Scientists at IOCB Prague are uncovering new details of gene transcription. They have identified a previously unknown molecular mechanism by which the transcription of genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into ribonucleic acid (RNA) can be initiated. The researchers focused on a specific class of molecules known as alarmones, which are found in cells across a wide range of organisms and whose levels often increase under conditions of cellular stress. The results were published in the prestigious scientific journal Nature Chemical Biology.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_bc2bfffa6c.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague/Tomáš Belloň: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: Dr. Hana Cahová, head of the Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids research group." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_bc2bfffa6c.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1335"><div>Molecules of ribonucleic acid can carry a variety of chemical modifications at one end, known as caps. In eukaryotic organisms, including human cells, the best-known cap plays an important role in RNA stability and in regulating its subsequent fate. In recent years, however, it has become clear that alternative, non-canonical RNA caps also exist, although their formation and the mechanisms by which they are attached to RNA remain only partially understood. These include alarmone caps, formed by dinucleoside polyphosphate molecules, that protect cellular RNA at moments when the cell is under threat.In their study, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://cahova.group.uochb.cz/en">Dr. Hana Cahová</a> and colleagues examined bacterial RNA polymerase and investigated how this enzyme can initiate transcription using dinucleoside polyphosphates (NpNs) instead of the standard RNA building blocks. For the first time, the scientists described, at the atomic level, how RNA bearing an alarmone cap can be generated directly at the initiation of gene transcription. They also observed that NpNs bind through a different type of base pairing than is typically observed.The work was significantly shaped by Valentina Serianni from Hana Cahová’s team, who demonstrated the ability of dinucleoside polyphosphates to initiate gene transcription, and by Jana Škerlová, who focused on the structural analysis of RNA polymerase. Using cryogenic electron microscopy data, she showed how dinucleoside polyphosphate molecules bind within the active site of RNA polymerase – that is, the core of the enzyme where genetic information is transcribed. Together, their findings help to elucidate the processes that accompany the transcription of genetic information from DNA to RNA.Hana Cahová adds: “We’re describing something that truly occurs in cells and that we’re now able to observe directly at the level of individual molecules. This allows us to answer fundamental questions about cellular processes, such as how cells adapt to stress. RNA plays a central role in this, as it carries the cascade of information underlying any cellular response – for example, to threatening conditions caused by nutrient deprivation or temperature shock.”<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_2_0fe88ff9e9.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague/Tomáš Belloň: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: Dr. Tomáš Kouba, head of the Cryogenic Electron Microscopy core facility." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_2_0fe88ff9e9.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1335"><div>Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) was central to the project. This part of the work was led by Dr. Tomáš Kouba, one of the authors of the study. “Cryogenic electron microscopy allows us to freeze biological molecules in a state very close to their natural form and then determine their three-dimensional structure. This makes it possible to look directly into the active centers of enzymes and observe their function down to the atomic level,” he explains.Last year, IOCB Prague opened a new <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://cryoem.group.uochb.cz/en">cryo-EM center</a> that is unique within the Czech research environment. State-of-the-art cryogenic electron microscopes are housed in a specially designed building and enable the study of biological processes with exceptional structural precision.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_3_4d881e7a58.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague: Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription: This work shows how NpnNs initiate bacterial transcription. Cryo-EM reveals how nucleobases pair with the template: one in canonical and one in reverse Watson–Crick mode, providing a structural basis for their function as non-canonical RNA caps." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_UOCHB_Vyzkum_z_UOCHB_odhaluje_dosud_nepoznany_zpusob_prepisu_geneticke_informace_3_4d881e7a58.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2000" height="1077"><blockquote><h4>The Original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41589-025-02134-5">Molecular insight into 5′ RNA capping with NpnNs by bacterial RNA polymerase</a></h4>Valentina M. Serianni, Jana Škerlová, Anna Knopp Dubánková, Anton Škríba, Hana Šváchová, Tereza Vučková, Anatolij Filimoněnko, Milan Fábry, Pavlína Řezáčová, Tomáš Kouba &amp; Hana Cahova&nbsp;Nat. Chem. Biol. 21 (2026)<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-025-02134-5">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-025-02134-5</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>RNA capped with dinucleoside polyphosphates has been discovered in bacteria and eukaryotes only recently. The likely mechanism of this specific capping involves direct incorporation of dinucleoside polyphosphates by RNA polymerase as noncanonical initiating nucleotides. However, how these compounds bind into the active site of RNA polymerase during transcription initiation is unknown. Here, we explored transcription initiation in vitro, using a series of DNA templates in combination with dinucleoside polyphosphates and model RNA polymerase from Thermus thermophilus. We observed that the transcription start site can vary on the basis of the compatibility of the specific template and dinucleoside polyphosphate. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of transcription initiation complexes with dinucleoside polyphosphates revealed that both nucleobase moieties can pair with the DNA template. The first encoded nucleotide pairs in a canonical Watson–Crick manner, whereas the second nucleobase pairs noncanonically in a reverse Watson–Crick manner. Our work provides a structural explanation of how dinucleoside polyphosphates initiate RNA transcription.</div></div>

Research from IOCB Prague reveals a previously unknown mechanism of genetic transcription

Food adulteration is a phenomenon with a long history that has gained increasing importance in recent years due to the globalization of food supply chains and strong economic pressures. Whether it involves diluting olive oil with cheaper oils, adding sugar to honey, or the hidden use of substitutes in protein supplements, the result is a loss of consumer trust and, in some cases, a potential risk to health. Analytical chemistry plays a key role in this area by providing methods and technologies capable of identifying and quantifying target compounds as well as unwanted impurities in a wide range of food matrices.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Praha_Falsovani_potravin_a_jak_ho_odhali_analyticka_chemie_6912db5492.jpg" alt="Watrex: Food Adulteration and How It Is Revealed by Analytical Chemistry" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Praha_Falsovani_potravin_a_jak_ho_odhali_analyticka_chemie_6912db5492.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1600" height="900"><h4>The Role of Chromatography in Forensic Food Analysis</h4>Chromatography, particularly liquid chromatography (HPLC), is one of the most effective analytical tools for separating complex mixtures of molecules. It enables:<ul><li>qualitative identification of individual components in a sample,</li><li>quantitative determination of their concentrations,</li><li>detection of impurities and unexpected components that may indicate adulteration.</li></ul>In practice, HPLC is often combined with various types of detectors (UV/VIS, DAD, refractive index detectors) or with other techniques (e.g., mass spectrometry) to increase selectivity and sensitivity.<h4>Isocratic vs. Gradient Elution</h4>In the analysis of food samples, chromatographic methods are selected according to the analytical goal:<ul><li>Isocratic HPLC uses a constant mobile phase composition throughout the analysis. It is simple, robust, and ideal for routine determinations of well-defined target analytes (e.g., sugars or vitamins).</li><li>Gradient HPLC changes the mobile phase composition during separation, enabling better resolution of complex mixtures with a wide range of polarities (e.g., peptides or phenolic compounds).</li></ul>Gradient methods are particularly useful when analytes have very different properties and high separation efficiency is required.<h4>Watrex Praha and the Contribution of Modern Systems to Food Analysis</h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky_HPLCsystemy">Watrex Praha, s.r.o.</a> is one of the leading Czech manufacturers and distributors of liquid chromatography systems and instruments, with a long tradition dating back to 1990. The company has successfully transformed from a distributor into a manufacturer of its own HPLC and related technologies, focusing on modular, robust systems suitable even for demanding analytical tasks.Their <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?manufacturerItems=93&amp;search=streamline">Streamline™ product line</a> includes several HPLC system concepts suitable for food analysis:<ul><li>Isocratic HPLC system – a simple yet precise configuration with a single pump, column thermostat, and UV/VIS detector; suitable for routine determination of known analytes (e.g., basic carbohydrates, food additives).</li><li>Binary gradient HPLC system – equipped with two pumps enabling mobile phase gradient formation, which enhances separation performance for complex mixtures (e.g., phenolic profiles of wine, components of aromatic extracts).</li><li>GPC/SEC system (Gel Permeation / Size Exclusion Chromatography) – a specialized solution for the determination of macromolecules and polymers, also relevant for the analysis of high-molecular-weight components in foods (e.g., polysaccharides).</li></ul><blockquote>👉<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_catalog_2024_ba97395f92.pdf">Product catalogue HERE</a></blockquote>Thanks to the modular nature of these systems, analysts can easily adapt the configuration to a specific analytical problem, from simple routine analyses to complex characterization of food samples.<h4>Practical Examples of Adulteration Revealed by HPLC</h4><ul><li>Detection of olive oil dilution: HPLC can separate and quantify characteristic triacylglycerols and fatty acids; unusual patterns indicate the presence of cheaper oils.</li><li>Estimation of sugar addition in honey: Isocratic HPLC with a refractive index detector can determine sugar profiles (glucose, fructose, sucrose), revealing dilution or the addition of sugar syrups.</li><li>Identification of aromatic adulterants in wine: Gradient HPLC with a PDA detector can reveal phenolic and aromatic profiles that are altered by the addition of synthetic compounds.</li></ul><h4>Conclusion</h4>Food adulteration remains a current issue that requires reliable and sensitive analytical methods. Liquid chromatography, and in particular modern HPLC systems, represent one of the most powerful tools for detecting unwanted additives, impurities, and unexpected components in complex food samples. Manufacturers such as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky_HPLCsystemy">Watrex Praha</a> provide flexible chromatographic platforms covering a wide range of analytical tasks from simple isocratic to advanced gradient and GPC/SEC applications thereby supporting analysts in ensuring food quality and consumer protection.<blockquote>Did you find this article interesting? Follow <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_clanky_HPLCsystemy">Watrex Praha</a> on their social media (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/watrex/?viewAsMember=true">LinkedIn</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/WatrexPrague">Facebook</a>) for more engaging topics.</blockquote>

Food Adulteration and How It Is Revealed by Analytical Chemistry

Join us for a fascinating conversation with Dr. Subhoja Chakraborty from the University of Central Florida, whose cutting-edge research targets the global challenge of malaria drug resistance. Dr. Chakraborty shares her journey from structure-based drug design during her PhD to her recent collaborative work repurposing human kinase inhibitors as rapid, selective antimalarials against drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains.<h4>In this episode, you'll learn:</h4><ul><li>How structure-guided approaches reveal potential drug targets, including cysteine proteases like falcipain-2, and kinases implicated in malaria's complex life cycle.</li><li>The power of repurposing kinase inhibitors originally developed for cancer and other diseases, focusing on compound 12, which blocks hemozoin formation and protein kinase 6—key steps in parasite survival.</li><li>Lab techniques such as affinity, gel filtration, and size exclusion chromatography for recombinant protein purification—and how troubleshooting is crucial for high-yield, stable complexes.</li><li>Advances in mass spectrometry for characterizing protein interactions, validating drug targets, and mapping molecular pathways pivotal to malaria therapeutics.</li><li>Tips and lessons for new researchers facing the challenges of sample preparation, complex protocols, and working as part of a collaborative team.</li></ul>Dr. Chakraborty’s insights bridge the gap between basic science and translational drug discovery, offering hope for more effective, targeted malaria treatments in a world where resistance to frontline therapies threatens millions.<h4>Referenced Papers:</h4><ul><li>"Plasmodium falciparum protein kinase 6 and hemozoin formation are inhibited by a type II human kinase inhibitor exhibiting antimalarial activity" (Cell Chemical Biology, 2025)</li><li>"New insights of falcipain 2 structure from Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain" (BBRC, 2022)</li><li>"Structure-Based Optimization of Protease−Inhibitor Interactions to Enhance Specificity of Human Stefin‑A against Falcipain‑2 from the Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 Strain" (Biochemistry, 2023)</li></ul>If you’re a student, scientist, or simply passionate about advances in infectious disease research, this episode offers actionable insights, inspiring advice, and a front-row seat to innovation in combating malaria.<h3>Video Transcription</h3><h4>From Structural Biology to Drug Discovery: Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry in Malaria Research</h4><h5>Introduction</h5>In this discussion, Subhoja shares insights into her research journey, focusing on malaria drug discovery and the role of modern analytical techniques in biological and biomedical research. The conversation is aimed primarily at undergraduate students and early-career researchers interested in chemistry, biotechnology, and life sciences.<h5>Research Focus: Malaria Drug Discovery and Kinase Targets</h5>Subhoja is currently involved in malaria drug discovery research at the University of Central Florida, where she has been working since beginning her postdoctoral position two years ago. Her earlier PhD research focused on structure-based drug design in malaria, using a combination of in silico approaches, recombinant protein expression, and X-ray crystallography to determine precise three-dimensional structures of target proteins and their inhibitors.This structural perspective provided a foundation for her current work, which centers on drug discovery through compound screening and repurposing. A recent publication from her laboratory explores the use of repurposed mammalian CDK-like kinase inhibitors as potential antimalarial agents. While such kinase inhibitors are well known in cancer and cardiovascular research, their application to malaria targets represents a novel and promising approach.Kinases are attractive drug targets because of their central role in cell signaling and growth pathways. By targeting specific kinases involved in different stages of the malaria parasite life cycle—whether asexual growth, gametocytogenesis, or differentiation—it may be possible to significantly inhibit parasite growth and progression.<h5>Chromatography in Protein Expression and Purification Workflows</h5>Chromatography plays a critical role throughout Subhoja’s research. Her experience spans from basic chromatography techniques during her early training to advanced protein purification workflows using affinity chromatography, gel filtration (size exclusion chromatography), and ion exchange chromatography.Recombinant proteins are routinely purified using affinity resins such as nickel or cobalt, followed by further purification to remove contaminants. Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) enables compact, stepwise purification workflows suitable for producing proteins for in vitro assays.A recurring challenge in this process is the expression of high-molecular-weight proteins, which often accumulate in insoluble fractions or inclusion bodies. Careful selection of expression vectors, host systems, and induction conditions is therefore essential to maximize yield and solubility.<h5>Integrating Size Exclusion Chromatography into the Workflow</h5>Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is typically used after affinity purification to further improve protein purity. Following elution with imidazole or glutathione, desalting is required to prevent buffer components from interfering with downstream assays. This is often achieved using desalting columns such as G-25 or PD-10.To remove lower-molecular-weight contaminants, finer SEC media—such as Superdex or Sephacryl columns—are employed. Concentration steps using molecular-weight cut-off filters are then applied to obtain the desired protein concentration for functional studies.These iterative purification and troubleshooting steps are a routine part of protein biochemistry and reflect the importance of methodical optimization and careful validation.<h5>The Role of Mass Spectrometry in Biomolecular Characterization</h5>Mass spectrometry is a key analytical tool in Subhoja’s research pipeline, particularly for target identification and validation. In both malaria and cancer research, MS is used alongside chromatography, immunoprecipitation, and pull-down assays to study protein interactions and molecular recognition events.Affinity-based mass spectrometry enables the identification of binding partners and interactors, whether studying proteins, long non-coding RNAs, or protein complexes. Techniques such as native MS, tandem affinity purification, and proximity labeling (e.g., TurboID-based workflows) provide deeper insights into molecular networks and signaling pathways.These approaches are essential for understanding how candidate drug targets function within complex biological systems.<h5>Sample Preparation Challenges in Biological Research</h5>Sample preparation remains one of the most challenging aspects of biological experimentation. Whole-cell lysates contain proteases, nucleases, and other components that can rapidly degrade target molecules. Preventing degradation requires minimizing preparation time, maintaining low temperatures, and using appropriate inhibitor cocktails.Reproducibility is also critical: biological experiments require multiple replicates, and variability is often unavoidable. Careful handling, protocol optimization, and continuous troubleshooting are essential to ensure reliable results, whether preparing samples for chromatography, mass spectrometry, sequencing, or immunoprecipitation.<h5>Advances in Chromatography and MS for Malaria Research</h5>Modern advances in chromatography and mass spectrometry significantly enhance malaria research by enabling precise target identification, quantification, and functional characterization. Drug discovery workflows begin with construct design and recombinant expression, followed by purification and interaction studies.In malaria research, stage-specific parasite biology requires careful extraction and analysis of proteins from different life cycle stages. Tandem affinity MS, immunoprecipitation, and in vivo validation studies help confirm target relevance and therapeutic potential.Recent work on repurposed kinase inhibitors has shown promising results, including inhibition of hemozoin formation—a key detoxification pathway for the malaria parasite—highlighting the potential of such compounds for further development.<h5>Malaria, Drug Resistance, and Global Impact</h5>Malaria remains a major global health burden, with over 600,000 deaths annually and widespread drug resistance complicating treatment. Artemisinin resistance, particularly associated with mutations in the K13 propeller domain, has driven the search for new targets and therapies.During her PhD, Subhoja focused on falcipain-2, a cysteine protease involved in hemoglobin degradation within the parasite. This pathway is critical for parasite survival and has emerged as a promising drug target. Her work revealed that falcipain-2 operates within a larger protein complex responsible for hemoglobin processing and amino acid release.Understanding these molecular mechanisms is essential for developing robust, stage-specific antimalarial strategies.<h5>Advice for Early-Career Researchers</h5>For researchers just starting out, Subhoja emphasizes the importance of hands-on experience. Working directly with cells, lysates, and analytical tools is essential for truly understanding experimental systems. Failure is an inherent part of research, and perseverance is key.Motivation, teamwork, careful sample handling, and thorough preparation all contribute to long-term success. Reading extensively, critically evaluating one’s own work, and appreciating incremental progress are vital aspects of a sustainable research career.Every successful experiment—no matter how small—represents meaningful progress and contributes to the broader goals of science and medicine.<h5>Closing Remarks</h5>The discussion highlights how interdisciplinary approaches combining chromatography, mass spectrometry, structural biology, and biochemistry are driving advances in malaria drug discovery. Through careful experimental design, analytical rigor, and collaborative teamwork, researchers can address complex biological challenges and contribute to global health solutions.<blockquote>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</blockquote><blockquote><h4>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</h4>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!You can find Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast in podcast apps:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL">Spotify</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185">Apple podcast</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography">podscan</a></li></ul>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos">YouTube channel</a></blockquote>

Affinity, Gel Filtration, Size Exclusion Chromatography: Repurposing Kinase Inhibitors for Malaria

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Food

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Science and research

The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague) is a leading scientific institution in the Czech Republic, recognized internationally. Its primary mission is basic research in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, organic and material oriented chemistry, chemistry of natural compounds, biochemistry and molecular biology, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. 

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

WATREX Prague is the distributor and producer of HPLC techniques in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Main Chromatografic and Related Techniques Supported: LC, GPC, IC, IEC, Automated SPE, LC Columns and special column packings, LC method development, Software development, Laboratory Robots.

Watrex Praha

Phenomenex Strata X-CW Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)

Strata-X-CW weak cation-exchange SPE retains strong bases (pKa >8) with 100% organic wash for maximum cleanup. Available in tubes, 96-well plates, and giga formats.

Weak Cation Mixed-Mode Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)A weak cation-exchange functionalized polymeric sorbent that allows for complete retention of basic compounds with a pKa greater than 8, making 100% organic wash conditions possible. A 100% organic wash ensures that the maximum amount of interferences are removed from the target compound.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_CW_SPE_b16a0e0baf.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata-X-CW SPE" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_CW_SPE_b16a0e0baf.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="268"><ul><li>Recommended Use: Extraction of basic compounds, particularly strong bases</li></ul><h4>Starting Method</h4><h5>For Bases with pKa &gt; 8</h5><ul><li>Column: 1 mL Methanol</li><li>Equilibrate: 1 mL Water, pH 6-7</li><li>Load: Diluted Sample, pH 6-7</li><li>Wash 1: 1 mL Water, pH 6-7</li><li>Wash 2: 1 mL Methanol (collect this fraction to analyze Neutrals/Acids)</li><li>Elute Any Bases: 2x 500 µL 5 % Formic Acid in Methanol</li><li>Elute Weak Bases: 2x 500 µL 5 % NH4OH in Methanol</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_single_tube_435d45d0ad.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X single tube" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_single_tube_435d45d0ad.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080">Based on 30 mg/1 mL sorbent mass. The above is a convenient starting point for SPE method development, further optimization may be required to tailor the method for your specific extraction needs.<h4>Available Formats</h4><ul><li>96-Well-Plate</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_96_well_plate_9a66005814.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X 96-well plate" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_96_well_plate_9a66005814.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"><ul><li>1, 3, and 6mL Tubes</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_1_9b04cab6c1.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X 1, 3, and 6mL Tubes" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_1_9b04cab6c1.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"><ul><li>Giga Tubes (12-150mL Tubes)</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_2_a8cd1706ec.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X Giga Tubes (12-150mL Tubes)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_2_a8cd1706ec.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080">

Phenomenex Strata X Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)

Strata-X reversed phase SPE retains neutrals, acids, and bases via π-π, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. Robust cleanup under high organic wash.

Reversed Phase Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)A reversed phase functionalized polymeric sorbent that gives strong retention of neutral, acidic, or basic compounds under aggressive, high organic wash conditions. This sorbent relies on 3 mechanisms of retention: pi-pi bonding, hydrogen bonding (dipole-dipole interactions), and hydrophobic interaction.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_d8f4451e42.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata-X" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_d8f4451e42.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="433" height="247"><ul><li>Recommended Use: Extraction of neutrals and aromatics</li></ul><h4>Starting Method</h4><h5>For Neutral Compounds</h5><ul><li>Column: 1 mL Methanol</li><li>Equilibrate: 1 mL Water</li><li>Load: Diluted Sample</li><li>Wash: 1 mL 5-60 % Methanol</li><li>Elute: 2x 500 µL 2 % Formic Acid in Methanol/Acetonitrile</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_single_tube_435d45d0ad.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X single tube" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_single_tube_435d45d0ad.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080">Based on 30 mg/1 mL sorbent mass. The above is a convenient starting point for SPE method development, further optimization may be required to tailor the method for your specific extraction needs.<h4>Available Formats</h4><ul><li>96-Well-Plate</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_96_well_plate_9a66005814.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X 96-well plate" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_96_well_plate_9a66005814.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"><ul><li>1, 3, and 6mL Tubes</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_1_9b04cab6c1.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X 1, 3, and 6mL Tubes" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_1_9b04cab6c1.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080"><ul><li>Giga Tubes (12-150mL Tubes)</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_2_a8cd1706ec.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Strata X Giga Tubes (12-150mL Tubes)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Strata_X_tubes_2_a8cd1706ec.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1080" height="1080">

Phenomenex Phree Phospholipid Removal Solutions

Phree Phospholipid Removal Solutions offer a fast effective way to remove proteins AND phospholipids from plasma samples without negatively affecting the recovery of your target analytes.

Phree Phospholipid Removal Solutions offer a fast effective way to remove proteins AND phospholipids from plasma samples without negatively affecting the recovery of your target analytes.<h5>One Quick Method, Three Big Advantages:</h5><ul><li>Remove Proteins</li><li>Eliminate Phosphopholipids,</li><li>No Method Development</li></ul><h5>A Simple 2-step Method</h5><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Phree_Phospholipid_Removal_Solutions_A_Simple_2_Step_Method_c5ef7b809c.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Phree Phospholipid Removal Solutions - A Simple 2-Step Method" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Phree_Phospholipid_Removal_Solutions_A_Simple_2_Step_Method_c5ef7b809c.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1378" height="548"><h5>How Phree Works</h5><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Phree_Phospholipid_Removal_Solutions_How_Phree_Works_eb279f0395.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Phree Phospholipid Removal Solutions - How Phree Works" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Phree_Phospholipid_Removal_Solutions_How_Phree_Works_eb279f0395.jpg 232w," sizes="100vw" width="1107" height="745">

Phenomenex Rezex RCM-Monosaccharide Ca+2 (8%) IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex RCM-Monosaccharide Ca²⁺ (8%) HPLC column (300 × 7.8 mm) enables separation of monosaccharides, sugar alcohols, and saccharides with easy regeneration and USP L19 compliance.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex RCM-Monosaccharide Ca+2 (8%) Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>8% cross-linked calcium</li><li>For use with monosaccharides and sugar alcohols, including sorbitol and mannitol from sweeteners and corn and cane sugars</li><li>Class separation of di-, tri-, and tetra- saccharides</li><li>Easy regeneration with calcium nitrate solutions</li><li>USP: L19</li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00H-0130-K0</li><li>Ionic Form: Calcium</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 300 x 7.8 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 8 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 8</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: 35,000</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 260</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 1,000</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 1.0</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: Water</li><li>pH Range: Neutral</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03B-0130-K0</li></ul><h4>Cross Referencing Guide</h4><ul><li>Bio-Rad®Aminex®: HPX-87C (125-0095)</li><li>Supelco®SUPELCOGEL™: SUPELCOGEL (Ca)</li><li>Waters®Sugar-Pak™: Sugar-Pak 1</li><li>Transgenomic®CARBOSep™: CARBOSep (CHO-820)</li><li>Sepax®Carbomix®: Carbomix (Ca)</li></ul>

Phenomenex Biozen dSEC-1 LC columns

Phenomenex Biozen dSEC-1 is a high-resolution SEC column for peptide therapeutics, delivering fast, reproducible aggregate analysis with improved peak shape and compatibility with SEC-MS and SEC-MALS.

<h4>High-Resolution Aggregate Analysis for Peptide Therapeutics</h4>Biozen dSEC-1 columns are engineered to meet the growing demand for aggregate analysis in peptide therapeutics and mid-sized biologics. Packed with 90 Å small pore silica and featuring inert diol-based surface chemistry, dSEC-1 delivers enhanced resolution for low and high molecular weight peptide aggregates. Its robust design ensures reproducibility and compatibility with advanced workflows like SEC-MS and SEC-MALS.<h5>Robust Performance for Peptide Aggregate Analysis</h5><ul><li>High resolution for low/high MW peptide aggregates (1–50 kDa)</li><li>Reproducible, and fast analysis with extended column lifetime</li><li>Improved peak asymmetry by up to 40%</li><li>Recommended Use: Analysis of peptides, protein fragments, and small biologics with reduced analysis times and improved column lifetimes.</li></ul><h4>Aggregate and Monomer Separation in Liraglutide Formulations</h4><ul><li>Baseline resolution of monomer and two aggregates achieved in under 10 minutes</li><li>Exceptional reproducibility with retention time RSD ≤ 0.08% and peak area RSD ≤ 0.01%</li><li>Clear detection at low levels with S/N ratios of 13, 75, and 10,917 for aggregates and monomer</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_separation_in_liraglutide_formulations_3_b0d97cd01f.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Aggregate and Monomer Separation in Liraglutide Formulations" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_separation_in_liraglutide_formulations_3_b0d97cd01f.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="938" height="307"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_separation_in_liraglutide_formulations_2_035bfea3bc.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Aggregate and Monomer Separation in Liraglutide Formulations" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_separation_in_liraglutide_formulations_2_035bfea3bc.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1700" height="1050"><h3>Biozen SEC Proprietary Silica Particle Technology</h3>The Biozen dSEC columns are packed with low pore volume silica coupled with a proprietary hydrophilic diol-type bonded surface chemistry that prevents the silica surface from interacting with protein samples.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Biozen_SEC_Proprietary_Silica_Particle_Technology_502218b910.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Biozen SEC Proprietary Silica Particle Technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Biozen_SEC_Proprietary_Silica_Particle_Technology_502218b910.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1448" height="469"><h4>Improved Column Lifetime and Performance Stability</h4>Phenomenex’s optimized SEC column loading technology has significantly improved the overall packing density and silica distribution of the columns leading to improved chromatographic lifetime and stability.<h4>New Standard for Platform SEC Methods</h4>Whether IgG2 or IgG4 isotypes, bispecifics, or Fc-Fusions, dSEC-2 provides excellent separation and sample recovery for many different classes of antibodies and related recombinant proteins.<h3>Phenomenex Biozen Biologics LC Columns</h3>With a new titanium BioTi™ biocompatible hardware to minimize priming, four particle platforms for optimal versatility and nine particle chemistries to maximize selectivity and sensitivity, Biozen UHPLC/HPLC columns for protein analysis are seamlessly designed to bring peace of mind to your analysis of biologics through:<ul><li>Charge Variant Analysis</li><li>Aggregate Analysis</li><li>Peptide Mapping</li><li>Intact Mass Analysis</li><li>Intact and Subunit Analysis</li><li>Glycan Analysis</li><li>Peptide Quantitation</li><li>Drug Antibody Ratio (DAR)</li><li>Oligonucleotide Characterization</li></ul><h3>Biocompatible Flow Path with BioTi™ Hardware</h3>Keep your mind at ease knowing that we’ve minimized the need for priming with a new titanium infused biocompatible hardware and frit that doesn’t interfere with protein or peptide integrity!<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Bio_Ti_Hardware_991fb53395.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: BioTi Hardware" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Bio_Ti_Hardware_991fb53395.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1378" height="426"><h3>4 Advanced Particle Platforms</h3>All four of the Biozen particle platforms were individually designed and built by Phenomenex to take advantage of integral levels of performance, ruggedness, and reproducibility for protein characterization applications. Individually, each platform differs in the proprietary processing techniques used to control particle size and morphology.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Advanced_Particle_Platforms_a0959aca03.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Advanced Particle Platforms" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Advanced_Particle_Platforms_a0959aca03.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1439" height="868">

Phenomenex Biozen N-Glycan Clean-Up

Biozen N-Glycan Clean-up enables fast, efficient SPE purification of labeled, released N-glycans using HILIC microelution, ideal for small sample volumes and LC-MS workflows.

<h4>Easy Clean-up of Labeled, Released N-Glycans Using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)</h4>SPE HILIC stationary phase that excels at retention and recovery labeled released N-glycans. Microelution format allows for streamlined processing and clean-up of small sample volumes.<ul><li>Small volume format allows for more concentrated samples</li><li>Minimal elution solvent</li><li>Excellent retention and recovery of labeled, released N-glycans</li><li>Faster clean-up methods to save on sample prep time</li></ul><h4>Protocol</h4><ul><li>96-Well Plate: Biozen N-Glycan Clean-up</li><li>Part No.: 8M-S009-NGA</li><li>Condition: 200 µL Water</li><li>Equilibrate: 200 µL Water/Acetonitrile (15:85)</li><li>Load: Labeled Sample (up to 400 µL of labeled sample)</li><li>Wash: 2x 600 µL Formic acid/Water/Acetonitrile (1:9:90)</li><li>Elute: 3x 30 µL 200 mM Ammonium acetate in Acetonitrile/Water (5:95) of labeled sample)</li><li>Dilute: 100 µL Dimethylformamide and then 210 µL of Acetonitrile</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Biozen_N_Glycan_962a23eee6.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Biozen N-Glycan Clean-up" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Biozen_N_Glycan_962a23eee6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1444" height="424">

Phenomenex Rezex RHM-Monosaccharide H+ (8%) IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex RHM-Monosaccharide H⁺ (8%) is a versatile ion-exclusion HPLC column for monosaccharides and related compounds, typically operated with water as the mobile phase and compliant with USP L17.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex RHM-Monosaccharide H+ (8%) Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>8% cross-linked hydrogen</li><li>For use with monosaccharides in combination with organic acids, fatty acids, alcohols, ketones, neutral compounds, or inorganic salts</li><li>Versatile column, generally run with a mobile phase of deionized water</li><li>USP L17</li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00H-0132-K0</li><li>Ionic Form: Hydrogen</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 300 x 7.8 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 8 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 8</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: 35,000</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 275</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 1,000</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 1.0</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: Water</li><li>pH Range: 1-8</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03B-0132-K0</li></ul><h4>Cleaning, Regeneration and Storage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h4><ul><li>Organic Modifiers (Max): 5 % Methanol, IPA, EtOH</li><li>Inorganic Modifiers: 5 % HNO3, H3PO4</li><li>Avoid: Acids, Bases, Salts or Metal Ions, &gt; 30 % Acetonitrile</li><li>Cleaning Solvent: 100 % Water</li><li>Flow Rate(mL/min): 0.4</li><li>Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Duration (hrs): 12</li><li>Regeneration Solvent: 0.025 M H2SO4</li><li>Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.2</li><li>Duration (hrs): 4-16</li><li>Ship/Storage Solvent: Water</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Phase: RHM-Monosaccharide (L17 USP packing)*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Description: 8 % cross-linked HYDROGEN</li><li>Applications: Monosaccharides in combination with organic acids, fatty acids, alcohols, ketones, neutral compounds, or inorganic salts</li><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: HPX-87H (125-0140)</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: Supelcogel (C-610H &amp; H)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: ICSep (ION-300)</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: Carbomix H</li></ul>

Phenomenex Rezex RNM-Carbohydrate Na+ IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex RNM-Carbohydrate Na⁺ (8%) is an ion-exclusion HPLC column designed for mono-, di-, and trisaccharide analysis in high-sodium matrices, offering easy regeneration and USP L58 compliance.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex RNM-Carbohydrate Na+ Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>8% cross-linked sodium</li><li>For the analysis of matrices containing high concentrations of inorganic sodium (e.g. molasses)</li><li>Analysis of mono-, di-, and tri- saccharides</li><li>Easy to regenerate the original ionic strength</li><li>USP L58</li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00H-0136-K0</li><li>Ionic Form: Sodium</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 300 x 7.8 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 8 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 8</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: 30,000</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 170</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 1,000</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 1.0</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: Water</li><li>pH Range: Neutral</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03B-0136-K0</li></ul><h4>Cleaning, Regeneration and Storage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h4><ul><li>Organic Modifiers (Max): 5 % Methanol, IPA, EtOH</li><li>Inorganic Modifiers: 5 % Sodium Salts</li><li>Avoid: Acids, Bases, Non-Sodium Salts or Metal Ions, &gt; 30 % Acetonitrile</li><li>Cleaning Solvent: 100 % Water</li><li>Flow Rate(mL/min): 0.4</li><li>Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Duration (hrs): 12</li><li>Regeneration Solvent: 0.1 M NaNO3</li><li>Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.2</li><li>Duration (hrs): 4-16</li><li>Ship/Storage Solvent: Water</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Phase: RHM-Carbohydrate (USP L58 packing)</li><li>Description: 8 % cross-linked SODIUM</li><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: HPX-87N (125-0143)</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: N/A</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: N/A</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: Carbomix Na</li></ul>

Phenomenex Rezex RPM-Monosaccharide Pb+2 IEX HPLC Columns

Phenomenex Rezex RPM-Monosaccharide Pb²⁺ (8%) IEX HPLC column is designed for high-resolution analysis of monosaccharides and sugar alcohols, offering robust separations using water as the mobile phase and USP L34 compliance.

<h4>Key Features of the Phenomenex Rezex RPM-Monosaccharide Pb+2 IEX HPLC Columns:</h4><ul><li>8% cross-linked lead</li><li>Ideal for monosaccharide and sugar alcohol analysis</li><li>For separations of cellobiose, glucose, xylose, arabinose, and mannose and other cellulose products</li><li>100 x 7.8 mm dimensions available for sugar alcohol analysis according to the USP procedure &nbsp;</li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00H-0135-K0</li><li>Ionic Form: Lead</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 300 x 7.8 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 8 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 8</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: 35,000</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 190</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 1,000</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 1.0</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: Water</li><li>pH Range: Neutral</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03B-0135-K0</li></ul><h4>Cleaning, Regeneration and Storage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h4><ul><li>Organic Modifiers (Max): 5 % Lead Nitrile</li><li>Inorganic Modifiers: 5% Methanol, IPA, EtOH</li><li>Avoid: Acids, Bases, Non-Lead Salts or Metal Ions, &gt; 30 % Acetonitrile</li><li>Cleaning Solvent: 100 % Water</li><li>Flow Rate(mL/min): 0.4</li><li>Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Duration (hrs): 12</li><li>Regeneration Solvent: 0.1 M Pb(NO3)2</li><li>Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.2</li><li>Duration (hrs): 4-16</li><li>Ship/Storage Solvent: Water</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Phase: RPM-Monosaccharide (USP L34 packing)</li><li>Description: 8 % cross-linked LEAD</li><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: HPX-87P (125-0098)</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: Supelcogel Pb</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: CARBOSep COREGEL-87P</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: Carbomix Pb</li></ul>

Phenomenex Rezex ROA-Organic Acid H+ (8%) IEX HPLC Columns

Rezex ROA-Organic Acid H⁺ (8%) is an ion-exclusion HPLC column for simultaneous analysis of organic acids, sugars, and alcohols, ideal for bioethanol fermentation monitoring in a single run.

<h4>Key Features of the Rezex ROA-Organic Acid H+ (8%) Ion Exclusion HPLC Column:</h4><ul><li>8% cross-linked hydrogen</li><li>For use with organic acids in combination with carbohydrates, alcohols, fatty acids, neutral compounds; amino sugars</li><li>Uniquely suited to monitor starches, sugars, organic acids, and ethanol in one run for bioethanol fermentation analysis</li><li>Applications<ul><li>Organic acids in combination with carbohydrates, alcohols, fatty acids, or neutral compounds</li><li>Ethanol, acetic acid, glycerol, and standard alcohol mixtures</li><li>Amino sugars</li></ul></li><li>Achieve excellent base line separation between Dp3 and Dp4+</li></ul><h4>Specifications and Operating Recommendations</h4><ul><li>Part No.: 00H-0138-K0</li><li>Ionic Form: Hydrogen</li><li>Standard Dimensions: 300 x 7.8 mm</li><li>Matrix: Sulfonated Styrene Divinyl Benzene</li><li>Cross Linking: 8 %</li><li>Particle Size (μm): 8</li><li>Min. Efficiency (p/m) based on last peak: 50,000</li><li>Typical Pressure (psi @ Testing Flow Rate): 580</li><li>Max. Pressure (psi @ Max Flow Rate): 1,000</li><li>Max. Flow Rate (mL/min): 1.0</li><li>Max. Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Typical Mobile Phase: 0.005 N H2SO4</li><li>pH Range: 1-8</li><li>Guard Column Part: 03B-0138-K0</li></ul><h4>Cleaning, Regeneration and Storage&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </h4><ul><li>Organic Modifiers (Max): 5 % Methanol, IPA, EtOH</li><li>Inorganic Modifiers: 5 % HNO3, H3PO4</li><li>Avoid: Acids, Bases, Salts or Metal Ions, pH &gt; 3, &gt; 30 % Acetonitrile</li><li>Cleaning Solvent: 100 % Water</li><li>Flow Rate(mL/min): 0.4</li><li>Temperature (°C): 85</li><li>Duration (hrs): 12</li><li>Regeneration Solvent: 0.025 M H2SO4</li><li>Flow Rate (mL/min): 0.2</li><li>Duration (hrs): 4-16</li><li>Ship/Storage Solvent: 0.005 M H2SO4</li></ul><h4>Cross Reference Guide</h4><ul><li>Bio-Rad® Aminex®: HPX-87H (125-0140)</li><li>Supelco® Supelcogel™: Supelcogel (C-610H &amp; H)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li>Waters® SugarPak™: N/A</li><li>Transgenomic® CARBOSep™: N/A</li><li>Sepax® Carbomi®: N/A</li></ul>

Products from Phenomenex - page 2

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