species-level lipidomic alterations. Fisher’s combined p-value for individual lipid classes is shown at the bottom (significant p-Value &lt; 0.05). " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Int_J_Mol_Sci_2026_27_4_1926_Figure_1_Global_lipid_network_analysis_of_plasma_lipidomic_differences_between_breast_cancer_patients_BRC_prior_to_initiation_of_the_aromatase_inhibitor_6f82827773.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="847"></p><h5><strong>2.4. Multivariate Analysis of Plasma Lipidomic Profiles</strong></h5><p>Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to the lipidomic dataset to assess global variation and group separation between the BRC and AI groups (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#fig_body_display_ijms-27-01926-f002">Figure 2</a>). PCA was performed as an unsupervised analysis, including all samples and quality control (QC) samples. The first two principal components explained 37.9% (PC1) and 15.6% (PC2) of the total variance, accounting for 53.5% of the cumulative variance. QC samples clustered tightly near the center of the PCA score plot, indicating analytical stability and reproducibility of the LC–MS measurements. In the PCA score plot, samples from the BRC and AI groups showed partial overlap, with no complete separation observed along the first two principal components. To further evaluate group discrimination, a supervised OPLS-DA model was constructed using the same dataset. The OPLS-DA score plot demonstrated improved separation between the BRC and AI groups along the first latent variable, with group-specific clustering highlighted by confidence ellipses. Permutation testing confirmed that the supervised OPLS-DA model was not overfitted, with a negative Q<sup>2</sup> intercept (Q<sup>2</sup> = −0.55), indicating that permuted models lacked predictive ability compared with the original model (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#app1-ijms-27-01926">Supplementary Figure S1</a>). Together, these multivariate analyses indicate differences in lipidomic profiles between the BRC and AI groups, while also demonstrating acceptable analytical performance as evidenced by the clustering of QC samples.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Int_J_Mol_Sci_2026_27_4_1926_Figure_2_Multivariate_analysis_of_plasma_lipidomic_profiles_in_breast_cancer_patients_BRC_56f65f265b.jpg" alt="Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(4), 1926: Figure 2. Multivariate analysis of plasma lipidomic profiles in breast cancer patients (BRC) prior to initiation of the aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy and patients receiving AI. Principal component analysis (PCA) score plot (a) shows the distribution of plasma lipidomic profiles from patients before AI therapy (BRC, blue), patients receiving AI therapy (AI, red), and quality control samples (QC, gray). Orthogonal partial least squares–discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plot (b) demonstrates improved separation between BRC and AI groups. The ellipse represents the 95% Hotelling’s T2 confidence interval. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Int_J_Mol_Sci_2026_27_4_1926_Figure_2_Multivariate_analysis_of_plasma_lipidomic_profiles_in_breast_cancer_patients_BRC_56f65f265b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="652"></p><h4><strong>4. Materials and Methods</strong></h4><h5><strong>4.5. Lipidomic Analysis</strong></h5><p>Chromatographic separation was performed using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=55&amp;search=ExionLC"><strong>ExionLC system</strong></a> (SCIEX, Framingham, MA, USA) coupled to a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=55&amp;search=6500"><strong>QTRAP<sup>®</sup> 6500+ mass spectrometer </strong></a>(SCIEX, Framingham, MA, USA). Lipids were separated on an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1953"><strong>ACQUITY Premier BEH C8 column</strong></a> (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm; Waters Corporation, Wilmslow, UK). The column temperature was kept at 55 °C, and the autosampler was set to 10 °C. The mobile phases consisted of solvent A (acetonitrile/water, 6:4, <span>v</span>/<span>v</span>, containing 10 mM ammonium acetate) and solvent B (isopropanol/acetonitrile, 9:1, <span>v</span>/<span>v</span>, containing 10 mM ammonium acetate), delivered at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The total analytical run time was 20 min per sample. Data acquisition was carried out using Analyst software (version 1.6.2), and data processing and semiautomatic peak integration were performed with MultiQuant software (version 3.0; SCIEX, Framingham, MA, USA). Samples were analyzed in a randomized sequence with continuous monitoring of quality control samples. Raw peak areas were QC-normalized by LOESS [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B48-ijms-27-01926">48</a>] and IS-normalized by the corresponding IS class for each lipid.</p><h5><strong>4.6. Statistical Analysis</strong></h5><p>The data were processed using the Metabol package [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B48-ijms-27-01926">48</a>] in R program (v 3.6.3). Preprocessing of the data included locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS), Pareto scaling, filtering of analytes (coefficients of variation in the QC above 30%), mean centering, and the lnPQN normalization (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#app1-ijms-27-01926">Supplementary Table S1</a>) [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B49-ijms-27-01926">49</a>]. Univariate statistical analysis (based on the non-parametric non-paired Mann–Whitney U test (<span>p</span>-values shown as −log) together with the log2 fold-change in medians) was performed and visualized using GraphPad Prism (version 9.0, GraphPad Software, LLC, Boston, MA, USA). Data were also evaluated using multivariate statistical analysis, namely the principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal discriminant analysis by partial least squares (OPLS-DA) and validated by permutation using SIMCA software (version 18.0, Sartorius Umetrics, Umeå, Sweden). Benjamini–Hochberg correction was used for false discovery rate correction. Detected lipid species were mapped to standardized lipid classes and subclasses according to accepted lipidomics nomenclature, enabling consistent grouping of lipid species for downstream statistical, class-level, and network analyses. LipidOne 2.4 was further used to support lipid-centric data integration and visualization prior to multivariate and pathway-based analyses (such as heatmaps, ROC analyses using a Naive-Bayesian model and Logistic Regression model, and protein–protein interaction network based on lipidomics data) [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B50-ijms-27-01926">50</a>]. Lipid network visualization was performed using Cytoscape software (v 3.8.2) [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B51-ijms-27-01926">51</a>]. Differentially abundant lipid species were organized according to lipid class and structural similarity. Node size reflected the −log10 <span>p</span>-value from univariate analysis, while node color represented log2 fold change between groups. Calculation of Fisher’s combined probability test for assessing systematic lipid class-level differences was performed (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#app1-ijms-27-01926">Supplementary Table S2</a>) and calculated following procedures described previously [<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/4/1926#B52-ijms-27-01926">52</a>].</p><h4><strong>5. Conclusions</strong></h4><p>In conclusion, our findings demonstrate significant alterations in lipid metabolism in BRC patients undergoing AI therapy, with pronounced changes in Cer, SM, DG, TG, PC, PI, and PE lipids and lipid classes. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the differences in lipid metabolism between patients before and during AI treatment remain to be fully elucidated. Future longitudinal studies with paired pre- and post-treatment samples from the same individuals leveraging comprehensive lipidomic profiling are needed to deepen our understanding of AI-induced metabolic alterations and to inform the development of targeted interventions aimed at mitigating adverse effects, ultimately improving long-term outcomes and quality of life for these patients.</p></div></div>

Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy Is Associated with Distinct Plasma Lipidomic Profiles in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients

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The Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovations of the Technical University of Liberec, also known as CXI TUL, was founded in 2009. Our mission is to support TUL's long-term vision of collaboration with industry and innovation.

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Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

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Waters Andrew+ pipetting robot

Andrew+ pipetting robot offers fully automated liquid handling using electronic pipettes and labware holders called Dominos.

<div data-id="7b8f701" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div><h3><strong>Discover lab automation within reach</strong></h3></div></div><div data-id="c1b56fb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div><p><strong>Andrew+ pipetting robot offers fully automated liquid handling using electronic pipettes and labware holders called Dominos. By adding Device+, our ever-expanding portfolio of connected devices and tools for processes such as heating, shaking or labware transportation, Andrew+ evolves into a full walk-away automation solution.</strong></p><p>Creating the connected laboratory, Andrew+ is part of the&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.andrewalliance.com/laboratory-software/"><strong>OneLab</strong></a>&nbsp;ecosystem, executing laboratory protocols designed in OneLab.&nbsp; This flexible architecture enables you to effortlessly transition from laborious manual pipetting procedures to error-free, fully-robotized lab workflows – without any knowledge of programming, laboratory robotics or automation engineering.</p><blockquote><p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>Video: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IGu3YxkkZY0"><strong>Andrew+ Demo</strong></a></p></blockquote><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Andrew_pipetting_robot_4_0569f8609e.jpg" alt="Waters Andrew+ pipetting robot" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Andrew_pipetting_robot_4_0569f8609e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1440" height="540"></p><h3><strong>Andrew+ Case Studies&nbsp;</strong></h3><blockquote><p class="cke-user_style-important"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.andrewalliance.com/category/case-studies/"><span>See all case studies</span>&nbsp;</a></p></blockquote><div data-id="ee37b9e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div><h3><strong>Watch Andrew+ in action</strong></h3></div></div><div data-id="b265a33" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div><p>In these videos, our biologists explain how Andrew+ enables users to automate commonly used, laborious, liquid handling for PCR Prep and Plasmid DNA Purification, respectively, whilst ensuring superior repeatability and full traceability.</p><blockquote><p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>Video: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RnxDri3Z7f4"><strong>PCR Prep</strong></a></p><p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>Video: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWOkzqF9X9I"><strong>Plasmid DNA Prep</strong></a></p></blockquote><div data-id="fc9cb9e" data-element_type="column"><div><div data-id="cbb1a9b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div><h3><strong>Intuitive user interface</strong></h3></div></div><div data-id="3799119" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div><div><div><div><div><div><p>Reproducibility and full traceability of sample preparation is assured using a highly intuitive browser-based software environment.&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.andrewalliance.com/laboratory-software/"><strong>OneLab</strong></a> enables scientists to graphically design their own pipetting protocols in minutes and execute them straight away in any laboratory in the world, even allowing the remote monitoring of ongoing experiments. Use a flexible and secure platform that withstands the rigors of regulatory validation.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Onelab_design_2_489d32ac68/Waters-Onelab-design-2_l.webp" alt="Waters-Onelab-design-2_l.webp" width="1027" height="488"></p><div data-id="9199ea6" data-element_type="column"><div><div data-id="6db85f8" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div><h3><strong>Widest pipetting volume range</strong></h3></div></div><div data-id="ae0caea" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div><p>Andrew+ pipetting robot uses single and multichannel electronic pipettes, ensuring the best liquid handling performance and maximum flexibility. Smart electronic pipettes are manufactured by Sartorius and based upon their acclaimed Picus pipettes.</p><p>Electronic pipettes are optimized for used with the Andrew+ pipetting robot, allowing greater flexibility in the type of liquid handling experiments that can be run, providing superior experiment reproducibility, pipetting speed and a market leading dynamic range of dispensing volumes for a liquid handing robot –from 0.2 µL up to 10 mL.</p><figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:529/382;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Andrew_pipetting_robot_f5ca4f825d.jpg" alt="Waters Andrew+ pipetting robot.jpg" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Andrew_pipetting_robot_f5ca4f825d.jpg 216w," sizes="100vw" width="529" height="382"></figure><div data-id="ed235f6" data-element_type="column"><div><div data-id="ef6b933" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div><h3><strong>Andrew+ is compact</strong></h3></div></div><div data-id="7537e2e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div><div><div><div><div><div><p>The liquid handling robot is designed to fit the majority of laboratory benches and biosafety cabinets (BSC). Andrew+, even with 2 full rows of Dominos&nbsp;<i>(</i>allowing to use 7 microplates or 56 falcon tubes or 168 microtubes) occupies a depth of ~55cm/22”, that fits even the smallest hoods. The unique compact size and design of our liquid handler allows it to work at a temperature of 20°C-37°C.&nbsp;</p><figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:836/556;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Andrew_pipetting_robot_2_fb174b1453.jpg" alt="Waters Andrew+ pipetting robot - 2.jpg" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Andrew_pipetting_robot_2_fb174b1453.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="836" height="556"></figure><div data-id="c9b37a7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div><h3><strong>Versatile working deck, tools and devices for all your needs</strong></h3></div></div><section data-id="b802f90" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}"><div><div data-id="3e689f0" data-element_type="column"><div><div data-id="5dc9372" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div><p>The Andrew+ deck layout is quickly adaptable to your experiment materials and are incredibly easy to set with the ever-expanding range of Dominos: a magnetic-based modular solution that enables Andrew+ to use a broad range of consumables.</p></div></div></div></div><div data-id="5626074" data-element_type="column"><div><div data-id="40c6ef1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div><p>In addition to pipetting liquids, the Andrew+ liquid handler can perform a wide range of complex experimental steps such as tube/plate transport or solid-phase extraction using vacuum.<br>Thanks to OneLab, you will benefit to a seamless integration of new capabilities added to your setting.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Andrew_pipetting_robot_3_89b87a0d2e.jpg" alt="Waters Andrew+ pipetting robot - 3.jpg" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Andrew_pipetting_robot_3_89b87a0d2e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1734" height="598"></p><div data-id="d090821" data-element_type="column"><div><div data-id="f9d733b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div><h3><strong>Automated Protocols with Andrew+</strong></h3><p>Specifically optimized for Andrew+, various applications and methods guarantee the delivery of better pipetting accuracy and improved reproducibility.</p><blockquote><ul><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://onelab.andrewalliance.com/library/sars-cov-2-lc-ms-kit-ruo-9lwrvwkA"><span>Automated preparation of SARS-CoV-2 peptides for LC-MS analysis</span></a></div></li><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://onelab.andrewalliance.com/library/automated-antibody-purification-jlwKQ0aY"><span>Automated Antibody Purification for higher recovery and reproducibility</span></a></div></li><li><div><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://onelab.andrewalliance.com/app/lab/bl6MQP6z/library/standard-curve-generation-KlwRbwR3"><span>Reliable and Robust Sample Prep for Standard Curve Generation</span></a></div></li></ul><p class="cke-user_style-important"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://onelab.andrewalliance.com/library"><span><strong>More to discover in the Protocol Library</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><h3><strong>Get an extra pair of hands</strong></h3><div data-id="aa4715f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div><h4><strong>Reproducibility</strong></h4></div></div><div data-id="a1d2f3b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div><div><div data-animationtype="fadeInDown" data-animationduration="0.7" data-animationoffset="top-into-view"><div><p>Laboratory automation eliminates most human errors resulting in more reliable data and improved productivity. Together with complete integration inside OneLab, all experimental data from Andrew+ will be recorded and stored, improving the traceability of experiments and the data analysis.</p><div data-id="fb36639" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div><h4><strong>Productivity</strong></h4></div></div><div data-id="c5f6abd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div><div><div data-animationtype="fadeInDown" data-animationduration="0.7" data-animationoffset="top-into-view"><div><div><div data-animationtype="fadeInDown" data-animationduration="0.7" data-animationoffset="top-into-view"><div><p>Andrew+ combines the flexibility of single channel pipetting (0.2 μL to 10 mL) with the higher throughput of multichannel pipetting. In addition, Andrew+ reduces the need to repeat experiments due to pipetting errors.</p><div data-id="0a035d7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"><div><h4><strong>Promoting health</strong></h4></div></div><div data-id="a72e364" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"><div><div><div data-animationtype="fadeInDown" data-animationduration="0.7" data-animationoffset="top-into-view"><div><div id="applications"><div><div><div><div><div id="icon-area" data-animationoffset="top-into-view"><div><div data-animationtype="fadeInDown" data-animationduration="0.7" data-animationoffset="top-into-view"><div><p>Pipetting requires repetitive movements (of up to 500 times per day for the average user) that can lead to musculo-skeletal disorders like repetitive strain injury. Andrew+ helps eliminates physical stress to professionals, and also reduces the risk of exposure to hazardous materials used in certain experimental procedures.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Waters Otto SPEcialist

Controlled by an interfaced tablet, the easy-to-use Otto software simplifies solid-phase extraction method development and transfer, positive pressure optimization, and real-time manipulation of pressure profiles to further improve method robustness.

<div><div><h4><strong>Consistent, reproducible solid-phase extraction sample preparation &nbsp;</strong></h4></div></div><div><div><p><strong>Improving the reproducibility, method transfer, and processing efficiency of solid-phase extraction (SPE) sample preparation is challenging, and addressing it starts with your solutions. Achieve high-quality sample preparation and extraction by reducing user variability with the programmed pressure profiles and methods on the Otto SPEcialist Positive Pressure Manifold.</strong></p><p>Controlled by an interfaced tablet, the easy-to-use Otto software simplifies <strong>solid-phase extraction</strong> method development and transfer, positive pressure optimization, and real-time manipulation of pressure profiles to further improve method robustness. The <strong>Otto SPEcialist Positive Pressure Manifold</strong> is a semi-automated system designed for use with both SPE plates and cartridges, including µElution and macro elution plates and 1 cc, 3 cc, and 6 cc cartridges.</p><div><div><div><div><ul><li><strong>Improve reproducibility</strong> and method development for SPE sample preparation</li><li><strong>Achieve consistent performance</strong> across SPE runs by eliminating technique variation due to differing levels of user expertise</li><li><strong>Accommodate varying SPE processing needs</strong> from very low to high flow rates for sorbent bed drying</li><li>Ensure novice and expert SPE users can get up and running quickly with <strong>easy-to-use software</strong> that requires little to no training</li><li><strong>Perform multiple workflows</strong> in a single day</li><li>Process a wide range of sample volumes using <strong>micro and macro elution plates</strong>; and <strong>1 cc, 3 cc, and 6 cc cartridges</strong></li><li><strong>Compact device</strong> that fits easily on a bench or under a hood</li></ul></div></div><div><div><h5><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h5><p>To improve reproducibility and analytical consistency during <strong>sample preparation and solid-phase extraction</strong>.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Otto_SP_Ecialist_4_66c2f095a0.jpg" alt="Waters Otto SPEcialist: The Otto Specialist Positive Pressure Manifold is designed to improve analytical consistency during sample preparation and solid-phase extraction. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Otto_SP_Ecialist_4_66c2f095a0.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p><div><div><h3><strong>Optimize solid-phase extraction workflow efficiency</strong></h3><p>The <strong>Otto SPEcialist Positive Pressure Manifold</strong> is controlled by the easy-to-use <strong>Otto Software</strong>. The <strong>touchscreen interface</strong> requires little-to-no training for novice and expert SPE users. Easily create pressure profiles with optimized flow rates for each step of your process. Whether it’s a simple “load, wash, elute” or a more complicated workflow with multiple steps, <strong>Otto Software</strong> makes running programed methods simple.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Otto_SP_Ecialist_ade08ca842.jpg" alt="Waters Otto SPEcialist: Pressure profile example created in the Otto SPEcialist software designed to increase pressure over time. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Otto_SP_Ecialist_ade08ca842.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p></div></div><div><div><h3><strong>Ensure consistent SPE</strong></h3><p>Running programmed methods, including a combination of pressure profiles and manifold commands, eliminates user-to-user variability ensuring consistency across users and labs. <strong>Otto Software</strong> tracks and documents each pressure profile and method processed, ensuring workflow consistency.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Otto_SP_Ecialist_2_9dc31e4ffc.jpg" alt="Waters Otto SPEcialist: Method set-up on an Otto SPEcialist System incorporating opening and closing of the manifold, pausing the method, and running a pressure profile. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Otto_SP_Ecialist_2_9dc31e4ffc.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p></div></div><div><div><h3><strong>Reproducible, high-quality results</strong></h3><p><strong>Reproducibility</strong> is especially important when generating <strong>calibration curves</strong>. With its <strong>programmable pressure profiles</strong> and methods, <strong>Otto SPEcialist Positive Pressure Manifold</strong> performs consistently across all SPE runs, independent of user expertise.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Otto_SP_Ecialist_3_adeb0ee489.jpg" alt="Waters Otto SPEcialist: Calibration curves for sulfadimethoxine generated on a vacuum manifold and Otto SPEcialist by a novice user. Replicates (n=3) of each level of the curve were run and standard deviations were determined and are indicated error bars. The Otto SPEcialist error bars, while present are very small and difficult to discern. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Otto_SP_Ecialist_3_adeb0ee489.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="682"></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Thermo Scientific Dionex AutoTrace 280 Solid-Phase Extraction Instrument

Extract analytes of interest from large volume aqueous samples easily and efficiently with the Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ AutoTrace™ 280 Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) Instrument.

<p><strong>Extract analytes of interest from large volume aqueous samples easily and efficiently with the Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ AutoTrace™ 280 Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) Instrument.&nbsp;</strong></p><p>The AutoTrace 280 automates all four steps of SPE (conditioning, loading, rinsing, and eluting), reducing solvent consumption and improving recovery and reproducibility. Boost productivity and reduce cost of analysis by simultaneously processing up to six samples in 2-3 hours with only 15 minutes of operator involvement. The AutoTrace 280 meets requirements in US EPA methods including the 500 and 600 series.</p><h5><strong>Improved reliability and recovery</strong></h5><ul><li>Automated SPE minimizes operator intervention</li><li>Positive pressure loading and elution of samples and solvents provide constant flow for improved analytical precision</li></ul><h5><strong>Flexibility in operation</strong></h5><ul><li>Loads sample volumes from 20 mL to 4 L</li><li>Compatible with 1, 3, and 6 mL cartridges and with 47 mm SPE disks</li><li>Automatically conditions, rinses, and elutes SPE cartridges with a choice of five solvents</li><li>Offers a choice of six different collection vial racks</li></ul><h5><strong>Improved laboratory safety</strong></h5><ul><li>Minimal sample handling reduces operator exposure to hazardous chemicals</li><li>No hood required</li></ul><h5><strong>Enhanced laboratory productivity and reduced costs</strong></h5><ul><li>Unattended operation</li><li>Batch processing of up to 6 samples</li><li>Reduced solvent usage</li><li>Segregates aqueous and solvent waste using separate waste lines for efficient, cost-effective waste handling</li></ul><h5><strong>Supports a range of matrices and applications</strong></h5><ul><li>Ability to process samples containing suspended solids</li><li>Meets requirements for solid-phase extraction for U.S. EPA methods including 500 and 600 series</li></ul><h5><strong>Recommended use</strong></h5><ul><li>Analyze prepared samples with Thermo Scientific LC or GC systems for a fully integrated workflow</li></ul><h4><strong>Specifications</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Instrument Type:</strong> Automated Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) System</li><li><strong>Application:</strong> For use with 47 mm SPE disks</li><li><strong>Model Description:</strong> AutoTrace 280 SPE System</li></ul><h5><strong>Performance &amp; Operating Details</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Disk Compatibility:</strong> Designed for 47 mm SPE disks</li><li><strong>Pressure Range:</strong><ul><li>Output: 0 to 30 psi (0 to 1.4 bar)</li><li>Input: Up to 100 psi (6.9 bar) maximum</li></ul></li><li><strong>Voltage:</strong> 100–240 V ±10%</li><li><strong>Frequency:</strong> 47–63 Hz</li></ul><h5><strong>Physical Specifications</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Dimensions (D × W × H):</strong> 57 × 63.5 × 69 cm</li><li><strong>Unit Size:</strong> Each</li></ul>

Thermo Scientific EXTREVA ASE Accelerated Solvent Extractor

Achieve true walkaway sample-to-vial sample preparation with the Thermo Scientific™ EXTREVA™ ASE™ Accelerated Solvent Extractor. 

<p><strong>Achieve true walkaway sample-to-vial sample preparation with the Thermo Scientific™ EXTREVA™ ASE™ Accelerated Solvent Extractor. Without any intervention, perform sample extraction, in-cell cleanup and evaporation—all in one seamless operation—reducing manual labor from hours to minutes and enabling you to focus on other lab priorities while using up to 50% less solvent than other sample preparation techniques.</strong></p><p><strong>Accelerate your journey from sample to vial</strong></p><h5><strong>The EXTREVA ASE Accelerated Solvent Extractor offers:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>All-in-one sample preparation.</strong> The EXTREVA ASE system automatically extracts and concentrates samples, eliminating the need to manually move sample extracts to another device for solvent evaporation.</li><li><strong>A walk-away solution. </strong>The system minimizes hands-on sample preparation tasks, enabling staff to accomplish other tasks.</li><li><strong>Parallel extraction. </strong>One EXTREVA ASE system can perform four parallel sample extractions, substantially increasing throughput.</li><li><strong>Gas-assisted extraction. </strong>The dynamic gas-assisted extraction mode reduces solvent consumption to between 5 and 100 milliliters per sample in most cases.</li><li><strong>Automation. </strong>Full automation improves recoveries and reproducibility while reducing training needs. Unlike humans, automated systems are ideal for performing the same tedious task repeatedly, and they don’t make mistakes.</li><li><strong>Method flexibility and optimization</strong>. Up to six different solvents can be used, including wash solvents for cleaning between methods. Precise flow control optimizes methods.</li><li><strong>Barcode-reading.</strong> The system tracks sample information and preparation parameters using a 2-D bar code reader to facilitate tracking and integrity. Data is recorded on the instrument or Thermo Scientific™ <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/76"><strong>Chromeleon™ Chromatography Data System (CDS) software</strong></a>.</li></ul><h4><strong>Specifications</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Instrument Type:</strong> Automated Sample Preparation System</li><li><strong>Application:</strong> Simultaneous sample extraction and concentration</li><li><strong>Model Description:</strong> EXTREVA ASE Extraction and Evaporation System</li></ul><h5><strong>Performance &amp; Capabilities</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Extraction Temperature Range:</strong> 40–200 °C</li><li><strong>Evaporation Temperature Range:</strong> 40–100 °C</li><li><strong>Compatible Solvents:</strong> Wide range of organic and aqueous solvents</li><li><strong>Pressure Capability:</strong> Up to 200 psi</li><li><strong>Power Consumption:</strong> 2000 W</li><li><strong>Frequency:</strong> 50/60 Hz</li></ul><h5><strong>Sample &amp; Solvent Handling</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Extraction Cells (stainless steel):</strong> 1, 5, 10, 22, 34, 66, 100 mL</li><li><strong>Extraction Cell Tray:</strong> 16-position with 1 rinse</li><li><strong>Collection Vials:</strong><ul><li>60 mL and 100 mL evaporation vials</li><li>250 mL evaporation bottles</li><li>Direct concentrate to 2 mL sample vials with rinse capability</li></ul></li><li><strong>Collection Vial Tray:</strong> 16-position tray insert for 60 mL vials and 250 mL bottles; includes 4 rinse positions</li></ul><h5><strong>Utilities &amp; Requirements</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Pneumatic Requirements:</strong><ul><li>Air: 130–140 psi</li><li>Nitrogen: 350–450 psi</li></ul></li></ul><h5><strong>Physical Specifications</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Dimensions (D × W × H):</strong> 65.2 × 100 × 88.6 cm (25.6 × 39.4 × 34.8 in.)</li><li><strong>Weight:</strong> 160 kg (353 lb)</li><li><strong>Unit Size:</strong> Each</li></ul>

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