Join us for a fascinating conversation with Dr. Subhoja Chakraborty from the University of Central Florida, whose cutting-edge research targets the global challenge of malaria drug resistance. Dr. Chakraborty shares her journey from structure-based drug design during her PhD to her recent collaborative work repurposing human kinase inhibitors as rapid, selective antimalarials against drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains.<h4>In this episode, you'll learn:</h4><ul><li>How structure-guided approaches reveal potential drug targets, including cysteine proteases like falcipain-2, and kinases implicated in malaria's complex life cycle.</li><li>The power of repurposing kinase inhibitors originally developed for cancer and other diseases, focusing on compound 12, which blocks hemozoin formation and protein kinase 6—key steps in parasite survival.</li><li>Lab techniques such as affinity, gel filtration, and size exclusion chromatography for recombinant protein purification—and how troubleshooting is crucial for high-yield, stable complexes.</li><li>Advances in mass spectrometry for characterizing protein interactions, validating drug targets, and mapping molecular pathways pivotal to malaria therapeutics.</li><li>Tips and lessons for new researchers facing the challenges of sample preparation, complex protocols, and working as part of a collaborative team.</li></ul>Dr. Chakraborty’s insights bridge the gap between basic science and translational drug discovery, offering hope for more effective, targeted malaria treatments in a world where resistance to frontline therapies threatens millions.<h4>Referenced Papers:</h4><ul><li>"Plasmodium falciparum protein kinase 6 and hemozoin formation are inhibited by a type II human kinase inhibitor exhibiting antimalarial activity" (Cell Chemical Biology, 2025)</li><li>"New insights of falcipain 2 structure from Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain" (BBRC, 2022)</li><li>"Structure-Based Optimization of Protease−Inhibitor Interactions to Enhance Specificity of Human Stefin‑A against Falcipain‑2 from the Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 Strain" (Biochemistry, 2023)</li></ul>If you’re a student, scientist, or simply passionate about advances in infectious disease research, this episode offers actionable insights, inspiring advice, and a front-row seat to innovation in combating malaria.<h3>Video Transcription</h3><h4>From Structural Biology to Drug Discovery: Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry in Malaria Research</h4><h5>Introduction</h5>In this discussion, Subhoja shares insights into her research journey, focusing on malaria drug discovery and the role of modern analytical techniques in biological and biomedical research. The conversation is aimed primarily at undergraduate students and early-career researchers interested in chemistry, biotechnology, and life sciences.<h5>Research Focus: Malaria Drug Discovery and Kinase Targets</h5>Subhoja is currently involved in malaria drug discovery research at the University of Central Florida, where she has been working since beginning her postdoctoral position two years ago. Her earlier PhD research focused on structure-based drug design in malaria, using a combination of in silico approaches, recombinant protein expression, and X-ray crystallography to determine precise three-dimensional structures of target proteins and their inhibitors.This structural perspective provided a foundation for her current work, which centers on drug discovery through compound screening and repurposing. A recent publication from her laboratory explores the use of repurposed mammalian CDK-like kinase inhibitors as potential antimalarial agents. While such kinase inhibitors are well known in cancer and cardiovascular research, their application to malaria targets represents a novel and promising approach.Kinases are attractive drug targets because of their central role in cell signaling and growth pathways. By targeting specific kinases involved in different stages of the malaria parasite life cycle—whether asexual growth, gametocytogenesis, or differentiation—it may be possible to significantly inhibit parasite growth and progression.<h5>Chromatography in Protein Expression and Purification Workflows</h5>Chromatography plays a critical role throughout Subhoja’s research. Her experience spans from basic chromatography techniques during her early training to advanced protein purification workflows using affinity chromatography, gel filtration (size exclusion chromatography), and ion exchange chromatography.Recombinant proteins are routinely purified using affinity resins such as nickel or cobalt, followed by further purification to remove contaminants. Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) enables compact, stepwise purification workflows suitable for producing proteins for in vitro assays.A recurring challenge in this process is the expression of high-molecular-weight proteins, which often accumulate in insoluble fractions or inclusion bodies. Careful selection of expression vectors, host systems, and induction conditions is therefore essential to maximize yield and solubility.<h5>Integrating Size Exclusion Chromatography into the Workflow</h5>Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is typically used after affinity purification to further improve protein purity. Following elution with imidazole or glutathione, desalting is required to prevent buffer components from interfering with downstream assays. This is often achieved using desalting columns such as G-25 or PD-10.To remove lower-molecular-weight contaminants, finer SEC media—such as Superdex or Sephacryl columns—are employed. Concentration steps using molecular-weight cut-off filters are then applied to obtain the desired protein concentration for functional studies.These iterative purification and troubleshooting steps are a routine part of protein biochemistry and reflect the importance of methodical optimization and careful validation.<h5>The Role of Mass Spectrometry in Biomolecular Characterization</h5>Mass spectrometry is a key analytical tool in Subhoja’s research pipeline, particularly for target identification and validation. In both malaria and cancer research, MS is used alongside chromatography, immunoprecipitation, and pull-down assays to study protein interactions and molecular recognition events.Affinity-based mass spectrometry enables the identification of binding partners and interactors, whether studying proteins, long non-coding RNAs, or protein complexes. Techniques such as native MS, tandem affinity purification, and proximity labeling (e.g., TurboID-based workflows) provide deeper insights into molecular networks and signaling pathways.These approaches are essential for understanding how candidate drug targets function within complex biological systems.<h5>Sample Preparation Challenges in Biological Research</h5>Sample preparation remains one of the most challenging aspects of biological experimentation. Whole-cell lysates contain proteases, nucleases, and other components that can rapidly degrade target molecules. Preventing degradation requires minimizing preparation time, maintaining low temperatures, and using appropriate inhibitor cocktails.Reproducibility is also critical: biological experiments require multiple replicates, and variability is often unavoidable. Careful handling, protocol optimization, and continuous troubleshooting are essential to ensure reliable results, whether preparing samples for chromatography, mass spectrometry, sequencing, or immunoprecipitation.<h5>Advances in Chromatography and MS for Malaria Research</h5>Modern advances in chromatography and mass spectrometry significantly enhance malaria research by enabling precise target identification, quantification, and functional characterization. Drug discovery workflows begin with construct design and recombinant expression, followed by purification and interaction studies.In malaria research, stage-specific parasite biology requires careful extraction and analysis of proteins from different life cycle stages. Tandem affinity MS, immunoprecipitation, and in vivo validation studies help confirm target relevance and therapeutic potential.Recent work on repurposed kinase inhibitors has shown promising results, including inhibition of hemozoin formation—a key detoxification pathway for the malaria parasite—highlighting the potential of such compounds for further development.<h5>Malaria, Drug Resistance, and Global Impact</h5>Malaria remains a major global health burden, with over 600,000 deaths annually and widespread drug resistance complicating treatment. Artemisinin resistance, particularly associated with mutations in the K13 propeller domain, has driven the search for new targets and therapies.During her PhD, Subhoja focused on falcipain-2, a cysteine protease involved in hemoglobin degradation within the parasite. This pathway is critical for parasite survival and has emerged as a promising drug target. Her work revealed that falcipain-2 operates within a larger protein complex responsible for hemoglobin processing and amino acid release.Understanding these molecular mechanisms is essential for developing robust, stage-specific antimalarial strategies.<h5>Advice for Early-Career Researchers</h5>For researchers just starting out, Subhoja emphasizes the importance of hands-on experience. Working directly with cells, lysates, and analytical tools is essential for truly understanding experimental systems. Failure is an inherent part of research, and perseverance is key.Motivation, teamwork, careful sample handling, and thorough preparation all contribute to long-term success. Reading extensively, critically evaluating one’s own work, and appreciating incremental progress are vital aspects of a sustainable research career.Every successful experiment—no matter how small—represents meaningful progress and contributes to the broader goals of science and medicine.<h5>Closing Remarks</h5>The discussion highlights how interdisciplinary approaches combining chromatography, mass spectrometry, structural biology, and biochemistry are driving advances in malaria drug discovery. Through careful experimental design, analytical rigor, and collaborative teamwork, researchers can address complex biological challenges and contribute to global health solutions.<blockquote>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</blockquote><blockquote><h4>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</h4>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!You can find Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast in podcast apps:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL">Spotify</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185">Apple podcast</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography">podscan</a></li></ul>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos">YouTube channel</a></blockquote>

Affinity, Gel Filtration, Size Exclusion Chromatography: Repurposing Kinase Inhibitors for Malaria

In the week of February 9, the following webinars await you in the field of liquid phase and especially HPLC and LC/MS.<blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinars">👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</a></h4>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database with over 5 000 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars.</blockquote><h5>1. SelectScience: High-Throughput Stability Screening Strategies for Antibody Formulation</h5><ul><li>Tu, 10.2.2026 17:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5807">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how high-throughput DLS/SLS and rapid-screening DSC accelerate stability assessment of high-concentration antibody formulations, enabling faster, data-driven biologics development.<h5>2. Phenomenex: Big Scale, Big Wins – Prep Chromatography Explained</h5><ul><li>We, 11.2.2026 10:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5793">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how to scale analytical methods to preparative HPLC, optimize loading capacity, and understand the limits of preparative columns for pharmaceutical applications.<h5>3. ALS Czech Republic: PFAS in Food &amp; Food Contact Material</h5><ul><li>We, 11.2.2026 15:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5816">Registration</a></li></ul>Get a practical overview of PFAS in food and food contact materials, including EU and US regulations, key analytical challenges, and reliable PFAS testing strategies.<h5>4. New Food Magazine: The Science of Next-Gen Ingredients – Fermentation, Formulation and Function</h5><ul><li>We, 11.2.2026 16:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5720">Registration</a></li></ul>Explore how fermentation-driven innovation is transforming functional food ingredients and how advanced analytics optimize flavour, functionality, and stability.<h5>5. SCIEX: Accurate Mass Fundamentals – Interpreting and Applying Your Data</h5><ul><li>We, 11.2.2026 19:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5772">Registration</a></li></ul>Session 3 focuses on interpreting and applying accurate mass data to confirm compound identity, move beyond basic quantitation, and troubleshoot results for confident reporting.<h5>6. Agilent Technologies: Process Analytical Techniques – Online HPLC for Real-Time Monitoring and Control of Bioprocesses</h5><ul><li>Th, 12.2.2026 06:30 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5834">Registration</a></li></ul>Discover how PAT HPLC enables near-real-time monitoring of critical quality attributes in bioprocessing, with a case study on charge-variant control by cation-exchange chromatography.<h5>7. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Introducing the Orbitrap Excedion Pro Hybrid MS</h5><ul><li>Th, 12.2.2026 11:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5889">Registration</a></li></ul>Discover the new Orbitrap Exploris Pro with expanded ETD/EThcD capabilities for confident biopharmaceutical characterization, including intact proteins, PTMs, ADCs, and large biomolecules.<h5>8. Waters Corporation: Planning Your NuGenesis Upgrade – Insights and Best Practices for a Smooth Transition</h5><ul><li>Th, 12.2.2026 19:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5833">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how to plan a successful NuGenesis upgrade, transition to Windows 11, and unlock new capabilities such as dashboards for real-time operational insights.<h5>9. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Comprehensive Analytical Strategies for Peptide Therapeutics and GLP-1 Agonists with Agilent</h5><ul><li>Th, 12.2.2026 19:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5814">Registration</a></li></ul>Explore analytical workflows for peptide therapeutics, including method development, peptide mapping, GLP-1 QC, and LC-MS strategies across Agilent platforms.<h5>10. Agilent Technologies: Moving from R&amp;D and Limited QC on a UV-Vis-NIR Instrument to Large-Scale QC Using an Autosampler</h5><ul><li>Th, 12.2.2026 20:00 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/2104">Registration</a></li></ul>This webinar covers practical aspects of adding and using an autosampler to maximize UV-Vis-NIR QC workflows at scale.<h5>11. Agilent Technologies: LC Method Transfer – Hidden Challenges &amp; Absolute Solution</h5><ul><li>Fr, 13.2.2026 06:30 CET</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5787">Registration</a></li></ul>Discover why LC method transfer between legacy and modern systems is challenging, which hidden parameters affect retention and peak shape, and how to achieve robust, reliable results.

Webinars LabRulezLCMS Week 07/2026

Charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) allows direct mass determination of individual ions and is increasingly used to study heterogeneous biological samples. This work demonstrates the use of Orbitrap-based CDMS/Direct Mass Technology (DMT) for quantitative analysis of transthyretin (TTR) tetramer samples below 100 kDa, extending CDMS beyond its traditional qualitative role.DMT resolved wild-type and C-terminally modified TTR homotetramers, as well as hybrid tetramers, enabling kinetic analysis of subunit exchange and stability. The approach also quantified thyroxine binding to TTR variants, revealing differences in binding affinity linked to C-terminal modification. By separating overlapping m/z signals through charge measurement, CDMS enables accurate mass and abundance determination, highlighting its potential for quantitative analysis of complex protein systems.<blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05771">Dissecting Heterogeneous Populations of Protein-Complex Samples Using Direct Mass Technology</a></h4>Robert L. Rider, Jared Hampton, Zhenyu Xi, Carter Lantz, Sangho D. Yun, Weijing Liu, Rosa Viner, Arthur Laganowsky, and David H. Russell*Anal. Chem. 2025, 97, 49, 27057–27063<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05771">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05771</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.Transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetrameric transport protein that circulates in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, delivering thyroxine (T4) and retinol-binding protein–vitamin A complexes. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> The stability of the TTR tetramer is central to its physiological role because dissociation into monomers can initiate misfolding and amyloid formation, leading to systemic or hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2)</a> Subunit exchange between wild-type (WT) and variant TTR proteoforms, including disease-associated mutations such as V30M and V122I, have been implicated in amyloid progression by generating hybrid tetramers (tetramers containing WT and mutant subunits) with altered stabilities. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(3,4)</a> Ligand binding, particularly at the two thyroxine-binding sites located at the dimer–dimer interface, can kinetically stabilize the tetramer and modulate amyloidogenicity. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(5,6)</a> Accurate measurement of both subunit exchange kinetics and ligand binding stoichiometry is therefore critical for elucidating the TTR dynamics and stability.Affinity or sequence tags are widely employed in protein expression, purification, or detection. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7,8)</a> While these tags are often assumed to be inert, their influence on protein structure and dynamics are rarely examined in detail. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(9,10)</a> Protein tags at the N- and C-terminus of TTR have been shown to have differing gas phase stabilities from those of WT-TTR. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(11)</a> The C-terminus is of particular interest because this region participates in the dimer–dimer interface that governs tetramer stability. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(11,12)</a> Characterizing how the C-terminal tag (CT) (-ASGENLFYQ) affects TTR’s solution stability and ligand binding is not only relevant for understanding TTR dynamics but also provides an example of how expression tags can alter protein dynamics. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a>Native mass spectrometry (nMS) has been invaluable for characterizing protein complexes, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a> yet conventional nMS often struggles with heterogeneous samples where overlapping charge state distributions and adduct heterogeneity limit resolution and quantitation. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(15)</a> Charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) addresses these limitations by independently measuring the charge and m/z of individual ions, enabling the direct determination of molecular mass and abundance. Development of CDMS has largely focused on achieving higher mass resolution <a href="javascript:void(0);">(16)</a> and extending measurements toward assemblies into the GDa range. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17,18)</a> However, there is untapped utility for CDMS experiments other than mass and proteoform determination. Jordan et al. showed the capability to assess conformational heterogeneity of mAb aggregates using the added charge dimension that CDMS provides. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(19)</a> The current work demonstrates that CDMS can separate proteoforms with overlapping m/z values based on charge and quantify their relative abundances in complex mixtures. While nMS is already a highly quantitative technique, our results establish CDMS as an equally powerful tool for quantitative analysis in heterogeneous systems. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(20,21)</a>Here, we apply Orbitrap-based CDMS/Direct Mass Technology (DMT) using the selective temporal overview of resonant ions (STORI) approach <a href="javascript:void(0);">(22,23)</a> to quantitatively compare WT-TTR and CT-TTR, focusing on two biologically relevant properties: tetramer stability assessed via subunit exchange kinetics and ligand-binding affinity. Conventional nMS cannot fully resolve the overlapping charge states of WT- and CT-TTR or their ligand-bound states. However, DMT can resolve these species by directly measuring the mass (m/z × charge), enabling quantitation of all proteoforms. The data reveal that the CT tag alters tetramer stability and thyroxine-binding affinity, demonstrating the structural sensitivity of TTR to modifications at its C-terminus. More broadly, this work demonstrates the impact that protein tags can have on native protein interactions and highlights the broader utility of quantitative CDMS for probing heterogeneous biological samples.<h4>Experimental Section</h4><h5>Data Collection</h5>All experiments were conducted on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/560">Thermo Scientific Q-Exactive UHMR</a> with added DMT capabilities (Bremen, Germany). Before DMT, mass spectra were collected at various resolving powers (6–200k) for each sample, with the instrument parameters reported in the Supporting Information (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05771/suppl_file/ac5c05771_si_001.pdf">Table S1</a>). For DMT experiments, the trapping gas pressure in the HCD cell was reduced to 0.3–0.8 to attenuate the signal intensity to a single ion level, as well as decreasing the UHV pressure to assist ion retention through the entire transient of Orbitrap analysis. We observed no significant difference between mass spectra collected at various HCD cell pressures (Supporting Information, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05771/suppl_file/ac5c05771_si_001.pdf">Figure S1</a>). For DMT collection, automated ion control (AIC) and 100% target density were used with 200k resolving power.<h4>Results and Discussion</h4>CDMS has emerged as a powerful tool for analyzing heterogeneous biomolecular samples, enabling accurate, direct mass determination by simultaneously measuring the charge and m/z for individual ions. While CDMS has been widely applied for qualitative analyses, its potential for quantitative and less than MDa applications remains underexplored. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05771#fig1">Figure 1</a>A shows the theoretical mass spectrum of WT-TTR (14+ to 16+) and CT-TTR (15+ to 17+) homotetramers, where the two proteoforms become increasingly resolved as the charge states increase (&lt;3900 m/z). <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05771#fig1">Figure 1</a>B zooms in on the 14+ (WT) and 15+ (CT) charge states, highlighting their strong overlap, which prevents accurate deconvolution of the proteoforms by conventional methods. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05771#fig1">Figure 1</a>C displays theoretical distributions for 0, 1, and 2 T4 bound states of both WT- and CT-TTR tetramers, where &lt;3900 m/z has observable separation between all proteoforms. However, for the 14+ and 15+ charge states of WT- and CT-TTR, respectively, the 0 T4- and 1 T4-bound populations overlap (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05771#fig1">Figure 1</a>D). Furthermore, commonly adducted species (Na+, K+, and Zn2+) observed in experimental spectra broaden these distributions, making it increasingly difficult to distinguish and deconvolute the proteoforms (see <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05771/suppl_file/ac5c05771_si_001.pdf">Figure S2</a>). Here, we employ Orbitrap-based CDMS/DMT to overcome this m/z overlap to resolve and quantify hybrid tetramer formation and T4 binding.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Anal_Chem_2025_97_49_27057_27063_Figure_1_A_Theoretical_mass_spectra_of_WT_TTR_and_CT_TTR_homotetramers_47232849d9.jpg" alt="Anal. Chem. 2025, 97, 49, 27057–27063: Figure 1. (A) Theoretical mass spectra of WT-TTR and CT-TTR homotetramers. (B) Zoomed-in view of the 14+ WT-TTR and 15+ CT-TTR distributions to show the large overlap of the proteoforms. (C) Theoretical mass spectra of WT-TTR and CT-TTR homotetramers with thyroxine (T4) binding. (D) Zoomed-in view of the 14+ WT-TTR and 15+ CT-TTR distributions where the 0 and 1 T4 have overlapping distributions. These theoretical distributions do not contain any commonly adducted species (Na+, K+, Zn2+), which broaden the distributions and create more overlap even for the proteoforms in the range 3300–3900 m/z (see Figure S2)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Anal_Chem_2025_97_49_27057_27063_Figure_1_A_Theoretical_mass_spectra_of_WT_TTR_and_CT_TTR_homotetramers_47232849d9.jpg 187w," sizes="100vw" width="1417" height="1182"><h5>Thyroxine Binding to TTR Homotetramers</h5>Thyroxine is the less active form of a thyroid hormone important for metabolism that binds to TTR for transport throughout plasma and cerebral spinal fluid. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(31)</a> Turnover of T4 into T3 (active) occurs after dissociation, where it can then modulate gene expression via binding to nuclear receptors. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(32)</a> The TTR tetramer gains substantial stability as it binds up to 2 T4 at the tetramer interface, decreasing tetramer dissociation and SUE. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(33)</a> This has been shown previously to decrease the amyloidogenic rate of TTR, which led to tafamidis (similar in structure to T4) to be designed and is currently the only drug that is approved for clinical treatment of TTR amyloidosis. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(34)</a> Measuring the difference in binding affinity between TTR proteoforms may provide insight into regions of TTR or TTR intermolecular/intramolecular interactions that are important for binding of small molecules such as tafamidis and T4.DMT was further applied to quantify T4 binding to WT- and CT-TTR homotetramers, highlighting the technique’s utility in probing protein–ligand interactions. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05771#fig3">Figure 3</a>A shows a representative mass spectrum of TTR homotetramers in the presence of T4. While ligand-bound species can be observed, homotetramers cannot be confidently resolved across the entire 3000–5000 m/z range. By leveraging the charge-resolving capabilities of DMT, we achieve separation of the homotetramers (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05771#fig3">Figure 3</a>B,C) and the 0, 1, and 2 ligand-bound states. The 2D plot clearly shows the gain in resolution achieved when charge is simultaneously measured with m/z by separating the 14+ and 15+ charge states for WT and CT, respectively, in the range 3900–4200 m/z. Additionally, using ion mobility does not provide the same kind of 2D resolution due to the similarity in arrival times for the homotetramer proteoforms, as evidenced by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.analchem.5c05771/suppl_file/ac5c05771_si_001.pdf">Figures S4 and S5</a> (see the Supporting Information). These data provide evidence that when ion mobility is able to separate out species that overlap in m/z yet differ in mobility, CDMS could be an alternative or used complementarily since the species likely also differ in charge.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Anal_Chem_2025_97_49_27057_27063_Figure_3_A_Mass_spectra_of_WT_TTR_and_CT_TTR_homotetramers_with_thyroxine_binding_61b1e98a94.jpg" alt="Anal. Chem. 2025, 97, 49, 27057–27063: Figure 3. (A) Mass spectra of WT-TTR and CT-TTR homotetramers with thyroxine binding. Ligand binding can be resolved, but homotetramers cannot be confidently identified. Charge states labeled are for WT; CT is always one charge state higher at the same m/z range. (B) DMT heatmap resolving WT-TTR and CT-TTR homotetramers with the additional measurement of charge. (C) Deconvoluted mass spectrum from DMT analysis. Both homotetramers and their ligand binding are resolved, and fit for analysis is shown in red. (D) Mole fraction of each homotetramer and their thyroxine binding species. Error bars represent the standard deviation of replicates (n = 3). The significance for each ligand state is in respect to the left adjacent state. *p &lt; 0.05." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Anal_Chem_2025_97_49_27057_27063_Figure_3_A_Mass_spectra_of_WT_TTR_and_CT_TTR_homotetramers_with_thyroxine_binding_61b1e98a94.jpg 181w," sizes="100vw" width="1266" height="1094"><h4>Conclusion</h4>This work demonstrates that quantitatively, Orbitrap-based CDMS/DMT can determine differences in protein-complex stability and ligand binding. By directly comparing WT- with CT-TTR, we show that the CT tag accelerates tetramer dissociation while enhancing T4 binding affinity. These results indicate that the C-terminus, located at the dimer–dimer interface, plays a more significant role in TTR stability and ligand recognition than previously appreciated. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(12)</a> Even the addition of a short peptide sequence perturbs noncovalent interactions at the interface, likely altering solvent accessibility, and the dynamics of the thyroxine binding channel. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(37,54)</a> Such findings underscore the importance of evaluating how seemingly minor sequence modifications, such as affinity tags, can influence fundamental biophysical properties.Beyond TTR, this work positions quantitative CDMS as a broadly applicable strategy for analyzing heterogeneous protein systems, where charge domain separation overcomes the resolution limits of m/z domain measurements in traditional nMS experiments. While much of the field has emphasized extending CDMS to ultrahigh masses and maximal resolution, <a href="javascript:void(0);">(16,18)</a> our results highlight the underexplored potential of applying the method in the 1000–10,000 m/z range common to nMS experiments. This capability is directly relevant to heterogeneous membrane protein complexes, which often display broad distributions of oligomeric states, PTMs, lipid, and ligand adducts that complicate spectra. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(48,55)</a> Similarly, mAbs can oligomerize and exhibit mass heterogeneity from variable glycosylation, affecting pharmacokinetics, effector function, and stability. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(19)</a> CDMS may resolve and quantify such proteoforms in a single experiment without the need for charge reduction or chemical derivatization. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(48,56,57)</a>

Dissecting Heterogeneous Populations of Protein-Complex Samples Using Direct Mass Technology

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Watrex Streamline™ MIM Manual Injector Module, PEEK

Streamline instrument module for manual sampling with both full and partially filled loop method. The MIM includes a PEEK six-port two position valve with a 20 µl loop and syringe port, housed in a standard Streamline cabinet.

Streamline instrument module for manual sampling with both full and partially filled loop method. The MIM includes a PEEK six-port two position valve with a 20 µl loop and syringe port, housed in a standard Streamline cabinet.<blockquote>Price: 1 510<bdi>&nbsp;€ ex VAT</bdi></blockquote>The valve is equipped with a position sensor to automatically synchronize injection with the start of data collection and with the feature. The valve architecture allows uninterrupted flow as the valve switches from LOAD to INJECT. The mobile phase continuously flows through both the rotor seal groove and the special passage until rotation stops.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Streamline_MIM_Manual_Injector_Module_df092ebbaf.jpg" alt="Watrex: Streamline™ MIM Manual Injector Module. PEEK" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Streamline_MIM_Manual_Injector_Module_df092ebbaf.jpg 208w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="768">You can also visit this product on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/sampling-devices/manual-injectors/streamline-mim-manual-injector-module-peek/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

Watrex Streamline™ HPLC AS1 Autosampler 

The AS1 autosampler with a sample capacity of 60 standard (12 x 32 mm) vials or 96 with a microtiter plate, is the smallest of the two autosamplers of the Streamline HPLC range.

The AS1 autosampler with a sample capacity of 60 standard (12 x 32 mm) vials or 96 with a microtiter plate, is the smallest of the two autosamplers of the Streamline HPLC range.<blockquote>Price: 7 100<bdi>&nbsp;€ ex VAT</bdi></blockquote>The small footprint of only 310 x 210 x 478 mm (HxWxD) in combination with excellent specifications and almost maintenance free mechanics makes this autosampler an ideal partner for automating not only Streamline HPLC systems but virtually any HPLC system that needs to be upgraded with an autosampler.&nbsp;A speciality of the AS1 autosampler is the double needle injection technique by which the outer needle or “air needle” pierces the vial septum before the sample needle enters the vial. This is a unique approach avoiding blocked injection needles and/or blocked injection valves. This allows the use of any type of vial septums and by which it adds to improved reliability of the chromatography system as a whole.You can also visit this product on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/sampling-devices/autosamplers/streamline-as1-autosampler/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

Watrex Streamline™ HPLC AS2 Autosampler 

The AS2 autosampler with a sample capacity of 120 standard (12 x 32 mm) vials or 192 samples with microtiter plates. The excellent specifications and almost maintenance free mechanics makes this autosampler an ideal partner.

The AS2 autosampler with a sample capacity of 120 standard (12 x 32 mm) vials or 192 samples with microtiter plates. The excellent specifications and almost maintenance free mechanics makes this autosampler an ideal partner for automating not only Streamline HPLC systems but virtually any HPLC system that needs to be upgraded with an autosampler.<blockquote>Price: 7 097<bdi>&nbsp;€ ex VAT</bdi></blockquote>A speciality of the Streamline autosampler is the double needle injection technique by which the outer needle or “air needle” pierces the vial septum before the sample needle enters the vial. This is a unique approach avoiding blocked injection needles and/or blocked injection valves. This allows the use of any type of vial septums and by which it adds to improved reliability of the chromatography system as a whole.You can also visit this product on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/sampling-devices/autosamplers/streamline-as2-autosampler/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

Watrex Streamline™ Binary High Pressure Gradient system, Stainless Steel

Binary high pressure gradient Streamline system in stainless steel version, consisting of two P1m+P1s pumps with programmable mixing of two mobile phase components at high pressure with 0.1% accuracy.

Binary high pressure gradient Streamline system in stainless steel version, consisting of two P1m+P1s pumps with programmable mixing of two mobile phase components at high pressure with 0.1% accuracy.<blockquote>Price 9 333 € ex VAT</blockquote>An integrated two-channel degasser is a recommended part locvated on the top in the solvent cabinet. In the analytical version, the flow rate range from 0.001 ml/min to 10 ml/min is adjustable to 0.001 ml/min accuracy with a maximum working pressure of 42 MPa (6,000 psi). Flow rate adjustment accuracy is ±1% and flow rate variation is better than ±0.1%. A unique feature is an active piston and seal rinse that prevents crystallization of buffers.A touch screen display on the front panel allows intuitive control of the pump. The display shows the flow rate. A PRIME function is also directly available for flushing at increased flow rates. A cabinet is included for placing bottles with mobile phases. Control and programming of the gradient is done from the Clarity data station.<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:800/600;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Streamline_P1q_HPLC_Pump_PEEK_c4ca5fdaa4.jpg" alt="Watrex: Streamline™ Binary High Pressure Gradient system, Stainless Steel" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Streamline_P1q_HPLC_Pump_PEEK_c4ca5fdaa4.jpg 208w," sizes="100vw" width="800" height="600"></figure><h3>PUMP FEATURES</h3><ul><li>Each pump has a single stepper motor driven, dual head positive displacement pump (pump heads 180° out of phase)</li><li>316 Stainless Steel pump heads and fluid path</li><li>Incorporates a diaphragm-type pulse damper, which reduces pulsation in the system by as much as 90% and includes an isolated pressure transducer (i.e., the transducer adds no dead volume).</li><li>Ruby/Sapphire Check Valves (1/16” ball)</li><li>Front panel flow adjustment in 0.001 mL/min increments</li><li>Upper and Lower Pressure Limits: Automatically turns the pump OFF if the system pressure exceeds the maximum pressure limit, or drops below minimum pressure limit</li><li>Microprocessor advanced control with advanced pre-compression algorithm and user calibration feature</li><li>Back panel USB communications port for complete control and status monitoring; Clarity Driver available</li><li>Automatic piston wash (self-flush)</li></ul><h3>TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION</h3><ul><li>Flow Rates: 0.001 ml/min – 10 ml/min with step 0.001 ml/min</li><li>Pressure: 42 MPa/6000 psi</li><li>Pulsation: ± 1% @ from 7 MPa to 42 MPa</li><li>Pressure Accuracy: ± 2% of full-scale, with IPA</li><li>Flow Accuracy:&nbsp;better than ± 1% @ 10mL/min</li><li>Flow Precision: better then 0.1% RSD or 0.2 min SD, whichever is greater, across the full flow range, 20 MPa, with degassed methanol</li><li>Remote control: USB</li><li>I/O connector:&nbsp;Start, Stop, Status, Error</li></ul>You can also visit this product on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/pumps/gradient-pumps/streamline-binary-high-pressure-gradient-system-stainless-steel/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

Watrex Streamline™ Binary High Pressure Gradient system, PEEK

Binary high pressure gradient Streamline system in PEEK version, consisting of two P1m+P1s pumps with programmable mixing of two mobile phase components at high pressure with 0.1% accuracy.

Binary high pressure gradient Streamline system in PEEK version, consisting of two P1m+P1s pumps with programmable mixing of two mobile phase components at high pressure with 0.1% accuracy (between 10% and 90% mixing ratios).<blockquote>Price 9 333 € ex VAT</blockquote>An integrated two-channel degasser is a recommended part locvated on the top in the solvent cabinet. In the analytical version, the flow rate range from 0.001 ml/min to 10 ml/min is adjustable to 0.001 ml/min accuracy with a maximum working pressure of 35 MPa (5,000 psi). Flow rate adjustment accuracy is ±1% and flow rate variation is better than ±0.1%. A unique feature is an active piston and seal rinse that prevents crystallization of buffers.A touch screen display on the front panel allows intuitive control of the pump. The display shows the flow rate. A PRIME function is also directly available for flushing at increased flow rates. A cabinet is included for placing bottles with mobile phases. Control and programming of the gradient is done from the Clarity data station.<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:800/600;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Streamline_P1q_HPLC_Pump_PEEK_c4ca5fdaa4.jpg" alt="Watrex: Streamline™ Binary High Pressure Gradient system, PEEK" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Streamline_P1q_HPLC_Pump_PEEK_c4ca5fdaa4.jpg 208w," sizes="100vw" width="800" height="600"></figure><h3>PUMP FEATURES</h3><ul><li>Each pump has a single stepper motor driven, dual head positive displacement pump (pump heads 180° out of phase)</li><li>PEEK pump heads and fluid path</li><li>Incorporates a diaphragm-type pulse damper, which reduces pulsation in the system by as much as 90% and includes an isolated pressure transducer (i.e., the transducer adds no dead volume).</li><li>Ruby/Sapphire Check Valves (1/16” ball)</li><li>Front panel flow adjustment in 0.001 mL/min increments</li><li>Upper and Lower Pressure Limits: Automatically turns the pump OFF if the system pressure exceeds the maximum pressure limit, or drops below minimum pressure limit</li><li>Microprocessor advanced control with advanced pre-compression algorithm and user calibration feature</li><li>Back panel USB communications port for complete control and status monitoring; Clarity Driver available</li><li>Automatic piston wash (self-flush)</li></ul><h3>TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION</h3><ul><li>Flow Rates: 0.001 ml/min – 10 ml/min with step 0.001 ml/min</li><li>Pressure: 35 MPa/5000 psi</li><li>Pulsation: ± 1% @ from 7 MPa to 42 MPa</li><li>Pressure Accuracy: ± 2% of full-scale, with IPA</li><li>Flow Accuracy:&nbsp;better than ± 1% @ 10mL/min</li><li>Flow Precision: better then 0.1% RSD or 0.2 min SD, whichever is greater, across the full flow range, 20 MPa, with degassed methanol</li><li>Remote control: USB</li><li>I/O connector:&nbsp;Start, Stop, Status, Error</li></ul>You can also visit this product on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/pumps/gradient-pumps/streamline-binary-high-pressure-gradient-system-peek/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

Watrex Deltasil 100 C18 Preparative HPLC columns

Need a high quality column at an affordable price? Deltasil™ columns are filled with standard reversed phase for a wide range of applications.

<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?s=watrex+deltasil+100+C18&amp;post_type=product&amp;dgwt_wcas=1?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex DeltaSil™ 100 C18</a> column is a standard reversed phase for wide field of applications in analysis of drugs, organic compounds, peptides and others.Stationary phase is based on synthetic 5 μm silica-gel with 100 Å pores and 15% carbon content. The column has a good peak symmetry and efficiency.Theoretical plate count value for non-polar compounds, such as naphthalene, reaches up to 90.000 theoretical plates per meter.A wide range of column sizes is available, with additional dimensions available on request.We are committed to the sustainability of our columns and therefore also offer backfill.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Watrex_Deltasil_HPLC_column_Mobile_phase_85_ACN_Flowrate_0_65_mlmin_Pressure_54_bar_Detection_254_nm_Injection_2_ml_de7068538f.jpg" alt="Watrex: Watrex Deltasil HPLC column (Mobile phase 85% ACN; Flowrate 0.65 mlmin; Pressure 54 bar; Detection 254 nm; Injection 2 μl)"><h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>WI02241 Watrex Deltasil™ 100 C18, 10 μm, 250x20 mm column</li><li>WI02242 Watrex Deltasil™ 100 C18, 10 μm, 300x20 mm column</li><li>WI02243 Watrex Deltasil™ 100 C18, 5 μm, 250x20 mm column &nbsp;(Price 1 294 € ex VAT)</li><li>WI02244 Watrex Deltasil™ 100 C18, 5 μm, 300x20 mm column</li><li>WI02245 Watrex Deltasil™ 100 C18, 5 μm, 250x30 mm column</li><li>WI02246 Watrex Deltasil™ 100 C18, 10 μm, 250x30 mm column</li><li>WI02247 Watrex Deltasil™ 300 C18, 5 μm, 250x20 mm column</li><li>WI02248 Watrex Deltasil™ 300 C18, 10 μm, 250x20 mm column</li><li>WI02249 Watrex Deltasil™ 300 C18, 10 μm, 250x30 mm column</li><li>WI02153 Guard column insert 10x4.0 mm, Deltasil C18, 5 um, 10 pcs</li></ul>

Watrex BioWorks WorkBeads resins and GoBio Mini columns

Watrex Praha is the official distributor of Bio-Works, a leading global manufacturer of chromatographic resins designed for the purification of biopharmaceuticals.

<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex Praha</a> is the official distributor of Bio-Works, a leading global manufacturer of chromatographic resins designed for the purification of biopharmaceuticals. This partnership brings high-quality products to the Czech market, widely used in biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry.The main product of Bio-Works is <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">WorkBeads </a>resins, manufactured using a patented agarosebased method. These resins are characterized by excellent mechanical stability, uniform bead size distribution, and high separation efficiency. They are available both as loose resins and in prepacked columns, making them easy to use in various applications.For efficient small-scale purification and process development screening, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">GoBio Mini</a> columns are the ideal solution. These prepacked columns are available in 1 ml and 5 ml sizes, facilitating quick and effective biomolecule separations.Bio-Works products are used in bioprocess solutions focused on the purification and analysis of biomolecules, including monoclonal antibodies, proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, viruses, and vaccines. These technologies offer top-tier quality and precision, ensuring optimal capacity and product purity.<h3>Types of sorbents:</h3><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/affinity-chromatography/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Affinity chromatography resins</a></h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/affinity-chromatography/affinity-sorbents/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">WorkBeads™ affimAb</a> is an optimized alkali-stable protein A resin designed for purification of monoclonal- and polyclonal antibodies in laboratory to process scale. This resin has a superior base matrix combined with a patented, alkali-stable protein A ligand, which results in high dynamic binding capacity at short residence times. This resin binds over 40 mg IgG/mL resin also at as short residence time as 2.5 min. Available also in prepacked 1 mL and 5 mL <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/affinity-chromatography/affinity-columns/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">GoBio™ Mini </a>columns.<h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/ion-exchange-chromatography/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Ion exchange chromatography (IEX) resins</a></h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/ion-exchange-chromatography/iex-sorbents/">WorkBeads™ resins for ion exchange chromatography</a> are designed for research and industrial scale purification of proteins, peptides and oligonucleotides by utilizing the difference in their surface charge. These resins demonstrate high-resolution separation while giving low backpressure to facilitate both capture and polishing purification applications in standard bioprocess columns.<ul><li>WorkBeads 100S is a strong cation exchanger and will bind positively charged substances.</li><li>WorkBeads 100Q is a strong anion exchanger and will bind negatively charged substances.</li><li>WorkBeads 40S is a strong cation exchanger with sulfonate ligands and will bind positively charged substances.&nbsp;</li><li>WorkBeads 40Q is a strong anion exchanger with quaternary amine and will bind negatively charged substances.&nbsp;</li><li>WorkBeads 40 DEAE is a weak anion exchanger with tertiary amine ligands (diethylaminoethyl) and is an alternative to WorkBeads 40Q when looking for alternative selectivities.</li></ul>Also available in pre-filled <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/ion-exchange-chromatography/iex-columns/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">GoBio™ Mini.</a><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/gel-filtration-sec/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) resins</a></h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/gel-filtration-sec/sec-sorbents/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">WorkBeads™ 40/100 SEC, WorkBeads 40/1000 SEC, WorkBeads 40/10 000 SEC, and</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/gel-filtration-sec/sec-sorbents/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">WorkBeads Macro SEC resins</a> are used for preparative size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in laboratory and process scale purification of proteins, viruses, and other biomolecules by utilizing the differences in their size. These resins are based on agarose, which is a biopolymer suitable for separation of biomolecules. WorkBeads resins are cross-linked using a proprietary method that results in a very rigid structure. Although the general recommendation for SEC is to use a low flow rate for best purification, the rigidity and tight particle size distribution allow for the purification of viruses and other large substances at a high flow rate for fast processing and high yields.Produced using a proprietary cross-linking method that results in highly porous and physically stable matrices.We have recently added two new Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) products that expand the range for more choice and flexibility in separating large particles. WorkBeads 200 SEC, with 180 μm beads, is suitable for viscous samples like serum and whole blood. WorkBeads Macro SEC resins extend the range of several resins with a bead size of 45 μm but different porosities, making it easy to change between them when different fractionation ranges are desired.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/gel-filtration-sec/sec-sorbents/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">WorkBeads Dsalt resin</a> is designed to enable quick and easy separations of high- and lowmolecular-weight substances. This resin is pre-swollen and enables efficient desalting and buffer exchange of proteins, large peptides, and nucleic acids.Also available in pre-filled <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/gel-filtration-sec/sec-columns/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">GoBio™ Mini</a>.<h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/hic-chromatography/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) resins</a></h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/hic-chromatography/hic-sorbents/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">WorkBeads™ 40 Butyl SH</a> is a resin for hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) designed for research and industrial scale purification of proteins, peptides, plasmids, and oligonucleotides by utilizing the difference in their surface hydrophobicity. It’s often used to complement other techniques that separate according to either charge or size.The functional ligand of WorkBeads 40 Butyl SH is n-butyl thioether. Since butyl is a very hydrophobic linear chain, minimal mixed-mode interactions are expected. The resin is optimized to offer reliable binding performance. The property of high-resolution separation, in combination with low backpressure, allows both capture and polishing purification applications in standard bioprocess columns. The resin is also available in several different ready-to-use prepacked column sizes, such as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/hic-chromatography/hic-columns/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">GoBio™ Mini</a> 1 mL and 5 mL, GoBio Screen 7 x 100 (3.8 mL), GoBio Prep 16 x 100 (20 mL) and 26 x 100 (53 mL) as well as GoBio Prod columns starting at 1 L. 5.&nbsp;<h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/imac-chromatography/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Immobilized metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) resins&nbsp;</a></h4>There are three different chelating ligands that <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/imac-chromatography/imac-sorbents/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">WorkBeads IMAC resins</a> are based on. First are WorkBeads IDA (iminodiacetic acid) and WorkBeads NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid), which can be charged or are pre-charged with four different metals (Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+). Different combinations of ligands and metals give unique selectivities. Pre-charged IDA and NTA-based IMAC resins can be stripped, cleaned, and recharged with fresh metal ions.&nbsp;The third resin is WorkBeads NiMAC, a nickel pre-charged resin with very low nickel leakage and tolerant against chelating agents (EDTA) and reducing substances (DTT). This resin is optimal for the purification of, e.g. eukarytic cell feeds, which often containing these substances.For optimization, an initial screening is recommended with the different WorkBeads IMAC resins to identify the optimal combination of ligand and metal ion.Also available in pre-filled <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/imac-chromatography/imac-columns/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">GoBio™ Mini.</a><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/activated-resins/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Activated resins</a></h4>Pre-activated resin enables successful, convenient immobilization of ligands without the need for complex syntheses or special equipment. We have developed two different pre-activated resins where the bromohydrin active group reacts with thiol, amino and hydroxyl groups of the substance to be coupled. Two different resin porosities are available to facilitate optimized coupling of ligands of different sizes, or to optimize the prepared affinity resin for target molecules of different sizes.Resin for coupling your own ligands:<ul><li>Made from agarose, well established and well-known in the Biotechnology industry</li><li>Simple coupling procedures at ambient temperature</li><li>Stable at ambient temperature in aqueous solution and at neutral pH</li><li>Suitable for coupling of ligands containing sulphydryl, amino- or hydroxy group</li></ul>Available as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/activated-resins/activated-sorbents/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">WorkBeadsTM sorbents</a> or in pre-filled <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/kategorie-produktu/bioprocessing-products/activated-resins/activated-columns/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">GoBio™ Mini</a>.For more information or a non-binding quote regarding BioWorks products, please contact us at watrex@watrex.com or visit our website <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">www.watrex.com</a>

Watrex Streamline binary gradient HPLC system

Watrex Streamline™ binary gradient HPLC system consists of two P1 pumps, static mixer, CT1 column thermostat, PDA1 diode-array detector, AS1 auto-sampler, and Clarity PDA datastation.

Streamline™ binary gradient HPLC system consists of two <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?s=streamline+p1+pump&amp;post_type=product&amp;dgwt_wcas=1?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">P1 pumps</a>, static mixer, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/column-thermostats/streamline-ct1-columm-thermostat/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">CT1 column thermostat</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?s=pda1&amp;post_type=product&amp;dgwt_wcas=1?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">PDA1 diode-array detector</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/sampling-devices/autosamplers/streamline-as1-autosampler/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">AS1 auto-sampler</a>, and Clarity PDA datastation.<h3>FEATURES</h3><ul><li>Optimized pump mechanics with parallel piston design offers excellent flow rate accuracy and gradient composition at all solvents ratios</li><li>Variable volume injection range 0.1 - 999.9 μl, high precision and reproducibility, and low carryover AS1 autosapler</li><li>Excellent signal-to-noise ratio of the PDA2 detector</li><li>Data acquisition, processing and instrument control is by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity Chromatography Station*</a></li></ul><h3>COMPONENT SPECIFICATION</h3><ul><li>Gradient solvent delivery system consisting of two P1 HPLC pumps</li></ul><h5>COMPONENT P1 HPLC pumps</h5><ul><li>Flow Rates: 0,01 ml/min – 9,99 ml/min with step 0.01 ml/min (analytical)</li><li>Flow Rates: 0,10 ml/min – 40,0 ml/min (preparative)</li><li>Pressure: 42 MPa/6000 psi (analytical, stainless steel)</li><li>Pressure: 35 Mpa/5000 psi (analytical, PEEK)</li><li>Pressure: 10 Mpa/1500 psi (preparative)</li><li>Flow precision: ± 0,2% RSD @ 1mL/min. and 1,000 psi (analytical)</li><li>Flow accuracy: ± 1% @ 1mL/min. and 1,000 psi (analytical)</li><li>Pressure accuracy: ± 2% of full-scale, with 80:20 H2O/IPA @ 1000psi</li><li>Pulsation: better than ± 0.5% @ 1mL/min. and 1,000 psi (analytical)</li><li>Remote control: USB</li><li>Remote control: Start, Stop, Status, Error</li></ul><h5>COMPONENT - PDA1 detector</h5><ul><li>Wetted Materials: Stainless Steel/ PEEK*, teflon, Glass (*depending on configuration)</li><li>Light Source: Deuterium Lamp, Tungsten Lamp</li><li>Wavelength Range: 190 – 720 nm</li><li>Number of Diodes: 256</li><li>Baseline Noise: ± 1 x 10-5 AU (@240 nm, 2 sec. risetime)</li><li>Baseline Drift: less than 3 x 10-4 AU/h</li><li>Wavelength Accuracy: 0.5 nm</li><li>Mean Pixel Pitch: 2.2 nm</li><li>Resolution: 7 nm</li><li>Linearity: higher than 2.0 AU</li><li>Data Rate: 1 Hz – 100 Hz</li></ul><h5>COMPONENT - CT1 Column thermostat</h5><ul><li>Temperature range: 10 °C above ambient temperature to 100 °C</li><li>Temperature accuracy: max. 0,5 % of actual temperature</li><li>Temperature stability: RSD &lt; 0,4 %</li><li>Settability: 0,1 °C</li><li>Internal dimensions: 320 x 50 x 30 mm (L x W x H)</li><li>Compartment material: PTFE coated metal</li><li>Compartment connection: USB</li><li>Control: build-in color touch panel, datasystem</li></ul><h5>COMPONENT - AS1 autosampler: X-Y-Z-Operation; motor driven syringe, Capacity: 60 vials, Sample Loop: standard, 20μl, Reproducibility: Fix Volume: &lt; 0.5%, Variable Volume: &lt;1.0%, Carry-over: &lt;0.01% , Programmable wash.</h5><h5>COMPONENT - Clarity™ Chromatography Station: PDA data acquisition and evaluation, gradient, and autosampler control with pre-set methods for experimental settings. PC Win 10 Professional with LCD monitor .</h5><h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>SSG101-001 Streamline™ binary HPLC system (Includes P1m+P1s pumps, PDA1 detector, CT1 thermostat, AS1 autosampler, solvent rack, Clarity PC station)</li></ul><h5>Optional configurations:</h5><ul><li>SPDA99-201 Remove PDA1 diode-array detector from system</li><li>ST99-001 Remove CT1 column thermostat from system</li><li>SAS99-001 Remove AS1 autosampler from system</li><li>SUV90-001 Add UV1 Variable UV/Vis detector to system</li><li>SFC90-001 Add FC1 Fraction collector to system</li><li>SCT90-002 Add CT1i column thermostat with manual injector from system</li></ul>

Watrex LSS-205 Liquid Sensing System

Liquid Sensing System LSS-205 is a universal sensing system for monitoring the level of your chromatographic system liquids.

Universal sensing system for monitoring the level of your chromatographic system liquids. The daily task in the chromatographic laboratory is the manipulation of mobil phases. The operator must check the supply of solvents at the inlet of the device and regular monitor the condition of the waste solvent container. The LSS-205 greatly simplifies these tasks.<blockquote>Price: 578<bdi>&nbsp;€ ex VAT</bdi></blockquote>LSS-205 is a universal accessory for any (chromatographic) system. The level sensors used in the LSS-205 system are contactless, do not require immersion in liquid, and are installed on the outer shell of a non-metallic solvent container. The method of mounting the sensor allows placement on a container of virtually any shape and size.The LSS-205 central unit is ready to process the signal from up to five liquid sensors, which can be individually set to trigger an alarm in the event of a missing or present liquid. The error status of the individual sensors is indicated optically directly on the central unit and the alarm can be accompanied by an acoustic signal. An external loud siren suitable for a noisy environment is available as an option to the central unit.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_LSS_205_Liquid_Sensing_System_33_0fd5d29a02/Watrex-LSS-205-Liquid-Sensing-System-33.jpg" alt="Watrex LSS-205 Liquid Sensing System"><h3>FEATURES</h3><ul><li>Simple operation</li><li>Flexible in application</li><li>Multiple connection option</li><li>Starter kit contents: central unit, one sensor, light bar, power supply</li><li>Color touch panel control</li></ul><h3>TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION</h3><ul><li>Power supply: 5V DC (wall mount power supply or USB port of PC)</li><li>Number of liquid sensors: 1 – 5</li><li>Alarm condition: individually adjustable for each sensor (off, missing liquid, liquid present)</li><li>Internal alarm indication: high intensity LED for each sensor</li><li>Internal acoustic alarm: 80dB, common for all sensors</li><li>External optical signaling: connector on the central unit</li><li>External acoustic alarm: optional 105 dB external horn</li><li>Alarm signal for external devices: logic (open collector), relay switching contact</li><li>Computer connection: micro USB connector, simple text communication protocol</li><li>Firmware update: possible in field</li><li>Dimension: 130x80x30 mm</li><li>Weight: 250 g</li><li>Sensor dimensions: 50x30x15 mm</li><li>Sensor connection cable: 2 m length</li><li>Sensor mounting: plastic holder with flexible silicon tube (length 700 mm, other lengths on request)</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_LSS_205_Liquid_Sensing_System_6_7b35aadbb7/Watrex-LSS-205-Liquid-Sensing-System-6.jpg" alt="Watrex LSS-205 Liquid Sensing System - level sensor"><h3>Ordering information:</h3><h5>PN/Component:</h5><ul><li>40-0728 Starter Kit (incl. 1 sensor + light)</li><li>40-0738 LSS-205 Additional Sensor</li><li>40-0841 LSS-205 Additional 2 Sensors</li><li>40-0842 LSS-205 Additional 3 Sensors</li><li>40-0843 LSS-205 Additional 4 Sensors</li><li>40-0838 LSS-205 External Alarm Horn</li></ul>You can also visit this product on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/dedicated-instruments/lss-205-starter-kit/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

Watrex P102 HPLC pump, Stainless Steel

Watrex P102 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pump is designed to be a reliable component within a basic analytical or sophisticated research instruments.

Watrex P102 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pump is designed to be a reliable component within a basic analytical or sophisticated research instruments.<blockquote>Price: 4 556<bdi>&nbsp;€ ex VAT</bdi></blockquote>While ideal for HPLC applications, the Model P102 pump is also useful as a metering pump for general laboratory or industrial use. The pump features dual self flushing pump heads with overlapping cams for reduced pulsation.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Delta_Chrom_P102_pump_red_a35f480572.jpg" alt="Watrex: P102 HPLC pump, Stainless Steel" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Delta_Chrom_P102_pump_red_a35f480572.jpg 208w," sizes="100vw" width="1020" height="765"><h3>KEY FEATURES</h3>Double Piston Design: The double piston design ensures exceptional accuracy and precision in the delivery of solvents, making it ideal for applications that demand the utmost reliability.Wide range of operating conditions: With a wide range of flow rates, from the minutest quantities to larger volumes, our HPLC pump adapts to your diverse experimental needs without compromising precision. Handle high-pressure applications with confidence. Our pump delivers a maximum pressure of&nbsp;35 MPa, ensuring efficiency and reliability in even the most challenging chromatographic separations.Stainless Steel or PEEK Versions: Choose the material that suits your needs. Opt for the durability of stainless steel or the biocompatible advantages of PEEK. Both versions maintain high chemical resistance, making them suitable for a diverse range of chromatographic solvents.Efficient Pulse Dampener: Our integrated pulse dampener minimizes pressure fluctuations, ensuring a smooth and controlled flow. Experience enhanced separation quality and purity, thanks to the efficient dampening of pulsations.Versatile Applications: Whether you’re conducting routine analytical experiments or pushing the boundaries of chromatographic research, our pump caters to a wide array of applications, ensuring versatility in your lab.Demanding Dosing Applications: Excel in applications that demand precise and stable dosing. Achieve a stable jet stream for your research experiments, ensuring accuracy and reliability in every sampling.High-Quality Construction: Crafted with durability in mind, our pump is built to withstand the rigors of daily laboratory use. The robust construction ensures longevity and reliability.Chemical Compatibility: The pump is designed to handle a variety of solvents with ease, providing excellent chemical compatibility. This feature is crucial for researchers working with diverse samples and experimental conditions.Intuitive Controls: The user-friendly interface simplifies pump operation, allowing for easy programming and monitoring. Spend less time on instrument setup and more time focusing on your research.Applications: Whether you’re in pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, environmental analysis, or academic research, our HPLC pump is the go-to solution for achieving unparalleled precision in liquid chromatography.Conclusion: Elevate your chromatography experiments with our HPLC pump—where precision meets reliability. Experience the future of liquid chromatography and unlock new possibilities in your laboratory. Contact us today to discover how our HPLC pump can transform your research endeavors.<h3>TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION</h3><ul><li>Flow Rates: 0,01 ml/min – 9,99 ml/min with step 0.01 ml/min (analytical)</li><li>Pressure: 42 Mpa/6000 psi (analytical, PEEK)</li><li>Flow precision: ± 0,2% RSD @ 1mL/min. and 7 MPa psi&nbsp;</li><li>Flow accuracy: ± 1% @ 1mL/min. and 7 MPa psi (analytical)</li><li>Pressure accuracy: ± 2% of full-scale, with 80:20 H2O/IPA @ 7 MPa</li><li>Pulsation: better than ± 0.5% @ 1mL/min. and 7 MPa&nbsp;</li><li>Remote control: USB</li><li>Remote control: Start, Stop, Status, Error</li></ul>You can also visit this product on the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/chromatography/pumps/isocratic-pumps/p102-hplc-pump-dual-head-stainless-steel/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex website</a>.

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