Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed when drinking water is chlorinated to remove microbial contents. Chlorine reacts with naturally occurring organic and inorganic matters (decaying vegetation) in water leading to formation of DBPs that include HAAs. There are nine different HAAs anticipated, of which five HAAs are currently regulated: monochloroacetic acid (MCAA), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), monobromoacetic acid (MBA), and dibromoacetic acid (DBA). The remaining four HAAs, which are not regulated, include bromochloroacetic acid (BCAA), bromodichloroacetic acid (BDCAA), dibromochloroacetic acid (DBCAA) and tribromoacitic acid (TBAA). However, they are also of health concern and are often analyzed along with five regulated HAAs.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_New_Column_for_Fast_Analysis_of_Haloacetic_Acids_Bromate_and_Dalapon_Using_Ion_Chromatography_Coupled_with_Mass_Spectrometry_c99b1d5940.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: New Column for Fast Analysis of Haloacetic Acids, Bromate and Dalapon Using Ion Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_New_Column_for_Fast_Analysis_of_Haloacetic_Acids_Bromate_and_Dalapon_Using_Ion_Chromatography_Coupled_with_Mass_Spectrometry_c99b1d5940.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1200" height="600">According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), there is increased risk of cancer associated with long-term consumption of water containing a level of HAAs that exceeds 0.06 mg/L. EPA methods 552.1, 552.2, and 552.3 are used to determine all 9 HAAs in drinking water and require derivatization and multiple extraction steps followed by gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (ECD). In comparison to the GC method, the combination of ion chromatography and mass spectrometry (IC-MS) provides sensitive and rapid analysis without the need for sample pre-treatment. To facilitate a simple and easy-to-use direct injection method, the U.S. EPA published EPA Method 557 for the analysis of haloacetic acids, bromate, and dalapon in drinking water by IC-MS/MS.<h4>Column selection for HAAs analysis</h4>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/064153">Thermo Scientific Dionex IonPac AS24 column</a> was specifically designed to separate HAAs from the matrix components (chloride, nitrate, carbonate, and sulfate) in drinking water samples. The Dionex IonPac AS24 column provides high capacity, allowing large loop injection of complex samples without overloading the column, while maintaining excellent peak shapes for lower concentration analytes, which eliminates the need for sample pretreatment when analyzing HAAs in high-ionic strength matrices. The Dionex IonPac AS24 column (in 250 mm × 2 mm i.d. format) was the first column written into EPA Method 557. While the Dionex IonPac AS24 column meets all the requirements for EPA Method 557, the analysis time for this column is close to 1 hour. For increasing the sample throughput, it was advantageous to design a new column for the HAAs analysis to reduce overall run time, therefore, research and development efforts were focused on designing a new high-capacity column with optimized selectivity to allow direct injection of high ionic strength samples and reduced analysis time closer to 30 minutes.That new column, launched under the name of Thermo Scientific Dionex IonPac AS31 column, was designed to provide optimum selectivity for 9 HAAs relative to matrix ions at 15°C for reproducible recoveries of HAAs and to allow chloride, carbonate, and sulfate to elute as a single peak (Figure 1) with an optimum hydroxide eluent gradient profile. Advanced stationary phase chemistry resulting in unique selectivity helped to reduce the analysis time without compromising column capacity and provided the opportunity to divert high concentration matrix anions from the MS source, thus avoiding signal suppression in mass spectrometry detection. The column capacity of the Dionex IonPac AS31 column is comparable to that of the Dionex IonPac AS24 column, thus also enabling large loop injection of high concentration samples without straining the column while preserving superb peak shapes and resolution for all 9 HAAs.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Figure_1_Comparison_of_Dionex_Ion_Pac_AS_31_and_Dionex_Ion_Pac_AS_24_column_sets_5176eee9c3.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Figure 1 - Comparison of Dionex IonPac AS31 and Dionex IonPac AS24 column sets" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Figure_1_Comparison_of_Dionex_Ion_Pac_AS_31_and_Dionex_Ion_Pac_AS_24_column_sets_5176eee9c3.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1200" height="600">One of the key advantages is that Dionex IonPac AS31 column provides approximately 39% shorter run times relative to the Dionex IonPac AS24 column, reducing U.S. EPA Method 557 run time from 57 minutes to approximately 35 minutes.Since the release of Dionex IonPac AS31 column, several application notes have been published to take advantage of this column for the analysis of HAAs, bromate and dalapon (Table 1). As demonstrated in AN73343, the Dionex IonPac AS31 column meets or exceeds the EPA Method 557 requirements using the Thermo Scientific TSQ Fortis MS.<ul><li>AN 73342: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_73342_ic_ms_haloacetic_acids_bromate_dalapon_water_an73342_en_4d427888a7.pdf">Determination of low-level haloacetic acids, bromate, and dalapon in drinking water using IC-MS</a></li><li>AN 73343: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_73343_ic_ms_haloacetic_acids_bromate_dalapon_water_an73343_en_cda05a3077/an-73343-ic-ms-haloacetic-acids-bromate-dalapon-water-an73343-en.pdf">Fast determination of nine haloacetic acids, bromate, and dalapon at trace levels in drinking water samples by tandem IC-MS/MS</a></li><li>AN 73390: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_73390_ic_hram_haloacetic_acids_bromate_dalapon_drinking_water_an73390_en_a8ad5bfa8b/an-73390-ic-hram-haloacetic-acids-bromate-dalapon-drinking-water-an73390-en.pdf">Determination of haloacetic acids, bromate, and dalapon in drinking water using ion chromatography coupled to high-resolution accurate-mass (IC-HRAM) mass spectrometry</a></li></ul>The unique selectivity and high capacity of the Dionex IonPac AS31 column makes it an ideal column for the development of specialized applications. Using gradient elution with KOH eluent, this column provides excellent separation of environmental anions including inorganic anions, oxyhalides, oxyanions, and organic acids (Figure 2).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Figure_2_Capabilities_of_the_Dionex_Ion_Pac_AS_31_column_Ion_Chromatography_and_Mass_Spectrometry_for_HA_As_analysis_fee630bf87.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Figure 2 - Capabilities of the Dionex IonPac AS31 column Ion Chromatography &amp; Mass Spectrometry for HAAs analysis" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Figure_2_Capabilities_of_the_Dionex_Ion_Pac_AS_31_column_Ion_Chromatography_and_Mass_Spectrometry_for_HA_As_analysis_fee630bf87.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="512">To fully utilize the advantages of Dionex IonPac AS31 column and support its backpressure under the standard operating conditions, it is recommended to use <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/410">Thermo Scientific Dionex ICS-6000 HPIC system</a> equipped with an electrolytic eluent generator and Low Temperature DC Detector/Chromatography Compartment capable of maintaining a column temperature of 15 °C. Samples can be injected directly for trace HAAs analysis. &nbsp;A Thermo Scientific Dionex ADRS 600 Anion Dynamically Regenerating Suppressor should be placed in line after the column to electrolytically convert hydroxide eluent into water and remove cations present in the drinking water and eluent, thus allowing connection of the IC to MS detectors. A matrix diversion valve is placed in line prior to the mass spectrometer to divert the sample matrix anions from the MS source minimizing unwanted sensitivity loss resulting from signal suppression.Respective IC-MS/MS method using the Dionex IonPac AS31 column provides a sensitive and selective solution with a high degree of automation for the rapid analysis of HAAs, bromate, and dalapon in drinking water (see <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_73343_ic_ms_haloacetic_acids_bromate_dalapon_water_an73343_en_cda05a3077/an-73343-ic-ms-haloacetic-acids-bromate-dalapon-water-an73343-en.pdf">AN73343</a>) without the need for sample pretreatment. The Dionex IonPac AS31 column can be used as direct replacement for Dionex IonPac AS24 column for the EPA Method 557 to reduce analysis time per sample, while meeting all analytical method validation requirements. The excellent resolution between the matrix peaks and haloacetic acids minimizes detection interference and ensure a cleaner ion source of the mass spectrometer.

New Column for Fast Analysis of Haloacetic Acids, Bromate and Dalapon Using Ion Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry

The year 2025 marks the golden jubilee of ion chromatography (IC), a technique that has revolutionized analytical chemistry and impacted numerous fields globally. As we celebrate 50 years of IC, it’s worth reflecting on its origins, advancements, and significant contributions to science and industry.<h3>Celebrating anniversaries with ion chromatography</h3>What is the traditional first-anniversary gift? It’s paper, which signifies a new beginning, a blank page for a new start. We see paper used everywhere, every day, but not often do we think about how it is made. Paper is made through a process of making pulp from cellulose fiber, such as wood. Chemicals are used in this process to bleach and color the paper according to demand. Ion chromatography plays an important role in analyzing inorganic anions, organic acids from the pulping process, and carbohydrates from the wood.<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://ippta.co/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/IPPTA-172-49-54-Ion-Chromatography.pdf">IPPTA Jouma12005; (No.2): Ion Chromatography – The Technique and its Applications in Pulp and Paper Industry</a></li></ul>Cotton, the gift for the second anniversary, signifies growth, as the threads intertwine to make it stronger. Cotton production relies on ion chromatography to ensure smooth processing. For example, IC is used to measure carbohydrate limits for melezitose and trehalulose deposits on cotton from insects.<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305718393_Separation_and_Quantitation_of_Plant_and_Insect_Carbohydrate_Isomers_Found_on_the_Surface_of_Cotton">AATCC Journal of Research 3(4):13-23: Separation and Quantitation of Plant and Insect Carbohydrate Isomers Found on the Surface of Cotton</a></li></ul>For the third anniversary, the traditional gift is leather for durability. For centuries, we have had leather shoes and clothing in their natural color.&nbsp; Nowadays, leather is often treated with chromium to create vibrantly-colored goods, like blue leather shoes! With the limits of hexavalent chromium getting lower for drinking water, it is also important to limit hexavalent chromium in leather, as it can affect us from direct skin contact. IC is essential for this analysis.<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/AB_107_Determination_Hexavalent_Chromium_Dyes_AN_70393_E_9417787acf/AB-107-Determination-Hexavalent-Chromium-Dyes-AN70393-E.pdf">Determination of Hexavalent Chromium in Dyes</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/AB_202_IC_Hexavalent_Chromium_Drinking_Water_AB_71978_EN_9f428dce11.pdf">Sensitive Determination of Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water Using a Compact Ion Chromatography System</a></li></ul>In the fourth year, the traditional gift can be flowers or fruits, suggesting a blossoming relationship or a fruitful journey. When we give a gift of agricultural produce, we need to think about the possible contamination of pesticides. Ionic polar pesticides are known for being challenging to analyze, often involving long and tedious sample preparation and derivatization. However, we now can simplify this analysis by using ion chromatography and mass spectrometry (IC-MS).<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://assets.thermofisher.com/TFS-Assets/CMD/brochures/br-002387-ic-icms-anionic-cationic-polar-pesticides-br002387-na-en.pdf">Accurate, Reproducible Anionic and Cationic Polar Pesticide Quantitation</a></li></ul>At 5 years, the gift is wood, representing solid longevity and wisdom. This ties back to year one with the paper. By year five, the knowledge that is written on the paper will grow into a book.Jumping to year 10, we have tin or aluminum, which symbolizes strength, durability, and perseverance. In many metal analyses, ion chromatography is not the first choice of technique until speciation is required. Post-column chemistry is often used to speciate metals while IC is chosen for its inert flow path to handle the aggressive chemicals that are used. Sometimes, it is coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer for speed and simplicity.<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/AN_69_b79a88fca9/AN69.pdf">Determination of Aluminum in Complex Matrices Using Chelation Ion Chromatography</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/AN_1142_IC_AN_71750_EN_86cac4b223/AN1142-IC-AN71750-EN.pdf">Determination of Aluminum in OTC Pharmaceutical Products</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021967314015568">Journal of Chromatography A: Speciation analysis of inorganic tin by on-column complexation ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and electrospray mass spectrometry</a></li></ul>To step up to the next big anniversary milestone, the 25th is where we go into the precious metals, silver! It symbolizes brilliance, purity, strength, and beauty. How do I associate silver with ion chromatography? Silver reference electrodes are used for cyanide analysis. This is an important test given the toxicity of inorganic cyanides.<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_000779_ic_cyanide_by_ic_ed_an000779_na_en_e0b7f9e114/an-000779-ic-cyanide-by-ic-ed-an000779-na-en.pdf">Determination of Cyanide in Alkaline Solutions Using Ion Chromatography</a></li></ul>Finally, we arrive at the golden jubilee, celebrating 50 years. Gold represents wisdom, prosperity, and strength. My understanding is half a century of learning and growth. But how does gold fit into ion chromatography? This now takes me to one of my favorite IC topics: carbohydrates! In carbohydrate analysis, a gold reference electrode is used in High-Performance Anion Exchange with Pulsed Amperometry Detection (HPAE-PAD).<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/tn_70671_ic_hpae_pad_carbohydrate_analysis_tn70671_en_ea80367749/tn-70671-ic-hpae-pad-carbohydrate-analysis-tn70671-en.pdf">Carbohydrate Analysis by High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAE-PAD)</a></li></ul>For myself, I have seen how IC has impacted the globe over the last 50 years. From environmental testing to ensure we have clean water to drink, to ensuring colorful toys are safe for our children, to understanding metabolites in our body. As I look to the future, I hope I can be here to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Ion Chromatography. I can’t wait to see what innovations come before then and how much more I can learn about ion chromatography!<blockquote>Join us on April 10th to start the celebration and see the impact of characterizing complex carbohydrates using ion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (IC-MS). <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://event.on24.com/wcc/r/4892358/003A6201E02E0C9B48405CCB49D5961F?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=referral">Register now!</a></blockquote><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_What_is_the_Ion_Chromatography_Golden_Jubilee_Celebrating_50_Years_of_IC_Innovation_a7e6c95126.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: What is the Ion Chromatography Golden Jubilee? Celebrating 50 Years of IC Innovation" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_What_is_the_Ion_Chromatography_Golden_Jubilee_Celebrating_50_Years_of_IC_Innovation_a7e6c95126.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1200" height="600"><blockquote>Visit us on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/72003132/admin/dashboard/">LinkedIn:</a> #IonChromatography #ICGoldenJubilee #IC50years #LoveIC<section><h5>Wai-Chi Man</h5><div>Wai-Chi Man is Product Marketing Manager, IC/SP, for Thermo Fisher Scientific.</div></section></blockquote>

What is the Ion Chromatography Golden Jubilee? Celebrating 50 Years of IC Innovation

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 23, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 16th June 2025? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you brochure by Agilent Technologies and application notes by Shimadzu, Thermo Fisher Scientific and Waters Corporation!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: PFAS Analysis Without Compromise</h3><ul><li>Brochure</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/br_sample_prep_solutions_for_environmental_pfas_analysis_5994_8377en_agilent_f4acd7c313.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>The brochure presents Agilent’s comprehensive solutions for environmental PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) analysis, designed to support laboratories in meeting increasingly stringent regulatory standards. Given the persistence and bioaccumulative nature of PFAS in water, soil, and biological samples, effective and contamination-free sample preparation is crucial. Agilent offers a complete range of solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges and start-up kits specifically tailored for EPA and ISO PFAS methods, including EPA 533, 537.1, and 1633, as well as ISO 21675:2019. These tools ensure high recovery rates, method compliance, and minimal contamination risk.At the heart of Agilent’s offering are the Bond Elut PFAS WAX and Bond Elut PFAS WAX/Carbon S dual-phase cartridges. The WAX cartridges utilize polymeric PSDVB sorbent with diamino functionality for strong retention and selectivity, making them ideal for extracting a broad range of PFAS classes, from carboxylic and sulfonic acids to fluorotelomer sulfonates and polyfluoroalkyl ethers. The dual-phase WAX/Carbon S cartridges combine high PFAS recovery with superior matrix cleanup, effectively handling complex samples like biosolids and fish tissues in compliance with EPA Method 1633.Agilent ensures batch-to-batch consistency through rigorous quality control. Each cartridge batch comes with a Certificate of Analysis (CoA), verifying PFAS cleanliness and recovery. This level of assurance helps labs reduce verification workload while ensuring reliable, reproducible results. Additionally, the products are compatible with automated sample preparation systems, which is essential for high-throughput labs aiming to optimize workflow efficiency.To further support labs, Agilent offers specialized PFAS Start-Up Kits and PFC-free HPLC conversion kits for ultratrace PFAS analysis. These complete workflow solutions include vials, columns, filters, and sorbents engineered to prevent PFAS contamination. Whether the application is environmental or food-related, Agilent’s portfolio equips laboratories with the tools they need to conduct PFAS testing with confidence, accuracy, and regulatory compliance.<h3>2. Shimadzu: Chiral Amino Acid Analysis Using a Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00870_en_19d0c986a5.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>User Benefits<ul><li>Separation with a chiral column enables direct analysis of chiral amino acids without pretreatment by derivatization.</li><li>By using a high-performance single quadrupole LC-MS system, even trace quantities of D-amino acids can be detected in foods and cosmetics</li></ul>Of the 20 types of amino acids included in proteins, optical isomers exist for all but glycine. Most naturally occurring amino acids are L-amino acids, but advancements in analytical technology have revealed the presence of D-amino acids in many organisms. It is also becoming evident that D-amino acids have different physiological functions than L-amino acids. Consequently, D-amino acids perform attracted attention in basic research related to their physiological and medical functions and for applications in the fields of food, health, and beauty.&nbsp;This Application News article describes using a single quadrupole LC-MS system with a crown ether-type chiral column to analyze chiral amino acids, which enables rapid analysis of chiral amino acids without derivatization pretreatment. If a comprehensive analysis of all hydrophilic metabolites that includes amino acids is required, refer also to Application News No. 01-00334-EN, which describes a useful technique forsuch analysis.<h4>Instruments and Analysis Conditions&nbsp;</h4>Analysis was performed with a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=Nexera+series+HPLC+">Nexera series HPLC </a>system that was combined with an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?manufacturerItems=3&amp;search=LCMS-2050">LCMS-2050</a> LC-MS system (Fig. 1). Although compact, the LCMS-2050 single quadrupole mass spectrometer offers easy operability and outstanding performance. Equipped with a DUIS heated ion source, which provides the benefits of both ESI and APCI, it can analyze masses ranging from m/z 2 to 2000. That makes it well suited for simultaneously analyzing all metabolites, including amino acids, as described in Application NewsNo. 01-00334-EN.&nbsp;The analysis condition settings for HPLC and MS are shown in Table 1. The analysis conditions for LCMS-2050 was configured based on the analysis conditions in the LC/MS/MS Method Package for D/L Amino Acids. Using a crown ether-type chiral column enables the chiral separation of all amino acids except proline, which is a secondary amine.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>This article describes using a chiral column and a single quadrupole LC-MS system to analyze chiral amino acids. The technique enables direct analysis of chiral amino acids without derivatization pretreatment. Although sensitivity is lower than a triple quadrupole LC-MS system, it offers equivalent or higher sensitivity than a quadrupole time-of-flight LC-MS system or a fluorescence detector. So while it is not appropriate for analyzing ultra-trace concentrations of chiral amino acids, it is well suited to analyzing foods and other samples that contain large amounts of chiral amino acids. It also offers good throughput, with the ability to analyze samples within 15 minutes, even if that involves switching between (+) and (-) columns to separate components from contaminants in the samples. This also makes it well suited for analyzing large quantities of samples. Widespread adoption of the described techniques for chiral amino acid analysis can be expected to lead to continuous advancements in the R&amp;D of foods, cosmetics, and othersamples.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Enhanced screening of PFAS compounds in wastewater: Implementing U.S. EPA Method 1621 with improved combustion-ion chromatography</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_003774_ic_ic_systems_combustion_environmental_an003774_na_en_db0fb51b4c.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is the collective name for over 14,000 synthetic fluorinated compounds. A PFAS compound is defined as a compound containing a fully fluorinated methyl group or methylene on an alkane functional group (Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)) or as a fluorinated compound with at least two adjacent saturated carbons with one carbon fully fluorinated and the other at least partially fluorinated (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)).1,2 Since the 1940s, PFAS have been prevalent in many polymers, surfactants, fire-suppression chemicals, industrial products, and consumer products.3-6 In addition to their extensive presence, PFAS compounds are persistent and bioaccumulate. Consequently, PFAS compounds are an environmental contamination concern. Toxicological studies of several PFAS compounds, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), indicate the potential for acute to chronic effects impacting reproductive health.7-11 Fewer studies have been conducted on the thousands of other compounds grouped under the EPA PFAS classification.2The U.S. EPA has defined targeted and non-targeted analysis methods for PFAS.12-18 Combustion-ion chromatography (C-IC) was previously demonstrated as a screening method for PFAS; PFAS compounds are converted to HF, and the subsequent fluoride is analyzed by ion chromatography (IC) with suppressed conductivity detection.19-24 This technique is incorporated into EPA Method 1621 for non-targeted determinations of PFAS as adsorbable organic fluorine (AOF).25-28 Our results from the EPA Method 1621 multi-laboratory study are also published in the Thermo Scientific Application Note AN002748 with additional tips for successful implementation in the Thermo Scientific Technical Note TN003056.29,30&nbsp;In the EPA Method 1621 collaboration study, we found that reduced baseline contamination and increased sensitivity, accuracy, and precision can be achieved by minimizing sources of contamination.29,30 Another approach to reduce baseline contamination is to design the adsorption and combustionabsorption systems in a way that reduces or eliminates contamination sources. In this application, EPA Method 1621 is implemented on the offline Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Adsorption module, a Cindion Combustion / Absorption module with liquid and solid sample handling, and a Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Inuvion™ Reagent-free Ion Chromatography (RFIC™) System. The adsorption module was designed to minimize contamination by eliminating contamination sources. To increase throughput, the adsorption module is designed to semiautomatically adsorb PFAS from six water samples at a time. The Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Combustion-Ion Chromatography (C-IC) System was optimized for increased combustion efficiency by incorporating a Z-fold combustion tube to introduce oxygen at multiple locations. As a result, the combustion tube and furnace are shorter, and combustion times are reduced. This also results in a smaller footprint, saving crowded bench space. Data processing and system management are also more efficient because the Cindion C-IC system is controlled by a single software, the Thermo Scientific™ Chromeleon™ Chromatography Data System (CDS). Overall, this solution provides improved sensitivity due to increased signal-to-noise, improved recoveries of added standards, and comparable reproducibility to previous results in a smaller footprint.<h4>Experimental&nbsp;</h4><h5>Equipment&nbsp;</h5>Cindion C-IC system&nbsp;<ul><li>Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Combustion / Absorption Module (P/N B51006425) with Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ C-IC Solids Kit (P/N B51006426)&nbsp;</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Solid / Liquids Autosampler (P/N B51006429)</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Adsorption Module (P/N B51006430), includes six column holders&nbsp;</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1078">Dionex™ Inuvion™ IC System</a> with RFIC (P/N 22185-60108)&nbsp;</li><li>Optional Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Eluent Monitor, 4 L (P/N 22185-62708)&nbsp;</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ Thermolyne™ Muffle furnace, 2 L small bench top, to clean combustion cups, recommended for EPA Method 1621 (P/N FB1415M)&nbsp;</li></ul>Software&nbsp;<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/76">Chromeleon CDS software</a>, Chromeleon 7 version 3.2, with Cindion C-IC system and eluent monitor drivers</li></ul><h4>Results and discussion&nbsp;</h4>The official EPA Method 1621 was updated from the draft method, and therefore, some of the section enumerations have changed. In addition, this method was updated from the EPA method by initiating the gradient at 4 min instead of 6 min to ensure that all anions are fully eluted from the column. Initial demonstration of capability In EPA Method 1621, the initial demonstration of capability (IDC) is required before analyzing samples. IDC includes determining the retention time windows of fluoride and chloride, calibration with relative standard error (RSE) 1 min from the water dip (void volume) and other peaks eluting near fluoride for accurate determinations. In hydroxide eluent separations with suppressed conductivity, as shown in Figure 2, the water dip is small and isolated from fluoride. Fluoride elutes away from the water dip in a flat baseline region. The results of these retention time experiments are summarized in Table 1. Fluoride meets the retention time criteria.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>This application note demonstrates U.S. EPA Method 1621 results using an improved C-IC workflow solution. The C-IC complete flow path includes the adsorption of PFAS in wastewater samples using the offline Cindion adsorption module, the combustion of the PFAS to fluoride using the Cindion combustion-absorption system, and quantitation using a Dionex Inuvion IC instrument with RFIC. The results were improved compared to previous implementation of EPA Method 1621 in Thermo Scientific Application Note AN002748. MDLs were improved (1.7 μg/L vs. 2.3 μg/L) with comparable reproducibility (4.5% RSDs vs. 4.6%) and improved accuracy (82–101% vs. 70–120%) as compared to previous results. This method showcases significant advantages of the Cindion C-IC system for measuring AOF and screening for PFAS in wastewater. In addition to ease of use, RFIC with hydroxide eluents provides more accurate reporting because fluoride easily elutes from the water dip, eliminating the need for manual integration. These data collectively highlight the power of C-IC in eliminating the sample matrix and measuring only adsorbable fluorine content in samples, successfully achieving the goals outlined in U.S. EPA Method 1621.<h3>4. Waters Corporation: Enhanced Reliability for Long-Term PFAS Analysis with the Xevo TQ Absolute XR Mass Spectrometer</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720008824_en_a91738478b.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Benefits<ul><li>Xevo TQ Absolute XR provided maximal system uptime for PFAS analysis across 10 weeks and more than 7000 injections with no unscheduled downtime.</li><li>Reliable calculated concentrations were maintained for PFAS at relevant levels in extracts of river water, biosolid, and landfill leachate with %RSDs of &lt;8.4%.</li><li>Seamless batch review and long-term calibration management using waters_connect™ for Quantitation Software accelerated data validation workflows.</li></ul>As awareness grows around the environmental and health impacts of PFAS, regulatory pressure continues to intensify globally. The EPA Method 1633A1 has become a critical protocol for the quantitation of 40 PFAS compounds in diverse environmental matrices, including non-potable water, soils, biosolids, and tissues. Although the method describes a solid phase extraction (SPE) clean-up step for all sample types, these matrices still contain co-extractive interferents when introduced into an LC-MS/MS system, which can contaminate the system and degrade method performance over time. This application note describes how the StepWave XR Ion Guide, a novel slotted bandpass ion guide within the Xevo TQ Absolute XR Mass Spectrometer, can be integrated into a typical PFAS workflow to enhance signal robustness while preserving sensitivity and speed, thereby boosting method reliability.<h4>Experimental</h4><h5>LC Conditions</h5><ul><li>UPLC system: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/191">ACQUITY™ Premier System </a>with Binary Solvent Manager and Flow-Through Needle&nbsp;</li></ul><h5>MS Conditions</h5><ul><li>MS system: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/554">Xevo TQ Absolute XR Mass Spectrometer</a></li></ul><h4>Results and Discussion</h4><h5>QC Performance&nbsp;</h5>Method performance was evaluated every 10 sample extract injections to ensure that the weekly calibration of the method was stable. Figure 2 shows the QC plots for GenX, L-PFHxS, L-PFOS, PFBS, PFNA, and PFOA with a tolerance of ±30% set from the assigned concentration level (0.1–0.2 ng/mL) over the course of the study. Table 1 lists the %RSDs for the ion ratios for the same compounds. QC measured concentrations and ion ratios were within the set tolerances across 10 weeks and more than 7,000 injections with no unscheduled downtime. This illustrates the reliability of the Xevo TQ Absolute XR for PFAS analysis using a weekly calibration routine.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The StepWave XR Ion Guide within the Xevo TQ Absolute XR Mass Spectrometer was introduced into a typical PFAS workflow and shown to maintain method reliability for extended periods of time. The Xevo TQ Absolute XR provided maximal system uptime for PFAS analysis across 10 weeks and more than 7,000 injections with no unscheduled downtime. Concentrations for PFAS at relevant levels were reliably calculated in extracts of river water, biosolids, and landfill leachate with trueness in the range 70–130% and %RSDs of &lt;8.4%. These findings support the Xevo TQ Absolute XR as a powerful platform for laboratories seeking to meet regulatory requirements for PFAS monitoring while minimizing system downtime and maintenance.&nbsp;

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 25, 2025

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 26, 2025

Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 18th August 2025? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!<blockquote>👉 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library">SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</a></blockquote><blockquote>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques? Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezGCMS</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library">LabRulezICPMS</a> libraries.</blockquote>This week we bring you application notes by Agilent Technologies and Waters Corporation and technical notes by Shimadzu and Thermo Fisher Scientific!<h3>1. Agilent Technologies: Deciphering the Microbiome: Targeted LC/MS/MS Analysis of Bile Acids in Biological Samples</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_deciphering_microbiome_bile_acids_samples_5994_8263en_agilent_dc02f26cab.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>BA analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) is both critical and challenging due to the inherent complexity of bile acids. These compounds encompass a wide range of structurally similar and isomeric species that often exhibit nearly identical mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) and retention times. This similarity makes achieving baseline separation and accurate identification particularly difficult.&nbsp;Additionally, bile acids are relatively stable molecules that do not typically undergo extensive fragmentation in a mass&nbsp;spectrometer. Additionally, the more challenging fragmentation complicates the differentiation of isomeric bile acids emphasizing the need for a standardized method also leveraging retention times.&nbsp;Compounding these issues, many of the microbiota-produced bile acid species are typically present at low concentrations in biological samples, which often contain matrix components that can lead to ion suppression or enhancement. These matrix effects can interfere with accurate quantification, further complicating the analysis. Moreover, the need for high sensitivity and specificity to distinguish closely related bile acid species adds another layer of complexity.&nbsp;To address these challenges, standardized and highly optimized chromatographic methods, advanced mass spectrometric techniques, and robust sample preparation protocols are essential. Together, these strategies enhance the reliability of BA analysis, enabling accurate profiling for both research and clinical research applications.&nbsp;A previously described LC/TQ method was used to analyze 26&nbsp;bile acids.1 This present study introduces a new method using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=6495D+LC%2FTQ">6495D LC/TQ</a> with fourth-generation ion funnel technology, which improves sensitivity and expands the scope for the analysis of 68 unique bile acids in complex matrix. This bile acid method is compatible and consistent with the Agilent Standardized LC/MS platform for omics analysis and is easily transferable in the laboratory and therefore suitable for rapid delivery of new insights.<h4>Experimental</h4><h5>Instrumentation&nbsp;</h5>The LC/MS platform consisted of a 6495D triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with fourth-generation iFunnel technology, coupled with an Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1290+Infinity+II+Bio+LC">1290 Infinity II Bio LC</a> system with the Agilent standardized configuration for omics applications. The acquisition method is fully compatible with an Agilent 6495C model and a regular stainless‑steel Agilent 1290 Infinity II LC with the same standard omics&nbsp;configuration. All methods using the Infinity II LC systems are fully compatible with Infinity III LC systems and give identical method performance.&nbsp;<h5>Software&nbsp;</h5>MS data were acquired using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=MassHunter+acquisition+software">MassHunter acquisition software</a> 12.1, which includes built-in source and compound optimizer tools for method development. Agilent&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=MassHunter+Qualitative+Analysis">MassHunter Qualitative Analysis</a> 12.0 software was used to visualize the acquired dataset and assess data quality before&nbsp;quantification.&nbsp;Bile acid levels from the LC/MS/MS datasets were quantified using MassHunter Quantitative Analysis 12.0 software. Quantitation methods for both relative and absolute measurements were developed using one of the quality control (QC) injections. Statistical analysis was performed with Agilent&nbsp;Mass Profiler Professional (MPP) 15.1.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>A robust and standardized targeted dynamic-MRM LC/MS/MS method for the analysis of bile acids was developed on an Agilent 6495D triple quadrupole/LC platform. Optimal bile acid extraction conditions from plasma and fecal samples were established along with LC/MS conditions that allowed the measurement of a large panel of bile acids in a single chromatographic run. This analytical method is highly versatile and applicable to both plasma/serum and fecal samples, offering valuable insights into systemic and gut-specific bile acid profiles. In plasma, it provides a reliable means to assess circulating bile acids, which are key indicators of liver function, metabolic health, and disease states. In fecal samples, the method enables detailed profiling of bile acids involved in gut microbiota interactions and intestinal health, shedding light on digestion and enterohepatic circulation dynamics.<h3>2. Shimadzu: Enhancing Selectivity in Reversed-Phase Analysis Through Effective Utilization of Mobile Phase pH</h3><ul><li>Technical note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/c190_e335_442eed699a.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>When analyzing ionizable compounds, the pH of the mobile phase plays a crucial role in improving peak shape and separation. However, conventional silica-based columns have limitations in utilizing high-pH mobile phases. Additionally, while polymer-based columns can operate across a wide pH range, they have drawbacks such as lower mechanical strength and column efficiency. In this technical report, we present examples of measurements conducted using mobile phases with various pH levels, employing the Shim-pack Scepter and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Shim-pack+NovaCore+columns">Shim-pack NovaCore columns</a>—organic silica hybrid columns that combine the advantages of silica-based columns with exceptional high-pH durability.<h4>2. The Relationship Between Compound Ionization and Mobile Phase pH</h4>Figure 1 shows the relationship between the pKa of the compound and the pH of the mobile phase. The horizontal axis represents the value obtained by subtracting the pKa of the compound from the pH of the mobile phase. In general, the ionization ratio of weakly acidic compounds is known to become 1 % (nearly neutral) when the pH is 2 below their pKa. Conversely, when the pH is 2 above the pKa, the ionization ratio becomes 99 % (nearly ionized). On the other hand, weakly basic compounds are known to ionize 99 % (nearly ionized) when the pH is 2 below their pKa. Conversely, when the pH is 2 above the pKa, the ionization ratio becomes 1 % (nearly neutral).<h4>3. Suppression of Ionization in Basic Compounds&nbsp;</h4>In the case of basic compounds, the pH of the mobile phase must be high in order to suppress ionization. However, in general, traditional silica-based columns such as C18 with silica gel as the base particle may begin to disintegrate when the pH exceeds 7, so a high-pH mobile phase may not be usable. On the other hand, polymer-based particles have the advantage of being usable over a wide pH range from 1~14, but their mechanical strength and separation efficiency are lower than silica-based columns. Therefore, it is ideal to have a column that combines the advantages of silica-based and polymer-based packing material. The Shim-pack Scepter and Shim-pack NovaCore meet these needs (see Table 1).<h4>4. Organic Silica Hybrid Columns in the Shim-pack Series&nbsp;</h4>The fully porous Shim-pack Scepter and the core-shell Shim-pack NovaCore columns use organic silica hybrid material for the base particles to maintain the high physical strength of traditional silicabased columns while significantly improving their durability under high pH conditions. Figure 2 shows the change in column performance when a high-pH mobile phase is delivered for an extended period. This confirms the high pH durability of Shim-pack Scepter and Shimpack NovaCore compared to column A, a traditional silica-based column.<h3>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Configuring a combustion-ion chromatography system using a complete workflow&nbsp;</h3><ul><li>Technical note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/tn_003773_ic_ic_systems_Combustion_IC_System_environmental_tn003773_na_en_v9_358da61ec1.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul>Analyzing samples with complex matrices can be challenging due to the incompatibility of the sample’s physical properties with the analytical technique. For example, ionic halide content can only be measured by ion chromatography (IC) when the sample is fully dissolved in a liquid, preferably water, extracted, or washed off the surface of a solid material. Combustion-ion chromatography (C-IC) has the advantage of eliminating complex sample matrices to directly measure the total halogens and total sulfur.1-5 C-IC has been demonstrated for halide determinations in other challenging liquid matrices, such as tea and wastewater.6,7 In addition, adsorbable organic fluorine (AOF), in conjunction with C-IC, has been demonstrated and incorporated into U.S. EPA Method 1621 to screen for perand polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water samples.8-14&nbsp;A new C-IC total workflow system has been introduced: the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2150">Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Combustion Ion Chromatography System</a>. It includes a standalone sample preparation module, the Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Combustion/Absorption Module, and an autosampler that can be configured for solid or liquid samples. A standalone Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ LPG/gas Module is also an option.&nbsp;In this technical note, we describe the configuration and operation of the Cindion C-IC system with the following configurations: Cindion combustion/absorption Module with Cindion autosampler and each of numbers 1-4 below.&nbsp;<ol><li>Solids sampler and with the offline Cindion adsorption module needed for U.S. EPA Method 162115&nbsp;</li><li>Solids sampler&nbsp;</li><li>Liquids sampler&nbsp;</li><li>Eluent monitor with any configuration</li></ol><h4>Instruments&nbsp;</h4><h5>Cindion C-IC system:&nbsp;</h5><ul><li>Cindion combustion/absorption module (P/N B51006425) with Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ C-IC Solids Kit (P/N B51006427)&nbsp;</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Solids/Liquids Autosampler (P/N B51006429)&nbsp;</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ Cindion™ Adsorption Module (P/N B51006430) that includes 6 column holders&nbsp;</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1078">Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Inuvion™ </a>with Reagent-free Ion Chromatography (RFIC™) System (P/N 22185-60108)&nbsp;</li><li>Optional Thermo Scientific™ Dionex™ Inuvion™ Eluent Monitor, 4 L (P/N 22185-62708)&nbsp;</li><li>Thermo Scientific™ Muffle Furnace, 2 L small bench top, to clean combustion cups, (Thermo Scientific FB1415M, Fisher Scientific 10-552) – recommended for U.S. EPA Method 1621</li></ul><h5>Software&nbsp;</h5><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/76">Thermo Scientific™ Chromeleon™ Chromatography Data System (CDS)</a>, version 7.3.2 MUd with Cindion C-IC and eluent monitor drivers.<h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>This technical note provides comprehensive guidance on configuring and operating the full Cindion C-IC system workflow. The system offers a complete workflow, starting from offline sample preparation for AOX analysis, progressing through combustion and absorption, and concluding with IC analysis. It includes an autosampler for solids and liquids, along with an optional module for compressed and liquefied gases, ensuring versatility in sample handling. The Z-fold combustion tube is designed to introduce oxygen at multiple points and create an extended flow path that enhances combustion efficiency while minimizing length. To minimize devitrification, the system introduces water only during combustion. Additionally, Chromeleon CDS seamlessly controls Cindion C-IC system operation and data processing.<h3>4. Waters Corporation: Slalom-Aided Anion Exchange Chromatography for Enhanced Analysis of Plasmid DNA Topological Impurities</h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720008928_en_7fae99acf4.pdf">Full PDF for download</a></li></ul><h4>Benefits&nbsp;</h4><ul><li>Baseline resolution of DNA isoforms achieves complete separation of supercoiled, open circular, and linear forms of pBR322, ΦX174 RFI/RFII, and Cas9 plasmid</li><li>Dual mode retention mechanism demonstrates separation driven by both anion exchange and flowdependent slalom chromatography mechanisms</li><li>Single method offers broad applicability using a single gradient method on the Protein-Pak Hi Res Q Column to analyze diverse nucleic acid structures with flow rate optimization to achieve desired selectivity through slalom effects</li></ul>In the present study, for the first time, the synergy between traditional AEX and slalom retention mechanisms using a Protein-Pak Hi Res Q Column has been systematically investigated. More specifically, two experimental variables have been purposely manipulated to optimize the separation of 3 unique plasmids. The salt gradients (for AEX selectivity) and shear force-inducing flow rates were adjusted to optimize the slalom-based selectivity of the separations. The dual-mode AEX–slalom separation was evaluated and optimized for three biologically relevant DNA constructs: ΦX174 RF I/II (5.4 kbp), pBR322 (4.4 kbp), and a 7.0 kbp Cas9-encoding plasmid. Using defined mobile phase conditions consisting of Tris buffer with 5% urea and a precisely controlled sodium chloride (NaCl) gradient, flow-rate-dependent resolution of OC, L, and SC topological forms was observed. The resulting data elucidates key operational parameters that can be leveraged to significantly enhance resolution, method reproducibility, and scalability, ultimately achieving a powerful analytical approach tailored for emerging gene therapy applications.<h4>Experimental</h4><h5>LC Conditions</h5>LC system:&nbsp;<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/191">ACQUITY™ Premier System</a> with:</li><li>Binary Solvent Manager (BSM, p/n: 186018000)</li><li>Flow-Through Needle Sample Manager (SMFTN, p/n: 186018002)</li><li>Column Manager-A (CM-A, p/n: 186018003)&nbsp;</li></ul><h4>Conclusion&nbsp;</h4>This application note demonstrates the utility of Protein-Pak Hi Res Q Column and strong anion-exchange chromatography for resolving the three plasmid DNA isoforms, supercoiled (SC), open circular (OC), and linear (L), across a wide range of DNA sizes, including pBR322 (4.361 kbp), ΦX174 RF I/II (5.386 kbp), and the pCMVCas9 (7.037 kbp) plasmid. Using a mobile phase system containing 5% urea and a NaCl gradient, the method achieved excellent resolution of all topological forms by tuning the flow rate applied throughout the gradient method. Notably, this strategy offers a streamlined alternative to traditional method development approaches that require manual changes in mobile phase additives or compositions. Indeed, flow rate was found to influence resolution significantly due to the difference in entropic elasticity of DNA plasmid (open-circular, supercoiled) and linear isoforms. For example, optimum flow rates were found to be equal to 0.8, 0.5, and 0.3 mL/min for the separation of pBR322, ΦX174 RFI RFII Mixture, and pCMV-Cas9 plasmids, respectively. Higher flow rates are needed to increase the retention of shorter linear DNA isoforms relative to the open circular plasmid. These results highlight the method’s adaptability and precision for analyzing plasmid topology, providing analysts with enhanced control critical for assessing identity, integrity, and purity in plasmid-based therapeutics and gene therapy workflows.

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 34, 2025

This year marks a special milestone: the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/article/5341">50th anniversary of ion chromatography (IC)</a>, a technique that has transformed how we separate and analyse ions, driving innovation across environmental, food, and pharmaceutical applications.Over the decades, IC has continually evolved with smarter, more powerful hardware—but its impact grew even stronger when paired with <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/76">Chromeleon software</a>. This combination didn’t just streamline workflows; it elevated IC into a more intuitive, connected, and reliable solution for laboratories worldwide.On a personal note, my connection with IC and Chromeleon software goes back 20 years. In my first lab job when I was still at university, I often performed bench test analyzes to determine sulphate – a process that could take several hours. When the laboratory decided to invest in its first IC system, it was a game changer! It was clear from the start that the combination of IC and Chromeleon software is not only logical — it’s historical – they complemented each other so well that they reshaped the way I understood data, automation, and efficiency in the lab.As both have evolved throughout the years, so has my appreciation for what they can do together. In fact, some of my favorite features in Chromeleon software were directly inspired by working with IC—functionalities that I’ll share in this blog, showing why, even after so many years, IC and Chromeleon software remain an unbeatable team. Let’s go:<h3>1. One report for all your data</h3>In modern analytical labs, data volume is not the challenge — data clarity is. Scientists don’t just need results; they need results that can be compiled, compared, and validated across multiple runs, detectors, and even instruments.This is where Chromeleon software’s reporting capabilities shine. With dual sequence processing capabilities, enabling merging of data to provide more comprehensive results, Chromeleon software condenses complexity into a single report. The ability to compare multiple sequences in one window transforms how scientists interpret data: instead of managing multiple files or juggling disconnected reports, they see the complete analytical story at once.For example, scientists can directly compare cation and anion analyses performed with conductivity detectors in a single report, or merge results from different detectors—such as conductivity and mass spectrometry (MS)—to view all findings in one cohesive output. These practical applications highlight how Chromeleon software simplifies workflows while delivering deeper scientific insight.In regulated industries, this clarity is not just convenient — it’s critical. Chromeleon software ensures that reporting adheres to compliance requirements, producing audit-ready documentation while still being practical for everyday use.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Ion_Chromatography_Turns_50_Chromeleon_Software_s_Tribute_to_a_Lifelong_Partner_ec4aeb624d.jpg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: Ion Chromatography Turns 50: Chromeleon Software’s Tribute to a Lifelong Partner" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_Ion_Chromatography_Turns_50_Chromeleon_Software_s_Tribute_to_a_Lifelong_Partner_ec4aeb624d.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="683"><h3>2. Beyond conductivity detection</h3>One of the defining strengths of ion chromatography has always been its versatility. But when coupled with MS, it steps into an entirely new dimension. IC–MS allows scientists to go beyond the classic seven anions detectable by conductivity, enabling the identification of additional species such as bromate and chlorate with high selectivity and sensitivity.For many laboratories, dual detection is no longer a luxury — it’s a necessity. Regulatory environments demand precision, trace-level sensitivity, and the ability to differentiate analytes in complex matrices. Chromeleon software makes this practical by seamlessly integrating multiple detectors—including conductivity, UV, amperometry, and MS.This flexibility enables advanced applications such as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/AN_491_63068_Glycophosphate_in_water_0e9c57b8d8/AN491_63068_Glycophosphate-in-water.pdf">pesticide residue analysis using ion chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (IC–MS/MS)</a>. By unifying all data into one platform, Chromeleon software streamlines complex workflows and turns them into clear, actionable results. Instead of facing a fragmented dataset, users get a unified, intuitive view. The software ensures that IC–MS doesn’t just produce powerful results — it produces results that are accessible, reviewable, and ready for decision-making. For readers seeking to dive deeper into this capability, Thermo Fisher Scientific has published a detailed white paper on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/wp_73175_ic_ms_wp73175_en_d5fcfb30b4.pdf">IC–MS workflows</a>.<h3>3. Ensuring instrument health and longevity</h3>Behind every robust analytical result is an instrument that’s running smoothly. In chromatography, hardware issues can easily compromise data quality — or worse, disrupt entire workflows with unexpected downtime.Chromeleon software acts as a proactive safeguard by monitoring system health in real time. Parameters like pump pressure oscillations can be continuously tracked, visualized in intuitive charts that reveal subtle shifts before they escalate into problems. For example, a gradual rise in pump pressure may signal a blockage or worn consumable — insights that allow labs to intervene early, extend the life of their equipment, and minimize costly downtime.This functionality transforms Chromeleon software from being “just” a data system into an instrument health partner. Much like a fitness tracker helps athletes stay in peak condition, Chromeleon helps IC systems operate at their best, ensuring continuity, reliability, and efficiency.<h3>Conclusion: For many more years to come!</h3>Ion chromatography and Chromeleon software share more than just history. Together, they form a partnership that amplifies the strengths of each: IC delivers separation power and analytical depth, while Chromeleon software provides the intelligence to manage, interpret, and safeguard results. The outcome is not just better data — it’s better science, delivered with confidence.In an era where laboratories face growing complexity, tighter regulations, and higher expectations for efficiency, the synergy between IC and Chromeleon software is more relevant than ever. It’s not just a story of two technologies — it’s a blueprint for how innovation and integration can shape the future of analytical science. Happy Golden Jubilee, my friend 😊<h5>Learn more:</h5><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/content/lifetech/global/en/home/products-and-services/promotions/industrial/chromatography-evolution/ic-evolution.html">IC Evolution</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/5386">Webinar: Reduce manual integrations: Optimize data processing with detection parameters and algorithms</a></li><li>Visit us on&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/72003132/admin/dashboard/">LinkedIn:</a>&nbsp;#IonChromatography #ChromeleonCds #compliance #MassSpectrometry</li></ul><section><blockquote><h5>Laercio Fernandes</h5>Laércio Fernandes is a Product Marketing Manager for software at Thermo Fisher Scientific. With a background rooted in analytical chemistry, Laércio has over 20 years of experience in the analytical field with a focus on chromatography instrumentation, enterprise software and compliance. His background in sales and support has enabled him to have a good overview and understanding of different processes and challenges that laboratories may face, which has allowed him to better support our customers in order to improve their workflows and productivity.</blockquote></section>

Ion Chromatography Turns 50: Chromeleon Software’s Tribute to a Lifelong Partner

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Ion Chromatography Turns 50: Chromeleon Software’s Tribute to a Lifelong Partner

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 34, 2025

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 26, 2025

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 25, 2025

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 23, 2025

What is the Ion Chromatography Golden Jubilee? Celebrating 50 Years of IC Innovation

New Column for Fast Analysis of Haloacetic Acids, Bromate and Dalapon Using Ion Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry

Upcoming events

Understanding quantification algorithms

36th MassSpec Forum Vienna 2026

Analytical Strategies for Peptide & Protein Therapeutics

Webinars

High-throughput stability screening strategies for antibody formulation

Big Scale, Big Wins: Prep Chromatography Explained

PFAS in Food & Food Contact Material