If you have been following my <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://concentratingonchromatography.com/">Concentrating on Chromatography podcast</a>, you know that I am constantly searching for the cutting edge of separation science. After years of interviewing the brightest minds in the field, it has become clear to me that the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/218">Multidimensional Chromatography Workshop (MDCW)</a> is undeniably the best up-and-coming event in our industry.While I was unfortunately traveling in Asia during the most recent session, I was able to catch every detail thanks to the incredible work of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/companies/1">LabRulez</a>. A huge thank you to Ivo Novotný and the LabRulez team for providing <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLg-M6fM-05MrGrDggkl_UKzzcHPWPmssh">Open Access video presentations</a> of the event. Their <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/">portal </a>is an invaluable resource for anyone who needs to find technical information quickly and efficiently.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Organomation_MDCW_The_Premier_Up_and_Coming_Event_in_Chromatography_2_65b378bf01.jpg" alt="Organomation: MDCW: The Premier Up-and-Coming Event in Chromatography" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Organomation_MDCW_The_Premier_Up_and_Coming_Event_in_Chromatography_2_65b378bf01.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1044" height="455"><h3>The Minds Behind the Magic</h3>I have had the privilege of featuring the core organizers of MDCW on my podcast, including <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/articles?search=Katelynn+Perrault+Uptmor">Katelynn Perrault Uptmor</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/articles?search=Dwight+Stoll">Dwight Stoll</a>, and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/articles?search=Petr+Vozka">Petr Vozka</a>. Their dedication to creating a space where forensic chemistry, environmental analysis, and metabolomics intersect is what makes this workshop so unique. The event is a perfect showcase for how multidimensional techniques—like GC×GC and 2D-LC—are essential for tackling the world's most complex samples.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Organomation_MDCW_The_Premier_Up_and_Coming_Event_in_Chromatography_265c9ec21e.jpg" alt="Organomation: MDCW: The Premier Up-and-Coming Event in Chromatography" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Organomation_MDCW_The_Premier_Up_and_Coming_Event_in_Chromatography_265c9ec21e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="792" height="230"><h3>Where Sample Prep Meets High-Resolution Analysis</h3>As we often discuss at Organomation, even the most advanced chromatographic systems depend on meticulous sample preparation. Two presentations highlighted in the LabRulez playlist perfectly illustrate the critical role of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.organomation.com/what-is-solvent-evaporation">solvent evaporation</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.organomation.com/what-is-sample-concentration">sample concentration</a>.<h3>Chemical Fingerprints: Emma Macturk’s Quest for Hidden Data</h3><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1W5197sp6IY">Emma Macturk</a>, working in Dr. Katelynn Perrault Uptmor’s lab, is redefining how we look at one of the oldest forms of forensic evidence: the fingerprint. While traditional forensics relies on the physical patterns of ridges and whorls, these are often incomplete or smudged in real-world scenarios. Emma’s research shifts the focus to the chemical residue left behind, which can provide vital "class characteristics" like the biological sex and relative age of a suspect.Her optimized workflow is a masterclass in handling complex biological matrices. Using a cotton swab to extract residue from surfaces, the samples are centrifuged and then "<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/article/5392">blown down</a>" (a critical concentration step for any trace analysis) before <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.organomation.com/what-is-reconstitution">being reconstituted for GC×GC-TOFMS</a>.What makes her work truly fascinating—and highly relevant for our readers at Organomation—is the discovery of anthropogenic compounds. Emma identified UVB blockers like octocrylene and various moisturizers hidden within the natural sterols and fatty acids of the skin. The power of multidimensional chromatography allows forensic scientists to resolve these external "lifestyle" markers from endogenous skin compounds, potentially providing a much more detailed profile of a suspect than a physical print ever could.<h3>The "Green" Revolution: Grace Saunders and the Future of Ballistics</h3><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClD4fjZMNtA">Grace Saunders</a> addressed a looming crisis in forensic ballistics: the shift toward "green ammunition." For decades, the gold standard for detecting gunshot residue (GSR) has been SEM-EDS, which looks for heavy metals like lead, barium, and antimony. However, modern environmental and health standards are leading manufacturers to omit these metals. This means that traditional standards are failing to identify GSR in cases involving green rounds.Grace’s research proposes a dual-pronged approach, using GC×GC to target Organic Gunshot Residue (OGSR). Her liquid extraction protocol is meticulous: samples are extracted in methanol, "<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.organomation.com/what-is-evaporation-to-dryness">evaporated to dryness under nitrogen</a>," and then reconstituted. This ensures that volatile and semi-volatile nitroaromatic compounds, such as nitroglycerin and diphenylamine, are concentrated enough for detection.By optimizing parameters like the modulation period (2.5 seconds) and switching to hydrogen carrier gas, Grace was able to resolve these critical markers from the complex background "noise" of human skin. Her work isn't just about better chemistry; it’s about legal survival. As she noted, forensic methods must meet Federal Rule 702 for admissibility in court. Without the organic profiling Grace is developing, evidence from a "green" firearm discharge might never make it past a judge.<h3>The Future of Chromatography</h3>The workshop also featured brilliant presenters like <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJm_JwHbArE">Ryland Giebelhaus</a>, whose work on the metabolomics of cannabis exposure during pregnancy shows the real-world impact of these technologies.The MDCW isn't just another conference; it is a community-driven powerhouse that bridges the gap between proof-of-concept and field-ready applications. Whether you are looking for advanced data reduction strategies or the latest in high-resolution mass spectrometry, this is the event to watch.<blockquote>If you missed it this year like I did, I highly recommend visiting the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?search=MDCW">LabRulez portal</a> to see the full breadth of research presented!</blockquote>

MDCW: The Premier Up-and-Coming Event in Chromatography

🎤Alex BrodyIn this episode of Concentrating on Chromatography, we sit down with Alex Brody, an organic chemist at Aqua America, to discuss the rigorous analytical methods required for regulated drinking water testing.Alex walks us through the multi-step PFAS detection process using EPA Method 537.1, including extraction, nitrogen blowdown concentration, and LC-MS analysis. He explains why sample preparation and quality control are critical for achieving trace-level detection—and why these methods can't be rushed or simplified, even with new technologies available.We also explore taste and odor investigations, disinfection byproducts, and volatile organic compounds, plus the surprising reality of why regulated labs move slowly when adopting new instrumentation. You'll learn about the quality control checkpoints, peer review processes, and the misconceptions surrounding analytical turnaround times in compliance labs.<h5>Topics Covered:</h5><ul><li>Role of organic chemistry in regulated drinking water labs</li><li>EPA compliance requirements and regulatory bodies (EPA, PA-DEP)</li><li>PFAS detection using Method 537.1 and LC-MS</li><li>The critical importance of nitrogen blowdown sample concentration</li><li>Taste and odor analysis: MIB, Geosmin, and unknown compound identification</li><li>Why regulated methods evolve slowly (validation timelines, approval processes)</li><li>Quality control procedures: calibration checks, matrix spikes, surrogate standards, internal standards</li><li>Automated sample preparation and lab efficiency</li><li>Future PFAS regulations and Method 533 expansion</li></ul><h5>Ideal For:</h5><ul><li>Analytical chemists and environmental lab professionals</li><li>Water utilities and compliance officers</li><li>Chromatography practitioners interested in regulated workflows</li><li>Anyone curious about how drinking water safety is ensured</li></ul><h2>Video Transcription</h2><h3>Ensuring Safe Drinking Water Through Advanced Analytical Chemistry</h3><h4>Insights from a Regulated Water Testing Laboratory</h4>Analytical laboratories responsible for regulated drinking water testing operate under strict compliance frameworks to ensure the delivery of safe and reliable water supplies. In this interview, Alex, an organic chemist at Aqua America, outlines the scope of analytical work conducted in a modern water quality laboratory. The team primarily focuses on the determination of taste- and odor-causing compounds, disinfection byproducts, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). These analyses rely heavily on GC-MS and LC-MS instrumentation, supported by rigorous maintenance programs to ensure continuous operational performance and data reliability.<h4>Regulatory Compliance and Quality Control in Drinking Water Analysis</h4>Operating as a regulated drinking water laboratory requires adherence to stringent requirements established by agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and state-level regulatory bodies. Compliance is driven by extensive quality control protocols integrated into every analytical batch. Typical workflows include calibration verification, matrix spike recovery assessments, internal standard monitoring, and surrogate performance checks. Notably, analytical batches are often limited in sample number to accommodate a substantial proportion of quality control samples, reflecting the critical importance of data defensibility in regulatory reporting.One common misconception is the perceived speed at which results can be delivered. In reality, comprehensive sample preparation, including extraction procedures and validation steps, can extend turnaround times to a full working day or longer. Additionally, validated regulatory workflows impose limitations on the rapid adoption of new analytical technologies, as method modifications must undergo formal evaluation and approval before implementation.<h4>Analytical Strategies for Taste and Odor Investigations</h4>Taste and odor events represent a significant operational challenge for water utilities. Standard targeted methods are routinely applied for compounds such as 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin, which are commonly associated with earthy or musty sensory characteristics. When targeted analysis does not reveal the source, laboratories employ broad-scan GC-MS screening combined with spectral library interpretation to identify potential causative compounds. In some cases, sensory evaluation panels complement instrumental analysis, providing preliminary insight into potential treatment-related or environmental influences affecting water quality.<h4>PFAS Monitoring: Methodological Complexity and Trace-Level Sensitivity</h4>PFAS determination represents a rapidly evolving priority in drinking water monitoring. The laboratory currently applies EPA Method 537.1, with efforts underway to expand capabilities through certification for Method 533, thereby broadening analyte coverage. Analytical workflows typically involve solid-phase extraction followed by solvent evaporation using nitrogen-assisted blow-down techniques to achieve the trace-level sensitivity required for regulatory compliance. This concentration step is essential because PFAS compounds remain non-volatile under controlled evaporation conditions, enabling enhanced detection performance upon reconstitution and LC-MS analysis.<h4>Future Directions in Drinking Water Analytics</h4>Looking ahead, the primary technological driver in regulated water analysis is the demand for increasingly lower detection limits and expanded compound coverage. While regulatory frameworks can slow methodological innovation, laboratories continue to pursue efficiency improvements, such as automated sample preparation systems and optimized analytical workflows. These advances support the growing need to process high sample volumes while maintaining the stringent data quality standards required for public health protection.Ultimately, the work performed in regulated drinking water laboratories represents a critical intersection of analytical chemistry, environmental monitoring, and public safety. Continuous methodological refinement, coupled with advances in mass spectrometry and sample preparation technologies, will play a central role in addressing emerging contaminants and ensuring long-term water quality assurance.<blockquote>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</blockquote><blockquote><h4>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</h4>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!You can find Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast in podcast apps:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL">Spotify</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185">Apple podcast</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography">podscan</a></li></ul>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos">YouTube channel</a></blockquote>

Regulated Drinking Water Testing: PFAS Detection, Sample Prep & Real Lab Insights

Anna Vanluchene&nbsp;from UCT Prague’s&nbsp;Department of Chemical Engineering has received a&nbsp;prestigious start-up grant from the Dagmar Procházková Fund. However, she did not receive funding right away. In this interview, she describes how she developed ten versions of her&nbsp;Illuminating Flow&nbsp;project idea (combining photocatalysis with flow reactors for pharmaceutical synthesis). She explains why she considers perseverance to be crucial when applying for grants, how international experience has influenced her approach to team management, and how her research can reduce the chemical industry’s&nbsp;dependence on fossil fuels and imports from China.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/VSCHT_Praha_Na_startovaci_grant_jsem_cekala_dva_roky_a_napsala_deset_verzi_projektu_2_5b7d63b8e9.jpg" alt="VŠCHT Prague/Tomáš Balický: I waited two years for a start-up grant and wrote ten versions of my project idea" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_VSCHT_Praha_Na_startovaci_grant_jsem_cekala_dva_roky_a_napsala_deset_verzi_projektu_2_5b7d63b8e9.jpg 127w," sizes="100vw" width="1128" height="1387"><h5>What did the Dagmar Procházková Fund grant mean to you?</h5>I&nbsp;consider it to be a&nbsp;great success. It is the first injection of funding that will allow me to ensure full independence for my research endeavour, to start my own research group, and to fund students so I&nbsp;can get started properly.<h5>What have been your previous experiences with grants?</h5>During my doctorate, a cotutelle (international doctorate under dual supervision), I&nbsp;was funded by a&nbsp;grant from the French government. Then I&nbsp;worked at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (CAS) and received a&nbsp;Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action (MSCA) Postdoctoral Fellowship to go abroad. The idea for my now-funded project was developed about two years ago and, since then, I&nbsp;have gradually developed and adapted the idea for various grant calls. I&nbsp;submitted about ten different versions of the proposal. I&nbsp;did not receive a&nbsp;grant from the Dagmar Procházková Fund last year, but this year, my application was successful.<h5>This probably requires a&nbsp;great deal of patience and perseverance.</h5>Certainly, because the success rates for most grants have been declining for some time. But as a&nbsp;motivational example, I&nbsp;will tell the story of Timothy Noel, a&nbsp;Belgian professor of chemistry living in the Netherlands. He applied for the prestigious European Research Council (ERC) grant, which is among the most sought-after in Europe, seven times. But no failure deterred him and eventually he succeeded and opened the door to potentially massive grant funding. He was already one of the world’s&nbsp;top scientists in the field at that time and openly described his journey on his blog <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.noelresearchgroup.com/2022/03/17/my-personal-story-to-obtain-an-erc-grant-7-submissions-4-interviews-and-6-heartbreaks/">blog</a>.<h5>What advice does this convey to other grant applicants and early career researchers?</h5>Start early, read a&nbsp;lot, don’t&nbsp;give up, and—most importantly—apply repeatedly. Learn from rejections and overcome possible frustration from failures. Read blogs and books by successful people, where you will find not only the glorious results of their work, but also the hardships they faced over their entire journeys. Of course, building your team and laboratory is impossible without finances. I&nbsp;myself still hope that I&nbsp;will be able to receive even bigger grants in the future.<h5>How has your international experience influenced your scientific approach?</h5>A&nbsp;lot and on several levels. Different laboratories teach you how to do&nbsp;things differently. You gain varied experience about how different institutions function. You see other people’s&nbsp;positive motivations, their ability to be ambitious without negativity, their involvement in institutional matters, their openness to cooperation with companies (e.g., tech transfers, spin-offs). The most important thing is to broaden your horizons. I&nbsp;see going abroad as a&nbsp;necessity. What I&nbsp;have taken away the most is drive, great support, and the idea that scientific output is not just about metrics, but also about dedication to one’s&nbsp;topic.<h5>What is your Illuminating Flow: Transport Phenomena in Photocatalysis about, in layperson’s&nbsp;terms, and how is it unique?</h5>Most of today’s&nbsp;chemical industry is still based on thermal processes and fossil fuels. Photochemistry enables electrification, where the energy source is photons delivered by LEDs, which can generate electricity from renewable sources. Current research focuses mainly on chemical reactions and their mechanisms, but as a&nbsp;chemical engineer, I&nbsp;focus on designing processes and reactors suitable for industrial use. In batch reactors, light fades rapidly with distance from a&nbsp;source, so much of a&nbsp;reaction mixture is not illuminated. Flow reactors solve this problem, but they bring new challenges such as working with solid catalysts and subsequently scaling up production and achieving higher production rates of the desired chemicals at a&nbsp;given scale.One can imagine a&nbsp;transparent tube with a&nbsp;catalyst on the walls, upon which light shines and through which reactants flow. This project has a&nbsp;unique emphasis on engineering solutions and overall process efficiency.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/VSCHT_Praha_Na_startovaci_grant_jsem_cekala_dva_roky_a_napsala_deset_verzi_projektu_3_b978abf25c.jpg" alt="VŠCHT Prague/Tomáš Balický: I waited two years for a start-up grant and wrote ten versions of my project idea" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_VSCHT_Praha_Na_startovaci_grant_jsem_cekala_dva_roky_a_napsala_deset_verzi_projektu_3_b978abf25c.jpg 241w," sizes="100vw" width="1228" height="799"><h5>So, were you inspired by a&nbsp;gap in the market to connect photocatalysis with transport phenomena?</h5>Exactly. I&nbsp;combine my areas of expertise: microfluidics, photocatalytic degradation of organic substances (CAS), and synthesis (MSCA Postdoctoral Fellowship). The idea itself is not new, and pharmaceutical companies are very interested in “greener” photochemistry, but in practice, there is often a&nbsp;lack of appropriate engineering solutions and apparatus for industrial use.<h5>What are the practical applications of your work and what substances are you focusing on?</h5>Mainly on pharmaceuticals and on the synthesis of so-called fine chemicals, which are often the building blocks for the production of pharmaceuticals. There is also a&nbsp;geopolitical dimension to this, i.e. less dependence on imports from China and sustainable synthesis in Europe where it makes economic sense.<h5>And what chemicals are you specifically talking about?</h5>For example, building blocks for advanced synthesis, compounds prepared by trifluoromethylation reactions, or products of oxidation reactions with singlet oxygen. At the same time, we focus on reactions that are, in the classical design process, less safe or technologically demanding, where new approaches, such as photochemistry in flow reactors, could be safer and have better process control. Of course, this is not a&nbsp;universal solution for all types of reactions.<h5>The goal of this project?</h5>I&nbsp;plan to start a&nbsp;fully functional laboratory and research team, create high-quality experimental data on selected molecules and based on them, try to build cooperation with industrial partners. Without data, it is impossible to come to companies with just an idea. Within three years, I&nbsp;would like to have results that can be realistically presented and further developed.<h5>What are the main challenges in transport phenomena during photocatalysis?</h5>The methodology for repeatability of experiments in photochemistry is relatively demanding and there are unforeseen obstacles in building apparatus. Also, the scale-up from microliters to a&nbsp;larger scale.<h5>What methodology will you use, and how big are the microreactors and their flow rates?</h5>I&nbsp;have two different directions in methodological design. The first direction involves microreactors the size of a&nbsp;laboratory slide. You make a&nbsp;structure using a&nbsp;laser, and then you have to cast it and make a&nbsp;microreactor. This allows you to quickly adjust the geometry of the reactor. This method is, of course, not applicable in the commercial setting, but it is ideal for studying transport phenomena and precise measurements.The second direction involves reactors that are flow cells. These are already larger, approximately 15 x 15 centimetres, and their flow rates are in the order of millilitres per hour. This is the initial scale that we will further increase during the project.<h5>There is a&nbsp;big difference between a&nbsp;flow rate of microlitres per hour and industrial needs. Will it not work differently in reality?</h5>Our research will focus on studying the phenomena themselves for now, and scaling will be addressed later. In addition, we will combine the experimental data obtained with computer simulations that will help design suitable conditions for a&nbsp;larger scale. For some high-value fine chemicals, these scales, combined with continuous operation or parallelization of reactors, may already be practically usable.<h5>What catalysts will you use and how will you attach them to the reactor walls?</h5>I&nbsp;am focusing on heterogeneous photocatalysis, and we will mainly use graphitic carbon nitride and its more advanced modifications. These are semiconductor materials that can be synthesized relatively easily and are suitable for immobilization on glass reactor walls. A&nbsp;key part of this project is the creation of a&nbsp;stable catalytic layer for long-term flow-through operations. To increase the contact of reactants with the catalyst, we will also consider multiphase modes, for example, gas bubbling, in order to disrupt the otherwise laminar flow.<h5>Why did you choose this field and the Department of Chemical Engineering?</h5>During my postdoc in Belgium, the department had an opening for an Assistant Professor position that caught my attention and I&nbsp;applied for it. I&nbsp;did my undergraduate, graduate, and initial doctoral studies here, and I&nbsp;love the department. I&nbsp;have a&nbsp;Bachelor’s&nbsp;degree in Chemistry.<h5>Are you collaborating with anyone?</h5>We collaborate with BUT Brno focusing on creating layers and immobilizing catalysts on glass, as well as with the Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. And as for organic synthesis, we are connected with Ghent University via postdoc internships. At the same time, my colleague Viola Tokárová and I&nbsp;received a&nbsp;Czech Science Foundation grant in cooperation with BUT Brno and Masaryk University, with our part of the project focusing on the use of flow reactors for photochemical reactions and testing the antibacterial properties of photocatalytic materials. And I&nbsp;am writing other grant proposals in which I&nbsp;am trying to build new collaborations.<h5>What does the creation of an independent research group at UCT Prague look like?</h5>I&nbsp;started by renovating the premises that were assigned to me and gradually building my team. It is important for research work to have Ph.D. students; I&nbsp;have already hired one and we will recruit more. In addition to building the group, I&nbsp;will engage in securing further funding for the group, so I&nbsp;will be writing more grant proposals. It is important to think far enough in advance when it comes to prospective funding for a&nbsp;research group.<h5>What type of students are you looking for?</h5>The laboratory and team I&nbsp;are building will be very multidisciplinary, just like the area I&nbsp;am working on. That is why I&nbsp;am looking for students who are attracted to true multidisciplinary research, those who, for example, have knowledge of engineering, but who don’t&nbsp;mind a&nbsp;little bit of pure chemistry. One student in their own right does not have to (and cannot) know every subject, so I&nbsp;will ideally have a&nbsp;team consisting of different people with different research backgrounds. Motivated, DIY-type students who would rather enthusiastically build or invent something themselves than conduct repetitive measurements. Organic or analytical chemists will also find their place here. If this topic is interesting to students in any way, they can definitely contact me. I&nbsp;am also open to interdepartmental cooperation with other UCT Prague Faculties.<h5>How would you describe your path to photocatalysis/chemical engineering?</h5>Studying Chemistry as an undergrad gave me a&nbsp;broad perspective, but I&nbsp;was gradually narrowing my focus and eventually chose engineering. Chemical engineering intrigued me with its logic and was the easiest for me to grasp at the time. But I&nbsp;have always enjoyed working on projects more than the studies themselves. Even during my Bachelor studies, I&nbsp;really enjoyed and was interested in the Professor Štěpánek Group’s&nbsp;projects, where I&nbsp;was doing something completely different than I&nbsp;do&nbsp;now. I&nbsp;only got into photochemistry during my time at CAS and then, during my postdoctoral fellowship, I&nbsp;devoted myself to electrochemistry. My current focus is, thus, a&nbsp;natural interlinking of all these areas. Consequentially, I&nbsp;developed an awareness of the necessity to become independent and return to the department with my own, different research agenda, which, in my opinion, is an important and correct basis for establishing my own research group.<h5>What is the biggest challenge of this project for you?</h5>The transition from being a&nbsp;postdoc to a&nbsp;leadership position is a&nbsp;big change for me and I&nbsp;think it is not talked about enough. It means a&nbsp;shift from my own experimental work to leading a&nbsp;team, planning and delegating tasks, and motivating students. From a&nbsp;practical point of view, one of the main challenges is the transfer of reactions from the microscale to functional systems, the construction of reactors, the immobilization of catalysts, and generally confirming that this direction makes sense in the long term and that it has future potential.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/VSCHT_Praha_Na_startovaci_grant_jsem_cekala_dva_roky_a_napsala_deset_verzi_projektu_1_66ac267e06.jpg" alt="VŠCHT Prague/Tomáš Balický: I waited two years for a start-up grant and wrote ten versions of my project idea" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_VSCHT_Praha_Na_startovaci_grant_jsem_cekala_dva_roky_a_napsala_deset_verzi_projektu_1_66ac267e06.jpg 155w," sizes="100vw" width="830" height="839">

I waited two years for a start-up grant and wrote ten versions of my project idea

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The University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague is a natural centre of first-rate study and research in the area of chemistry in Czechia and is one of the country's largest educational and research institutions focused on technical chemistry, chemical and biochemical technologies, material and chemical engineering, food chemistry, and environmental studies.

UCT Prague

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

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DataApex Clarity Offline Chromatography Software

Clarity Offline allows users to import previously acquired data and to evaluate and prepare methods in regulated environment.

Clarity Offline allows users to import previously acquired data and to evaluate and prepare methods. This version cannot acquire data, but it can share data or even directly access (through LAN) projects of the <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity</a> and Clarity Lite software. With Clarity Offline users are able to work with acquired data on additional computers in the lab or at home. The software works with the same files and provides the same outputs (printing and exporting) as Clarity and Clarity Lite.
Clarity Offline is intended for use as additional software that supplements Clarity and Clarity Lite. It can also be used to evaluate data from other manufacturers&#39; CDS.
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Ask for <a href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-demo">Clarity Demo version</a> which allows you to get your hands on software before purchase
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<h3>Main features</h3>
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<li>Language Localizations available: Useful for non-English speakers. At the moment, there are French, German, Russian, Spanish, and Chinese localizations available in a single installation package. Simply switch to your preferred language anytime.
</li>
</ul>
<a href="https://www.dataapex.com/controls">List of supported instruments</a>
<a href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-std-compatibility">Compatible Windows OS and Hardware</a>
<a href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/clarity-21cfr-compliance">Clarity 21 CFR Part 11 compliance</a>

DataApex PDA - Photodiode Array Extension for Clarity

The PDA Extension is an optional Extension that is used for processing data that has been acquired from selected photo diode array detectors. Spectral data, together with chromatograms, add a third dimension to analytical data analysis.

<h3>Extension for 3D data analysis from Photodiode Array Detectors</h3>
The PDA Extension is an optional Extension that is used for processing data that has been acquired from selected photo diode array detectors. Spectral data, together with chromatograms, add a third dimension to analytical data analysis. This extension expands the capability of <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity</a> by providing interactive spectral analysis, peak purity analysis and compound identification that is based on a spectral library search. PDA data can be displayed in a set of optional views including 3D rendering.
All data is saved in a single file; a chromatogram at any wavelength or even only a spectrum can simply be recalled for review after an analysis. UV-VIS spectra, acquired using a PDA detector, may be interactively selected from a chromatogram signal for visual inspection and comparison. The spectra may also be used for peak purity determinations, wavelength optimization and component identification through spectral libraries.
<h4>Main features</h4>
<ul>
<li>PDA View: The PDA view is customizable; up to four views can be displayed at one time (Any combination from the following views may be selected: Isoplot, Chromatogram, Spectra, 3D Display, Peak Purity, Peak Purity Spectra, Library Spectra Search and Spectral Library). The user can easily extract chromatographic signals from PDA data to determine the optimal detection wavelength for each peak.
</li>
<li>PDA Method: The Clarity PDA method includes an option for Spectral Library Search and Peak Purity analysis.
</li>
<li>Limit values: These calculated values are compared to user-set limit values, either for each chromatogram separately or together for the selected series. Deviation of a certain parameter from the permissible limits is immediately reported and may lead to the termination of the sequence in progress.
</li>
<li>Spectral Library: The Clarity software compares the peak spectra with the spectra of an unlimited number of spectral libraries. Spectra stored in a Spectral Library include retention times and analysis parameters (optional). The Spectral Library Search can perform automatic identification of integrated/calibrated components (peaks). The library search may be constrained by the RT Window and by Wavelength Range. Either the Least Square, the Weighted Least Square or the Correlation Method is used for calculating library search matches. A Background Correction option is also available.
</li>
<li>Peak Purity: This analysis helps to discover hidden impurities. Peak Purity test is applied to all integrated/calibrated peaks in the active signal. Purity is calculated from 5 or all spectra within the peak. The similarity curve is displayed in the PDA window. Peak Purity analysis can be optimized by setting custom preferences relating to the purity threshold, wavelength restriction and absorbance threshold.
</li>
<li>Import/Export Data: Spectral data can be imported/exported in ASCII text formats to or from the <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity software</a>.
</li>
<li>Reports: Users can easily include PDA options such as data 3D Display, Isoplot, Spectra, Peak Purity and Library Search results in reports using the intuitive Report Setup Dialog.
</li>
<li>Instrument Control: Control modules for Agilent 1100 DAD and FLD, Sykam S3210/3240, Knauer PDA and many others are available. Additional control modules for other PDA detectors can be developed upon request.
</li>
</ul>
<a href="https://www.dataapex.com/controls#9709a8ca9130f20fc18c284302efd33b">List of controlled PDA detectors</a>

DataApex SST - System Suitability Test Extension for Clarity

The SST extension serves to monitor the correct function of the chromatography system. The program compares up to 12 selected parameters (e.g., retention time, efficiency, asymmetry of peaks) calculated according to one of three pre-selected methods (USP, EP, JP).

<h3>The SST extension serves to monitor the correct function of the chromatography system.</h3>
The program compares up to 12 selected parameters (e.g., retention time, efficiency, asymmetry of peaks) calculated according to one of three pre-selected methods (USP, EP, JP). These calculated values are either compared to the user&#39;s set limit values for each chromatogram separately or together for the selected series. Deviation of any parameter from the permissible limits is immediately reported and may lead to the termination of the sequence in progress. The SST Extension allows the user to monitor the parameters of individual substances and thus evaluate the reproducibility of the results of the entire chromatography system.
The SST extension is required when using the <a href="https://www.dataapex.com/product/validation-kit">Validation Kit</a>.
<h3>Main features</h3>
<ul>
<li>Measuring: Simultaneous data acquisition from up to four signals (detectors) attached to one chromatograph.
</li>
<li>Parameters: The program compares up to 12 selected parameters (e.g., retention time, efficiency, asymmetry of peaks) calculated according to one of three pre-selected methods (USP, EP, JP).
</li>
<li>Limit values: These calculated values are compared to user set limit values, either for each chromatogram separately or together for the selected series. Deviation of a certain parameter from the permissible limits is immediately reported and may lead to the termination of the sequence in progress.
</li>
<li>Versatility: Even though validation primarily focuses on testing system reliability, it can also be used in many other ways. Validation can be run during measurements, or additionally, using batch processing. Validated data can be automatically saved to a database file for further processing.
</li>
<li>Enhanced sequencing: In connection with a sequence, the SST module can even pause a sequence when a specified value has been exceeded or to perform predefined functions.
</li>
</ul>
<a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity</a> Chromatography Software required

DataApex MS - Mass Spectrometry Extension for Clarity

The Clarity MS Extension is a tool that is used for processing data that has been acquired from selected Mass Spectrometry detectors. Spectral data, together with chromatograms, add a third dimension to analytical data analysis.

<h3>Clarity Extension for processing data that has been acquired from selected Mass Spectrometry detectors</h3>
The Clarity MS Extension is a tool that is used for processing data that has been acquired from selected Mass Spectrometry detectors. Spectral data, together with chromatograms, add a third dimension to analytical data analysis.
The MS Extension expands the capability of <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity</a> and <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1000">Clarity Offline</a> Chromatography software by providing interactive spectral analysis, peak purity analysis, and compound identification that is based on a spectral <a href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/products?category=249">library</a> search. The extension is prepared to function with single quadrupole MS detectors and TOF MS detectors.
All data is saved in a single file; a chromatogram at any m/z value or even only a spectrum can simply be recalled for review after an analysis. MS spectra, acquired using an MS detector, may be interactively selected from a chromatogram signal for visual inspection and comparison. The spectra may also be used for peak purity determinations and component identification through spectral <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=285">libraries</a>.
It is possible to import MS data in AIA (cdf), mzXML, MzML, and mzData formats.
Control modules for selected detectors (see <a href="https://www.dataapex.com/controls">list of control modules</a>) are available in Clarity. Additional control modules for MS detectors can be developed upon request.

DataApex GPC - Gel Permeation Chromatography Extension for Clarity 

GPC Extension provides interactive and automated GPC analysis, including recalibration and GPC reporting, as well as simplifies the retrieval of GPC data. The GPC Extension allows flow rate and multi-detector delay corrections and includes Narrow, Broad, and Broad on Narrow calibrations.

<h3>Extension provides interactive and automated GPC analysis, including recalibration and GPC reporting, as well as simplifies the retrieval of GPC data.</h3>
Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) / Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) is the technique used for obtaining a rapid and reliable characterization of polymer molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. GPC Extension provides interactive and automated GPC analysis, including recalibration and GPC reporting, as well as simplifies the retrieval of GPC data. The GPC Extension allows flow rate and multi-detector delay corrections and includes Narrow, Broad, and Broad on Narrow calibrations.
<h3>Main features</h3>
<ul>
<li>Data Acquisition: Simultaneous data acquisition from up to four four-detector chromatographs (4×4 configuration), detector delay correction for multidetector measurement. 
</li>
<li>Data Processing: The same chromatograms can be evaluated in both standard and GPC modes. Multiple peaks and multiple signals are processed in one chromatogram.
</li>
<li>GPC Integration: Separate integration tables for GPC and standard evaluation are used. There are extensive possibilities for modifying chromatograms. The chromatogram integration can be changed by entering global parameters or interactively, through the direct graphical modification of the baseline.
</li>
<li>Calibration: Narrow, Broad, Broad on Narrow standard calibration methods combined with Flow Rate correction and Universal calibration. Manual calibration or automated recalibration from a sequence. Multiple Broad standards can be used.
</li>
<li>GPC Calculations: Polynomial (n= 1-5) curve fits (independent for signals), Mp, Mn, Mw, Mv, Mz, Mz+1 molecular weight averages and polydispersity.
</li>
<li>Graphs: Molecular weight distribution graphs. Overlay: Simultaneously displays a virtually unlimited number of chromatograms. Overlay of dW/d logM vs. log M and cumulative height graphs.
</li>
<li>Export: Slice Table results, graphs, result and summary tables.
</li>
<li>User Calculations: Users can define custom calculations in the Result and Summary tables. Using the integrated editor, you can create your own columns from the original columns and individual mathematical functions.
</li>
<li>GPC Results Table: Displays molecular weight averages together with peak details for active signal. Multiple peaks can be evaluated from one chromatogram.
</li>
<li>GPC Summary Result Tables: Displays and prints selected results from all simultaneously displayed chromatograms. Postrun: Automatically displays, prints, exports, and starts other programs after the completion of a measurement.
</li>
<li>Batch: Automatically batch processes, displays, exports, or prints any number of chromatograms.
</li>
<li>Reports: User selectable report sections and WYSIWYG formating of Graphs and Tables.
</li>
</ul>

DataApex CE - Capillary Electrophoresis Extension for Clarity

CE module provides specific terminology, evaluation by time corrected area and peak identification by peak start or end (additionally to peak apex).

<h3>Extension for Capillary Electrophoresis</h3>
The CE Extension activates the CE mode in Clarity environment and can be activated on any <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity</a> Instrument. CE Extension is compatible also with <a href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1000">Clarity Offline</a> software. CE module provides specific terminology, evaluation by time corrected area and peak identification by peak start or end (additionally to peak apex).
<h4>Main changes in Clarity environment</h4>
<ul>
<li>CE specific terminology</li>
<li>Evaluation by time corrected area</li>
<li>Peak identification by peak start or end (additionally to peak apex).</li>
<li>Additional calculations</li>
</ul>
<h4>CE specific terminology</h4>
The terms used in chromatography mode were substituted by those used in CE:
<ul>
<li>Default mode =&gt; CE mode</li>
<li>Chromatogram =&gt; Electropherogram</li>
<li>Retention time (RT) =&gt; Migration Time (MT)</li>
<li>Column =&gt; Capillary</li>
<li>Mobile Phase =&gt; Electrolyte</li>
<li>Flow Rate =&gt; Power supply</li>
<li>Pressure =&gt; Injection Mode</li>
</ul>
<h4>Separation parameters</h4>
Method Setup allows a user to adjust the Capillary Setting:
<ul>
<li>Total Capillary Length</li>
<li>Length of the capillary.</li>
<li>Effective Capillary Length</li>
<li>Effective capillary length from injection end to the detector position</li>
<li>Separation Voltage</li>
<li>Separation voltage. Allows you to enter also negative values</li>
<li>Reference Peak Mobility</li>
<li>Effective mobility of the EOF reference peak.</li>
</ul>
<h4>Calculations</h4>
The Result Table contains additional columns containing calculations:
<ul>
<li>Apparent Mobility</li>
<li>Effective Mobility</li>
</ul>

ECOM ECP201L Preparative HPLC Pump

Preparative HPLC pump with a flow rate range of up to 1000 ml/min.

<div style="display:block;" aria-labelledby="tab_item-0">The ECP201L Preparative Pump is an innovative, powerful, and cost-effective unit for preparative liquid chromatography where high pressure is needed.&nbsp;The pump with 4 low-pressure valves delivers a flow rate of up to 1000 ml/min at a very&nbsp;high output pressure of up to 15 MPa (2176 psi).<h3>Main features and benefits</h3><ul><li>Durability&nbsp;– The pump is constructed for high pressure and flow rates. This makes it suitable for day-to-day long-term use in production</li><li>Wide application possibilities – The unit is used for pharmaceutical separations and plant extract purification, such as cannabinoids, peptides, and oligonucleotides. Also, it has much wider use in other chemical production, such as dosing into chemical reactors, and in various laboratory uses. Another advantage is the usability of the same device for separation method development.</li><li>Smart controls and diagnostics&nbsp;– It is easy to operate, especially with ECOMAC and Clarity software. This makes unit management powerful and convenient. The basic version of the ECOMAC software is available free of charge. It is also used for service and diagnostics.</li><li>Other useful features<ul style="list-style-type:circle;"><li>A new learning algorithm for pulsation suppression</li><li>A leakage sensor</li><li>A seal wash kit for longer piston seal life</li><li>Also available in configurations made of&nbsp;certified bio-inert materials</li></ul></li></ul><h4>Parameters</h4><ul><li>Flow rate: 1– 1000 ml/min</li><li>Maximum operating pressure: 15 MPa up to 1000 ml/min</li><li>Flow rate setting: 1 ml/min steps</li><li>Repeatability of flow rate adjusting:&nbsp;± 1 %</li><li>Accuracy of flow rate setting:&nbsp;± 2 %</li><li>Wetted materials:&nbsp;stainless steel, PEEK, TefzelTM, PE, ceramic, seals</li><li>Communication:&nbsp;RS232,Ethernet (LAN),USB,Remote digital I/O</li><li>Power supply:&nbsp;100-240V VAC</li><li>Power input: 500 VA</li><li>Dimensions W x H x D:&nbsp;276 x 153 x 620 mm (10.87 x 6.14 x 24.40 in)</li><li>Weight:&nbsp;26 kg (57.32 lb)</li><li>Pressure Compensation Learning:&nbsp;yes&nbsp;</li></ul></div>

ECOM PREPBOX A3L8E Chromatography Separation System

PREPBOX is a compact alternative to modular preparative systems. It is assembled according to the customer's wishes.

<div style="display:block;" aria-labelledby="tab_item-0">Complete preparative modular system with one basic gradient pump and optionally secondary pump for repetitive sampling or with injection valve. Also switching valve for&nbsp;<abbr title="Countercurrent Chromatography">CCC</abbr> applications. PDA four channel detector up to 800&nbsp;nm.&nbsp;It is assembled according to the customer's wishes. It is used for high-capacity systems or with centrifugal chromatography systems like in pharmaceutical purification of cannabis extracts (<abbr title="Cannabidiol">CBD</abbr>, <abbr title="Cannabinol">CBN</abbr>, <abbr title="Cannabigerol">CBG</abbr>, <abbr title="Cannabichromene">CBC</abbr>, <abbr title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC</abbr>...).ECOMAC SW installed at internal PC controls the system. Fractions are collected by means of&nbsp;10 position valve&nbsp; It is necessary to purchase an operating system for the PREPBOX&nbsp;- in most cases we recommend Windows OS&nbsp;(P/N:&nbsp;ABB90000) or Linux&nbsp;(on request). The system also supports the Clarity software. It is also possible to purchase a wireless mouse and keyboard set&nbsp;(P/N:&nbsp;EPC-0028) and a computer monitor&nbsp;(P/N:&nbsp;EPC-0027).<h5>TOY18DAD 800L Detector</h5>It is UV-VIS diode array detector, which allow measuring absorbance of four wavelengths in range of 200-800&nbsp;nm simultaneously in one cell just as scanning of whole spectra.<h5>ECP201L Preparative HPLC Pump</h5>Preparative pump suited for preparative liquid chromatography with very high pressure up to 15&nbsp;MPa&nbsp;at flow rate of 1000&nbsp;ml/min. Advantage of this pump is a very stable run even at low flow rates.<h5>ECP2300 Preparative Gradient Pump</h5>Preparative HPLC pump suited for&nbsp;preparative&nbsp;applications in liquid chromatography with a pressure up to 15 MPa at flow rate of 300&nbsp;ml/min.&nbsp;New sophisticated unit allows achieving a precise&nbsp;low-pressure gradient, i.e. gradual changes of solvent composition by mixing&nbsp;up to four liquids&nbsp;at the pump entry.<h3>Parameters</h3><ul><li>Interface: 5x USB, HDMI, 2X RS232, LAN, VGA</li><li>Power supply: 100 - 240 V AC</li><li>Power input: 490 W</li><li>Dimensions W x H x D: 405x490x525 mm (15.94x19.29x20.67 in)</li><li>Weight: 55 kg</li></ul></div>

ECOM COMPACT SEMI-PREPARATIVE SYSTEM (10 ml/min, ECS08)

A highly effective Compact semi-preparative system containing UV-VIS DAD detector, analytical gradient pump with degasser, automatic inject valve and fraction collector.

A highly effective Compact semi-preparative system containing&nbsp;UV-VIS DAD detector, analytical gradient pump with degasser, automatic inject valve and fraction collector. The detector allows absorbance measuring at four wavelengths at the same time or scanning through entire spectrum.The system is controlled by a built-in PC and touchscreen.A modular solution allows configuring the unit according to customer needs. This system contains a detector with a wavelength range of 200 –&nbsp; 800 nm, a pump with a flow rate up to 10 ml/min and a fraction collector.<h3>Main parts</h3><h5>TOY18DAD800L DETECTOR</h5>It is a UV-VIS diode array detector, which allows measuring the absorbance of&nbsp;four wavelengths in a range of 200–800 nm simultaneously in one cell&nbsp;just as scanning of whole spectra. Standardly is assembled with preparative cell PLCC07L, but other cells are available.<h5>ECF2096 FRACTION COLLECTOR</h5>Fractions are collected according to chosen method, which is simply created using a touch screen. Racks for 8, 21,40 ml tubes, 60 ml vials or 12 funnels, 30 mm.<h5>AUTOMATIC INJECT VALVE</h5>The valve is driven by a step motor and it is automatically switched by software. The system also allows manual sample injection by opening the column.<h5>SYSTEM PC INFO</h5>Installed industrial PC with Intel Atom 4 core processor. OS Linux, Touch screen 12,1“ 1024 x 786, SW QUEEN controls: gradient, flow rate, wavelengths, fractions collection etc. Remote administration is available. Possibility of measuring at four wavelengths at the same time or scanning through entire spectra. Furthermore, the possibility of displaying 3D data.&nbsp;<h5>ECP2010 ANALYTICAL GRADIENT PUMP</h5>Modified for the compact system,&nbsp;analytical gradient pump with degasser&nbsp;and with flow rate up to 10 ml/min&nbsp;(40 MPa, 5082 PSI).&nbsp;Unit software includes a new learning algorithm for pulsation suppression and many testing and diagnostic functions. Four gradient valves allow changing mobile phases without bottles alternation.&nbsp;<h3>COMPACT PREPARATIVE SYSTEM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</h3><ul><li>Interface: 3xUSB, 2xLAN, RS232</li><li>Power supply: 100 - 240 V AC</li><li>Power input: 400 W</li><li>Dimensions (W x H x D): 500 x 678 x 482 mm (19.69 x 26.69 x 18.98")</li><li>Weight: 55 kg (121.30 lb)</li></ul><h5>Detector</h5><ul><li>Wavelength range: 200 - 800 nm &nbsp; (256 elements on CCD)</li><li>Number of channels (Signals): 4</li><li>Scan: 200 - 800 nm,up to &nbsp;20 Hz, step 1 nm</li><li>Typical spectral half-width: 10 mn</li><li>Accuracy of adjustment / Reproducibility: ± 1 nm / ±0.5 nm</li><li>Noise level at test cell (254 nm, TC 0.75s): ± 5 x 10-5 AU</li><li>Drift at test cell (254 nm after 1 h): 1 x 10-3 AU/hr</li><li>Materials in contact with mobile phase: FEP; fused silica, stainless steel, PEEK</li><li>Time constant (T63): 0.5 s, 0.75 s, 1.0 s, 2.0 s, 4.0 s, 8.0 s, 16.0 s, 0.2 s, 0.1 s</li></ul><h5>Fraction collector</h5><ul><li>Available racks (two racks per unit)<ul><li>EC08 48 tubes of 8 ml</li><li>EC21 36 tubes of 21 ml</li><li>EC40 24 tubes of 40 ml</li><li>EC60 20 vials of 60 ml</li><li>F12A 12 funnels, 30 mm</li></ul></li><li>Maximum flow rate for tubes 8 ml: max. 50 ml/min</li><li>Maximum flow rate for tubes 21, 40 ml: max. 300 ml/min</li><li>Maximum flow rate for vials 60 ml: max. 300 ml/min</li><li>Maximum flow rate for funnels: max. 500 ml/min</li><li>Wetted materials: FEP, Tefzel®, PPS, KEL-F, PTFE, PEEK, SS 316, SIMAX glass</li><li>Input tubing: OD 1/8“ x ID 1/16“ FEP</li></ul><h5>Pump</h5><ul><li>Flow rate: 0.02 - 10.00 ml/min</li><li>Maximum operating pressure: 40 MPa (5082 PSI)</li><li>Repeatability of flow rate adjusting: ± 0.5 %</li><li>Accuracy of flow rate setting: ± 2 %</li><li>Wetted materials: stainless steel, sapphire, KEL-F, seals*</li><li>Output capillary outer diameter: 1/16”</li><li>Input tubing outer diameter: 1/8”</li><li>Gradient valves control module - OPTIONALLY: Up to four valves</li></ul>

Products distributed by ECOM spol. s r.o. - page 4

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