🎤Dr. Leigh Terry (University of Alabama)In this episode of Concentrating on Chromatography, we sit down with Dr. Leigh Terry from the University of Alabama to explore one of the biggest challenges in environmental analysis today: understanding—and accurately measuring—PFAS in water systems.While most regulatory methods focus on a small number of compounds like PFOA and PFOS, there may be thousands of PFAS compounds in the environment—and much of that burden goes undetected.<h4>In this episode, we cover:</h4><ul><li>Why PFAS are called “forever chemicals” (and why that label is evolving)</li><li>The limitations of targeted LC-MS/MS methods</li><li>What the fluorine mass balance problem reveals about PFAS destruction</li><li>How combustion ion chromatography (CIC) helps measure total organofluorine</li><li>Why “99.99% removal” doesn’t always mean what you think</li><li>Where PFAS actually end up in wastewater treatment systems</li><li>The most effective technologies for PFAS removal today</li><li>Why drinking water may only account for ~20% of total PFAS exposure</li></ul><h4>Key Insight:</h4>Even when analyzing dozens of PFAS compounds, researchers may only be capturing a small fraction of total organic fluorine—raising major questions about how we monitor and regulate these contaminants.<h3>Video Transcription</h3>In this episode of Concentrating on Chromatography, Dr. Leigh Terry discusses PFAS contamination in drinking water, the analytical challenges associated with measuring these compounds, current treatment technologies, and future directions for monitoring and regulation. The conversation highlights how analytical chemistry, environmental engineering, and public health intersect in addressing one of today's most discussed classes of emerging contaminants.<h4>Understanding PFAS and Their Significance</h4><h5>The University of Alabama Water Quality Research Center</h5>Dr. Leigh Terry is part of the University of Alabama's Center for Water Quality Research. The center operates an analytical laboratory focused on drinking water quality and the detection of contaminants at extremely low concentrations.The laboratory specializes in:<ul><li>Drinking water analysis</li><li>Organic contaminants</li><li>Emerging contaminants</li><li>PFAS monitoring</li><li>Water quality research</li></ul>Their work supports both research initiatives and practical solutions for water utilities and environmental agencies.<h4>Why Focus on PFAS?</h4>Although PFAS compounds have existed since the 1940s, public awareness has increased dramatically only in recent years.According to Dr. Terry, several factors contributed to the rapid growth of PFAS research:<ul><li>Increased media attention</li><li>New regulatory initiatives</li><li>Growing evidence of human exposure</li><li>Expanding research opportunities</li><li>Greater understanding of potential health risks</li></ul>PFAS are not new contaminants. Rather, society is only beginning to understand their prevalence in the environment and their potential impacts on human health.<h4>The Development of Standardized PFAS Methods</h4>One major advancement in PFAS analysis has been the development of standardized EPA methods.These methods allow:<ul><li>Consistent testing procedures</li><li>Comparable results between laboratories</li><li>Regulatory monitoring</li><li>Reliable data interpretation</li></ul>Dr. Terry notes that many of these standardized approaches began appearing around 2018–2019, providing a common framework for analytical laboratories and researchers.<h4>How Large Is the PFAS Universe?</h4>Many people are familiar with PFOA and PFOS, two of the most heavily studied PFAS compounds. However, these represent only a small fraction of the broader PFAS family.PFOA and PFOS are often referred to as:<ul><li>Legacy PFAS compounds</li><li>Original PFAS contaminants</li><li>Early commercial PFAS chemicals</li></ul>The challenge is that even minor modifications to molecular structure create entirely new PFAS compounds.Researchers estimate:<ul><li>Thousands of PFAS compounds exist</li><li>Some estimates exceed 10,000 compounds</li><li>Exact numbers depend on how PFAS are defined</li></ul>Scientific debate continues regarding classification and definition, making precise counting difficult.<h4>Why PFAS Are Called "Forever Chemicals"</h4>Dr. Terry notes that the phrase "forever chemicals" has become widely used, although she suggests the terminology could benefit from rebranding.PFAS persistence results from two key chemical properties.<h5>1. Amphiphilic Structure</h5>PFAS molecules contain:<ul><li>A water-loving (hydrophilic) head group</li><li>A water-repelling (hydrophobic) fluorinated tail</li></ul>This unusual combination allows PFAS to partition between:<ul><li>Water</li><li>Solids</li><li>Air-water interfaces</li><li>Foam</li></ul>Unlike many organic compounds, PFAS can interact effectively with multiple environmental phases.<h5>2. Extremely Strong Carbon–Fluorine Bonds</h5>The carbon–fluorine bond is among the strongest bonds in organic chemistry.As Dr. Terry explains:<ul><li>Large amounts of energy are required to break these bonds</li><li>Natural degradation processes are often ineffective</li><li>Destruction can require highly aggressive treatment conditions</li></ul>These properties make PFAS extremely persistent in both environmental systems and biological organisms.<h4>Toxicity, Regulations, and Environmental Behavior</h4><h5>Understanding PFAS Toxicity</h5>One of the biggest challenges in PFAS regulation is the incomplete understanding of toxicity.Dr. Terry explains that EPA regulations generally consider three factors:<ul><li>Presence in drinking water sources</li><li>Toxicity to humans</li><li>Availability of practical treatment options</li></ul>While some PFAS compounds are known to be harmful, many others remain insufficiently studied. Furthermore, PFAS often occur as mixtures rather than individual compounds.This creates important scientific questions:<ul><li>What is the toxicity of individual PFAS?</li><li>What is the toxicity of PFAS mixtures?</li><li>How should cumulative exposure be evaluated?</li></ul>These uncertainties continue to drive active research.<h4>What Happens to PFAS in Wastewater Treatment Plants?</h4>PFAS do not behave like many conventional contaminants.Rather than remaining fully dissolved in water, they often accumulate at interfaces such as:<ul><li>Water-solid interfaces</li><li>Water-air interfaces</li><li>Foam layers</li><li>Biological solids</li></ul>As a result:<ul><li>Some PFAS accumulate in biosolids</li><li>Some partition into foam</li><li>Some remain in treated effluent</li></ul>Their distribution depends on wastewater composition and treatment processes.<h4>Regulatory Monitoring and Targeted LC-MS Analysis</h4>Current EPA regulations focus on targeted analysis of specific PFAS compounds.Examples include:<ul><li>PFOA</li><li>PFOS</li></ul>Drinking water regulations currently establish maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for these compounds at extremely low concentrations.Advantages of targeted LC-MS analysis include:<ul><li>Clearly defined analytes</li><li>Established regulatory limits</li><li>High analytical sensitivity</li><li>Reliable quantitation</li></ul>However, limitations remain:<ul><li>Only a small subset of PFAS is measured</li><li>Many PFAS compounds remain undetected</li><li>Total PFAS burden may be underestimated</li></ul>As Dr. Terry notes, targeted analysis provides only part of the overall picture.<h4>The Fluorine Mass Balance Problem</h4>One of the most important concepts discussed in the interview is fluorine mass balance.When PFAS degrade, fluorinated fragments may remain in the environment.This creates a critical question:Are treatment technologies truly destroying PFAS, or merely transforming them into shorter-chain PFAS compounds?To answer this, researchers perform fluorine mass balance calculations using:<ul><li>Targeted PFAS analysis</li><li>Fluoride measurements</li><li>Total organic fluorine measurements</li></ul>A successful destruction process should ultimately convert PFAS into fluoride ions rather than simply producing smaller PFAS molecules.<h4>Advanced Analysis, Treatment Technologies, and Future Directions</h4><h5>Combining Targeted and Bulk Fluorine Measurements</h5>Dr. Terry's group complements targeted LC-MS analysis with measurements of total organic fluorine.Approaches include:<ul><li>Absorbable Organic Fluorine (AOF)</li><li>Extractable Organic Fluorine (EOF)</li><li>Combustion Ion Chromatography (CIC)</li></ul>In these methods:<ul><li>Organic fluorine is captured</li><li>Samples are combusted</li><li>Released fluoride is quantified</li></ul>This provides insight into total fluorinated content, although contributions may originate from sources beyond PFAS, including pharmaceuticals and consumer products.<h4>Surprising Findings from Combined Analysis</h4>One important finding from wastewater studies was that targeted PFAS measurements accounted for only a small fraction of total organic fluorine.Dr. Terry reports that:<ul><li>Approximately 4% of measured AOF could be explained by targeted PFAS compounds</li><li>The majority of organic fluorine remained unidentified</li></ul>This suggests that environmental fluorine chemistry is considerably more complex than currently represented by routine monitoring programs.<h4>Preventing PFAS Contamination in the Laboratory</h4>PFAS analysis requires exceptionally strict quality control.Dr. Terry's laboratory routinely:<ul><li>Tests every new batch of SPE cartridges</li><li>Tests carbon tubes before use</li><li>Uses DI water blanks</li><li>Verifies consumables labeled as PFAS-free</li><li>Collects field blanks</li><li>Monitors analytical blanks throughout workflows</li></ul>These practices help prevent contamination from laboratory materials and consumables, a common challenge in ultra-trace PFAS analysis.<h4>Current PFAS Treatment Technologies</h4>Three technologies currently dominate PFAS removal in drinking water treatment:<ul><li>Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)</li><li>Ion Exchange Resins</li><li>Reverse Osmosis (RO)</li></ul>Selection depends on:<ul><li>PFAS concentration</li><li>Water quality</li><li>Local operating conditions</li><li>Utility infrastructure</li></ul>Although many emerging technologies are being investigated, these remain the most widely implemented solutions.<h4>Membrane Filtration and Pretreatment</h4>Dr. Terry collaborates with colleagues studying membrane-based PFAS treatment.Her own work focuses on pretreatment through biological filtration.The strategy involves:<ul><li>Removing natural organic matter</li><li>Reducing membrane fouling</li><li>Improving membrane performance</li><li>Extending operational efficiency</li></ul>This integrated approach demonstrates how multiple treatment technologies can work together to improve PFAS removal.<h4>Regional Monitoring Projects</h4>The University of Alabama team participates in EPA-supported monitoring efforts along the Gulf Coast.Their observations indicate:<ul><li>PFAS rarely occur alone</li><li>Multiple PFAS compounds frequently co-occur</li><li>Contamination often originates from identifiable point sources</li></ul>Examples include:<ul><li>Industrial facilities</li><li>Manufacturing operations</li><li>Military installations</li><li>Carpet manufacturing facilities</li></ul>Source identification remains a critical component of environmental monitoring programs.<h4>Future Directions for PFAS Monitoring</h4>Looking ahead, Dr. Terry sees several opportunities for improvement.Desired advances include:<ul><li>In situ monitoring technologies</li><li>Portable detection systems</li><li>Reduced analytical complexity</li><li>Lower instrument costs</li><li>Less expensive consumables</li><li>Faster analysis workflows</li></ul>Current PFAS testing requires substantial expertise, specialized instrumentation, and rigorous quality control, making widespread implementation challenging.<h4>Dr. Terry's Perspective on Long-Term Solutions</h4>When asked what major PFAS challenge she would most like to solve, Dr. Terry offered a broader perspective.Rather than focusing solely on remediation, she emphasized prevention.Her view is that society should:<ul><li>Better evaluate chemical toxicity before commercialization</li><li>Assess risks before large-scale deployment</li><li>Reduce introduction of harmful compounds into the environment</li><li>Support utilities tasked with contaminant removal</li></ul>She notes that water utilities often bear the responsibility of removing contaminants they did not create, highlighting the need for broader societal and regulatory support.<h4>Final Thoughts</h4>Dr. Terry encourages consumers to:<ul><li>Learn where their drinking water originates</li><li>Read annual water quality reports</li><li>Stay informed about local water quality</li><li>Consider appropriate home filtration where needed</li></ul>At the same time, she emphasizes confidence in municipal water systems and the importance of continued investment in water quality research, monitoring, and treatment technologies.<h4>Conclusion</h4>PFAS remain one of the most complex challenges in environmental chemistry and water treatment. Through advanced analytical methods such as LC-MS/MS, combustion ion chromatography, fluorine mass balance approaches, and large-scale monitoring programs, researchers like Dr. Leigh Terry are helping improve our understanding of these persistent contaminants.The interview highlights that solving the PFAS challenge will require a combination of better analytical tools, improved treatment technologies, stronger regulatory frameworks, and a greater emphasis on prevention before contaminants enter the environment.<blockquote>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</blockquote><blockquote><h4>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</h4>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!You can find Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast in podcast apps:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL">Spotify</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185">Apple podcast</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography">podscan</a></li></ul>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos">YouTube channel</a></blockquote>

PFAS in Water: Why We’re Missing 96% of the Problem

This study evaluates an immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) containing peptide N-glycosidase from Rudaea cellulosilytica (PNGase Rc) for rapid online deglycosylation of intact glycoproteins. Human glycoproteins and therapeutic antibodies were used as model substrates to assess reactor performance.The PNGase Rc IMER efficiently removed complex sialylated and core-fucosylated glycans, simplifying protein characterization and glycosylation-site analysis. The approach offers a fast and effective solution for bioanalytical workflows, biopharmaceutical quality control, and stability testing of therapeutic proteins.<blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c00577">Online Deglycosylation of Monomeric Intact Proteins Using the PNGase Rc Immobilized-Enzyme Reactor</a></h4>Katarína Molnárová, Petr Novák, Jana Nováková, and Petr Pompach*ACS Omega 2026, 11, 17, 25724–25729<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.6c00577">https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.6c00577</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote>Selected sections from the article follow. Formats and hyperlinks were adapted from the original.<div>Protein glycosylation, in which monosaccharide units are attached to a protein backbone through enzymatic pathways, is involved in many important biochemical processes and is considered one of the most important post-translational modifications. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(1)</a> It affects not only the stability and secretion of proteins, cell–cell interactions, and receptor–ligand recognition mechanisms but also the biological activity, plasma half-life, immunogenicity, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of biotherapeutics. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(2−5)</a> Therapeutical monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are among the best known pharmaceuticals that are based on glycoproteins. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(6)</a> Over 90% of the mAbs are derived from immunoglobulin G (IgG), in which N-glycosylation occurs at Asn297 of the Fc region and is responsible for modulating immune responses and interactions with other proteins. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(7,8)</a> In cancer treatment, mAbs are used to increase the response of the immune system against the tumor cell, thus inhibiting the cancerous cell growth and helping with the destruction and elimination. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(9)</a> Among the most commonly used mAbs are trastuzumab, bevacizumab, cetuximab, or margetuximab, which are used as an additional treatment for breast, colorectal, prostate, or lung cancer. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(10)</a>Mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods have become a method of choice in the analysis of mAbs that can provide information on sequence, post-translational modifications, and glycosylation profiles. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(11)</a> The enzymatic removal of the attached glycans from the protein backbone can reduce the complexity of the MS analysis, which can lead to a better understanding of the protein structure and modifications. In glycoproteomics, peptide-N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) is most used for glycan removal. It cleaves the linkage between the Asn residue and the N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). <a href="javascript:void(0);">(12)</a> Jmeian et al. developed a monolithic PNGase F enzyme reactor fabricated in fused silica using a glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate polymer and integrated it into an LC–MS workflow. The authors demonstrated the applicability of this system for the characterization of released neutral and acidic N-glycans by LC–MS analysis. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> In another study, oriented immobilization of PNGase F onto a methacrylate-based monolithic support via glutathione-S-transferase–glutathione affinity coupling was employed to release N-glycans from denatured ribonuclease B and fetuin, as well as from native IgG. The released glycans and the corresponding deglycosylated proteins were subsequently analyzed by MALDI-MS. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a>Gramlich et al. showed the potential of PNGase Rc for N-glycan hydrolysis from both tryptic peptides and native glycoproteins at a low pH. The favorable properties of PNGase Rc, including activity at acidic pH and compatibility with reducing agents such as tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) and denaturants like urea, make this enzyme well suited for online intact protein deglycosylation workflows. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(15,16)</a>In this report, we demonstrate the potential of the PNGase Rc IMER for rapid online deglycosylation of reduced monomeric glycoproteins, including human haptoglobin (Hp), human transferrin, anti-hHD6, and the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies trastuzumab and bevacizumab. The column retained its activity over more than 150 consecutive measurements, highlighting its robustness, suitability for repeated use in bioanalytical workflows, and applicability to pharmaceutical research and development.<h4>Experimental Section</h4><h5>Instrumentation and Experimental Conditions</h5>Automated sample handling and online deglycosylation were carried out using the HDX workstation (AffiPro, Czech Republic). The scheme of the system is shown on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c00577#fig1">Figure 1</a>. Samples of 50 mM ammonium bicarbonate buffer (pH 8.2) and 40 mM TCEP were placed in a sample tray at 4 °C. Ten microliters of the protein sample at a concentration of 0.03 mg/mL (0.3 μg per injection) were added to 40 μL of 50 mM ammonium bicarbonate and then transferred to 50 μL of 40 mM TCEP, pH 2.3. The disulfide bond reduction was carried at 40 °C for 5 min. The automated sample handling system injected 100 μL of the reaction mixture into the sample loop and switched the injection valve. Online deglycosylation was performed at room temperature using a PNGase Rc IMER (2.1 × 20 mm, AffiPro, Czech Republic) at a flow rate of 50 μL/min, followed by protein desalting on an OPTI-TRAP (0.5 × 2 mm) trap column (Optimize Technologies Inc., Oregon City, Oregon, USA) heated to 55 °C for 10 min with 0.2% formic acid delivered by an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1260+Infinity+III+isocratic+pump">Agilent 1260 Infinity III isocratic pump</a> (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California, USA). By switching the trap valve, the protein was eluted by an acetonitrile gradient [(min)/% B] 0/10-9/10-16/70-16.5/90-17/90-18/10-23/10] delivered by the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1290+Infinity+II+LC">Agilent 1290 Infinity II HPLC</a> system (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California, USA) at a flow rate of 20 μL/min. The mobile phase A consisted of 5% acetonitrile with 1% propan-2-ol and 0.1% formic acid, and the mobile phase B consisted of 95% acetonitrile with 1% propan-2-ol and 0.1% formic acid. The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=8&amp;search=maXis+Q-TOF">maXis Q-TOF mass spectrometer</a> (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany) was operated in the survey MS mode in a mass range of m/z 50–3000. The acquired data were analyzed and processed by DataAnalysis 4.4 (Bruker Daltonics) and deconvoluted by UniDec <a href="javascript:void(0);">(17)</a> with the following parameters: data processing range, m/z 500–3000; charge range, 1–80; allowed mass range, 1,000–80,000; sampling rate, 10 Da; peak detection range, 500 Da; and peak detection threshold, 0.1.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_17_25724_25729_Figure_1_Schematic_of_the_automated_sample_handling_system_for_online_protein_deglycosylation_and_desalting_d4ee48b627.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 17, 25724–25729: Figure 1. Schematic of the automated sample handling system for online protein deglycosylation and desalting. Protein samples, along with 50 mM ammonium bicarbonate and 40 mM TCEP stock solutions were placed in a sample tray chilled to 4 °C, while a second tray heated to 40 °C was used for disulfide bond reduction with TCEP buffer." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_17_25724_25729_Figure_1_Schematic_of_the_automated_sample_handling_system_for_online_protein_deglycosylation_and_desalting_d4ee48b627.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1287" height="386"><h4>Results and Discussion</h4>The performance of the PNGase Rc IMER for the removal of complex N-glycans from intact proteins was tested using heavily glycosylated human Hp with four glycosylation sites (Asn184, Asn207, Asn211, and Asn241) <a href="javascript:void(0);">(18)</a> located at the β-chain and occupied by complex N-glycans terminated with sialic acid. Haptoglobin phenotype 2-1, used in this study, forms multimers consisting of β-chain and disulfide linked α1 and α2 chains. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(19)</a> The detection of glycosylated Hp β-chain requires reduction of the disulfide bonds by incubating the protein with a reducing reagent. TCEP is a common reducing reagent used for fast reduction of disulfide bonds at various pH levels. Forty degrees Celsius, the maximum temperature of the PAL tray, and 5 min of incubation were sufficient for complete reduction of Hp disulfide bonds. Individual signals corresponding to the glycosylated β-chain were observed in the m/z range of 35,800–37,400 (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c00577#fig2">Figure 2</a>a). The limited resolution of the mass spectrometer did not allow assigning the different glycoforms of the haptoglobin β-chain, which is occupied by biantennary, triantennary, or tetraantennary glycans with various amounts of sialic acid and fucose. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(20,21)</a> The nonglycosylated α1 and α2 chains were observed at m/z 9190 and 15,940. When the PNGase Rc IMER was integrated into the flow system, a signal at m/z 27,270 was detected, demonstrating complete deglycosylation of the haptoglobin β-chain (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c00577#fig2">Figure 2</a>b).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_17_25724_25729_Figure_2_A_Mass_spectrum_of_human_Hp_without_the_PN_Gase_Rc_IMER_implemented_in_the_system_0ecca84ed4.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 17, 25724–25729: Figure 2. (A) Mass spectrum of human Hp without the PNGase Rc IMER implemented in the system. The base peak signals of the spectrum correspond to both α1 and α2 chains. The signal of the β chain is spread across its different glycoforms. (B) Mass spectrum of human Hp with the PNGase Rc IMER implemented in the system. The signal of the deglycosylated β chain is higher compared to its glycosylated form and observed only at m/z 27,270. This indicates complete removal of glycans from the Hp β chain." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_17_25724_25729_Figure_2_A_Mass_spectrum_of_human_Hp_without_the_PN_Gase_Rc_IMER_implemented_in_the_system_0ecca84ed4.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2015" height="913">In a previous study by Krenkova et al., the PNGase F IMER was used for deglycosylation of IgG, RNase B, and bovine fetuin with follow-up mass spectrometry detection of both released glycans and intact proteins using MALDI-TOF MS. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(14)</a> The authors demonstrated an effective method for rapid protein deglycosylation, which, however, requires additional sample handling prior to mass spectrometry measurement. The other study by Jmeian et al., which focused on released N-glycans, implemented a PNGase F IMER with online LC–MS detection. <a href="javascript:void(0);">(13)</a> The authors show the effectiveness of the method by identifying many different glycans released from a single protein or from a complex plasma mixture. Our approach is not directly intended for released N-glycan analysis; instead, it demonstrates the ability to measure intact proteins after rapid online deglycosylation using PNGase Rc at low pH. Samples prepared immediately prior to mass spectrometry analysis using the automated sample-handling platform can reduce variability associated with autosampler residence time, as some proteins may undergo degradation or precipitation during storage in the autosampler.Although all glycoproteins in this study were effectively deglycosylated, the method’s efficiency depends on the characteristics of the individual glycoprotein. Therefore, optimizing method parameters─including the isocratic flow rate, glycoprotein incubation time with TCEP, and/or the addition of denaturing reagent─may improve the overall efficiency of the deglycosylation process.The PNGase Rc IMER stability over a series of injections was tested by using the trastuzumab antibody. The measurements were carried out with the enzyme column kept at the laboratory temperature. As shown in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.6c00577#fig5">Figure 5</a>, the results indicate that the column performance remained stable over the course of the 150 measurements, and no glycosylated form of the trastuzumab antibody heavy chain was detected. The activity of PNGase Rc in the presence of 5% acetonitrile and 5% propan-2-ol was evaluated using a bottom-up approach with human 2–1 haptoglobin, which was online-digested by a coimmobilized nepenthesin-2/pepsin IMER. In the absence of an organic solvent, the peptide IEKVVLHPNYSQVD remained fully deglycosylated throughout 30 injections. In contrast, in the presence of organic solvent, a marked loss of enzymatic activity was observed after only a few injections (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acsomega.6c00577/suppl_file/ao6c00577_si_001.pdf">Figure 2</a>).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/ACS_Omega_2026_11_17_25724_25729_Figure_5_Monitoring_the_stability_and_performance_of_PN_Gase_Rc_IMER_4a9b5a9c53.jpg" alt="ACS Omega 2026, 11, 17, 25724–25729: Figure 5. Monitoring the stability and performance of PNGase Rc IMER. Trastuzumab heavy chain was completely deglycosylated after 150 injections." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_ACS_Omega_2026_11_17_25724_25729_Figure_5_Monitoring_the_stability_and_performance_of_PN_Gase_Rc_IMER_4a9b5a9c53.jpg 170w," sizes="100vw" width="996" height="918"><h4>Conclusions</h4>Here, we demonstrate the potential of the PNGase Rc IMER for the online removal of N-glycans from intact monomeric glycoproteins reduced with TCEP. The column showed high sensitivity toward Hp, which has multiple glycosylation sites with various glycan structures, confirming its suitability for the profiling of complex glycoproteins. Bevacizumab and trastuzumab exhibited similar glycosylation profiles, with core-fucosylated biantennary glycans being the most abundant. Online deglycosylation with the PNGase Rc column resulted in a complete removal of the glycans from the heavy chains of both antibodies, proving that the column can be used for the rapid online deglycosylation of intact therapeutic mAbs. Moreover, the column remained stable over 150 measurements without any loss of activity, even when it was maintained at laboratory temperature. The significantly reduced reaction time, together with full automation and the absence of manual handling steps, substantially improves analytical throughput compared to conventional off-line deglycosylation workflows. These findings highlight the potential of the PNGase Rc IMER in the development of glycoprotein-based biopharmaceuticals, where detailed structural characterization of the protein part is critical for quality control, monitoring batch-to-batch variability, and stability testing.</div>

Online Deglycosylation of Monomeric Intact Proteins Using the PNGase Rc Immobilized-Enzyme Reactor

In the week of June 29, the following webinars await you in the field of liquid phase and especially HPLC and LC/MS.<blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinars">👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</a></h4>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database with over 5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars.</blockquote><h5>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Insights from an IC specialist: To be suppressed or not suppressed?</h5><ul><li>Tu, 30.6.2026 09:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6310">Registration</a></li></ul>Join Thermo Fisher’s Ask the Experts session to learn how suppressor technology impacts ion chromatography performance, sensitivity, reliability, maintenance, and troubleshooting.<h5>2. SCIEX: Advancing Proteomics with ZenoTOF: From Single-Cell Analysis to Plasma Biomarker Discovery</h5><ul><li>Tu, 30.6.2026 11:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6311">Registration</a></li></ul>Discover how ZenoTOF high-resolution mass spectrometry is accelerating single-cell proteomics and plasma biomarker discovery through enhanced sensitivity, throughput, and automation.<h5>3. Agilent Technologies: Measuring Diverse Samples with UV/VIS Spectrometers and Integrating Spheres</h5><ul><li>Tu, 30.6.2026 20:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6052">Registration</a></li></ul>This webinar will discuss diffuse transmission and reflection UV/VIS measurements, including how to perform measurements with Agilent’s Cary 60 UV/VIS Spectrometer.<h5>4. Waters Corporation: Informatics series #33 Tips, Tricks and Best Practices</h5><ul><li>Th, 2.7.2026 11:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6315">Registration</a></li></ul>This interactive session revisits essential features, shortcuts, and practical techniques in Empower software that can streamline everyday laboratory work and reduce unnecessary effort.<h5>5. Waters Corporation: Unlocking Therapeutic Peptide Characterisation (GLP-1RAs) with Cyclic IMS</h5><ul><li>Th, 2.7.2026 15:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6313">Registration</a></li></ul>Discover how cyclic ion mobility spectrometry (cyclic IMS) improves characterization of GLP-1 analogues and therapeutic peptides, supporting development, quality control, and regulatory submissions.<h5>6. Agilent Technologies: Spectral Flow Cytometry Masterclass - Session 1</h5><ul><li>Fr, 3.7.2026 07:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6316">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how full-spectrum flow cytometry enables high-dimensional cell analysis. Explore spectral flow technology, experimental design, and applications in immunology, oncology, and vaccine research.

Webinars LabRulezLCMS Week 27/2026

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Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

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The sample throughput of high-sensitivity liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based proteomics analysis is restricted by the pressure limitations of LC and column hardware, with some methods wasting as much as 50% of the method cycle time outside of MS acquisition.
Traditional routes for boosting throughput include shorter columns and gradients, higher flow rates, and using trap-and-elute workflows – all of which introduce trade-offs in sensitivity and proteome depth.
The Thermo Scientific™ Vanquish™ Neo tandem direct injection workflow leverages hardware innovations and software intelligence to eliminate method overhead while maintaining data quality across nano, capillary, and micro-flow LC-MS.
In this webinar experts from Evotec and Bayer will showcase how they implemented the tandem direct injection workflow for their proteomics work. Dr. Nagarjuna Nagaraj will present on how Evotec is using tandem direct injection with nano-LC columns packed in-house to boost sample throughput of their chemoproteomics screening pipeline, while Dr. Alexander Boychenko from Bayer will discuss how his lab is using a micro-flow tandem direct injection approach to analyze plasma samples for translational proteomics.
Learning Objectives
<ul>
<li>See how minimizing LC-MS method overhead can accelerate sample throughput while maintaining proteome depth
</li>
<li>Discover how labs are using tandem direct injection for chemoproteomics and translational proteomics applications
</li>
<li>Learn how to implement tandem direct injection in your proteomics workflow
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Dr. Nagarjuna Nagaraj (Group Leader High Sensitivity Proteomics, Evotec)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Dr. Nagarjuna Nagaraj is a proteomics group leader at Evotec focusing on high sensitivity and high throughput proteomics applications with more than 18 years of experience in proteomics and mass spectrometry. Nagarjuna obtained his PhD from the Matthias Mann lab focusing on sample preparation and MS data acquisition strategies for clinical applications. After a postdoc he directed the mass spectrometry core facility at the Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry working on a wide range of protein and peptide mass spectrometry projects such as bottom-up proteomics, structural mass spectrometry including HDX, native and crosslinking MS, intact protein and small molecule analysis.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Dr. Alexander Boychenko (Head of R&amp;D Laboratory Precision Medicine Markers, Bayer)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Alexander Boychenko is leading Omics Research within the Translational Sciences team of the Pharmaceuticals division at Bayer Group. He is focused on implementing innovative analytical technologies and developing novel methodologies for proteomics, metabolomics, and ligand-binding assays (LBA) to comprehensively characterize human and animal model phenotypes, enabling disease understanding and novel biomarker discovery. He holds a Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistry from Kharkiv National University, Ukraine. During his post-doctoral work at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands, he combined LC-MS and immunoassays to discover and validate protein biomarkers in biofluids for cancer screening. Before joining Research and Early Development at Bayer AG, he developed and introduced new liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry products at Thermo Fisher Scientific. Alexander is a subject matter expert in LC-MS, biological data interpretation, and precision medicine. He utilizes his passion for applying technical expertise to develop new medicines.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Dr. Alec Valenta (Product Marketing Manager, Thermo Fisher Scientific)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Alec is the product marketing manager for the Vanquish Neo UHPLC system and low-flow LC columns. Prior to joining Thermo Fisher Scientific he earned his PhD in analytical chemistry from the University of Michigan where he helped advance microdialysis sampling of neurochemicals and developed LC-MS methods to quantify small molecule neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and metabolites in a variety of complex biological samples.
</blockquote>

Thermo Scientific: A Tandem LC Workflow for Maximizing Mass Spectrometer Utilization in Proteomics

A Tandem LC Workflow for Maximizing Mass Spectrometer Utilization in Proteomics

How experts from Evotec and Bayer implemented the tandem direct injection workflow for their proteomics work.

A Tandem LC Workflow for Maximizing Mass Spectrometer

<h3>Session #1 - Advancements in Targeted Quantitation of PFAS</h3>We are thrilled to invite you to our upcoming webinar focused on enhancing laboratory efficiency and accuracy in PFAS analysis. Join us to explore innovative solutions that streamline processes and improve detection capabilities.1. Harnessing the Power of Mass Spectrometry and Automation to Reduce Sample Size, Sample Preparation Time and Increase Laboratory Efficiency of PFAS Analysis for EPA 1633<ul><li>Presented by Kari Organtini</li></ul>EPA Method 1633 is widely used for analyzing PFAS in non-potable water, soils, biosolids, and tissues. This presentation will show how advanced mass spectrometry and automation can significantly reduce sample size, cut down preparation time, and boost overall laboratory efficiency.2. Identification of short chain per and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) using ion ratios with low mass product ions<ul><li>Presented by Stuart Adams</li></ul>As long-chain PFAS are replaced by short and ultrashort-chain alternatives, their detection becomes more challenging. This talk will cover how modified tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry enhances sensitivity, enabling the identification of these difficult-to-detect PFAS compounds using low-mass product ions.3. Evaluation of DESI mounted on Q-TOF and TQ mass spectrometers to image PFAS compounds in different matrices<ul><li>Presented by Emmanuelle Claude</li></ul>Direct analysis with minimum sample preparation as well spatial dimension of PFAS in samples can add simplicity and localization information, to complement state of the art detection and quantification by UHPLC-MRM analysis. Results are presented to evaluate the level of detection of few tens of PFAS compounds that were spotted on porcine liver tissue section, after updating the DESI imaging workflow to minimize external contamination. Several mass spectrometers such as discovery workflow in full scan TOF mode on the MRT and Cyclic mass spectrometers as well as targeted workflow using MRM acquisition mode on the DESI XS Xevo TQ Absolute MS were compared. Finally the benefit of ion mobility separation for the MSI analysis of PFAS is described. 61% and 55% of the PFAS compounds were detected as low as 10 ng/mL spotted on tissue when analyzed by negative mode DESI in discovery full scan MS acquisition mode. The targeted MRM workflow is the most sensitive system with 77% of the PFAS compounds detected as low as 10 ng/mL spotted on tissue.Join us to learn how these technologies are transforming PFAS analysis, helping laboratories meet the growing demand for more efficient and accurate testing.<blockquote>Presenter: Dr. Stuart Adams (Principal Scientist, Market Development, Food and Environmental Applications, Europe, Waters Corporation)Stuart has been developing methods for the determination of contaminants in food and the environment for over 17 years and has been with Waters Corporation since 2018. Stuart's previous role was as a senior analytical chemist at Fera (the UK’s National Reference Laboratory) and moved to Waters to focus on application development in the European region. He now serves as the attached scientist to the European Market Development team responsible for the food and environmental application areas. In his role, he works with customers to understand their analytical challenges and helps address them with Waters technologies.Presenter: Kari Organtini, Ph.D. (Principal Scientist, Food &amp; Environmental, Waters Corporation)Kari Organtini is a senior scientist at WatersCorporation and has been with the company for five years. She received her PhD from Penn State University in 2015 studying the occurrence of dioxins and furans in fire debris and their implications to first responder health. At Waters, Kari is part of the food and environmental applications team. Kari has developed applications using both LC and GC techniques for a variety of applications ranging from pesticides to persistent organic pollutants during her career. She is currently the scientific lead for developing PFAS applications at Waters.Presenter: Emanuelle Claude (Consulting Scientist D&amp;C Imaging, Waters Corporation)Miss Emmanuelle Claude (Master in Fine Chemistry and Business and M.Phil in spectroscopy analysis in organic chemistry and biology) is currently a Consulting scientist in the Scientific Operations Department, Wilmslow, UK.She started at Waters Corporation in October 2000 as an Application Chemist in the Proteomics and Genomics Marketing group, developing automated Peptide Mass Fingerprint (PMF) MS methods using a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer.Over the years she developed several methods in the proteomics analytical space using MALDI TOF and naturally moved in starting the development of Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) at Waters corporation over 15 years ago.She has been involved with hardware and software R&amp;D to ensure that the solutions are fit-for-purpose for the MSI community and beyond. She has worked extensively with the main MSI leaders in Europe and the US such as Prof Heeren in the Netherlands, Prof Clench, Prof Takats and Bunch in the UK and Prof Caprioli in the US. She has been a Principal Scientist since 2014 and became a Consulting scientist in 2021 and is part of the MS imaging application team at Waters where data are generated for collaborations and marketing activities (i.e. application literature, customer presentation, papers, posters...), hardware and software requirements are defined for the R&amp;D teams. The team evaluates and develops new applications &amp; methods for imaging by both MALDI and DESI mass spectrometry, support sales with customers visit and demonstration laboratory worldwide.Presenter: Ken Rosnack (Principal Market Development Manager, Waters Corporation)Ken Rosnack is a Principal Market Development Manager in the Testing &amp; Lab Services Group for Waters Corporation. His primary focus is within regulated and routine LC-MS/MS environmental market where he is responsible for world-wide strategy implementation and performance. He maintains collaborations within regulatory agencies as well as with global industrial partners. Over his career, Ken has been primary author on numerous publications, been an invited speaker multi-nationally, and has presented at many conferences. He has been involved with MS for the past 40 years.</blockquote>

Waters Corporation: Advancements in Targeted Quantitation of PFAS

Advancements in Targeted Quantitation of PFAS

Learn how technologies are transforming PFAS analysis, helping laboratories meet the growing demand for more efficient and accurate testing.

<h3>Session #2 - Innovative Approaches in HRMS and Software for PFAS Analysis</h3>We are excited to invite you to our upcoming webinar, where we will explore the latest advancements in PFAS analysis through innovative screening methods and technologies. Our expert speakers will cover various approaches to enhance the detection and identification of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).<h4>1. Nontarget Screening workflow (NTS) for the Analysis of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) using High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)</h4><ul><li>Presented by Hania Khoury-Hollins</li></ul>This session will focus on using HRMS as an effective tool to detect both regulated and non-regulated PFAS. We’ll explore the UNIFI™ screening workflow and discuss the use of comprehensive PFAS libraries to improve detection capabilities.<h4>2. Untargeted Screening for PFAS Chemicals Using Comprehensive Feature Detection</h4><ul><li>Presented by Jeff Goshawk</li></ul>Discover how advanced feature detection methods can identify a wide range of PFAS chemicals, including those not covered by traditional reference standards. This talk will highlight techniques to detect novel PFAS-like chemicals, providing a broader understanding of total organic fluorine content in samples.<h4>3. Elevating Specificity and Identification Confidence for PFAS Liquid Chromatography and Cyclic Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry</h4><ul><li>Presented by Michael McCullagh</li></ul>Learn how cyclic ion mobility (cIM) enhances the separation and identification of PFAS isomers. By using this method, we can achieve greater specificity and reduce analysis time, providing insights into PFAS exposure and its potential health impacts.Join us to learn how these cutting-edge approaches are revolutionizing PFAS detection and analysis, offering more accurate and efficient solutions for environmental monitoring and public health protection.<blockquote>Presenter: Hania Khoury-Hollins (Principal Scientist, Waters Corporation)Hania Khoury-Hollins is a scientist and researcher at Waters Corporation. She holds a bachelor’s degree in science, which laid the foundation for her scientific pursuits. In 2001, Hania earned her master’s degree in Toxicology, deepening her understanding of the impact of chemicals on living organisms. In 2005 she successfully defended her Ph.D. in physical chemistry from University René Descartes - Paris V (France). After undertaking several different projects in academia Hania spent some time working at Agilent before joining Waters.At Waters, her work revolves around developing cutting-edge analytical techniques and their applications with a focus on Liquid Chromatography coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Her expertise encompasses a diverse range of applications, including drug development, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics. More recently, Hania has been developing applications strategies for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).Presenter:&nbsp;Mike McCullagh (Consulting Scientist, Waters Corporation)Michael has worked at Waters Corporation for over 23 years. His main focus has been non-targeted analysis using time of flight mass spectrometry and ion mobility mass spectrometry. Michael has made contributions to various teams, including Food and Environmental, MS Evaluation, Life Science, Scientific Operations, the Advanced Mass Spectrometry Team and currently in Research, Development and Advanced Testing. Research has been performed across multiple application areas including, impurity profiling, pesticide screening, natural products, food analysis, metabolite identification and more recently non-targeted PFAS analysis. Having worn a number of different “hats”, the common thread has been the privileged opportunity to work with new technologies, new informatics solutions and to collaborate with industry and global collaborative partners, to forge a path to new discoveries and contribute to solutions to analytical challenges across multiple disciplines.Presenter:&nbsp;Jeff Goshawk (Consulting Scientist, Waters Corporation)Jeff is a Consulting Scientist at Waters Corporation and has been with the company for twenty-four years. Jeff started his career at Waters as a software developer working on MassLynx and its associated application managers. Jeff subsequently transitioned into the applications development group where he joined the toxicology team as a Principal Scientist. Jeff is now back in the software development world at Waters, and is currently working on the Pattern Analysis Application.Presenter:&nbsp;Frank L. Dorman, PhD, FRSC (Principal Environmental Market Manager, Waters Corporation)Frank Dorman is currently Senior Business Development Manager for Waters focusing on their global environmental business and, concurrently, Associate Professor (adjunct) in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BMB) at Penn State University in University Park, PA. In his role at Waters, Frank manages the research-focused environmental market, external collaborations and also interfaces with R&amp;D for new product development. Prior to Waters, Frank was employed full-time as a tenure-line Faculty member of Penn State and served as a member of the Graduate Faculty in: Biochemistry, Microbiology and Molecular Biology (BMMB), Chemistry (CHEM) and the Programs in Forensics Science (FRNSC), and Biogeochemistry (BGC). Frank is also a member of the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis at Penn State. Frank’s scientific interests are in gas and liquid chromatography fundamental characterization, instrumentation and column development, as well and mass spectrometry and atomic spectroscopy as applied to trace analysis in complex sample matrices. This work is directed towards environmental forensics, traditional forensic chemistry and where environmental exposure events may contribute to human disease; an area sometimes referred to as “exposomics”.Prior to joining the faculty at PSU, Frank was at Restek Corporation for 14 years as the Director of Technical Development, and R&amp;D Senior Chemist. During most of this same time, Frank was also an Adjunct Research Professor at Juniata College where he maintained an active undergraduate research program. Prior to that he was at Inchcape Testing Services for 5 years as a Senior Chemist, Organics Section Manager for Sample Preparation and Corporate Methods Development Chemist. As such, Frank has extensive experience in both the Industrial and Academic sectors giving him a relatively rare combination of skills and experience.</blockquote>

Waters Corporation: Innovative Approaches in HRMS and Software for PFAS Analysis

Innovative Approaches in HRMS and Software for PFAS Analysis

Learn how these cutting-edge approaches are revolutionizing PFAS detection and analysis, offering more accurate and efficient solutions.

Today, tomorrow, and forever – PFAS, the “forever chemical”, have emerged as one of the greatest public health concerns of our time, infiltrating our environment and food supply. Herein, join us on Digital Classrooms for an in-depth exploration of PFAS, tracing their origins in everyday consumer products and examining their potential health implications.Our experts, Dr Yap Siew Qi and Elton Goh, will guide you through this critical topic, exploring the regulatory landscape with insights into EFSA and FDA guidelines. They will also introduce Shimadzu's innovative LC-MS/MS solutions, featuring the latest LCMS-TQ RX series. Discover how their robustness, sensitivity, and accuracy can enable effective detection of PFAS in complex food and environmental samples.Let’s work together to overcome global PFAS challenges. Register now to stay informed on this pressing issue!<h5>Learning Objectives:</h5><ul><li>Understand the implications of PFAS presence in food and environment &nbsp;</li><li>Navigate the evolving regulatory landscape for PFAS &nbsp;</li><li>Discover the capabilities of Shimadzu LCMS-TQ RX to detect PFAS in food and environmental samples</li></ul><blockquote>Presenter: Goh Wan Yu Elton (Market Specialist Food, Shimadzu (Asia Pacific) Pte Ltd)Elton is a dedicated and experienced Food Market Specialist at Shimadzu, bringing over nine years of expertise in food safety and analytical chemistry to his role. His career began at the Singapore Food Regulatory Board, where he spent seven years honing his skills and developing a profound understanding of regulatory standards and testing protocols. With a passion for knowledge and innovation, Elton transitioned to the private sector, contributing significantly to the advancement of analytical techniques and the development of novel food safety solutions during his two-year tenure at a research and development centre.Now at Shimadzu, Elton continues to excel, leveraging his expertise to develop cutting-edge analytical methods for detecting and quantifying various compounds in food products. His commitment to food science is evident in his efforts to enhance safety standards, build consumer trust, and make meaningful contributions to the global food industry.Presenter:&nbsp;Yap Siew Qi (LCMS Product Specialist, Shimadzu (Asia Pacific) Pte Ltd)Yap Siew Qi is an experienced professional in analytical chemistry, with a strong focus on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). Her career commenced as a Research Assistant at the NUS Life Sciences Institute, where she acquired substantial experience in scientific research and laboratory techniques. This role was pivotal in developing her comprehensive understanding of life sciences, setting the stage for her future contributions to analytical chemistry and instrumentation.In 2022, her journey continued at Shimadzu (Asia Pacific), where she joined as an Application Chemist, focusing on LC/LCMS. In this capacity, she refined her expertise in LCMS technology, delivering prompt application support and technical solutions for the customers. Her exceptional skills and knowledge in LCMS soon led to her advancement to the position of Product Specialist. In this role, she continues to provide specialized knowledge and support, demonstrating her dedication to the progression of analytical chemistry and her proficiency in applying innovative technology within the field.Presenter:&nbsp;Mr. Ramaswamy Parthiban (Assistant Vice President, TUV SUD South Asia)Mr. R Parthiban has a robust background in operations management and quality assurance within the testing, inspection, and certification industry. He currently serves as AVP at TUV SUD South Asia, a position he has held since March 2022. Prior to this, he was the National Head at Prime Certification &amp; Inspection from April 2020 to June 2021. His experience also includes a significant role as Director of Operations at ALS Testing Services India Pvt Ltd from July 2018 to March 2020, where he led strategic initiatives and operational excellence.Earlier in his career, Mr. Parthiban held leadership roles including VP Operations at Merieux NutriSciences and Laboratory Manager for Chemistry at Exova Bahrain/KSA. His extensive experience in the industry is complemented by his earlier positions as Senior Manager at Coca-Cola and Laboratory Manager at SGS India Private Ltd. He began his career as a Research Associate at the John F. Welch Technology Center and ITC R&amp;D Center, eventually progressing to an Executive role in Quality Assurance at Sanmar Speciality Chemicals Ltd. Mr. Parthiban's career is marked by his expertise in quality systems, operational management, and strategic leadership in both national and international contexts.</blockquote>

Shimadzu: Discover The Latest LC-MS/MS Innovations For PFAS Challenges

Discover The Latest LC-MS/MS Innovations For PFAS Challenges

Discover how their robustness, sensitivity, and accuracy can enable effective detection of PFAS in complex food and environmental samples.

Understanding disease at a biological level requires deep, precise analysis. Multi-omics assays provide this depth, offering critical insights into human health and disease progression. However, these advanced methods come with challenges—especially when it comes to standardization and reproducibility.<h4>Join us for an informative webinar and panel discussion where we will:</h4><ul><li>Explore Quantitative Metabolomics: Discover how this powerful approach distinguishes health from disease and unlocks new insights into biological mechanisms.&nbsp;</li><li>Learn About Automated Sample Preparation: Get up to speed on the latest advancements in automated workflows, including the use of kit-based LC-MS/MS for reliable metabolomics profiling.Enhance Your Research Efficiency: Understand how integrating advanced technologies can streamline the verification and monitoring of potential biomarkers, leading to more cohesive analytical workflows.</li></ul><h4>Featured Presentations</h4><ul><li>Hear from experts at the University of Minnesota and University of Surrey as they showcase real-world applications and validations of these workflows. You'll gain exclusive insights from leaders in the field who are at the forefront of metabolomics research.</li></ul><h4>Key Learning Points</h4><ul><li>Unlock the Power of Quantitative Metabolomics: Learn how this approach helps differentiate health from disease and provides crucial insights into biological processes.</li><li>Streamline Your Research: Discover how comprehensive analytical workflows can speed up the verification and monitoring of lipid and small molecule biomarkers.</li><li>Dive into Advanced Automation: Explore cutting-edge sample preparation with the Waters™ Andrew+ automated liquid handler and the biocrates MxP® Quant 500 kit, transforming targeted metabolomics studies.</li><li>Master LC-MS/MS Workflows: Gain insights into the expanded biocrates MxP® Quant 500 XL, optimized for use with the Waters Xevo™ TQ Absolute MS, for robust lipidomics and metabolomics data.</li><li>Engage with Leading Experts: Take advantage of the opportunity to interact with experts from the University of Minnesota, University of Surrey, Waters Corporation, and Biocrates.</li></ul><blockquote>Presenter: Dr Holly-May Lewis (Senior Laboratory Technician, University of Surrey, UK)Dr. Holly-May Lewis is a Senior Laboratory Technician and specialist in Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) at the University of Surrey's Chronobiology Section. With a PhD in Chemistry from the University of Surrey, she brings deep expertise in analytical chemistry to her current work, where she focuses on cutting-edge UPLC-MS/MS metabolomics of human samples.Presenter:&nbsp;Professor Debra Skene PhD (Professor of Neuroendocrinology, University of Surrey, UK)Debra J. Skene, PhD, FMedSci is a distinguished Professor of Neuroendocrinology in the Chronobiology Section at the University of Surrey, UK. With over 30 years of research experience and more than 200 peer-reviewed publications, her work focuses on the human circadian timing system and related sleep/wake disorders, particularly in blind individuals, shift workers, and older adults. Currently, her research explores the links between circadian clocks, sleep, and metabolism in both health and disease, utilizing advanced metabolomics techniquesPresenter:&nbsp;Dr Zachary J Mayer (Research Scientist at the Center for Metabolomics and Proteomics (CMSP), University of Minnesota)Dr Zachary Mayer is a Research Scientist at the Center for Metabolomics and Proteomics (CMSP) at the University of Minnesota, specializing in high-throughput targeted metabolomics by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), sample preparation, and laboratory automation.</blockquote>

Waters Corporation: LC-MS/MS Workflows for Kit Based Quantitative Metabolic Profiling

LC-MS/MS Workflows for Kit Based Quantitative Metabolic Profiling

Multi-omics assays provide this depth, offering critical insights into human health and disease progression.

LC-MS/MS Workflows for Kit Based Quantitative Metabolic

The presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in food supply chains is a growing concern due to their environmental persistence and potential health risks.As awareness increases, the demand for effective regulations and advanced analytical methods for detecting PFAS in food is critical. In this webinar hosted by Agilent in association with AOAC India Section, we will explore the current PFAS contamination landscape, regulatory frameworks, and the latest analytical solutions.The session will cover PFAS characteristics and the challenges they present to food safety. We will examine global and regional regulations, with a focus on evolving standards in India and the South Asia Pacific region. Also, the webinar will highlight advanced analytical approaches for different food matrices like seafood, eggs, meat, infant formula, packaging material, including sample preparation, instrumentation, and reporting essential for effective PFAS detection. Agilent's robust LC/MS and GC/MS PFAS testing solutions will be showcased along with the Captiva EMR sample preparation kit, demonstrating how they can help food manufacturers, exporters, and regulatory bodies ensure compliance with global standards.<h4>Learning outcomes:</h4><ul><li>Comprehensive understanding of PFAS characteristics and the regulatory landscape across global and regional markets, including India and the South Asia Pacific.</li><li>Advanced analytical techniques for PFAS detection in food, covering sample preparation, instrumentation, and reporting methodologies.</li><li>Practical insights into implementing PFAS testing solutions to ensure compliance with international food safety standards.</li></ul><h4>Who should attend:</h4><ul><li>Food scientists, analytical chemists, regulatory authorities, government lab personnel, industry professionals in food manufacturing, packaging, exporting, R&amp;D scientists, toxicologists, QA/QC analysts and managers, academicians, and researchers focused on PFAS analysis and food safety.</li></ul><blockquote>Presenter: Dr. Nick Birse (Lecturer, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK)Nick Birse is a Lecturer in Mass Spectrometry at Queen’s University Belfast, where he focuses on the use of mass spectrometry to solve key food integrity challenges, such as the measurement of chemical contaminants and natural toxins, fingerprinting foods to determine geographic origin and help detect fraud, or simply to measure key quality, flavour and taste attributes, all of which makes foods tastier, healthier and safer for consumers. Nick previously served as a Research Fellow within Prof Chris Elliott’s research group, assisting in the execution of Chris’s 2021 Agilent Thought Leader Award. He holds a PhD in Analytical Chemistry from Queen’s University Belfast.Presenter:&nbsp;Dr. Niladri Sekhar Chatterjee (Senior Scientist and DST Inspire Fellow, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, India)Dr. Niladri has more than 10 years of experience in precision measurement of small molecules in food, biological, and environmental matrices. His doctoral research is on pesticide metabolism, and environmental fate in crop, soil, and water. His postdoctoral research is on seafood authentication using high resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and molecular spectroscopy fingerprinting. He currently works as a Senior Scientist in the Biochemistry and Nutrition Division at ICAR Central Institute of Fisheries in Kochi. At CIFT, he has been instrumental in establishing a state-of-the-art analytical chemistry laboratory from scratch which is today one of the National Reference Laboratories. He has received external grants from the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) India, National Agricultural Science Fund, and FSSAI. In the NRL, he has developed and validated precision measurement methods for multiclass analysis of pesticides, antibiotic residues, and endocrine disruptors and is actively managing the ISO 17025 accreditation of the laboratory. His research work has resulted in several peer reviewed publications.Presenter:&nbsp;Dr. Lorna De-Leoz (Global Food Segment Director, Agilent Technologies, USA)Lorna De Leoz has nearly 20 years of experience in the food industry. As the Global Food Segment Director, she collaborates with scientists to help develop accurate and reliable testing for food safety, quality, and authenticity. Lorna worked at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the Mass Spectrometry Data Center for seven years. She completed her Ph.D. in Chemistry at University of California, Davis on milk oligosaccharides and glycan biomarkers analyses.</blockquote>

Agilent Technologies: PFAS in Food Supply Chains: Regulations and Analytical Approaches: in association with AOAC India Section

PFAS in Food Supply Chains: Regulations and Analytical Approaches: in association with AOAC India Section

PFAS characteristics and the challenges they present to food safety.

PFAS in Food Supply Chains: Regulations and Analytical

Day one: Innovation and data insights<ul><li>Discover how to achieve high sensitivity, speed, and resilience when working with large, complex sample sets</li><li>Learn strategies to speed up your covalent protein drug discovery</li><li>Gain insights into accelerating the development of multiple modalities</li><li>Understand the latest advancements in quantitative proteomics with ZT Scan DIA</li><li>Overcome limitations with cutting-edge artificial intelligence quantitation software</li></ul>Agenda-at-a-glanceWelcome and introduction to innovation and data insights&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Advancing robustness and serviceability of a high-end triple quad mass spectrometer in a high-throughput bioanalytical lab<ul><li>Highly sensitive mass spectrometers allow the advanced bioanalytical labs of today to achieve the LOQ required of potent biologic drugs and provide maximum flexibility in choice of sample prep techniques. However robust mass spectrometers are crucial for several reasons:<ul><li>Aid in ensuring the consistent quantitative performance of an assay</li><li>Effectively allow a lab to meet their project timelines</li><li>Are essential for handling the inherent variability of analyzing diverse molecules and diverse samples required for bioanalysis</li></ul></li></ul>The new fast in drug discovery: a new MS system to study covalent protein drugs<ul><li>The combination of a super-fast sampling interface with the highly sensitive ZenoTOF 7600 system makes it an ideal system for evaluating covalent binding screens. Main findings in our experiments using the Echo® MS+ system:<ul><li>Speed: measurements from a full 384-well plate in 15 min or 1536-well plate in less than one hour</li><li>Precision: low injection volume supports repetitive measurements and time series; capture full kinetic data set in one experiment</li><li>Quality: high data quality allows for full automated processing, delivering immediate hitlist output</li></ul></li></ul>icIEF-UV/MS characterization of charge Isoforms for biotherapeutic products<ul><li>Characterization of icIEF charge isoforms, whether in early product development or associated with licensure filings, is usually achieved through ion exchange (IEX) liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. icIEF-MS technology has recently emerged to enable the direct characterization of specific species in the icIEF electropherogram, eliminating the need for extensive method development.<ul><li>Discover opportunities to advance core platform technologies with novel characterization approaches</li><li>Hear case studies on understanding molecular structure information</li><li>New approaches to characterizing post-translational modifications of charge isoforms</li></ul></li></ul>Expanding qualitative and quantitative sensitivity for immunopeptidomics using ZT Scan DIA<ul><li>Learn how utilizing a research-grade Zeno-trap time-of-flight LC-MS system can advance current applications in immunopeptidomics and proteomics, including:<ul><li>What is ZT Scan DIA, the technology and how it benefits data acquisition</li><li>Preliminary proteomics and immunopeptidomics results using ZT Scan DIA</li><li>Future applications of immunopeptidomics using ZT Scan DIA</li></ul></li></ul>Artificial intelligence quantitation (AI quant): molecular structure and mass spectral data quality driven processing of high-resolution mass spectrometry for quantitative analysi<ul><li>High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has long sought to be a viable alternative for quantitative workflows but has been unable to broadly compete, mainly due to the lack of suitable data processing software. In this work we describe:<ul><li>A molecular structure-dependent workflow</li><li>The holistic and user-independent processesing of HRMS data</li><li>The automatic quantification of small drug-like molecules</li></ul></li></ul>Q&amp;A roundtable: innovation and data insights with the experts<ul><li>Moderated by: Jamie Wighton, Senior Director LC-MS Research, SCIEX</li><li>Panelists include:<ul><li>Rathna Veeramachaneni, Director, Biopharma LC-MS/MS, KCAS Bio</li><li>Xiaping He, Senior Scientist, Pfizer</li><li>Markus Stöckli, Senior Principal Scientist, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research</li><li>Tony Purcell, Professor, Monash University&nbsp;</li><li>Kevin Bateman, Retired Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism Expert</li></ul></li></ul><blockquote>Moderator: Jamie Wighton (Senior Director LC-MS Research, SCIEX)Jamie joined SCIEX 20 years ago and has held multiple technical and leadership roles throughout his career at SCIEX. &nbsp;Starting out as an engineer in manufacturing operations, Jamie has since led teams in supply chain, product development, and most recently the research and product applications teams within R&amp;D. Prior to joining SCIEX, Jamie worked at JDS Uniphase as an optical test engineer.Jamie holds a B.Sc. in engineering physics from Queen’s University.Presenter: Rathna Veeramachaneni (Director, Biopharma LC-MS/MS, KCAS Bioanalytical)Presenter: Markus Stöckli, Senior Principal Scientist, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchPresenter: Xiaoping He, Senior Scientst, PfizerPresenter: Tony Purcell, Professor, Monash UniversityPresenter: Kevin Bateman, Retired Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism Expert</blockquote>

SCIEX summit Day one: Innovation and data insights

Importance of LC-MS in food and environmental testing, pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical discovery and development and biomedical and omics research.

<h4>The Waters 2024 Virtual Summer School - An Educational Journey to Master Food &amp; Environmental Analysis</h4>Unlock the full potential of LC-MS techniques with our immersive and educational sessions at the Waters Virtual F&amp;E Late Summer School 2024. From September 24th to 26th, engage with leading experts and discover cutting-edge methods for environmental and food analysis.<h5>Why attend?</h5><ul><li>Comprehensive Learning: Dive deep into advanced LC-MS techniques and gain practical knowledge to enhance your laboratory's analytical capabilities.</li><li>Expert Insights: Learn from industry leaders and gain firsthand experience through detailed modules on chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation.</li><li>Regulatory Compliance: Stay ahead with the latest insights on EU regulations for PFAS analysis in food and water, ensuring your lab meets stringent standards.</li></ul><h3>Episode #2: Tandem Quadrupole MS and MS-Method Development | F&amp;E Summer School - Day 1 - Module 2</h3>In this episode it’s all about the tandem quadrupole mass specs and the setup of MS-methods. We will demonstrate, using actual hardware, how simple it is to prevent contamination or clean a system, regardless of whether it’s at the low or high end of the sensitivity spectrum. You will learn valuable tips and tricks about UniSpray, a unique ion source and alternative to ESI.With our new waters_connect for Quantitation software, we will guide you through the different stages of MS-method development. You will learn how straightforward automated compound optimization can be, and how intuitively the new Method Acquisition Editor can be utilized by operators providing a clear structured all in one view of compounds and parameters. Search options make it easy to navigate through large multi-residue methods. And in the end, you are just one click away from the processing method that will be the topic of Episode 4.<h5>What you'll learn:</h5><ul><li>Easy operation and maintenance of Waters TQ-MS systems</li><li>Usage and benefits of UniSpray ion source</li><li>Step by step MS-method development with waters_connect for Quantitation</li></ul><blockquote>Presenter:&nbsp;Benjamin Wuyts, PhD (Senior Solution Support Specialist Europe, Waters Corporation)Benjamin initially joined Waters as an application chemist working in the Belgian demo lab, performing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry demonstrations, support and training. In 2016 Benjamin became a European application chemist focusing on projects to support emerging applications. Benjamin has been focused over several years in establishing the Waters solution to the analysis of polar anionic pesticides, utilising novel column phases and LC-MS/MS technologies.</blockquote>

Waters Corporation: The Waters 2024 Virtual Summer School

Tandem Quadrupole MS and MS-Method Development

In this episode it’s all about the tandem quadrupole mass specs and the setup of MS-methods.

<h4>The Waters 2024 Virtual Summer School - An Educational Journey to Master Food &amp; Environmental Analysis</h4>Unlock the full potential of LC-MS techniques with our immersive and educational sessions at the Waters Virtual F&amp;E Late Summer School 2024. From September 24th to 26th, engage with leading experts and discover cutting-edge methods for environmental and food analysis.<h5>Why attend?</h5><ul><li>Comprehensive Learning: Dive deep into advanced LC-MS techniques and gain practical knowledge to enhance your laboratory's analytical capabilities.</li><li>Expert Insights: Learn from industry leaders and gain firsthand experience through detailed modules on chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation.</li><li>Regulatory Compliance: Stay ahead with the latest insights on EU regulations for PFAS analysis in food and water, ensuring your lab meets stringent standards.</li></ul><h3>Episode #4: Chromatography - APGC | F&amp;E Summer School - Day 1 - Module 4</h3>Discover the advantages of GC coupled to MS under atmospheric pressure (Atmospheric Pressure GC/ APGC) as a powerful alternative to electron ionization (EI) for GC-MS. Gain a comprehensive understanding of the APGC technology and its operational principles. Explore why APGC offers higher sensitivity, selectivity, and robustness compared to traditional EI methods. Maximize versatility and efficiency by understanding how to achieve both LC and GC capabilities on the same MS system as well as using nitrogen as an alternative carrier gas.<h5>What you'll learn:</h5><ul><li>How APGC works</li><li>Enhanced performance over classic EI-GC</li><li>Ease of use and implementation in the lab</li><li>Usage of nitrogen as GC carrier gas</li></ul><blockquote>Presenter:&nbsp;Frank L. Dorman, PhD, FRSC (Principal Environmental Market Manager, Waters Corporation)Frank Dorman is currently Senior Business Development Manager for Waters focusing on their global environmental business and, concurrently, Associate Professor (adjunct) in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BMB) at Penn State University in University Park, PA. In his role at Waters, Frank manages the research-focused environmental market, external collaborations and also interfaces with R&amp;D for new product development. Prior to Waters, Frank was employed full-time as a tenure-line Faculty member of Penn State and served as a member of the Graduate Faculty in: Biochemistry, Microbiology and Molecular Biology (BMMB), Chemistry (CHEM) and the Programs in Forensics Science (FRNSC), and Biogeochemistry (BGC). Frank is also a member of the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis at Penn State. Frank’s scientific interests are in gas and liquid chromatography fundamental characterization, instrumentation and column development, as well and mass spectrometry and atomic spectroscopy as applied to trace analysis in complex sample matrices. This work is directed towards environmental forensics, traditional forensic chemistry and where environmental exposure events may contribute to human disease; an area sometimes referred to as “exposomics”.Prior to joining the faculty at PSU, Frank was at Restek Corporation for 14 years as the Director of Technical Development, and R&amp;D Senior Chemist. During most of this same time, Frank was also an Adjunct Research Professor at Juniata College where he maintained an active undergraduate research program. Prior to that he was at Inchcape Testing Services for 5 years as a Senior Chemist, Organics Section Manager for Sample Preparation and Corporate Methods Development Chemist. As such, Frank has extensive experience in both the Industrial and Academic sectors giving him a relatively rare combination of skills and experience.Presenter:&nbsp;Janitha De-Alwis (Senior Applications Chemist, European Applications Team, Food and Environmental, Waters Corporation)JD has worked in the chromatography industry for over 10 years and has recently joined Waters Corporation as a senior applications chemist. Prior to joining Waters, JD managed a group at a leading food research and contract organisation. Here, JD helped the food, drink and associated industriesproactivelyand reactively in the area of chemical toxins.As a senior applications chemist, JD now develops new applications with Waters technologies and helps customers with their critical analytical challenges.</blockquote>

Chromatography - APGC

Discover the advantages of GC coupled to MS under atmospheric pressure (APGC) as a powerful alternative to electron ionization (EI) for GC-MS.

PFAS testing has become one of the most important topics facing food and environmental laboratories over the last two years.&nbsp;Phenomenex and SCIEX have worked with collaborators to overcome the significant challenges of such analyses, and now offer extremely sensitive and robust LC-MS/MS and sample preparation solutions, with methods and software which are ready to implement.<h4>Key Learning Points</h4><ul><li>Background to PFAS and their regulations</li><li>System Settings and requirements</li><li>Correct HPLC column choice</li><li>Sample Preparation strategies from various matrices</li><li>PFAS as ubiquitous contaminants - Inerting the system</li><li>A sensitive and robust method applicable to water and food sample</li><li>Some insight about designed for PFAS products</li></ul><h4>Who should attend</h4><ul><li>LC/MS or Sample Prep Users, working with several matrices that want to get tips on PFAS method development or on improving their method.</li></ul><blockquote>Presenter: Jianru Stahl-Zeng, Dr.&nbsp; (Senior Technical Marketing Manager EMEAI, SCIEX)Jianru has been part of SCIEX since 2001. She initially was part of our application Support team and covered not only proteomics but also small molecules applications. Jianru moved to technical marketing and focused on Food and Environmental applications.Since 2018, she is managing the EMEAI technical marketing team and projects. Jianru is also the Global Technical Leader for Food and &nbsp;Environmental application.Presenter:&nbsp;Duilio Romanello (Senior Technical Specialist, Phenomenex)Duilio has been working with Phenomenex since 2008. Since 2010 he has been Product Specialist for the GC and SPE lines and then Account Manager for the South of Italy. Since November 2023 he is covering the role of Senior Technical Specialist.He has acquired experience in the Food and Environmental sectors by collaborating with important companies in the industry and providing technical support for the development of method optimization, guidance on applications and troubleshooting, assistance in choosing columns for HPLC, Gas Chromatography (GC), SFC and SPE.</blockquote>

Phenomenex: Advanced strategies in LC/MS/MS for the clean-up and the analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in various matrices

Advanced strategies in LC/MS/MS for the clean-up and the analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in various matrices

Extremely sensitive and robust LC-MS/MS and sample preparation solutions, with methods and software which are ready to implement.

LCMS webinars focusing on LC/QQQ - page 16