The combined effect on signal response of all components of the sample, other than the analyte itself, is called the matrix effect. Sample matrix components that co-elute with the analytes of interest could cause the analytes signals to be enhanced or suppressed, compared with those measured with a standard solution of analytes (so, in the absence of matrix). This discrepancy could bring significant issues in accuracy, when not assessed and/or adjusted for.To determine matrix effect, one can do a simple experiment by comparing the extracted analyte response to the non-extracted analyte response.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Matrix_effect_formula_3b77ff748f.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Matrix effect formula" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Matrix_effect_formula_3b77ff748f.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1175" height="134">The most frequent approach to omit undesirable matrix effects is removing the matrix through sample preparation techniques (see Figure 1). These approaches can be as simple as sample filtration, protein precipitation and liquid-liquid extraction, or more sophisticated such as solid phase extraction and immunoaffinity capture. Matrix effects can in some cases be reduced or eliminated through LC method development, by using gradients or alternative column selectivities. However, sample preparation is often preferred because it helps to extend the LC column's lifetime.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Figure_1_Common_sample_preparation_approaches_listed_in_order_of_lower_to_higher_selectivity_61e1f39c43.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Figure 1 Common sample preparation approaches listed in order of lower to higher selectivity." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Figure_1_Common_sample_preparation_approaches_listed_in_order_of_lower_to_higher_selectivity_61e1f39c43.jpg 220w," sizes="100vw" width="428" height="304">A common example of the matrix effect is the signal suppression observed when analyzing clinical samples, such as plasma or serum, with mass spectrometry detectors. In general, these samples undergo protein precipitation as the simplest clean up approach prior to analysis, which helps reduce possible protein build up on the LC column but does not remove other contaminants. Matrix components, especially phospholipids, may have an overall negative impact on LC analyses, and could even degrade system components over time.In Figure 2: we compare the interfering signal coming from phospholipids in: (A) a serum sample that has undergone protein precipitation only and (B) a sample that has been further cleaned up using solid phase extraction with Strata™-X PRO.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Figure_2_Phospholipid_traces_obtained_from_human_serum_samples_after_protein_precipitation_7e049e93c4.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Figure 2 Phospholipid traces obtained from human serum samples after protein precipitation." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Figure_2_Phospholipid_traces_obtained_from_human_serum_samples_after_protein_precipitation_7e049e93c4.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="677" height="386">After Strata-X PRO clean up, we observed a ten-fold reduction of the interfering signal from phospholipids. This polymeric sorbent was specifically designed for enhanced matrix removal, and as demonstrated above, can remove phospholipids and harmful particulates from the sample, improving analyte recoveries as well as reproducibility.We hope this tip was useful! Check out our tool and products highlighted below.<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/products/strata-x-pro-solid-phase-extraction-products">Strata-X PRO SPE Products</a></li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_PRO_SPE_Products_7d659c74c2.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata-X PRO SPE" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_PRO_SPE_Products_7d659c74c2.jpg 239w," sizes="100vw" width="387" height="253"><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/tools/spe-method-development">SPE Method Development Tool</a></li></ul>

Sample Preparation Tip - What is the Matrix Effect?

Laboratory and industrial users of on-site nitrogen generators often praise their convenience but also report recurring frustrations when the systems require servicing or fail unexpectedly. The most frequent complaints fall into four categories: unplanned downtime, routine maintenance burdens, costly replacement parts and service kits, and vendor discontinuations or lack of support.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Organomation_Online_Complaints_from_Nitrogen_Generator_Users_Service_Repairs_and_More_8fc094941a.jpg" alt="Organomation: Online Complaints from Nitrogen Generator Users - Service, Repairs, &amp; More" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Organomation_Online_Complaints_from_Nitrogen_Generator_Users_Service_Repairs_and_More_8fc094941a.jpg 237w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="712"><h4>Unplanned Downtime and Service Interruptions</h4>Several forums reveal that nitrogen generators can unexpectedly go offline, halting critical workflows until repairs are completed. In one discussion about Agilent LC–MS systems, a user explained that their nitrogen generator “would go down all the time for service,” forcing repeated mass spectrometer venting and reconditioning that consumed hours each time. Similarly, chromatographers report instrument errors—such as “drying gas flow timeout” and “nebulizer pressure timeout”—attributable to insufficient generator output, with repair suggestions ranging from tubing leaks to internal module failures, effectively causing unscheduled downtime for troubleshooting.<h4>Routine Maintenance and Part Replacement</h4>Even when generators remain online, many users find that scheduled maintenance intervals are onerous. Customers of membrane-type generators remark that service-indicator lights begin blinking after only a few thousand operating hours, prompting annual visits from field engineers. On ChromForum, one Peak Scientific owner noted that their service light blinked after each year of operation and required part replacement, whereas another operator reported that similar units ran reliably for over 2½ years without maintenance—highlighting inconsistent reliability perceptions and maintenance schedules.<h4>High Cost of Service Kits and Spare Parts</h4>In a typical analytical laboratory running an LC–MS system, the expense of maintaining an on-site nitrogen generator can quickly rival its purchase price. For instance, one ChromForum contributor noted that their annual service—including replacement of both compressor modules—was quoted at $7,500, while ordering the two compressors separately pushed the parts cost above $10,000. In another case, a mass-spectrometry lab reported receiving a third-party preventive-maintenance quote of approximately $2,400 for a single annual visit on a Peak Scientific XE35 generator, not including any replacement parts.Even routine consumables carry hefty price tags: filter kits for models such as the Peak Scientific Fusion 1010 have been listed at $1,110.09, and basic membrane filter assemblies for smaller generators often cost over $200 per kit. When these high service-kit and spare-part costs are combined with labor and travel fees, laboratories can face unexpected budget overruns—undermining the cost-saving promise of on-site nitrogen generation unless maintenance requirements are carefully planned and provisioned.<h4>Discontinued Models and Vendor Support Gaps</h4>A less frequent but acute source of frustration emerges when manufacturers discontinue models or parts. An analytical laboratory using a Parker Balston combination air/nitrogen generator discovered that the unit was no longer supported and replacement parts were unavailable, compelling the lab to revert to gas cylinders as a stopgap despite lacking a permanent cylinder hookup. Without access to spare modules or membrane replacements, users risk extended downtime or costly system overhauls.<h4>Impact on Laboratory and Industrial Operations</h4>These common complaints translate into real-world costs. Downtime for service interrupts critical analyses in pharmaceutical, food-safety and environmental labs, while on-site manufacturing processes can grind to a halt. The cumulative effect of frequent service visits, part replacements and emergency repairs drives up the total cost of ownership and, in some cases, leads users to reconsider whether on-site generation remains more economical than delivered cylinders.By recognizing these pain points—unscheduled failures, tight maintenance windows, high consumable costs and patchy vendor support—prospective buyers can better evaluate generator designs, prioritize robust after-sales service plans, and budget accurately for preventive maintenance to minimize these disruptions.<h4>Organomation as a Reliable Provider of Nitrogen Generators</h4>Based on extensive market research and customer feedback, Organomation stands out as an exemplary provider of <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=97&amp;manufacturerItems=540">nitrogen generators</a>, distinguished not only by the quality of their products but by their unwavering commitment to superior customer service. The company's remarkable 65-year legacy in the laboratory equipment industry has established us as a trusted partner for laboratories worldwide, with a proven track record that consistently delivers on both product reliability and customer satisfaction.Organomation's commitment to excellence is quantifiably demonstrated through their exceptional Net Promoter Score (NPS) of 66%, achieved in their <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://blog.organomation.com/blog/organomation-achieves-customer-satisfaction-rating-of-excellent-in-2024-nps-survey">2024 customer satisfaction survey</a>. This score places them firmly in the "Excellent" category, significantly above the industry benchmark where scores over 50% are considered excellent.What distinguishes Organomation in today's increasingly automated business environment is their steadfast commitment to personal, human interaction. While many companies have shifted to frustrating automated systems, Organomation maintains a refreshingly direct approach: when customers call, a real person answers every time—no confusing menus, robotic voices, or endless hold times. This immediate access to knowledgeable human support allows for quick and efficient issue resolution, ensuring customers receive the assistance they need without unnecessary delays.Similarly, their live chat feature is managed by actual team members who understand their products thoroughly. This approach ensures customers receive real-time assistance from experienced professionals who can address specific technical questions and provide meaningful solutions.Organomation's nitrogen generators exemplify the company's commitment to quality and reliability. Their <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1901">NITRO-GEN+ generator</a>, featuring proprietary carbon molecular sieve technology, produces up to 99% purity nitrogen at flow rates up to 35 L/min, with integrated low-noise, oil-free compressors and on-demand 24/7 supply capability. The company's generators are designed with longevity in mind, featuring low-pressure operation that ensures longer compressor life and reduces maintenance requirements—directly addressing one of the primary concerns identified in industry forums regarding generator reliability.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Organomation_NITRO_GEN_Nitrogen_Generator_2_1438d4520c.jpg" alt="Organomation: NITRO-GEN+ generator" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Organomation_NITRO_GEN_Nitrogen_Generator_2_1438d4520c.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="600" height="600"><blockquote>Looking for a more reliable partner in nitrogen generation? Organomation's team is waiting to assist. Please contact sales@organomation.com, call 978-838-7300, or start a live chat during normal business hours.</blockquote>

Online Complaints from Nitrogen Generator Users: Service, Repairs, & More

🎤 Schyler OdumIn this insightful interview, Medicinal Chemist Schyler Odum discusses his work in antibiotic drug discovery and the critical role of Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) in his research. Schyler, a fifth-year graduate student at UTHSC, shares his expertise on:<ul><li>The importance of antibiotic drug discovery in academic institutions</li><li>How UPLC differs from HPLC and its benefits in chemical analysis</li><li>Challenges in sample preparation and potential improvements</li><li>The complexities of synthesizing large molecular weight antibiotics</li><li>The need for increased support and funding in antibiotic research</li></ul>Schyler also highlights the Gordon Research Conferences as a platform for presenting antibiotic drug discovery work. This video offers valuable insights for chemistry students, researchers, and anyone interested in the future of antibiotic development.<h3>Video Transcription</h3>Schyler Odum, a fifth-year graduate student in medicinal chemistry at UTSC, discussed his research in antibiotic discovery and his extensive hands-on experience with UPLC-MS instrumentation. With academic training in biology, biochemistry, organic chemistry, and a previous industry role at Frontier Specialty Chemicals, he now works on developing new drug candidates against Gram-positive bacterial infections and biofilms. Because large pharmaceutical companies rarely invest in antibiotic development due to low profitability, this crucial work largely depends on academic research groups like Dr. Richard Lee’s lab.A major part of Odum’s workflow relies on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/191">Waters Acquity UPLC system</a>, which operates at ultra-high pressures to provide superior separation performance and requires only micro-scale sample quantities. As the person responsible for troubleshooting and maintaining the instrument, Odum emphasized how its sensitivity enables rapid analysis of complex synthetic intermediates. However, solvent compatibility issues between normal-phase chromatography fractions and the reverse-phase UPLC method create significant bottlenecks in sample preparation.To avoid sample precipitation and instrument damage, every fraction must be evaporated to dryness and reconstituted in appropriate solvents. This process becomes increasingly laborious when processing dozens of samples, and the lab’s outdated nitrogen blowdown equipment makes the task even more time-consuming. Despite these challenges, UPLC-MS remains essential for characterizing the unusually large antibiotic molecules Odum synthesizes—some reaching molecular weights of 1500 amu—and for validating each step of his multi-stage synthetic pathways.Odum also emphasized the urgent global need for renewed investment in antibiotic research. As resistance continues to rise, and last-resort drugs lose effectiveness, the lack of new antibiotics poses a growing threat to public health. He advocates for greater funding and awareness to ensure that critical discoveries continue to advance.<blockquote>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</blockquote><blockquote><h4>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</h4>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!You can find Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast in podcast apps:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL">Spotify</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185">Apple podcast</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography">podscan</a></li></ul>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos">YouTube channel</a></blockquote>

Antibiotic Drug Discovery: UPLC Analysis and Challenges in Medicinal Chemistry

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Academy

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Interview

Science and research

Phenomenex is a global technology leader committed to developing novel analytical chemistry solutions that solve the separation and purification challenges of researchers in industrial, government and academic laboratories.

Phenomenex

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

Analysis of Anabolic steroids (Bioanalytic)

We offer a highly specific and sensitive qualitative analysis of a wide profile of anabolics by LC-HR-MS/MS technique (detection limits range from 0.01 to 5 ng/ml, depending on the substance).

<h4>Anabolic substances in urine</h4>The effect of anabolic steroids (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabolic_steroid">more information</a>) is to stimulate the growth of muscle mass and sometimes also bone mass by stimulating protein synthesis or altering calcium metabolism. This effect is often used in sports doping. However, anabolic steroids also have many side effects, as they strongly affect the body's overall hormonal balance.Anabolic steroids used by purely recreational athletes are still not banned in most countries, including Poland. Nevertheless, their amateur use during adolescence often results in the inability to continue a professional sports career into adulthood or leads to hormonal imbalances in the body.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Analysis_of_Anabolic_steroids_Bioanalytic_1_46fa2f41ca.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Analysis of Anabolic steroids." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Analysis_of_Anabolic_steroids_Bioanalytic_1_46fa2f41ca.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1200" height="740">If you want to know whether and which anabolic substances are present in the samples of athletes, or you want to exclude doping in this area - use the offer carried out by us together with the company <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www.lab4tox.pl/">Lab4Tox</a>. We offer a highly specific and sensitive qualitative analysis of a wide profile of anabolics by LC-HR-MS/MS technique (detection limits range from 0.01 to 5 ng/ml, depending on the substance). The use of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS and HR-MS/MS) in the analysis of anabolic steroids makes it possible to unequivocally confirm or exclude the presence of a given compound. The list of compounds at present includes:<ul><li>Boldenone undecylenate</li><li>Turinabol</li><li>Drostanolone enanthate</li><li>Drostanolone propionate</li><li>Methandienone</li><li>Methenolone acetate</li><li>Methenolone enanthate</li><li>Nandrolone phenylpropionate</li><li>Oxandrolone</li><li>Oxymetholone</li><li>Stanozolol</li><li>5-alpha-DHT</li><li>6-beta-hydroxymethandienone</li><li>19-norandrosterone</li><li>3'-hydroxystanazolol</li><li>4-beta-hydrozystanazolol</li><li>17-alpha-trenbolone</li><li>Testosterone caproate</li><li>Testosterone cypionate</li><li>Testosterone decanoate</li><li>Testosterone enanthate</li><li>Testosterone isocaproate</li><li>Testosterone phenylpropionate</li><li>Testosterone propionate</li><li>Testosterone undecanoate</li><li>Trenbolone acetate</li><li>Testosterone</li><li>Epitestosterone</li></ul>The list of compounds is not complete and will be systematically expanded according to customer needs.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Analysis_of_Anabolic_steroids_Bioanalytic_2_78729119b0.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Analysis of Anabolic steroids is carried out by us together with the company Lab4Tox." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Analysis_of_Anabolic_steroids_Bioanalytic_2_78729119b0.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="625" height="100"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=54&amp;distributorItems=315">Other analytical methods we offer</a>.

Analysis of Synthetic Peptide Hormones (Bioanalytic)

We offer highly specific and sensitive quantitative analysis of peptides by LC-MS/MS technique (LOQ < 1 ng/ml).

<h4>Synthetic peptide hormones - a study of the purity of formulations and composition of dietary supplements.</h4>In sports doping, small synthetic peptide hormones represent an increasingly attractive class of supplements for improving physical performance in amateur and professional athletes. Their use, depending on the type of peptide, is aimed primarily at building muscle tissue while intensifying fat reduction processes combined with the induction of the body's regenerative processes.Do you want to be sure that the peptide you are using is in the product in the amount declared by the manufacturer? Or do you have doubts that the supplement you are using is contaminated with these compounds? If you are troubled by these or similar questions - feel free to contact us. We perform tests in cooperation with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="http://www.lab4tox.pl">Lab4Tox</a>. We offer highly specific and sensitive quantitative analysis of peptides by LC-MS/MS technique (LOQ &lt; 1 ng/ml). At the moment, we analyze the following peptides:<ul><li>GHRP-2</li><li>GHRP-6</li><li>BPC-157</li><li>Melanotan-2</li></ul>The list of compounds is not complete and will be systematically expanded according to customer needs.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Analysis_of_Anabolic_steroids_Bioanalytic_2_78729119b0.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Analysis of Synthetic Peptide Hormones. We perform tests in cooperation withLab4Tox." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Analysis_of_Anabolic_steroids_Bioanalytic_2_78729119b0.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="625" height="100"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=54&amp;distributorItems=315">Other analytical methods we offer</a>.

Determination of nitrosamine content (Bioanalytic)

Our offer includes comprehensive development and validation of methods for determination of nitrosamines in pharmaceutical products. We perform the work according to the criteria and needs of the client based on the EMA note.

Determination of nitrosamines is one of the pharmaceutical industry's top priorities. After the presence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was first reported in an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) mandated the identification and control of all APIs and finished products in which there is a risk of nitrosamines.The content of nitrosamines in drug products can be controlled primarily by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. More than that, a reliable analysis result in our offer consists of a well-chosen sample preparation procedure, a selective and sensitive analytical method, and the experience of the analyst, who selects the best method parameters at the optimization stage.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Determination_of_nitrosamine_content_Bioanalytic_2_ce4f440837.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Determination of nitrosamine content." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Determination_of_nitrosamine_content_Bioanalytic_2_ce4f440837.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="1024">We have gained experience working with leading pharmaceutical companies. As part of our ongoing work, we have developed analytical methods for small-molecule nitrosamines of 70-150 g/mol. These compounds are mainly formed during manufacturing processes and depend on the presence and type of excipients (e.g. NDBA - N-nitroso-dibutylamine). We have also developed methods for determining molecules with higher nitrosamine drug substance related impurities (NDSRIs). In our work, we focus on achieving the highest possible sensitivity, selectivity and precision. To this end, we individually select the parameters of the methods depending on the composition of the drug and the expected nitrosamines. Due to the above criteria and the required detection limits, we perform nitrosamine impurity determinations using LC-MS/MS kits based on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=52&amp;search=QTRAP+5500%2B">QTRAP 5500+</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=52&amp;search=QTRAP+6500%2B">QTRAP 6500+</a> mass spectrometers (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=55">SCIEX</a>).<blockquote>Our offerOur offer includes comprehensive development and validation of methods for determination of nitrosamines in pharmaceutical products. We perform the work according to the criteria and needs of the client based on the EMA note.At the stage of sample preparation, we focus on:<ul><li>obtaining the highest possible recovery of nitrosamines (matrix purification);</li><li>limiting additional synthesis of impurities (selection of appropriate equipment and reagents);</li><li>ensuring the stability of the sample prepared for LC-MS/MS analysis.</li></ul>During the optimization of the LC-MS/MS method, we solve such problems as:<ul><li>selection of an appropriate internal standard;</li><li>separation of the impurity from the API;</li><li>obtaining the expected sensitivity of the analytical method.</li></ul>Quantitative analysis of nitrosamines requires sensitivity, precision and accuracy, which we provide to our customers.</blockquote><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Determination_of_nitrosamine_content_Bioanalytic_1_d629e00e62.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Determination of nitrosamine content." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Determination_of_nitrosamine_content_Bioanalytic_1_d629e00e62.jpg 103w," sizes="100vw" width="1130" height="1710">

Identification of the proteins (Bioanalytic)

We perform proteomic analyses on a state-of-the-art high-resolution ZenoTOF 7600 (SCIEX), in which the Zeno ion trap and EAD (Electron-Activated Dissociation) technology together make a powerful combination.

Protein identification is based on experimental measurement of peptide molecular weights and matching the amino acid sequence of the protein under study with protein sequences deposited in libraries (databases). Two approaches are most commonly used in proteomic studies: top-down and bottom-up. The top-down method involves analyzing full protein sequences. Bottom-up analyses, on the other hand, use digestion of proteins with proteolytic enzymes. The peptides obtained by digestion are analyzed using a mass spectrometer. Each analysis leads to a comparison of experimental data with data obtained by theoretical digestion of proteins described in the database.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_proteins_Bioanalytic_2_6231b73f0d.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Identification of the proteins." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_proteins_Bioanalytic_2_6231b73f0d.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="766"><h4>LC-MS/MS</h4>Tandem mass spectrometers are commonly used to determine protein sequences. They allow ion selection of pseudomolecular peptides and then fragmentation and measurement of the masses of the resulting fragments. Fragmentation using collision induced dissociation(CID ) is an invaluable tool in targeted and untargeted MS/MS analysis of small molecules. It is important to note that in proteomic analysis, data obtained using the aforementioned fragmentation method may leave gaps. For example, spectra obtained by CID fragmentation do not allow unambiguous differentiation of some amino acids: leucine from isoleucine (identical molar masses and CID fragmentation) and lysine from glutamine (very similar masses). For this reason, we perform proteomic analyses on a state-of-the-art high-resolution <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=52&amp;search=+ZenoTOF+7600">ZenoTOF 7600</a> (SCIEX), in which the Zeno ion trap and EAD (Electron-Activated Dissociation) technology together make a powerful combination. It enables the creation of unique fragments to differentiate problematic amino acids and increase the sensitivity and specificity of the analysis.<blockquote>We perform analyses of:<ul><li>samples from solution;</li><li>samples from a gel;</li><li>samples from a complex matrix (by prior arrangement);</li><li>samples from lyophilizer;</li><li>samples previously prepared by the client.</li></ul>Qualitative analysis of proteins includes:<ul><li>To confirm the presence of a protein, the sample is subjected to digestion and the result obtained from experimental data is compared with theoretical data;</li><li>Comparison of experimental data on the masses of peptides included in the analyzed protein with the protein sequences described in the database;</li><li>Analysis and identification of the protein mixture;</li><li>Identification of post translational modifications (PTMs) (we use the tools: Skyline, Spectronaut).</li><li>Reporting of the result including, but not limited to, confirmation of the coverage of the protein sequence obtained in the test sample with the theoretical protein and the list of modified peptides, location and % of modifications.</li></ul>Comparative analyses include:<ul><li>Determining the composition of mixtures;</li><li>Comparison and profiling of sample series - protein identification and trend analysis.</li></ul>Our offer also includes:<ul><li>Support in the planning and execution of studies (the scope is determined individually);</li><li>Assistance in the development of extraction methods from complex matrices - biological fluids, plant tissue, animal tissues (the scope is determined individually);</li><li>Statistical analysis using tools: MarkerView (PCA), GraphPad Prism, Trends, Sciex OS;</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1294">Quantitative analysis of proteins</a>;</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1296">Analysis and characterization of monoclonal antibodies</a>.</li></ul></blockquote><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_proteins_Bioanalytic_1_97cf8c94b3.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Identification of the proteins." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Identification_of_the_proteins_Bioanalytic_1_97cf8c94b3.jpg 117w," sizes="100vw" width="1500" height="2000">

Bioanalytic Development of LC-MS/MS method

We take an individual and factual approach to developing a new method and performing analyses.

<h4>An experienced partner in the LC-MS/MS analysis industry</h4>If you are interested in performing quantitative, qualitative or mixed analysis using LC-MS/MS analytical methods but lack such capabilities due to lack of equipment, “know-how” or are looking for a team to perform analysis for a project - you have come to the right place. We work on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/companies/315">equipment</a> with high sensitivity, speed and specificity. Our team is a group of specialists with comprehensive experience in the industry. The LabExperts <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labexperts.com.pl/zespol/">team</a> has participated in many scientific projects, R&amp;D and commercial implementations. We take an individual and factual approach to developing a new method and performing analyses:<ul><li>In the first stage, we get to know your requirements - to align expectations with capabilities;</li><li>Next, we will form and approve the framework for cooperation, ensuring the observance of confidentiality by signing a non-disclosure agreement (NDA);</li><li>We will plan together and, for our part, meet the deadlines for the completion of the set tasks;</li><li>We will perform preliminary studies, after which we will decide together whether and to what extent we continue to develop the methods;</li><li>We will handle the development of the sample preparation procedure;</li><li>We will select the best parameters for the LC-MS/MS analytical method;</li><li>The analytical method along with the sample preparation procedure will be validated according to generally accepted guidelines and standards, or we will establish the required acceptance criteria and ranges for your needs;</li><li>We will perform LC-MS/MS analyses of a series of samples;</li><li>We will provide results in the form of easy-to-read reports at each required stage;</li><li>We will evaluate the feasibility and assist in the transfer of the method to your laboratory.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Development_of_LC_MS_MS_method_2594c9fd54.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Development of LC-MS-MS method." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Development_of_LC_MS_MS_method_2594c9fd54.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="1024">Pricing and the framework for cooperation are always determined individually depending on the scope of the study. This is influenced by the amount of work and the complexity of the development of the sample preparation procedure and analytical method and routine analytics. As a rule, the final price consists of three separately priced elements: the cost of preliminary studies, method validation, and the cost of analysis of one sample within a series of analyses.Don't beat your head against the wall - we will help you achieve your goal!We look forward to working with you!

Bioanalytic Individual LC-MS/MS training

We are ready to prepare customized LC-MS/MS training for the needs of participants.

<h4>BASIC INFORMATION</h4><ul><li>TITLE: Customized LC-MS/MS Training</li><li>CATEGORY: LC-MS/MS training</li><li>LOCATION: Lodz, PL or other</li><li>TRAINING TIME: 1-5 days or more</li><li>NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS: 4-8 people</li><li>EQUIPMENT: SCIEX QTRAP/QTOF LC-MS/MS</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Individual_LC_MS_MS_training_8a73408c56.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Individual LC-MS-MS training." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Individual_LC_MS_MS_training_8a73408c56.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="930"><h4>TRAINING DESCRIPTION</h4>Customized LC-MS/MS training we are ready to prepare for the needs of participants, discussing:<ul><li>theoretical basics of chromatography, mass spectrometry,</li><li>practical operation of the LC-MS/MS system,</li><li>qualitative and quantitative analysis,</li><li>DDA &amp; DIA screening methods,</li><li>“omics” analyses,</li><li>validation of analytical methods,</li><li>solving basic methodological and technical problems,</li><li>software,</li><li>calibration,</li><li>“tips&amp;tricks”,</li><li>etc...</li></ul>We offer training for both novices starting the fascinating adventure of LC-MS/MS analytics, as well as for those who are LC-MS/MS users and are interested in expanding and consolidating their knowledge.<h4>Framework training program</h4><ul><li>individual LC-MS/MS training is developed according to the customer's demand</li><li>conducting theoretical and/or practical training at the customer's workplace</li><li>carrying out theoretical and/or practical training in a laboratory in Lodz</li></ul>

Bioanalytic Basic LC-MS/MS training

Basic LC-MS/MS training covers the theoretical basics of mass spectrometry and familiarization with the basic operation of the instrument.

<h4>BASIC INFORMATION</h4><ul><li>TITLE: Basic LC-MS/MS training</li><li>CATEGORY: LC-MS/MS training</li><li>LOCATION: Lodz, PL</li><li>TRAINING TIME: 3 days</li><li>NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS: up to 5 people</li><li>EQUIPMENT: SCIEX QTRAP &amp; QTOF LC-MS/MS</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Basic_LC_MS_MS_training_fb1382a55b.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Basic LC-MS-MS training." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Basic_LC_MS_MS_training_fb1382a55b.jpg 205w," sizes="100vw" width="1293" height="987"><h4>TRAINING DESCRIPTION</h4>Basic LC-MS/MS training covers the theoretical basics of mass spectrometry and familiarization with the basic operation of the instrument. Basic LC-MS/MS training is primarily aimed at those who are new to LC-MS/MS equipment or who wish to become familiar with this analytical technique. During the training, the following will be presented:<ul><li>principles of developing and optimizing quantitative and qualitative methods on low (triple quadrupole, QTRAP) and high resolution (QTOF) instruments,</li><li>basic functionality of the software,</li><li>procedures and objectives of instrument calibration,</li><li>principles of maintaining the cleanliness of mass spectrometer operation.</li></ul><h5>Basic LC-MS/MS training - the program</h5>Day ITheoretical classes:<ul><li>Introduction to LC</li><li>Introduction to mass spectrometry (basics)</li><li>Quantitative analysis.</li></ul>Practical part:QTRAP:<ul><li>QTRAP scanning modes on the instrument - Q1, , MS2, MRM, demonstration and discussion on the example of a selected pesticide of the fragmentation spectrum and its fragmentation pathway.</li><li>MRM pair formation (manual, semi-automatic, automatic).</li><li>optimization of ion source parameters -T-conector</li><li>explanation of the main parameters related to LC (column selection, gradient vs isocrat, autosampler)</li><li>LC-MS/MS method setup and optimization</li></ul>QTOF:<ul><li>manual and automatic optimization of MRMHR</li><li>ion source and LC parameters (transfer from method developed above)</li></ul>Sequence of quantitative analysis on both instruments.Day IIQuantitative analysis:<ul><li>data processing and analysis,</li><li>reporting - Sciex OS (QTRAP, QTOF).</li><li>Discussion of types of integration algorithms (MQ4, autopeak) and integration parameters.</li><li>independent selection of integration parameters and plotting of master curves.</li><li>independent data analysis and generation of analysis report.</li></ul>Qualitative analysis:<ul><li>Theoretical introduction - introduction to qualitative analysis:</li><li>qwadrupole modes (Prec/NL),</li><li>trap modes (EMS, EPI, MS3),</li><li>QTOF modes (TOF MS, TOF MS/MS).</li><li>mixed methods,</li><li>targeted vs. untargeted analysis,</li><li>DDA (IDA) - discussion of method development,</li></ul>Practical part:<ul><li>creation of qualitative methods on QTRAP (Prec-IDA, MRM-IDA), other parameters (LC, ion source) as the previous day,</li><li>LightSight - discussion of operation, creation of MRM-IDA multimethod for selected pesticide and analysis of samples (night).</li><li>QTOF - creation of IDA method, other parameters (LC, ion source) as the previous day.</li></ul>Sequence of qualitative analysis overnight.Day IIIQualitative data analysis:QTRAP:<ul><li>Discussion of Prec-IDA, MRM-IDA results - what we see in different types of MS and MS/MS scans. Manual review of data and via IDA Explorer (SciexOS).</li><li>Analysis of results in LightSight, comparison with Prec-IDA, for example - advantages/disadvantages</li></ul>QTOF:<ul><li>search for potentially present compounds in the sample,</li><li>manual comparison of blank vs. test sample,</li><li>manual by XIC extraction (by sum formula),</li><li>Formula finder - derivation of sum formula on TOF MS data and verification of fragmentation on TOF MS/MS data</li><li>search in IDA Explorer mode - application of filters: similarity, isotopic distribution, mass defect,</li><li>database searching,</li><li>Molecule Profiler - demonstration of software capabilities on selected pesticide example,</li></ul>Instrument calibration:<ul><li>resolution, mass-to-charge ratio, intensity,</li><li>Q1 and Q3, LIT (MS and MS/MS), TOF MS and TOF-MS/MS</li><li>Automation vs. manual calibration,</li></ul>LC-MS/MS application examplesSummaryDiscussion

Bioanalytic Quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis training

The goal of the training is to introduce users to the procedures and capabilities of the LC-MS/MS system and software to achieve sensitivity, selectivity, precision and reproducibility in quantitative analysis.

<h4>BASIC INFORMATION</h4><ul><li>TITLE: Quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis training</li><li>CATEGORY: LC-MS/MS training</li><li>LOCATION: Lodz, PL</li><li>TRAINING TIME: 3 days</li><li>NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS: up to 5 people</li><li>EQUIPMENT: SCIEX QTRAP LC-MS/MS</li></ul><figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:1200/675;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Quantitative_LC_MS_MS_analysis_training_d13b5d8127.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Quantitative LC-MS-MS analysis training." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Quantitative_LC_MS_MS_analysis_training_d13b5d8127.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1200" height="675"></figure><h4>TRAINING DESCRIPTION</h4>Quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis - the training is designed for laboratory personnel using LC-MS/MS systems for quantitative analysis. The following topics are covered during the training:<ul><li>Triple quadrupole spectrometer calibration</li><li>MRM pair formation and optimization</li><li>Optimization of ion source parameters</li><li>Optimization of chromatographic parameters</li><li>Sample preparation using the example of blood drawn on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1283">Mitra®</a> samplers (VAMS)</li><li>Matrix effect, internal standards (ISTD), matrix curves</li><li>Validation of the quantitative method</li><li>Reporting of results</li></ul>The goal of the training is to introduce users to the procedures and capabilities of the LC-MS/MS system and software to achieve sensitivity, selectivity, precision and reproducibility in quantitative analysis while covering the widest possible linear range of concentrations.<h3>Training program</h3><h4>Day I</h4><h5>Theoretical part:</h5>Triple quadrupole structure, ionization, MRM and sMRM scanning, chromatography, multimethods<h5>Practical part:</h5><ul><li>Q1/Q3 calibration (10 Da/s), MS/MS - resolution, m/z, intensity.</li><li>MRM pair formation and optimization (manual, semi-automatic, automatic).</li><li>Ion source optimization - T-concector and FIA</li><li>Gradient vs isocrat, dosing, column selection, temperature selection, other important parameters</li><li>Establishment and optimization of LC-MS/MS method.</li><li>How to take care of MS cleanliness - ionization time programming, multi-way valve, cleaning of ion source and instrument front end</li></ul>Sample preparation in pure solvent (standard curve, QC, solvent, solvent+ISTD, test samples), overnight analysis sequence.<h4>Day II</h4><h5>Practical part - preparation of whole blood samples (Mitra®):</h5><ul><li>Preparation of matrix standard curves</li><li>Preparation of quality control (QC) samples in three concentrations</li><li>Preparation of blank samples (without ISTD and with ISTD).</li><li>Preparation of samples for recovery determination (“pre-spiked” and “post-spiked”)</li><li>Preparation of test samples</li></ul><h5>Theoretical part:</h5><ul><li>Samples in the matrix - discussion of the matrix effect and ways to level it.</li><li>Optimization of sample preparation method and LC-MS/MS method</li></ul><h5>Practical part:</h5><ul><li>Sample extraction from Mitra® samplers for LC-MS/MS analysis.</li><li>Sequence of analysis of prepared samples overnight</li></ul><h4>Day III</h4><h5>Theoretical part:</h5><ul><li>Validation of the quantitative LC-MS/MS method</li></ul><h5>Practical part:</h5><ul><li>Software - data integration algorithms, signal smoothing, weighing.</li><li>Matrix curves vs curves in solvent, influence of ISTD (Sciex OS).</li><li>Method validation - validation criteria, determination of LOD, LLOQ, ULOQ, linearity, working range of the method, repeatability, recovery.</li><li>Preparation of summary validation reports</li><li>Reporting of results from test samples - report vs export of data to Excel.</li><li>Summary and discussion.</li></ul>

Bioanalytic QTRAP vs QTOF Quality analysis training

The training includes a presentation of the basic differences in application and a comparison of the capabilities of QTRAP and QTOF instruments in qualitative analysis.

<h4>BASIC INFORMATION</h4><ul><li>TITLE: QTRAP vs QTOF Quality analysis training</li><li>CATEGORY: LC-MS/MS training</li><li>LOCATION: Lodz, PL</li><li>TRAINING TIME: 3 days</li><li>NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS: up to 5 people</li><li>EQUIPMENT: SCIEX QTRAP &amp; QTOF LC-MS/MS</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_QTRAP_vs_QTOF_Quality_analysis_training_18ca66163f.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic QTRAP vs QTOF Quality analysis training." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_QTRAP_vs_QTOF_Quality_analysis_training_18ca66163f.jpg 221w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="707"><h4>TRAINING COURSE DESCRIPTION</h4>QTRAP vs QTOF qualitative analysis - the training is aimed at people who perform analyses related to substance identification or metabolite search in their research work. The training includes a presentation of the basic differences in application and a comparison of the capabilities of QTRAP and QTOF instruments in qualitative analysis. In addition to the theoretical session, participants will undergo a course in the development and optimization of DDA (IDA) (QTRAP &amp; QTOF) and DIA (SWATH) (QTOF) methods. Analysis and comparison of results will be conducted using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sciex.com/products/software/sciex-os-software">SciexOS</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sciex.com/products/software/markerview-software">MarkerView</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sciex.com/products/software/lightsight-software">LightSight</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sciex.com/products/software/molecule-profiler-software">MoleculeProfiler</a> software.<h5>Training program</h5><h4>Day I</h4><h5>Theoretical part</h5><ul><li>Principle of operation of MS/MS systems</li><li>Differences and capabilities of QTRAP and QTOF</li><li>Comparison of typical analytical procedures and their application</li><li>DDA (IDA) vs DIA (SWATH) methodology.</li><li>Supporting software - LightSight, Molecule Profiler, ACD Labs, MarkerView</li><li>General principles of compound fragmentation</li></ul><h4>Day II</h4>Objective - to develop methods to search for metabolites of a known substance.<h5>QTRAP</h5><ul><li>Development of IDA screening methods (pMRM, Prec/NL, EMS)</li><li>Optimization of LC-MS/MS IDA method</li><li>Data acquisition</li></ul><h5>QTOF</h5><ul><li>Development and optimization of LC-MS/MS IDA and SWATH methods</li><li>Data acquisition</li></ul><h4>Day III</h4>Objective - identification and profiling of metabolites of a known substance<h5>QTRAP data analysis</h5><ul><li>Manual search and identification</li><li>LightSight, MarkerView</li></ul><h5>QTOF data analysis</h5><ul><li>Search and data analysis methods</li><li>Manual search and identification</li><li>IDA vs SWATH</li><li>Automated search and identification - SciexOS, databases</li><li>Molecule Profiler, MarkerView</li></ul>Summary and discussion &nbsp;

Bioanalytic QTOF quantitative and qualitative analysis training

The purpose of the training is to introduce users to the capabilities of the LC-HR-MS/MS (QTOF) system in quantitative and qualitative analysis.

<h4>BASIC INFORMATION</h4><ul><li>TITLE:&nbsp; QTOF quantitative and qualitative analysis training</li><li>CATEGORY: LC-MS/MS training</li><li>LOCATION: Lodz, PL</li><li>TRAINING TIME: 3 days</li><li>NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS: up to 5 people</li><li>EQUIPMENT: SCIEX QTOF LC-MS/MS</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_QTOF_quantitative_and_qualitative_analysis_training_af1620ae8c.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic QTOF quantitative and qualitative analysis training." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_QTOF_quantitative_and_qualitative_analysis_training_af1620ae8c.jpg 221w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="707"><h4>TRAINING COURSE DESCRIPTION</h4>Qualitative and quantitative analysis of QTOF - the training is designed for laboratory personnel using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=30&amp;mainauthorItems=55">high-resolution (HR) LC-MS/MS</a> systems for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The following topics are covered during the training:<ul><li>QTOF spectrometer calibration</li><li>Targeted and untargeted methods</li><li>Quantitative analysis (TOF MS, MRMhr)</li><li>Qualitative and quantitative analysis - DDA (IDA) vs DIA (SWATH) methodology</li><li>Software and its use in high-resolution data analysis</li><li>Reporting of results</li></ul>The purpose of the training is to introduce users to the capabilities of the LC-HR-MS/MS (QTOF) system in quantitative and qualitative analysis. To point out the advantages of high resolution in identifying or confirming the presence of substances in a sample and also the strengths of modern QTOF systems in parallel quantitative analysis.<h3>Training program</h3><h4>Day I</h4><h5>Theoretical part</h5><ul><li>The principle of operation and capabilities of the QTOF system</li><li>Comparison of typical analytical procedures and their application</li><li>Targeted and quantitative analysis (TOF MS vs MRMhr)</li><li>DDA (IDA) vs DIA (SWATH) methodology.</li><li>Supporting software - Molecule Profiler, ACD Labs, MarkerView</li><li>General principles of compound fragmentation</li></ul><h4>Day II</h4>Objective - to develop methods for quantitative analysis, confirmation or search for metabolites of a known substance, general characterization of the sample.<h5>Practical part:</h5><ul><li>Creation and optimization of the MRMhr targeted method</li><li>Creation and optimization of a non-targeted method IDA</li><li>Creation and optimization of the non-targeted method SWATH</li><li>Data acquisition (overnight)</li></ul><h4>Day III</h4>Objective - quantitative analysis, confirmation of the presence or identification of metabolites of a known substance, general characterization of the sample (identification of compounds present in the sample), profiling.<h5>Practical part:</h5><ul><li>Quantitative analysis - TOF MS vs MRMhr</li><li>Methods for searching and analyzing data</li><li>IDA vs SWATH data</li><li>Manual search and identification</li><li>Automated search and identification - SciexOS, databases</li><li>Molecule Profiler, MarkerView</li><li>Summary and discussion</li></ul>

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