Meeting EU Drinking Water Standards: The Critical Role of Sample Prep in Trace Contaminant Analysis

Although modern agriculture needs to be based on accurate real-time data on soil, plant, and environmental conditions, affordable, sufficiently sensitive, and robust monitoring devices for this purpose are currently missing. According to scientists, low-cost sensors based on new smart materials and printing technologies offer a suitable solution. The results of multidisciplinary research thus far and proposals for the development of these devices have been presented by researchers from Czechia, Great Britain, Spain, and the USA in a review article in the prestigious journal <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-68778-6#Abs1">Nature Communications</a>.“Sensor technologies for monitoring plant health are still in their infancy. Only simple sensors capable of monitoring basic parameters such as pH, soil moisture, or temperature are commonly available on the market. However, if farmers are to face current challenges, including climate change, and ensure sufficient food for humanity, they need much more effective tools that will enable them to monitor, for example, various pathogens, including bacteria and fungi. In our opinion, a suitable solution is a combination of new smart materials and printing for the production of inexpensive, durable, and scalable materials,” said the article’s first author, David Panáček from CATRIN, who worked on the study during his internship at Imperial College London.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/CATRIN_Soucasne_senzory_nestaci_Vedci_navrhuji_novou_cestu_ke_sledovani_zdravi_rostlin_b4014952a3.jpg" alt="CATRIN: David Panáček" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_CATRIN_Soucasne_senzory_nestaci_Vedci_navrhuji_novou_cestu_ke_sledovani_zdravi_rostlin_b4014952a3.jpg 208w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="1152">Sensors for monitoring plant health, for example, lag behind similar devices used in human medicine. According to the authors, advances in materials science, which will enable the development of scalable sensor technologies, play a key role in this potential shift. “Printing techniques, including inkjet printing, screen printing, aerosol printing, 3D printing, and direct laser writing, offer flexible ways to produce flexible sensors, large-area sensors, and sensors integrated directly into plants. The review article summarizes recent advances in printable low-dimensional materials for agricultural sensors, analyzes their physico-chemical properties in relation to sensor performance, and discusses key challenges and future opportunities requiring interdisciplinary integration,” said one of the corresponding authors, Michal Otyepka.The research brought together materials scientists, chemists, biologists, sensing experts, and printing technology specialists. Materials research and the use of graphene-based smart materials were led by scientists from CATRIN at Palacký University and VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava. Plant biologists from CATRIN contributed their knowledge of plant development, their responses to stress conditions, and the monitoring of their properties. Researchers from Imperial College London took care of the electronics, while representatives from<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/companies/36"> CEITEC – VUT</a> focused on printing technologies. The team also included leading experts in sensing from the Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Barcelona, and Joseph Wang of the University of California San Diego, the “father of sensing and electrochemistry,” also contributed his extensive knowledge.“This is a groundbreaking study on this topic, which has managed to attract some truly big names in their respective fields. Last but not least, the study demonstrates that interdisciplinarity at CATRIN gives rise to completely new and promising research topics, such as plant sensing and its use for studying plant-environment interactions and smart agriculture,” added another corresponding author, Nuria De Diego.

Current sensors are not good enough. Scientists propose a new way to monitor plant health

In this episode of the Concentrating on Chromatography podcast, host David Oliva interviews Ainslie Chen about her cutting-edge research on hemoglobin variant testing using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS). Ainslie discusses her novel method for separating and identifying hemoglobin subunits with mass shifts less than 1 Da, overcoming critical limitations in conventional clinical assays.Hear firsthand how her team developed an LC-HR-MS workflow using a C4 reversed-phase column, tackled technical challenges (including why C18 columns fell short), and achieved unprecedented sensitivity for variant detection in both adult and neonatal samples. The conversation touches on the potential of mass spectrometry to revolutionize clinical diagnostics, the importance of reproducibility, barriers to adoption in routine labs, and how teamwork drives scientific innovation.Perfect for analytical chemists, clinical laboratorians, and anyone interested in the future of protein variant analysis, this episode also features Ainslie’s advice for early-career scientists and insights from her first ACS poster presentation.<h4>Key Highlights:</h4><ul><li>Motivation behind improving hemoglobinopathy testing &nbsp;</li><li>Technical advantages of LC-HR-MS over gene sequencing and CE &nbsp;</li><li>The crucial role of the C4 column in resolving challenging samples &nbsp;</li><li>Critical parameters for reproducible LC-HR-MS workflows &nbsp;</li><li>Barriers and outlook for clinical adoption of advanced mass spectrometry &nbsp;</li><li>The value of teamwork and mentorship in scientific research &nbsp;</li><li>Direct insights from recent ACS conference experiences</li></ul><h3>Video transcription</h3>In this interview, Ainslie Chen discusses her research on improving the detection and identification of hemoglobin variants using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The work addresses limitations of conventional hemoglobinopathy testing, which often struggles to resolve very small mass differences between closely related hemoglobin subunits. Because even a single amino-acid substitution can significantly alter hemoglobin structure and function, high analytical resolution is essential for accurate diagnosis of conditions such as anemia and sickle cell disease.Chen explains why her team selected LC-HRMS over established clinical techniques like capillary electrophoresis and gene sequencing. While sequencing offers excellent accuracy, it is time-consuming, costly, and requires extensive sample preparation, making it impractical for routine clinical workflows. Capillary electrophoresis enables subunit separation but lacks the resolving power needed to distinguish variants differing by less than one Dalton. In contrast, high-resolution mass spectrometry provides both structural specificity and sensitivity, enabling confident identification of subtle hemoglobin variants with minimal sample preparation.A key methodological insight from the project was the use of a C4 reversed-phase LC column instead of the more common C18 column. Chen describes how the shorter carbon chain and larger pore size of C4 columns improved protein elution and reduced denaturation, leading to more reproducible separations. Critical parameters for reproducibility included consistent mobile-phase composition (0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile), controlled temperature (60 °C for LC, ~320 °C capillary temperature), and stable chromatographic conditions.Beyond hemoglobin analysis, Chen highlights the broader potential of high-resolution mass spectrometry in proteoform analysis and clinical diagnostics, including emerging applications in cancer detection. She acknowledges current barriers to clinical adoption—such as energy demands and instrument infrastructure—but points to advances like miniaturized mass spectrometers as promising steps toward wider use. The interview concludes with advice for young scientists: don’t hesitate to reach out to mentors, embrace collaboration, and view analytical chemistry as a versatile tool that bridges medicine, biology, environmental science, and beyond.<blockquote>This text has been automatically transcribed from a video presentation using AI technology. It may contain inaccuracies and is not guaranteed to be 100% correct.</blockquote><blockquote><h4>Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast</h4>Dive into the frontiers of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and sample preparation with host David Oliva. Each episode features candid conversations with leading researchers, industry innovators, and passionate scientists who are shaping the future of analytical chemistry. From decoding PFAS detection challenges to exploring the latest in AI-assisted liquid chromatography, this show uncovers practical workflows, sustainability breakthroughs, and the real-world impact of separation science. Whether you’re a chromatographer, lab professional, or researcher you'll discover inspiring content!You can find Concentrating on Chromatography Podcast in podcast apps:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1wZg67rCjoGju4yhqxI3tL">Spotify</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/tz/podcast/concentrating-on-chromatography/id1788429185">Apple podcast</a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://podscan.fm/podcasts/concentrating-on-chromatography">podscan</a></li></ul>and on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/@ChromatographyTalk/videos">YouTube channel</a></blockquote>

Unlocking Hemoglobin Variant Detection: LC-HR-MS Breakthrough with Ainslie Chen

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Scientific article

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Science and research

The Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN) at Palacký University is a cutting-edge scientific hub dedicated to advancing research in the fields of nanotechnology, biotechnology, and biomedicine. At its core, CATRIN boasts outstanding scientific teams, featuring international researchers. We emphasize interdisciplinarity, foster global collaborations, and work to translate our research findings into practical applications.

CATRIN

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

Organomation

Phenomenex Biozen SEC-3 LC columns

High inertness and particle consistency of both Biozen™ SEC columns drives greater reproducibility from injection-to-injection. 

High inertness and particle consistency of both Biozen™ SEC columns drives greater reproducibility from injection-to-injection. Combine this with the bioinert BioTi hardware and good aggregate recovery is no longer something that you’re missing out on.Biozen SEC columns provide:<ul><li>High efficiency on both HPLC and UHPLC</li><li>Extreme inertness and robustness</li><li>Finely tuned high and low MS separation windows</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Biozen_SEC_3_3a6e232271.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Biozen SEC-3" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Biozen_SEC_3_3a6e232271.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"><ul><li>Separation Mode: Gel Filtration Chromatography (GFC)</li><li>Particle Size: 1.8</li><li>Recommended Use: High molecular weight (HMW) separation range of 10 k – 700 kDa</li></ul><h3>Phenomenex Biozen Biologics LC Columns</h3>With a new titanium BioTi™ biocompatible hardware to minimize priming, four particle platforms for optimal versatility and nine particle chemistries to maximize selectivity and sensitivity, Biozen UHPLC/HPLC columns for protein analysis are seamlessly designed to bring peace of mind to your analysis of biologics through:<ul><li>Charge Variant Analysis</li><li>Aggregate Analysis</li><li>Peptide Mapping</li><li>Intact Mass Analysis</li><li>Intact and Subunit Analysis</li><li>Glycan Analysis</li><li>Peptide Quantitation</li><li>Drug Antibody Ratio (DAR)</li><li>Oligonucleotide Characterization</li></ul><h3>Biocompatible Flow Path with BioTi™ Hardware</h3>Keep your mind at ease knowing that we’ve minimized the need for priming with a new titanium infused biocompatible hardware and frit that doesn’t interfere with protein or peptide integrity!<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Bio_Ti_Hardware_991fb53395.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: BioTi Hardware" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Bio_Ti_Hardware_991fb53395.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1378" height="426"><h3>4 Advanced Particle Platforms</h3>All four of the Biozen particle platforms were individually designed and built by Phenomenex to take advantage of integral levels of performance, ruggedness, and reproducibility for protein characterization applications. Individually, each platform differs in the proprietary processing techniques used to control particle size and morphology.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Advanced_Particle_Platforms_a0959aca03.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Advanced Particle Platforms" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Advanced_Particle_Platforms_a0959aca03.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1439" height="868">

Phenomenex Biozen SEC-2 LC columns

Biozen SEC columns are extremely inert, high density fully porous particle with high efficiency and low molecular weight separation range.

Biozen SEC columns are extremely inert, high density fully porous particle with high efficiency and low molecular weight (LMW) separation range of 1 k – 450 kDa.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Biozen_SEC_3_3a6e232271.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Biozen SEC-2" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Biozen_SEC_3_3a6e232271.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"><ul><li>Separation Mode: Gel Filtration Chromatography (GFC)</li><li>Particle Size: 1.8</li><li>Recommended Use: Low molecular weight (LMW) separation range of 1 k – 450 kDa</li></ul><h3>Phenomenex Biozen Biologics LC Columns</h3>With a new titanium BioTi™ biocompatible hardware to minimize priming, four particle platforms for optimal versatility and nine particle chemistries to maximize selectivity and sensitivity, Biozen UHPLC/HPLC columns for protein analysis are seamlessly designed to bring peace of mind to your analysis of biologics through:<ul><li>Charge Variant Analysis</li><li>Aggregate Analysis</li><li>Peptide Mapping</li><li>Intact Mass Analysis</li><li>Intact and Subunit Analysis</li><li>Glycan Analysis</li><li>Peptide Quantitation</li><li>Drug Antibody Ratio (DAR)</li><li>Oligonucleotide Characterization</li></ul><h3>Biocompatible Flow Path with BioTi™ Hardware</h3>Keep your mind at ease knowing that we’ve minimized the need for priming with a new titanium infused biocompatible hardware and frit that doesn’t interfere with protein or peptide integrity!<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Bio_Ti_Hardware_991fb53395.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: BioTi Hardware" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Bio_Ti_Hardware_991fb53395.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1378" height="426"><h3>4 Advanced Particle Platforms</h3>All four of the Biozen particle platforms were individually designed and built by Phenomenex to take advantage of integral levels of performance, ruggedness, and reproducibility for protein characterization applications. Individually, each platform differs in the proprietary processing techniques used to control particle size and morphology.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Advanced_Particle_Platforms_a0959aca03.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Advanced Particle Platforms" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Advanced_Particle_Platforms_a0959aca03.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1439" height="868">

Phenomenex Biozen dSEC-2 LC columns

Biozen dSEC columns use low-pore silica with a proprietary hydrophilic diol bond to prevent silica-protein interactions.

Advanced SEC Silica Particle Technology and Surface Chemistry for Characterizing BiomoleculesThe Biozen dSEC columns are packed with low pore volume silica coupled with a proprietary hydrophilic diol-type bonded surface chemistry that prevents the silica surface from interacting with protein samples.<ul><li>Exceptionally Robust, Pore Controlled SEC Particle</li><li>Extreme Stability and Exceptional Lifetime</li><li>Reproducible Separations</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Biozen_dsec_63af9af237.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Biozen-dSEC-2" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Biozen_dsec_63af9af237.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"><ul><li>Separation Mode: Gel Filtration Chromatography (GFC)</li><li>Pore size: 200</li><li>Particle Size: 1.8, 3</li><li>Recommended Use: Analysis of monoclonal antibodies, biosimilars and other biomolecules by using specific molecular weights with improved column lifetimes and recovery</li></ul><h4>Biozen SEC Proprietary Silica Particle Technology</h4>The Biozen dSEC columns are packed with low pore volume silica coupled with a proprietary hydrophilic diol-type bonded surface chemistry that prevents the silica surface from interacting with protein samples.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Biozen_SEC_Proprietary_Silica_Particle_Technology_502218b910.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Biozen SEC Proprietary Silica Particle Technology" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Biozen_SEC_Proprietary_Silica_Particle_Technology_502218b910.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1448" height="469"><h4>Improved Column Lifetime and Performance Stability</h4>Phenomenex’s optimized SEC column loading technology has significantly improved the overall packing density and silica distribution of the columns leading to improved chromatographic lifetime and stability.<h4>New Standard for Platform SEC Methods</h4>Whether IgG2 or IgG4 isotypes, bispecifics, or Fc-Fusions, dSEC-2 provides excellent separation and sample recovery for many different classes of antibodies and related recombinant proteins.<h3>Phenomenex Biozen Biologics LC Columns</h3>With a new titanium BioTi™ biocompatible hardware to minimize priming, four particle platforms for optimal versatility and nine particle chemistries to maximize selectivity and sensitivity, Biozen UHPLC/HPLC columns for protein analysis are seamlessly designed to bring peace of mind to your analysis of biologics through:<ul><li>Charge Variant Analysis</li><li>Aggregate Analysis</li><li>Peptide Mapping</li><li>Intact Mass Analysis</li><li>Intact and Subunit Analysis</li><li>Glycan Analysis</li><li>Peptide Quantitation</li><li>Drug Antibody Ratio (DAR)</li><li>Oligonucleotide Characterization</li></ul><h3>Biocompatible Flow Path with BioTi™ Hardware</h3>Keep your mind at ease knowing that we’ve minimized the need for priming with a new titanium infused biocompatible hardware and frit that doesn’t interfere with protein or peptide integrity!<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Bio_Ti_Hardware_991fb53395.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: BioTi Hardware" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Bio_Ti_Hardware_991fb53395.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1378" height="426"><h3>4 Advanced Particle Platforms</h3>All four of the Biozen particle platforms were individually designed and built by Phenomenex to take advantage of integral levels of performance, ruggedness, and reproducibility for protein characterization applications. Individually, each platform differs in the proprietary processing techniques used to control particle size and morphology.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Advanced_Particle_Platforms_a0959aca03.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Advanced Particle Platforms" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Advanced_Particle_Platforms_a0959aca03.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1439" height="868">

Phenomenex Biozen dSEC-7 LC columns

dSEC-7 optimizes dimensions to save sample, speed up runs, and enhance resolution for AAVs and large biomolecule separations.

AAV and Large Biomolecule Aggregate Analysis​Biozen dSEC-7 columns are packed with 700 Å large pore silica coupled with a proprietary hydrophilic diol-type bonded surface chemistry that ensures silica surface interactions are mitigated. Designed with optimized column dimensions, dSEC-7 conserves valuable sample consumption, facilitates faster run times, and maximizes resolution for AAVs and large biomolecule separations.Robust and reliable aggregate analysis:<ul><li>Baseline resolution of monomer/aggregate species through 700 Å pore size</li><li>Reduction in sample consumption by up to 90 % compared to traditional SEC columns</li><li>Reduction in method times by up to 50 % when compared to traditional SEC columns</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Biozen_dsec_63af9af237.webp" alt="Phenomenex: Biozen-dSEC-7" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Biozen_dsec_63af9af237.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="500" height="150"><ul><li>Separation Mode: Gel Filtration Chromatography (GFC)</li><li>Pore size: 700</li><li>Recommended Use: Aggregate analysis of AAVs and other large biomolecules using specific molecular weights that conserves sample consumption, facilitates faster run times, and maximizes resolution.</li></ul><h4>An SEC Column for AAV Aggregate Analysis</h4><figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:668/575;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Biozen_d_SEC_7_Column_b307c4217d.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Biozen dSEC-7 Column" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Biozen_d_SEC_7_Column_b307c4217d.jpg 182w," sizes="100vw" width="668" height="575"></figure><h4>Biozen dSEC-7 Features</h4><h5>Improved Loading</h5><ul><li>dSEC-7 addresses the challenge of aggregate analysis by offering accurate detection and separation with injections as low as 0.5 µL. Unlike traditional methods that demand large sample volumes, dSEC-7 conserves valuable samples, allowing for replicate analyses and ensuring availability for other CQA tests.</li></ul><h5>Mobile Phase Flexibility</h5><ul><li>dSEC-7’s particle properties facilitate robust separation of monomer from aggregate species, regardless of which mobile phase best suits your sample. This ensures reproducible results while accommodating unique sample demands, easing the burden of method condition optimization during development.</li></ul><h5>Serotype Versatility</h5><ul><li>With its robust performance and 700 Å pore size, dSEC-7 effectively resolves monomer from aggregate peaks across various AAV serotypes. This capability is crucial for evaluating appropriate serotype candidates, each varying in its unique tissue and cell tropisms, to ensure desired therapeutic outcomes are achieved.</li></ul><h5>Instrument Agnostic Performance</h5><ul><li>Despite differences in dwell volume and dispersion across various sites and departments, dSEC-7 consistently delivers robust and reproducible performance across commercially available LC instrumentation. This ensures reliable results regardless of variations in equipment, setup, or location.</li></ul><h5>Outperforms Trending Solutions</h5><ul><li>dSEC-7 excels in providing superior resolution over market alternatives, particularly when characterizing higher-level aggregates in AAV analysis. Unlike current market solutions with insufficient particle pore size, dSEC-7 ensures accurate and reproducible separation of AAV monomer from aggregates.</li></ul><h5>Enhanced Detector Flexibility</h5><ul><li>Conquer sample limitations using SEC-FLR for heightened sensitivity, SEC-MALS for precise molecular weight determination, or SEC-UV for routine analysis. Achieving comprehensive AAV characterization insights by transferring methods across detector technologies with unique benefits is now seamless.</li></ul><h3>Phenomenex Biozen Biologics LC Columns</h3>With a new titanium BioTi™ biocompatible hardware to minimize priming, four particle platforms for optimal versatility and nine particle chemistries to maximize selectivity and sensitivity, Biozen UHPLC/HPLC columns for protein analysis are seamlessly designed to bring peace of mind to your analysis of biologics through:<ul><li>Charge Variant Analysis</li><li>Aggregate Analysis</li><li>Peptide Mapping</li><li>Intact Mass Analysis</li><li>Intact and Subunit Analysis</li><li>Glycan Analysis</li><li>Peptide Quantitation</li><li>Drug Antibody Ratio (DAR)</li><li>Oligonucleotide Characterization</li></ul><h3>Biocompatible Flow Path with BioTi™ Hardware</h3>Keep your mind at ease knowing that we’ve minimized the need for priming with a new titanium infused biocompatible hardware and frit that doesn’t interfere with protein or peptide integrity!<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Bio_Ti_Hardware_991fb53395.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: BioTi Hardware" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Bio_Ti_Hardware_991fb53395.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1378" height="426"><h3>4 Advanced Particle Platforms</h3>All four of the Biozen particle platforms were individually designed and built by Phenomenex to take advantage of integral levels of performance, ruggedness, and reproducibility for protein characterization applications. Individually, each platform differs in the proprietary processing techniques used to control particle size and morphology.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Phenomenex_Advanced_Particle_Platforms_a0959aca03.jpg" alt="Phenomenex: Advanced Particle Platforms" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Phenomenex_Advanced_Particle_Platforms_a0959aca03.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1439" height="868">

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA SuperOH-P Columns for GPC/SEC

Optimally suited for aqueous SEC separations. Aqueous and highly hydrophilic polymeric base material.

AppliChrom® SEC columns for biopolymers and aqueous polymersOptimally suited for aqueous SEC separations. Aqueous and highly hydrophilic polymeric base material. Polymethacrylate resin, cross-linked with polyhydroxylated ether (surface contains some residual carboxyl functional groups)<h4>Properties:</h4><ul><li>Particle size: 7 µm for pore sizes up to 300 Å and 10 µm for pore sizes over 350 Å and the multipore columns</li><li>Stable between: pH 2–12.5</li><li>Pressure stable: for 30–70 bar depending on pore size</li><li>Temperature stability: between 10–85 °C</li><li>Flow rate: maximum 1 ml/min</li><li>Low column bleed for low detector noise</li><li>Large pore volume for optimal resolution</li><li>Individual pore sizes for individual molecular weight ranges</li><li>Multi-pore technology for a wide range of molecular sizes</li><li>Increased lifetime of SEC columns through combination of proprietary particle and packing technology</li><li>Recommended eluents: H₂O, buffers</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_Super_OH_P_Pore_sizes_4cb72c682d.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA SuperOH-P - Pore sizes" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_Super_OH_P_Pore_sizes_4cb72c682d.jpg 216w," sizes="100vw" width="1478" height="1071"><h4>Applications</h4>Water soluble (bio)polymers up to 40 000 kDa:<ul><li>proteins, oligonucleotides, virus, heparin, polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyethylene glycol (PEG), pullulan, maltodextrin, inulin, pectine, polycarboxylate ethers, gelatine, dextranes, polyacrylamide (PAM), PEGylated proteins acrylate dispersions</li></ul><h3>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</h3>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratoriesGel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a wide range of pore sizes (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and several particle sizes (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"><h3>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO, PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li>Seperation Ranges: 100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</h4>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718">

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA RPpetide GPC Columns for RP

AppliChrom® Polymer based reversed phase (RP) columns to reversed phase (RP) separation with orthogonal selectivity to silica based columns.

AppliChrom® Polymer based reversed phase (RP) columns<h4>Properties:</h4><ul><li>Rigid, spherical styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer&nbsp;</li><li>Particle sizes between: 3 to 30 μm</li><li>Pore sizes of: 100–1 000 Å</li><li>Reversed Phase (RP) separation with orthogonal selectivity to silica based columns</li><li>Improved chemical stability</li><li>Stable between: pH 1.5–14</li><li>Temperature stability: 10–90 °C</li><li>Stable towards pressures: up to 150 bar</li><li>Low backpressure with high plate counts, ideal for preparative applications</li><li>Low column bleed for low detector noise</li><li>Up and down scaling ensured beteween analytical RP-HPLC and preparative process chromatography</li><li>Recommended eluents: &nbsp;H₂O/ACN or H₂O/MeOH with up to 1 % TFA, FA or NaOH additive</li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Polar peptides, proteins or vitamins, hydrophobic amines</li></ul><h3>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</h3>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratoriesGel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a wide range of pore sizes (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and several particle sizes (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"><h3>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO, PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li>Seperation Ranges: 100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</h4>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718">

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA VivoSep SEC Columns

AppliChrom® SEC columns for water soluble (bio)polymers are multi hydrophilic layered SEC media for highest efficiency and low interaction.

AppliChrom® SEC columns for water soluble (bio)polymers<h4>Properties:</h4><ul><li>Multi hydrophilic layered SEC media for highest efficiency and low interaction</li><li>Available seperation ranges: from small molecules up to 5 500 kDa</li><li>Temperature stability: 10-90 °C</li><li>Stable between: pH 2–10</li><li>Pressure stability: up to 200 bar</li><li>Simple adaptation from HPLC to SEC with stainless steel instruments</li><li>Versatile tool for accurate protein molecular weight or size determination</li><li>Low column bleed for low detector noise</li><li>Increased lifetime of SEC columns through combination of proprietary particle and packing technology</li><li>Recommended eluents: H₂O, buffers</li></ul><h4>Applications</h4><ul><li>Water soluble proteins, humic substances</li></ul><h3>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</h3>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratoriesGel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a wide range of pore sizes (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and several particle sizes (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"><h3>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO, PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li>Seperation Ranges: 100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</h4>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718">

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil SEC Columns

Interaction-free pure GPC & SEC base material with focus on polycationic, polyelectrolytic or funktional amine analytes

AppliChrom® SEC columns for neutral, anionic and additional cationic polymers<h4>Properties:</h4><ul><li>Interaction-free pure GPC &amp; SEC base material with focus on polycationic, polyelectrolytic or funktional amine analytes</li><li>No salt addition is needed to surpress surface adsorption</li><li>No ion exclusion phenomena</li><li>Possible to be used in universal calibration &amp; accurate molecular weight determination even for small polycationic molecules</li><li>Temperature stability between: 10–90 °C</li><li>Stable with: pH 2–10</li><li>Simple, reliable and robust GPC &amp; SEC calibration from dextrans, pullulans et al.</li><li>Low column bleed for low detector gain for improved refractive index, light scattering or viscosity detection</li><li>Large volume and optimized mass transfer for polymers with optimized resolution</li><li>Low cost due to long column lifetime - result of the combination of optimized particle and packing technology</li><li>Recommended eluents: H₂O, buffers</li></ul><h4>Applications</h4>Water soluble analytes like:<ul><li>polycations, polyamines (chitosanes), polyethylenoxides, polysaccharides, polyanions (heparins, pectins), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyethylene glycol (PEG), Ppolyethyleneimins (PEI), polyvinylimidazole</li></ul><h3>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</h3>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratoriesGel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a wide range of pore sizes (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and several particle sizes (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"><h3>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO, PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li>Seperation Ranges: 100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</h4>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718">

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe GPC Columns

Organic polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer base material with high porosity for high resolution

AppliChrom® GPC columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules with THF, toluene, chloroform<h4>Properties:</h4><ul><li>Organic polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer base material with high porosity for high resolution</li><li>High pressure stability: up to 150 bar</li><li>Temperature stable: between 10-145 °C</li><li>GPC range: from 0.1 up to 50 000 kDa</li><li>Low column bleed for low detector noise</li><li>High purity to eliminate adsorptive effects and combine pure GPC with long lifetime</li><li>Large calibration ranges for several decades due to the unique process of BPT technology</li><li>Range of individual porosities that can be used individually or in combination</li><li>Optimized for: 1 ml/min flow rate for 8 mm ID columns</li><li>High level of reproducibility and peak precision due to the advanced packing procedure</li><li>Recommended eluents: THF, Toluene, CHCl₃, dichlorbenzene, hexane/EtOAc (10:90, V:V)</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_Sty_Di_Vi_Be_P_Molecular_sizes_range_ca9a682d2e.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe-P - Molecular sizes range" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_Sty_Di_Vi_Be_P_Molecular_sizes_range_ca9a682d2e.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1072" height="712"><h4>Applications</h4>Hydrophobic oligomers or polymers like:<ul><li>PVC, PMMA, polystyrene, epoxy resins, polyesters, bisphenol A resins</li></ul><h3>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</h3>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratoriesGel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a wide range of pore sizes (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and several particle sizes (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"><h3>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO, PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li>Seperation Ranges: 100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</h4>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718">

Products from category GPC/SEC HPLC columns focused on LC columns - page 2

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