Given the ever-increasing demands on drinking water quality and societal pressure for the reuse of treated wastewater, somatic coliphages are being monitored as novel indicators for evaluating the efficiency of water treatment and purification processes. Therefore, it is highly important to monitor their presence in specific types of water, particularly water intended for human consumption.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ALS_Czech_Republic_Enviro_Mail_18_Europe_Tracking_the_Unseen_The_Identification_of_Somatic_Coliphages_in_All_Water_Types_5e15f40bb7.jpg" alt="ALS Czech Republic:&nbsp;EnviroMail™ 18/Europe: Tracking the Unseen: The Identification of Somatic Coliphages in All Water Types: Figure 1: Example of plaque units on the Petri dish." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ALS_Czech_Republic_Enviro_Mail_18_Europe_Tracking_the_Unseen_The_Identification_of_Somatic_Coliphages_in_All_Water_Types_5e15f40bb7.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1640" height="678"><h3>Introduction</h3>Somatic coliphages are currently a significant topic in the realm of water quality control, as they exhibit certain morphological similarities to human enteric viruses and may serve as potential indicator organisms for viral contamination in water. Somatic coliphages are viruses that infect bacteria such as Escherichia coli and are, therefore, ideal indicators of faecal contamination in water. Although somatic coliphages are not pathogenic to humans, they thrive in the same conditions and exhibit very similar behaviour to viruses that are hazardous to humans. These pathogenic, so-called enteric viruses can cause highly unpleasant infectious diseases of the digestive tract in humans. Consequently, if somatic coliphages are detected in the analysed water, there is a high probability that pathogenic viruses are also present in the water.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ALS_Czech_Republic_Enviro_Mail_18_Europe_Tracking_the_Unseen_The_Identification_of_Somatic_Coliphages_in_All_Water_Types_2_647eb292e5.jpg" alt="ALS Czech Republic:&nbsp;EnviroMail™ 18/Europe: Tracking the Unseen: The Identification of Somatic Coliphages in All Water Types: Figure 2: The Phi X 174 bacteriophage illustrative picture." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ALS_Czech_Republic_Enviro_Mail_18_Europe_Tracking_the_Unseen_The_Identification_of_Somatic_Coliphages_in_All_Water_Types_2_647eb292e5.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="679" height="207"><h3>Why is Coliphages Testing Essential?</h3>Coliphages play a crucial role as an indicator of water quality. Their presence can signal potential risks to public health, such as the presence of enteric viruses and bacteria.Monitoring somatic coliphages serves as an effective early warning system against faecal contamination in water supplies. When higher levels of these viruses are detected, it prompts further investigations and interventions, thereby aiding in the prevention of waterborne diseases. Moreover, tracking somatic coliphage levels is essential for assessing the effectiveness of water treatment processes, including disinfection and filtration, thus safeguarding water quality.Ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements and standards for the sanitary quality of drinking and hot water is another critical aspect protecting the public health. The study of somatic coliphages and their behaviour in the environment contributes to epidemiological screening efforts. Such a research provides valuable insight into the surveillance of waterborne diseases and can inform about diseases prevention strategies. Understanding the patterns and behaviour of coliphages in different environmental conditions enhances our ability to predict and mitigate potential outbreaks.<h3>Legislation</h3>The Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council (EU) 2020/2184 from 16 December 2020 on the quality of water intended for human consumption came into force on 12 January 2021, which is a comple- tely recast amendment to the Directive 98/83/EC. The implementation of this Directive into national legislation was planned for the end of 2022 / 2023. Somatic coliphages are also mentioned in the Regula- tion 2020/741 of the European Parliament and of the Council (EU) of 25 May 2020 on minimum requirements for water reuse, which should provide Member States with relatively simple rules for the reuse of treated urban water.<h3>The Methodology for Somatic Coliphages Determination</h3>Since somatic coliphages are viruses, water analysis is carried out in a completely different way compared to determination of bacterial parameters. The analysis is very complex and consists of several subsequent steps, where it is necessary to adhere to the exact time frame and specific conditions.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ALS_Czech_Republic_Enviro_Mail_18_Europe_Tracking_the_Unseen_The_Identification_of_Somatic_Coliphages_in_All_Water_Types_5_3797409a4d.jpg" alt="ALS Czech Republic:&nbsp;EnviroMail™ 18/Europe: Tracking the Unseen: The Identification of Somatic Coliphages in All Water Types: Table 1: Methods overview." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ALS_Czech_Republic_Enviro_Mail_18_Europe_Tracking_the_Unseen_The_Identification_of_Somatic_Coliphages_in_All_Water_Types_5_3797409a4d.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="829" height="334"><h3>Best Sampling and Transportation Practise</h3>For the proper execution of the analysis and to deliver high-quality and reliable results to clients, it is essential to ensure:<div><div><div><div><ul><li>Validated matrices: drinking, raw, bottled, surface, ground, processing and waste water.&nbsp;</li><li>Use the correct sample container: for coliphages analysis the 500mL white plastic container filled with sodium thiosulphate (this solution neutralises chlorine from water pipes, preventing the death of live microorganisms and phages that are sensitive to the presence of chlorine, and thereby avoiding the reporting of false negative results).&nbsp;</li><li>Minimum amount of sample: 200 mL of tested water.&nbsp;</li><li>Compliance with appropriate conditions during sample transport to the lab must be ensured: cooling the sample in the range 4 - 8°C.&nbsp;</li><li>The analysis must be performed within three days (Holding Time 72 hours) of sampling. For this reason, samples must be delivered to the laboratory no later than Thursday morning in the given week.</li></ul><h3>Evaluation of Cultivation: Determination of Plaque Units (unit PFU - Plaque Forming Unit)</h3><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ALS_Czech_Republic_Enviro_Mail_18_Europe_Tracking_the_Unseen_The_Identification_of_Somatic_Coliphages_in_All_Water_Types_4_134e59c5e5.jpg" alt="ALS Czech Republic:&nbsp;EnviroMail™ 18/Europe: Tracking the Unseen: The Identification of Somatic Coliphages in All Water Types: Figure 3: (A) An optimal number of plaque units for counting and evaluation; (B) Borderline number of plaque units which can be counted and evaluated. Further dilution of sample is needed, and membrane filtration method is not suitable; (C) Sample is too contaminated for plaque units to be enumerated and evaluated. Overgrown plates are discarded and sample dillution must be performed prior the next analysis. Membrane filtration method is not suitable." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ALS_Czech_Republic_Enviro_Mail_18_Europe_Tracking_the_Unseen_The_Identification_of_Somatic_Coliphages_in_All_Water_Types_4_134e59c5e5.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="938" height="309"></div></div></div></div>

EnviroMail™ 18/Europe: Tracking the Unseen: The Identification of Somatic Coliphages in All Water Types

<h4>Is a Nitrogen Evaporator Faster than your Current Sample Concentration Method?</h4>In laboratory environments where sample preparation is a daily task, every minute counts. Whether you’re working in environmental testing, pharmaceuticals, food safety, or chemical analysis, sample evaporation is a necessary but often time-consuming step in your workflow.If your current evaporation method is slowing down your productivity—whether it’s <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/manual-to-automated-solvent-drying-is-it-worth-the-switch?hsLang=en">evaporating samples by hand</a>, air drying in a fume hood, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/diy-evaporation-setups-vs.-professional-nitrogen-blowdown-systems-knowing-when-to-upgrade?hsLang=en">using a DIY setup</a>, or relying on an inefficient evaporator—you might be spending far more time than necessary on solvent removal.That’s where nitrogen evaporators come in. These systems use a steady stream of nitrogen gas and a gentle heat source to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/article/5392">accelerate solvent evaporation</a>, offering a faster, more controlled, and more efficient solution than alternative methods. But just how much time could you save?<h3>Try Our Time-Saving Calculator</h3>To help you understand the potential efficiency gains, we’ve created a Nitrogen Evaporation Time-Saving Calculator. By inputting details about your current evaporation process, such as solvent volume, sample throughput, and evaporation time, you can get a customized estimate of how much time you could be saving every day.<h3>Why Traditional Evaporation Methods Are Holding You Back</h3>Many labs still rely on slow, manual, or outdated evaporation techniques that waste technician hours and introduce inconsistencies in sample preparation. Here are some of the most common methods—and their drawbacks:<h4 style="font-size:20px;">1. Evaporating Samples One by One by Hand</h4>Manually monitoring each sample while waiting for solvent evaporation is tedious and inefficient. This method requires constant supervision, limiting the amount of work a technician can complete in a day. If your lab is handling multiple samples daily, the lost time quickly adds up.<h4 style="font-size:20px;">2. Air Drying in a Fume Hood</h4>While this is a simple and low-cost method, it is also one of the least efficient. Air drying can take hours or even days, depending on the solvent, solvent volume, and environmental conditions. Since it relies on passive airflow without the addition of a heat source, evaporation times can be inconsistent, and there is always a risk of contamination or sample loss due to open exposure.<h4 style="font-size:20px;">3. DIY Evaporation Setups</h4>Some labs attempt to create their own evaporation solutions using hot plates, Schlenk lines, fans, or other makeshift nitrogen setups. While these may work temporarily, they often lead to uneven evaporation, loss of volatile compounds, inconsistent results across samples, and gas leaks that waste nitrogen or compressed air.<h4 style="font-size:20px;">4. Using an Evaporator That Isn’t Optimized for Your Needs</h4>Even if your lab is using a sample evaporator, it may not be designed for your solvent type, batch size, or throughput requirements. Some evaporators work best for certain solvents but struggle with others, while others are limited by the number of samples they can process at one time. If your current evaporator isn’t properly suited for your workflow, you could still be wasting hours on unnecessary evaporation time.<h3>The Benefits of Nitrogen Evaporators</h3>Switching to a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=3&amp;manufacturerItems=540">nitrogen evaporator</a> can drastically improve lab efficiency by reducing solvent evaporation times and increasing sample throughput. Here’s how:<ul><li>Significantly Faster Evaporation – A steady stream of nitrogen paired with a gentle heat source speeds up solvent removal compared to air drying or manual evaporation, while keeping your samples safe.</li><li>Higher Sample Throughput – Process multiple samples at once, rather than evaporating them one at a time.</li><li>More Consistent Results – Avoid inconsistencies caused by passive or DIY evaporation methods. Nitrogen evaporators provide controlled, reproducible conditions for each sample.</li><li>Reduced Technician Workload – Free up lab personnel for more important tasks instead of spending hours monitoring evaporation.</li><li>Better Solvent Control – Minimize the risk of over-drying or losing volatile compounds, which can happen with passive drying or DIY methods.</li></ul><h3>Maximize Your Lab’s Efficiency Today</h3>Your lab’s time is valuable—why spend it on slow, inefficient evaporation methods? Instead of wasting technician hours on manual monitoring or unreliable setups, invest in a nitrogen evaporator that accelerates evaporation and improves consistency.To make sure the switch to a nitrogen evaporator makes sense for your lab, be sure to use our Time-Savings Calculator. Simply enter your current evaporation details and find out how that compares to the evaporation time you could expect from a nitrogen concentrator.Stop letting inefficient evaporation slow down your workflow—make the switch to nitrogen evaporation and optimize your lab’s productivity today!

How much time can I save drying my samples in a nitrogen evaporator?

Institute of Microbiology of the CAS enters Biotech Company AffiPro to boost its applied research and to introduce new tools for development of biologicals and biosimilars.The transfer of cutting-edge scientific results into practice, faster development of new products for earlier diagnostics, and research in biological drugs will be enabled by the new joint venture created between Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IMIC CAS) and the biotechnology company AffiPro s.r.o (LLC). Both partners own unique proprietary technologies and products for life science mass spectrometry. This strategic move opens up new opportunities for collaboration, especially in the field of personalized medicine.By entering the joint venture,&nbsp;biotech start-up company AffiPro (Company Registration Number 03889173) is becoming a&nbsp;spin-off of the Institute of Microbiology, which now owns 13.75% of the new entity, while 86.25% remains in possession of the current owners of AffiPro. The change has already been registered in the Commercial Register by the Municipal Court in Prague on May 14, 2025. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;“Our goal is to significantly accelerate and streamline the development of biological drugs while also delivering innovations that simplify the work of scientific teams in structural biology, life science mass spectrometry and clinical diagnostics,” says Petr Pompach, managing director and co-founder of AffiPro.“We use technologies such as immobilized enzyme reactors (IMERs), protein chips, &nbsp;and robotic systems for automated sample processing. These tools enable detailed analysis of post-translational modifications of proteins or structural characterization of proteins and nucleic acids,” he adds.According to Petr Novák, another AffiPro co-founder and head of the Laboratory of Structural Biology and Cell Signaling at the Institute of Microbiology CAS in the BIOCEV center, the company’s main objective is to contribute to the development of personalized medicine: “Our technologies are already being used for the analysis of proteins and biological drugs, as well as in clinical diagnostics. We are also developing tools for the detailed analysis of oligonucleotides, which will be useful in gene therapies and mRNA-based vaccines.”<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/MBU_Mikrobiologicky_ustav_AV_CR_vstupuje_do_biotechnologicke_spolecnosti_Affi_Pro_pomuze_to_vyvoji_novych_leciv_2_6aefdabcd5.jpg" alt="MBU: Institute of Microbiology Enters Biotech Company AffiPro: From left: RNDr. Petr Novák, Ph.D. | Head of the Laboratory of Structural Biology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Microbiology CAS at BIOCEV; RNDr. Petr Pompach, Ph.D. | Managing Director of AffiPro; Ing. Jiří Hašek, CSc. | Director of the Institute of Microbiology CAS." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_MBU_Mikrobiologicky_ustav_AV_CR_vstupuje_do_biotechnologicke_spolecnosti_Affi_Pro_pomuze_to_vyvoji_novych_leciv_2_6aefdabcd5.jpg 173w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="1384">AffiPro has experienced fast organic growth of its protein reactors and protein chips product lines and is currently expanding its unique portfolio of products for basic research, healthcare, and the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. The combination of the Academy of Sciences’ strong research portfolio with the agility of a&nbsp;small start-up company creates a&nbsp;strong platform for innovation, future technology transfer, and industrial partnerships. AffiPro’s research, development, and production facilities are located in Vestec near Prague, within the STAR science and technology cluster.“I would like to thank everyone involved in the commercialization of the outputs of our institute’s activities. This is the first time in its history that IMIC CAS owns a&nbsp;share in a&nbsp;spin-off company. The AffiPro’s successful development in recent years and unique plans provide a&nbsp;solid foundation for continued collaboration between our institute and the company. I&nbsp;believe this is a&nbsp;logical step that will benefit both parties and enhance the competitiveness of the Czech biotechnology industry,” says Jiří Hašek, Director of the Institute of Microbiology of the CAS.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/MBU_Mikrobiologicky_ustav_AV_CR_vstupuje_do_biotechnologicke_spolecnosti_Affi_Pro_pomuze_to_vyvoji_novych_leciv_75c7d1eeaa.jpg" alt="MBU: Institute of Microbiology Enters Biotech Company AffiPro:&nbsp;AffiPro s.r.o. specializes in the development and distribution of enzymatic columns, robotic devices for hydrogen-deuterium exchange (pictured), and functionalized surfaces for clinical applications." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_MBU_Mikrobiologicky_ustav_AV_CR_vstupuje_do_biotechnologicke_spolecnosti_Affi_Pro_pomuze_to_vyvoji_novych_leciv_75c7d1eeaa.jpg 221w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="1086"><blockquote>Source: Press Release of IMIC CASMore information at: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www.affipro.cz">www.affipro.cz</a> | <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www.mbu.cas.cz">www.mbu.cas.cz </a>| <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www.biocev.eu">www.biocev.eu</a> | <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www.star-cluster.cz">www.star-cluster.cz</a></blockquote>

Institute of Microbiology Enters Biotech Company AffiPro

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The Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS) was established by Act No. 283/1992 Coll. as the Czech successor of the former Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. It is set up as a complex of 54 public research institutions.

Akademie věd České republiky

For more than 40 years, ALS has provided testing and technical solutions to clients all over the world in a wide range of industries. We have built our global reputation by embracing the latest technologies and innovative methodologies to deliver high quality testing services to clients. ALS is able to leverage a multifaceted international team while remaining agile enough to provide local expertise and personalized solutions to every one of our clients.

ALS Czech Republic

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

Watrex SCS 205 GPC Sample cleanup system

The Watrex Streamline SCS 205 Sample Clean-up System is designed for GPC sample pretreatment.

Sample clean-up is an essential method for many routine chromatography applications. One of the most common cases is analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides in complex mixtures.The initial step is an isolation of hydrophobic (lipophilic) components from the rest of the sample mixture by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC).In such configuration, triglycerides (700-900Da) can be isolated from low molecular (200-300Da) PAHs, PCBs or pesticides using GPC steric exclusion. SCS 205 is a dedicated system for GPC sample pretreatment. SCS 205 includes an isocratic pump double piston pump, manual injector with preparative sample loop, PAH/PCB preparative column (200mg sample loading capacity), fraction collector and start-up kit. .The entire system is controlled from a TFT touch display through intuitive screens.After injection and GPC separation, the purified sample (PAHs, PCBs etc.) is captured by an automated fraction collection usinga3-way motorized switching valve. The timing of the collection is predetermined from the elution profile of the pollutants.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Watrex_SCS_205_Sample_cleanup_system_column_7dce4f25e0.jpg" alt="Watrex: Watrex SCS 205 Sample cleanup system - column"><h3>FEATURES</h3><ul><li>High performance pollutant izolation from complex matrices</li><li>Eluent flexibility</li><li>Easy programmable</li><li>Easy installation &amp; Simple operation</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Watrex_SCS_205_Sample_cleanup_system_schema_ad45276ad0.jpg" alt="Watrex: Watrex SCS 205 Sample cleanup system - schema"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Watrex_SCS_205_Sample_cleanup_system_graph_10ce455cc3.jpg" alt="Watrex: Watrex SCS 205 Sample cleanup system - graph"><h3>TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION</h3><ul><li>Sampling System: manual valve</li><li>Sample volume: 2 mL loop</li><li>Fraction collection: 50mL flask</li><li>Collection time programming: alternating valve switching to waste/collect/waste</li><li>Display: 4-character</li></ul><h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>SCS205-001 SCS 205 Sample Clean-up System (Price 8 627 € ex VAT)</li><li>WI02077 WATREX 250x16 mm PAH Prep column, 10 um</li><li>DGD.3008 WATREX 300x8 mm DeltaGel Mixed-D column, 5 um</li><li>DGB.25020 WATREX 250x20 mm DeltaGel Mixed-B column, 5 um</li></ul>You can also visit this product on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/dedicated-instruments/scs-205-sample-clean-up-system/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

Identification of the substance – what is in your sample? (Bioanalytic)

We are able to identify metabolites and products of chemical reactions, contaminants of biological and chemical substances and preparations, and perform profiling of a series of samples to study the kinetics of transformations.

<h4>Substance Identification - Looking for answers to what's in your sample? - we can help you.</h4>Substance identification based on LC-MS/MS techniques can involve single compounds or mixtures of substances. In our analyses, we rely primarily on the knowledge and skills we have acquired after many years of work. For analysis, we use full laboratory facilities for sample preparation and high-resolution mass spectrometry (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labexperts.com.pl/o-nas/">equipment</a>).We use different work algorithms depending on the material we are dealing with and the analytical task to be solved. We use DDA (IDA) or DIA (SWATH) methods or targeted approaches (e.g. MRMhr) if we know what to expect. Thus, we are able to identify metabolites and products of chemical reactions, contaminants of biological and chemical substances and preparations, and perform profiling of a series of samples to study the kinetics of transformations.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_substance_what_is_in_your_sample_2_0f425a648b.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Identification of the substance – what is in your sample" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_substance_what_is_in_your_sample_2_0f425a648b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1881" height="1156"><h4>COST OF SERVICE</h4>We determine the cost of the service individually. The final cost is influenced by many factors related to the nature of the sample itself and the client's expectations. Thus, the price depends, among other things, on the complexity of the sample preparation procedure, the scope and number of analyses, etc.The service includes (depending on individual arrangements):<h5>Development of sample preparation procedure</h5><ul><li>Depending on the matrix and test substances.</li></ul><h5>Development of analytical methods</h5><ul><li>Application of high-resolution LC-MS/MS analyses using DDA (IDA) or DIA (SWATH) experiments and software to support the development of targeted screening methods.</li></ul><h5>Analysis of results includes:</h5><ul><li>finding and identifying the substances of interest, interpreting MS/MS spectra and proposing a structural formula.</li><li>Comparative analysis of sample series, e.g. PCA,</li><li>profiling of analytes in sample series</li></ul><h5>Reporting of results</h5><ul><li>Compile results into easy-to-read reports.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_substance_what_is_in_your_sample_3_c1b8adc1d0.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Identification of the substance – what is in your sample" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_substance_what_is_in_your_sample_3_c1b8adc1d0.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1919" height="1208">

Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies (Bioanalytic)

At LabExperts, proteomic analyses are performed on a ZenoTOF 7600 high-resolution LC-MS/MS system (SCIEX). For MS/MS analyses, we use Collision induced dissociation (CID) and Electron-Activated Dissociation (EAD) fragmentation.

Antibodies are molecules made up of 4 polypeptide chains: two heavy (H - high-chain) linked to each other by a specific type of chemical bond - a disulfide bridge, and two light (L - light-chain) linked by an identical bond to the heavy chains. Monoclonal antibodies (mABs) are used in various forms - as free molecules, in the form of a drug-antibody combination, and in the form of an immunoconjugate, a drug-antibody-biopolymer combination.Their main use is in highly specific targeted therapy for cancer, cardiovascular, autoimmune and nervous system diseases. They are also used in the treatment of osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease or transplantation. The range of applications of monoclonal antibodies is systematically expanded. The introduction of a new antibody to the market requires complex product characterization, which involves numerous proteomic analyses, which are performed by LC-MS/MS techniques, among others.<h4>LC-MS/MS</h4>The characterization of monoclonal antibodies involves many aspects, including, but not limited to, a suite of analyses related to confirmation of the structure, chain sequence and degree of modification of the antibody. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are chemical changes that occur after the translation process. These changes generally result in an increase in the immunogenicity of the drug. For this reason, it is essential to monitor modifications as critical quality attributes (CQAs) during both the production and storage of the drug. To ensure monitoring of CQA points, the primary structure of the protein is characterized based on peptide mapping (peptide mapping) analysis. The protein under study is subjected to proteolytic digestion using enzymes such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, Lys-C, Glu-C. As a result of various proteolytic enzymes, a wide range of peptides is obtained. Ultimately, coverage of the entire sequence of the protein under study is obtained.<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:1536/947;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_3_d94fa1623b.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_3_d94fa1623b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="947"></figure>At LabExperts, proteomic analyses are performed on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=52&amp;search=ZenoTOF+7600">ZenoTOF 7600</a> high-resolution LC-MS/MS system (SCIEX). For MS/MS analyses, we use Collision induced dissociation (CID) and Electron-Activated Dissociation (EAD) fragmentation. This provides us with data for unambiguous identification of protein-building amino acids. We process the results using Sciex OS, Skyline and Spectronaut software.<blockquote>We perform:<ul><li>Whole protein analyses - Intact - to determine the exact mass and confirm the theoretical mass;</li><li>N-glycosylation profile determination (based on MS spectrum reconstruction):<ul><li>Glycosylated form;</li><li>Deglycosylated;</li><li>Glycosylated with reduced disulfide bridges;</li><li>Deglycosylated with reduced disulfide bridges.</li></ul></li><li>Peptide maps:<ul><li>Protein digestion with various proteases so that sequence coverage is close to 100%<ul><li>Analysis of PTMs:</li><li>Location of modifications</li></ul></li><li>[%] of modifications compared to the unmodified sequence</li></ul></li><li>TiPOS testing - (technical proof of similarity) - technical confirmation of the similarity of the protein synthesized by the customer (from several LOTs) with the target protein (provided as a template).</li></ul>In order to maintain the highest possible analytical standards, we perform monoclonal antibody analyses under the regime of an internally developed and implemented laboratory quality system based on GLP principles.See also our other proteomics services: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labexperts.com.pl/service/identyfikacja-bialek/">Protein identification</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1294">Protein quantitative analysis</a></blockquote><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_2_cb93143fe6.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_2_cb93143fe6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="908"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_1_0e8ab7cdfa.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Characteristics_of_monoclonal_antibodies_1_0e8ab7cdfa.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="858">

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Institute of Microbiology Enters Biotech Company AffiPro

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EnviroMail™ 18/Europe: Tracking the Unseen: The Identification of Somatic Coliphages in All Water Types