<p><span><strong>Pesticides and biocides are widely used in agriculture, building materials, and urban gardening to control pests and protect crops and public health. While much attention has been paid to pesticide residues in food, water, and outdoor environments, far less is known about their presence inside homes, where people spend the majority of their time. A new RECETOX study published in Indoor Environments addresses this gap by examining pesticides detected in house dust and their relevance for human exposure.&nbsp;</strong></span></p><p><span>The study reveals that<strong> Czech household dust commonly contains multiple pesticide residues</strong>, highlighting the persistence of both historic and current chemical use indoors. Modern pesticides were detected in<strong> 93% of homes</strong>, with<strong> two fungicides</strong> (carbendazim and propiconazole) most frequently found, while compounds related to the long‑banned pesticide <strong>DDT </strong>were present in dust from all homes, and were at higher levels in homes <strong>over 40 years old</strong>. Homes located closer to agricultural areas showed higher levels of current‑use pesticides in spring, indicating an influence of nearby farming activities. &nbsp;</span></p><p><span>House dust acts as a sink for chemicals transported indoors from outdoor sources as well as from indoor use. <strong>Many pesticides can persist in dust for long periods</strong>, leading to continuous exposure in indoor spaces. This is particularly important for young children, who have higher exposure to dust from playing on the floor and mouthing toys and objects. The research underscores that<strong> indoor environments are not isolated from their surroundings</strong>. Understanding what ends up in house dust is a crucial step toward protecting public health and developing more comprehensive approaches to managing chemical risks in everyday life.&nbsp;</span></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/RECETOX_Vyzkum_pesticidu_v_domacim_prachu_opomijena_cesta_lidske_expozice_a9a089fd2f.jpg" alt="RECETOX: Pesticides in House Dust: An Overlooked Pathway of Human Exposure" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_RECETOX_Vyzkum_pesticidu_v_domacim_prachu_opomijena_cesta_lidske_expozice_a9a089fd2f.jpg 195w," sizes="100vw" width="738" height="591"></p><blockquote><h4><strong>Original Article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950362026000214?via%3Dihub"><strong>Legacy and current-use pesticides in indoor settled dust and association with building age and seasonality</strong></a></h4><p>Paula Marcinekova, Ondřej Mikeš, Simona Rozárka Jílková, Petr Šenk, Jakub Martiník, Jan Böhm, Petra Borilova Linhartova, Lenka Andrýsková, Jana Klánová, Lisa Melymuk</p><p><i>Indoor Environ.</i>, 2026, 3, 100169</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100169"><span>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indenv.2026.100169</span></a><span>&nbsp;</span></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><h4><strong>Abstract</strong></h4><p>Indoor pesticide exposure is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to pollutant exposure in residential spaces. This study investigates concentrations of legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and current-use pesticides (CUPs) in settled dust from 116 homes in the Czech Republic, in the context of their seasonal variability, relationships with building characteristics, geospatial factors, and indoor dust bacteriome diversity and composition. CUPs were detected in dust in 93% of homes, with carbendazim (84.5%), propiconazole (49.1%), atrazine (24.1%), and tebuconazole (11.2%) detected most frequently. OCPs were found in all homes. Propiconazole concentrations were significantly higher in homes with adjacent gardens, potentially reflecting its use as a biocide in outdoor building materials. CUP concentrations had clear seasonal trends, with peak levels in spring and summer, corresponding to pesticide application periods, particularly in rural environments. OCP concentrations were substantially higher in houses over 40 years old, indicating the persistence of residues from past indoor uses. While pesticide presence was ubiquitous, exposure estimates for children, under both average and high-exposure scenarios, were well below U.S. EPA reference doses (RfDs) for individual compounds; however, most homes had 3–11 pesticides in dust, raising the possibility of mixture effects. No significant associations, using a Spearman rank correlation matrix, were observed between pesticide concentrations and indoor dust bacteriome diversity and composition. These findings highlight the presence of pesticides in homes, including those in urban areas, driven by both current and historical sources, and reinforce the importance of monitoring to better understand potential exposure pathways.</p><h4><strong>Instrumentation</strong></h4><h5><strong>1. LC–MS/MS analysis of CUPs</strong></h5><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=27&amp;mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1290+Series+Gradient"><strong>Agilent 1290 Series Gradient HPLC</strong></a></li><li>Columns:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1701"><strong>Phenomenex Luna C18</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=34&amp;mainauthorItems=50&amp;search=SecurityGuard+C18"><strong>Phenomenex SecurityGuard C18</strong></a></li></ul></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=55&amp;search=QTrap+5500%2B"><strong>SCIEX QTrap 5500+</strong></a> (triple quadrupole MS, ESI+)</li></ul><h5><strong>2. GC–MS/MS analysis of OCPs</strong></h5><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=1&amp;mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=8890A"><strong>Agilent 8890A GC</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=19&amp;mainauthorItems=7&amp;search=Rxi-5Sil-MS"><strong>Restek Rxi-5Sil-MS capillary column</strong></a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=7000D"><strong>Agilent 7000D triple quadrupole MS</strong></a></li></ul>

Pesticides in House Dust: An Overlooked Pathway of Human Exposure

<p><strong>This technical note presents a practical troubleshooting strategy for one of the most common issues in liquid chromatography (LC): shifting retention times. The approach is based on a systematic distinction between system-related (physical) and chromatographic (chemical) causes.</strong></p><p>A key diagnostic parameter used throughout the process is the <strong>T₀ (dead time)</strong>, representing an <strong>unretained peak</strong> that passes through the column without interaction.</p><h3><span><strong>Key Concept: T₀ (Dead Time / Unretained Peak)</strong></span></h3><p>T₀ is defined as the retention time of a compound that does not interact with the stationary phase and therefore elutes directly with the mobile phase.</p><h4><span><strong>How to Determine T₀</strong></span></h4><p>T₀ can be determined experimentally by adding a marker compound to the system:</p><ul><li><strong>Uracil</strong></li><li><strong>Potassium nitrate</strong></li></ul><p>These compounds are added to a blank or method and produce a measurable unretained peak used for troubleshooting.</p><h3><span><strong>Step 1: Evaluate T₀ Behavior</strong></span></h3><p>The first and most important step is to determine whether <strong>T₀ is constant or variable</strong>.</p><ul><li><span><strong>Case A: T₀ is Variable (Shifting)</strong></span><br>→ Indicates a <strong>system-related (physical) problem</strong><br>&nbsp;</li><li><span><strong>Case B: T₀ is Constant</strong></span><br>→ Indicates a <strong>chromatographic or chemical problem</strong></li></ul><h3><span><strong>System-Related Issues (T₀ is Variable)</strong></span></h3><p>If T₀ is shifting, the problem is likely related to the <strong>LC system hardware or physical parameters</strong>. This is especially true when <strong>all peaks shift together</strong> in the chromatogram.</p><h3><span><strong>Possible Causes</strong></span></h3><ul><li><span><strong>Incorrect Flow Rate</strong></span></li><li><span><strong>Pump Malfunction</strong></span><ul><li>Inconsistent or unstable flow delivery can cause retention time variability.</li></ul></li><li><span><strong>Incorrect Column Length</strong></span><ul><li>Using a column with different dimensions than expected.</li></ul></li><li><span><strong>Solvent Delivery Issues</strong></span><ul><li>Empty solvent reservoir (system running dry)</li><li>Blockages or restrictions (e.g., frits, solvent lines)</li></ul></li><li><span><strong>Tubing or System Volume Changes</strong></span><ul><li>Changes in tubing configuration</li><li>Differences in system dwell (swell) volume</li></ul></li></ul><h3><span><strong>Chromatographic / Chemical Issues (T₀ is Constant)</strong></span></h3><p>If T₀ remains stable but <strong>only specific peaks shift</strong>, the issue is likely related to <strong>chemistry or column conditions</strong>.</p><h4><span><strong>Possible Causes</strong></span></h4><ul><li><span><strong>Incorrect Stationary Phase</strong></span><ul><li>Column with same dimensions but different chemistry (e.g., different silica or bonded phase)</li></ul></li><li><p><span><strong>Ionizable Analytes</strong></span><br>Ionizable compounds exist in:</p><ul><li><strong>Neutral form - </strong>More <strong>hydrophobic</strong>, retained longer on a <strong>reversed-phase column</strong></li><li><strong>Ionized form</strong></li></ul><p><span><strong>Impact of pH</strong></span><br>Small pH changes in the mobile phase can significantly affect:</p><ul><li>Ionization state</li><li>Retention time of specific analytes</li></ul></li><li><span><strong>Mobile Phase Issues</strong></span><ul><li>Old solvents</li><li>Evaporation of volatile components</li><li>Changes in composition</li></ul></li><li><span><strong>4. Temperature Variations</strong></span><ul><li>Temperature affects analyte–stationary phase interactions</li><li>Even small fluctuations can shift retention times</li></ul></li></ul><h3><span><strong>Step-by-Step Troubleshooting Workflow</strong></span></h3><ol><li><span><strong>Add T₀ Marker</strong></span><ol><li>Use uracil or potassium nitrate</li></ol></li><li><span><strong>Monitor T₀</strong></span><ol><li>Determine whether it is constant or shifting</li></ol></li><li><span><strong>If T₀ is Variable → Check System</strong></span><ol><li>Flow rate settings</li><li>Pump performance</li><li>Solvent levels and lines</li><li>Column dimensions</li><li>Tubing and system volume</li></ol></li><li><span><strong>If T₀ is Constant → Check Chemistry</strong></span><ol><li>Column phase</li><li>Mobile phase composition and pH</li><li>Solvent quality</li><li>Temperature stability</li><li>Nature of analytes (ionizable vs. non-ionizable)</li></ol></li></ol><h3><span><strong>Discussion and Practical Insight</strong></span></h3><p>This troubleshooting approach simplifies a complex problem by dividing it into two main categories:</p><ul><li><strong>Physical/system-related</strong></li><li><strong>Chemical/chromatographic</strong></li></ul><p>The use of T₀ as a diagnostic tool allows rapid identification of the problem origin, reducing unnecessary trial-and-error steps.</p><p>Particular attention should be paid to <strong>ionizable compounds</strong>, as they are highly sensitive to <strong>pH variations</strong>, which can lead to significant and selective retention time shifts.</p><h3><span><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></h3><p>Retention time shifts in LC can be efficiently diagnosed by evaluating the behavior of the <strong>T₀ (unretained peak)</strong>:</p><ul><li><strong>Variable T₀ → System issue</strong></li><li><strong>Constant T₀ → Chromatographic/chemical issue</strong></li></ul><p>By following this structured approach, analysts can quickly narrow down the root cause and implement targeted corrective actions.</p>

Troubleshooting Retention Time Shifts in Liquid Chromatography 

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RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment) is an independent department of the Faculty of Science of Masaryk University in Brno, which has been established in 1983. RECETOX is focused on the research and education in cross-cutting area of Environment and Health. It addresses interactions among chemicals, environment, and biological systems, including consequences at local, regional, and global levels.

RECETOX - Centrum pro výzkum toxických látek v prostředí

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During long analyses, critical hardware components stay clean for longer, so results are more reproducible and the laboratory stays productive.</p><p>Meaningful information is obtained for a greater number of components across a larger population of samples than ever before, giving a more complete picture for improved understanding and more confident decision making.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Xevo_G2_XS_Q_Tof_Quadrupole_Time_of_Flight_Mass_Spectrometry_437f84bacd.jpg" alt="Waters Xevo G2-XS QTof Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry: Maximum robustness with no compromise in performance." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Xevo_G2_XS_Q_Tof_Quadrupole_Time_of_Flight_Mass_Spectrometry_437f84bacd.jpg 224w," sizes="100vw" width="900" height="628"></p><div><h4><strong>Class-leading real-world quantitative sensitivity</strong></h4><p>In targeted quantitative analysis, the greatest challenge is to detect and quantify components of interest down to the lowest possible levels, often in the presence of interferences from complex matrix.&nbsp; 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Waters ACQUITY Advanced Polymer Chromatography (APC) System

The ACQUITY APC System Increase sample throughput and laboratory operations by obtaining accurate and repeatable sample separation up to 20 time faster than before.

<div><div><h4><strong>The highest performance for polymers and oligomers</strong></h4></div></div><div><div><p><strong>Today’s polymer scientists operate within an increasingly dynamic market space, one with a growing demand for high-performing materials, bio-material innovations, and intense competition. But the long run times of traditional chromatography polymer characterization has made keeping up with this demand a challenge for many labs.</strong></p><p>Not anymore. With the <strong>next era in polymer separation</strong>, the <strong>ACQUITY Advanced Polymer Chromatography (APC) System</strong>, you can achieve the <strong>highest resolution size-based separations</strong> for <strong>chromatographic polymer and oligomer characterization</strong>, all <strong>faster than ever</strong>. With the <strong>ACQUITY APC System</strong>, you can <strong>improve data consistency and quality</strong> with <strong>fast, daily calibration</strong>, and <strong>automate your method development</strong> with <strong>advanced system technologies</strong> – so you can <strong>innovate faster</strong> while <strong>improving lab operations.</strong></p><div><div><div><div><h3><strong>Features and Benefits</strong></h3><ul><li><strong>Accelerate your insights</strong> - Reduce laboratory turnaround times for polymer samples by getting answers to your development labs, your manufacturing operations teams, and your customers 5 to 20 times faster than traditional SEC/GPC with the ultra-low system dispersion of the ACQUITY APC System paired with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1950"><strong>ACQUITY APC Columns</strong></a>.</li><li><strong>Get the accurate data you need for informed decisions</strong> - Gain more insight into your polymer samples through compatibility with a wide range of specific detection techniques (refractive index, UV/Vis, PDA, ELS) and third-party advanced detectors like multi-angle light scattering and viscometry. Get accurate molecular weight (MW) data every day with the precise flow delivery of the isocratic solvent manager.</li><li><strong>Optimize method development, even in harsh conditions</strong> - Optimize method development via rapid and automated solvent switching and aggressive solvent compatibility, which supports the harsh separation conditions associated with polymer analyses.</li><li><strong>Improve lab efficiency with one system</strong> - Increase analytical scope and laboratory efficiency by leveraging one system to perform multiple applications, including basic liquid chromatography (LC), gradient, isocratic, reverse-phase, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC).</li><li><strong>Simplify your column management</strong> - Simplify and optimize column bank calibration through standards that are matched to column bank MW ranges. Versatile column management allows you to automatically select up to two banks of <strong>ACQUITY APC</strong> columns and up to two banks of traditional GPC columns - all housed in a stable, temperature-controlled environment.</li></ul></div></div><div><div><h4><strong>Recommended Use</strong></h4><p>Highest-resolution, size-based separations for chromatographic polymer and oligomer characterization.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_APC_System_nakonfigurovany_pro_automaticke_prepinani_jak_APC_tak_GPC_kolon_e198c774f4/Waters-ACQUITY-APC-System-nakonfigurovany-pro-automaticke-prepinani-jak-APC-tak-GPC-kolon.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY Advanced Polymer Chromatography (APC) System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_APC_System_nakonfigurovany_pro_automaticke_prepinani_jak_APC_tak_GPC_kolon_e198c774f4/thumbnail_Waters-ACQUITY-APC-System-nakonfigurovany-pro-automaticke-prepinani-jak-APC-tak-GPC-kolon.jpg 213w," sizes="100vw" width="969" height="710"></p><div><div><h3><strong>Accelerate innovation with enhanced insight</strong></h3><p>Harnessing the benefits of advanced polymer chromatography with the ACQUITY APC System means obtaining accurate and repeatable polymer and oligomer molecular weight information anywhere between<strong> 5 to 20 times faster than was possible</strong> with traditional<strong> GPC/SEC technology</strong> - so you can innovate faster while improving laboratory operations.</p><p><strong>With the ACQUITY APC System, you can:</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Reduce laboratory turnaround times for polymer samples&nbsp;</strong>by getting answers to your development labs, your manufacturing operations teams, and your customers - faster.</li><li><strong>Drive innovation</strong>&nbsp;with faster results and more information so that your entire operation can respond more rapidly by decreasing development cycle times and accelerating time to market.</li><li><strong>Streamline process monitoring</strong>&nbsp;and achieve better batch control with the agility to make timely decisions “on-the-fly” about process and synthesis optimization<strong>.</strong></li><li><strong>Significantly reduce the analysis cost per sample</strong>&nbsp;by reducing solvent consumption and waste disposal volumes.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_Advanced_Polymer_Chromatography_APC_System_ca5154865a.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY Advanced Polymer Chromatography (APC) System: Accelerate your innovation with enhanced insight into polymer chemical structure with the ACQUITY APC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_Advanced_Polymer_Chromatography_APC_System_ca5154865a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="600"></p><div><div><h3><strong>Optimize method development with solvent switching and compatibility</strong></h3><p>Using the ACQUITY APC System with <strong>Polymer Quaternary Solvent Manager</strong> (p-QSM) <strong>technology </strong>provides chemists and polymer scientists with the ultimate flexibility to analyze the most complex polymer blends and additives using standard polymer chromatography, gradient polymer elution chromatography (GPEC), and reverse-phase LC with a single system.</p><p>Additional system features allow automated solvent selection of up to six different solvents. Automated column bank switching capabilities can also be paired with the rigid and solvent-resilient particles of the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1950"><strong>ACQUITY APC Columns</strong></a> to achieve the world’s first truly automated solution for method development of size-based polymer separations. This supports separation of polymers in hours, instead of days.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_Advanced_Polymer_Chromatography_APC_System_2_b95f96f0a2.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY Advanced Polymer Chromatography (APC) System: Repeatable analysis of poly (methyl methacrylate co ethylacrylate) using the same two running ACQUITY APC 4.6 x 150 mm Columns (450 Å and 125 Å) in series after automated switching of the solvents from THF to toluene to DMF and back to THF." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_Advanced_Polymer_Chromatography_APC_System_2_b95f96f0a2.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="609"></p></div></div><div><div><h3><strong>Use advanced detection for even more insights</strong></h3><p>Get the valuable decision-making information you need from a single analysis by equipping the ACQUITY APC System with advanced detectors. Combining the ACQUITY APC System with advanced detection solutions significantly increases information attainable from <strong>size-exclusion chromatography</strong> (SEC) analysis through addition of <strong>refractive index</strong> (RI), <strong>ultraviolet </strong>(UV),<strong> photodiode array </strong>(PDA), <strong>light scattering</strong> (LS), and <strong>differential viscometry</strong> (IV). Advanced detection options from <strong>Wyatt Technology</strong> are seamlessly integrated with ACQUITY APC System, enabling you to fully characterize samples to better inform the structure-property relationship of novel complex polymers.</p></div></div><div><div><h3><strong>Keep pace with your research with dedicated consumables</strong></h3><p>The ACQUITY APC System is even more powerful with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/nextgen/global/products/columns/acquity-apc-columns.html"><strong>ACQUITY APC Columns</strong></a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/nextgen/global/products/standards-and-reagents/acquity-advanced-polymer-chromatography-calibration-standards-ki.html"><strong>ACQUITY APC Calibration Standards Kits</strong></a>. The Ethylene Bridged Hybrid (BEH) Technology in ACQUITY APC Columns creates particles that ensure extreme column performance and long column lifetime under harsh operating conditions – ideal for general purpose, reversed-phase chromatography, and for method development due to extreme pH stability and applicability to the broadest range of compound classes.</p><p>With run times of less than 10 minutes, a bank of ACQUITY APC Columns can be <strong>calibrated in less than 30 minutes</strong> using ACQUITY APC Calibration Standards Kits.&nbsp;These standard kits have been matched to the MW range of ACQUITY APC Columns, generating a 10-point calibration for any bank combination in a simple dilute-and-shoot format. With daily column bank calibration, you can greatly improve data consistency to increase confidence in batch-to-batch measurements. Select the best column and calibration standards for a given application with our convenient <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.waters.com/waters/promotionDetail.htm?id=134823417">selector tool</a>.&nbsp;</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_Advanced_Polymer_Chromatography_APC_System_4_056bb6d284.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY Advanced Polymer Chromatography (APC) System: Ethylene Bridged Hybrid (BEH) Technology helps you keep up with the pace of your research with state-of-the-art reversed-phase and HILIC HPLC columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_Advanced_Polymer_Chromatography_APC_System_4_056bb6d284.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="620"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_ACQUITY_Advanced_Polymer_Chromatography_APC_System_5_7a814e249b.jpg" alt="Waters ACQUITY Advanced Polymer Chromatography (APC) System: Improve data and consistency with ACQUITY APC Calibration Standards." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_ACQUITY_Advanced_Polymer_Chromatography_APC_System_5_7a814e249b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="591"></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

Products from Waters distributed by Waters Corporation (Europe) - page 9

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