EU Regulation 396/2005: Pesticide Residue Testing and the Critical Role of QuEChERS Evaporation in Food Safety

<div><div>Researchers led by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://kudova.group.uochb.cz/en">Eva Kudová</a> from IOCB Prague and Jitka Viktorová from UCT Prague have identified new androstane-based steroid derivatives that can significantly improve the effectiveness of existing antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.</div></div><div>The team screened dozens of natural steroidal hormones and synthetic derivatives to see whether they could block bacterial efflux pumps – mechanisms that bacteria use to eject antibiotics and survive treatment. Two compounds emerged as particularly promising: they inhibited efflux pumps and lowered the effective doses of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and erythromycin.Further analysis showed that one of the compounds also suppressed genes linked to bacterial virulence. Another key finding is that the most active molecules are non-toxic to human immune cells and showed no detectable endocrine activity, suggesting a favorable safety profile.These findings support the idea that rationally designed steroid-based molecules could act as antibiotic adjuvants, helping existing drugs overcome bacterial resistance.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/IOCB_Prague_Steroidal_hormones_and_neurosteroids_novel_therapeutic_strategies_in_bacterial_infections_8e5d2a7b48.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague: Steroidal hormones and neurosteroids – novel therapeutic strategies in bacterial infections" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_IOCB_Prague_Steroidal_hormones_and_neurosteroids_novel_therapeutic_strategies_in_bacterial_infections_8e5d2a7b48.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="1258" height="886"><blockquote><h4>Original Article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0223523426001613?via%3Dihub">Steroidal hormones and neurosteroids - novel therapeutic strategies in bacterial infections: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation</a></h4>Daniela Brdová, Bára Křížkovská, Jan Špaček, Zdeněk Míchal, Eva Jablonská, Ondřej Strnad, Hana Chodounská, Eszter Szánti-Pintér, Marina Morozovová, Václav Hanžl, Jan Tkadlec, Martijn Riool, Jan Lipov, Jitka Viktorová, Eva Kudová&nbsp;Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2026, 308, 118716<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2026.118716">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2026.118716</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>The global rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates novel therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases. Inhibition of bacterial efflux pumps, which contribute to multidrug resistance, represents a promising approach to restore or even increase the efficacy of existing antibiotics. Using fluorescence-based ethidium bromide accumulation, broth microdilution, and checkerboard assays, we evaluated 26 endogenous steroidal hormones and neurosteroids, along with 30 synthetic derivatives, for their ability to enhance antibiotic susceptibility in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Structure-activity relationship analysis identified compounds 13 and 16 as lead candidates, exhibiting strong efflux pump inhibition and marked reductions in the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. Both compounds showed additive effects in checkerboard assays. Modifications at C-3 (polar substitution) and C-17 (3α,5β-stereochemistry and nonpolar substitution) were essential for potent efflux inhibition and sensitization, although these modifications were not additive when combined. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that compound 13 significantly downregulated S. aureus virulence-associated genes when administered alone or in combination with antibiotics. Cytotoxicity assessment in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and receptor transactivation assays for estrogen, androgen, and progesterone receptors indicated that the most active derivatives were non-toxic and lacked detectable endocrine activity, suggesting a favorable safety profile. Overall, these findings support the concept that rationally designed andostane-based steroidal scaffolds can function as competitive bacterial efflux pump inhibitors and serve as potential antibiotic adjuvants to mitigate efflux-mediated resistance.<h4>Instrumentation</h4><h5>Structural characterization</h5><ul><li>AVANCE III 400 MHz NMR spectrometer (Bruker)</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=LTQ+Orbitrap+XL">LTQ Orbitrap XL HRMS</a> (Thermo Fisher Scientific, ESI)</li></ul></div>

Steroidal hormones and neurosteroids – novel therapeutic strategies in bacterial infections

Metformin is currently the first-line oral drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It reduces glucose production in the liver, improves tissue sensitivity to insulin, and does not cause weight gain or hypoglycemia, which sets it apart from some other antidiabetic drugs. Moreover, its long-term beneficial effects on the risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes have been well established. Researchers from the Institute of Physiology CAS (IPHYS) have identified a new group of blood metabolites that could help physicians objectively monitor whether patients with type 2 diabetes are taking their metformin as prescribed.<h4>New biomarkers for metformin use</h4>A team led by Tomáš Čajka from the Laboratory of Translational Metabolism at IPHYS analyzed plasma samples from 637 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and 143 non-diabetic controls using advanced metabolomics and lipidomics. Among 614 detected metabolites, they identified five from the group of N-lactoyl-amino acids (e.g. N‑lactoyl-phenylalanine), which had previously been seen as unknown signals due to missing reference spectra in databases. The levels of these metabolites in the blood closely reflected the plasma concentrations of metformin. In patients with the highest metformin exposure, the concentrations of these metabolites were up to 7.2 times higher than in controls.<h4>A sensitive “fingerprint” of the drug’s effect</h4>N-Lactoyl-amino acids are formed in cells by combining lactate and amino acids, thus reflecting the metformin-induced changes in cellular energy metabolism. “Importantly, even though they occur in plasma only at nanomolar concentrations, they reliably distinguish patients who take metformin regularly from those who take it irregularly or not at all,” emphasizes T. Čajka.<h4>Metabolomics in practice and international collaboration</h4>The study also provides a detailed description of broader metabolic changes in type 2 diabetes, including increases in lactate, organic acids, and branched-chain amino acids, as well as extensive remodelling of the lipid profile. In addition to T. Čajka’s team, collaborators from the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague and the West Coast Metabolomics Center (University of California, Davis) also participated in the study.The results demonstrate that advanced metabolomics approaches developed at IPHYS within the CarDia project can find highly practical applications both in clinical studies and in personalized monitoring of treatment in patients with diabetes.<blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpt.70205">Untargeted Metabolomics Identifies N-Lactoyl-Amino Acids as Dose-Responsive Plasma Biomarkers of Metformin Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes</a></h4>Tomas Cajka, Jiri Hricko, Lucie Rudl Kulhava, Michaela Paucova, Michaela Novakova, Veronika Hola, Stanislava Rakusanova, Oliver Fiehn, Vojtech Skop, Ivana Lankova, Iva Miskova, Terezie Pelikanova, Martin HaluzikClin Pharmacol Ther, 119: 1057-1069<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.70205">https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.70205</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>Metformin is the most widely prescribed antidiabetic drug, yet adherence remains difficult to objectively assess. Using untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics, we analyzed plasma from 637 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with confirmed metformin use and 143 nondiabetic controls, annotating 614 metabolites. Patients were stratified by plasma metformin into sub-therapeutic, therapeutic, and supra-therapeutic groups, and associations were evaluated by multiple linear regression and composite metabolite ranking. Five previously unannotated features were structurally identified as N-lactoyl-amino acids, whose levels correlated strongly with plasma metformin (ρ = 0.42–0.55, P &lt; 0.0001) and increased up to 7.2-fold in the supra-therapeutic group (&gt; 2000 ng/mL). While N-lactoyl-amino acids were consistently detected in the nanomolar range, they still displayed robust and dose-dependent associations with metformin. Broader metabolic changes in T2D included elevated lactate, organic acids, and branched-chain amino acids, together with reduced urea cycle metabolites. Lipidomics showed increases in saturated triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols and decreases in cholesteryl esters, sphingomyelins, and phospholipids. These findings establish N-lactoyl-amino acids as robust, dose-responsive plasma biomarkers of metformin exposure. Despite being up to four orders of magnitude less abundant than their amino acid precursors, they sensitively reflect mitochondrial lactate overflow and pharmacodynamic adaptation, offering objective assessment of adherence.

New blood biomarkers reveal how faithfully diabetes patients take metformin

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The Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS) was established by Act No. 283/1992 Coll. as the Czech successor of the former Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. It is set up as a complex of 54 public research institutions.

Czech Academy of Sciences

The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague) is a leading scientific institution in the Czech Republic, recognized internationally. Its primary mission is basic research in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, organic and material oriented chemistry, chemistry of natural compounds, biochemistry and molecular biology, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. 

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

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KNAUER AZURA® Bio Compact AC FPLC System

The AZURA Compact AC system qualifies for fast and reliable affinity chromatography. 

KNAUER protein purification: The flexible FPLC platformAZURA® Bio purification systems&nbsp;complete solutions for FPLC on a minimum footprint: AZURA FPLC systems combine flexibility and reliability. The biocompatible/metal-free FPLC is the perfect choice for your protein purification task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Compact AC FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1506" height="600">Design your AZURA Bio purification system to fit your needs. Multiple functionalities such as automatic sample injection via autosampler, column switching, buffer and sample selection, and fraction collection enable automation of the purification process.A wide range of detectors ensures the visibility of target molecules. Various flow rates and compatibility with columns from all vendors provide maximum flexibility. The intuitive PurityChrom® software integrates all the advantages of a versatile purification system.<h3>AZURA® Bio Compact AC FPLC System</h3><h4>For affinity chromatography</h4>The AZURA Compact AC system qualifies for fast and reliable affinity chromatography. Select your sample, washing, and elution buffer using the selection valve. Your proteins of interest are detected by UV and automatically collected via the fractionation valve.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_4_bef2309e7d.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Compact AC FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_4_bef2309e7d.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1666" height="513"><h3>Key features</h3><ul><li data-start="93" data-end="153">Flow rate: 0.01–50 ml/min (recommended: 1–40 ml/min)</li><li data-start="154" data-end="193">Maximum system pressure: 50 bar</li><li data-start="194" data-end="278">Sample and buffer selection: Automatic valve for up to 12 buffers or samples</li><li data-start="279" data-end="349">Detection: Variable single wavelength UV detector (190–500 nm)</li><li data-start="350" data-end="429">Column compatibility: Compatible with affinity columns from all vendors</li><li data-start="430" data-end="574">Fraction collection: 16-port fractionation valve, capable of collecting up to 16 fractions for flow-through, wash, and elution fractions</li><li data-start="575" data-end="663">Software: Intuitive and powerful PurityChrom® software, 21 CFR Part 11 compliant</li><li data-start="664" data-end="737">Affinity purification: Designed for tagged proteins or antibodies</li><li data-start="738" data-end="867">Compact system: User-friendly and cost-efficient, with the ability to upgrade for more complex protein purification tasks</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_5_17f4f13731.jpg" alt="KNAUER AZURA® Bio Compact AC FPLC System: Protein purification based on high affinity Chromatogram &amp; Legend." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_5_17f4f13731.jpg 209w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="766">&nbsp;

KNAUER AZURA® Bio Compact SEC FPLC System

AZURA Compact SEC systems handle time-consuming SEC methods in your lab without occupying your valuable FPLC system.

KNAUER protein purification: The flexible FPLC platformAZURA® Bio purification systems&nbsp;complete solutions for FPLC on a minimum footprint: AZURA FPLC systems combine flexibility and reliability. The biocompatible/metal-free FPLC is the perfect choice for your protein purification task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Compact AC FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1506" height="600">Design your AZURA Bio purification system to fit your needs. Multiple functionalities such as automatic sample injection via autosampler, column switching, buffer and sample selection, and fraction collection enable automation of the purification process.A wide range of detectors ensures the visibility of target molecules. Various flow rates and compatibility with columns from all vendors provide maximum flexibility. The intuitive PurityChrom® software integrates all the advantages of a versatile purification system.<h3>AZURA® Bio Compact SEC FPLC System</h3><h4>For Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC)</h4>AZURA Compact SEC systems take over time-consuming SEC methods in your lab without blocking your valuable FPLC system. Due to its compact design and intuitive FPLC software PurityChrom®, the system offers outstanding performance and ease of use.&nbsp;Pre-designed methods are included in the software for the designated SEC system and can be easily adapted by changing the column volume. AZURA Compact SEC supports all columns available on the market.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_SEC_FPLC_System_4_f5efb08061.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Compact SEC FPLC System " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_SEC_FPLC_System_4_f5efb08061.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1358" height="540"><h3>Key features</h3><ul><li data-start="93" data-end="157">Flow rate: 0.001–10 ml/min (recommended: 0.1–8.0 ml/min)</li><li data-start="158" data-end="197">Maximum system pressure: 50 bar</li><li data-start="198" data-end="276">Injection system: Injection valve for sample injection via sample loop</li><li data-start="277" data-end="347">Detection: Variable single wavelength UV detector (190–500 nm)</li><li data-start="348" data-end="423">Fraction collection: Fraction collector for automated fractionation</li><li data-start="424" data-end="522">Column compatibility: Supports columns from all vendors, including third-party SEC columns</li><li data-start="523" data-end="611">Software: Intuitive and powerful PurityChrom® software, 21 CFR Part 11 compliant</li><li data-start="612" data-end="780">System design:<ul data-start="637" data-end="780"><li data-start="637" data-end="666">Isocratic buffer delivery</li><li data-start="669" data-end="687">Loop injection</li><li data-start="690" data-end="734">Wide range of collection racks available</li><li data-start="737" data-end="780">Specially designed for SEC applications</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_SEC_FPLC_System_3_7a4bc1f60b.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Compact SEC FPLC System " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_SEC_FPLC_System_3_7a4bc1f60b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1920" height="1152">Don't use your valuable gradient FPLC system for boring and time-consuming size exclusion separations. Choose your dedicated AZURA SEC system.<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:690/490;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_SEC_FPLC_System_45d5079064.webp" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Compact SEC FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_SEC_FPLC_System_45d5079064.webp 220w," sizes="100vw" width="690" height="490"></figure>With its compact design and intuitive software, the system offers excellent performance, ease of use and supports all SEC columns available on the market.​

KNAUER AZURA® Bio Lab FPLC System

AZURA Bio Lab allows you to create FPLC systems with highest independence. Just pick your modules and build-up the system yourself. The intuitive software PurityChrom will be flexibly adjusted to your system.

KNAUER protein purification: The flexible FPLC platformAZURA® Bio purification systems&nbsp;complete solutions for FPLC on a minimum footprint: AZURA FPLC systems combine flexibility and reliability. The biocompatible/metal-free FPLC is the perfect choice for your protein purification task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Compact AC FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1506" height="600">Design your AZURA Bio purification system to fit your needs. Multiple functionalities such as automatic sample injection via autosampler, column switching, buffer and sample selection, and fraction collection enable automation of the purification process.A wide range of detectors ensures the visibility of target molecules. Various flow rates and compatibility with columns from all vendors provide maximum flexibility. The intuitive PurityChrom® software integrates all the advantages of a versatile purification system.<h3>AZURA® Bio Lab FPLC System</h3><h4>R&amp;D-scale gradient system for complex purifications of bio molecules</h4>AZURA Bio Lab allows you to create FPLC systems with highest independence. Just pick your modules and build-up the system yourself. The intuitive software PurityChrom will be flexibly adjusted to your system.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_FPLC_System_3_7b22a3e099.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Lab FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_FPLC_System_3_7b22a3e099.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1645" height="671"><h3>Key features</h3><ul><li data-start="93" data-end="145">Flow rate: 0.001–50 ml/min (maximum 240 bar)</li><li data-start="146" data-end="224">Injection system: Sample injections via sample loop and/or sample pump</li><li data-start="225" data-end="295">Detection: Variable single wavelength UV detector (190–500 nm)</li><li data-start="296" data-end="386">Fraction collection: XY fraction collector for large volumes or numerous fractions</li><li data-start="387" data-end="493">Column compatibility: Supports up to 7 columns for method development – all FPLC columns supported</li><li data-start="494" data-end="584">Suitable for Ion-exchange, HILIC, affinity, SEC, and RP</li><li data-start="585" data-end="640">Reproducible and automated protein purification</li><li data-start="641" data-end="695">System usability: Suitable for cold room usage</li><li data-start="696" data-end="820">Software:<ul data-start="716" data-end="820"><li data-start="716" data-end="780">Intuitive and powerful PurityChrom® software (basic license)</li><li data-start="783" data-end="820">21 CFR Part 11 compliant software</li></ul></li><li data-start="821" data-end="924">Additional features:<ul data-start="852" data-end="924"><li data-start="852" data-end="924">Conductivity and pH-monitoring, pressure, and air sensors (optional)</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_FPLC_System_4740938659.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Lab FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_FPLC_System_4740938659.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1920" height="1279">From simple to advanced, from lab to process scale – configure your FPLC with our modular design according to your purification needs.Designed and optimized for all FPLC applications such as affinity, ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and size exclusion chromatography. All system modules can be expanded with additional modules.

KNAUER AZURA® Bio Lab Advanced FPLC System

Gradient-capable FPLC system for a wide range of purifications including automated two-step applications

KNAUER protein purification: The flexible FPLC platformAZURA® Bio purification systems&nbsp;complete solutions for FPLC on a minimum footprint: AZURA FPLC systems combine flexibility and reliability. The biocompatible/metal-free FPLC is the perfect choice for your protein purification task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Compact AC FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1506" height="600">Design your AZURA Bio purification system to fit your needs. Multiple functionalities such as automatic sample injection via autosampler, column switching, buffer and sample selection, and fraction collection enable automation of the purification process.A wide range of detectors ensures the visibility of target molecules. Various flow rates and compatibility with columns from all vendors provide maximum flexibility. The intuitive PurityChrom® software integrates all the advantages of a versatile purification system.<h3>AZURA® Bio Lab Advanced FPLC System</h3><h4>Gradient-capable FPLC system for a wide range of purifications including automated two-step applications</h4>Protein purification involves most of the times two to three steps:<ol><li>capture step</li><li>optional intermediated step</li><li>polishing step</li></ol>The transition from one to another step generally involves manual interaction and thus is time-consuming. Automation by combining these steps increases the efficiency and optimizes the workflow.&nbsp;The quick and automated linkage of multiple chromatographic purification steps into one method eliminates manual sample handling and minimizes time spent between steps. This automation strategy can be easily adapted to each purification task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_FPLC_System_3_7b22a3e099.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Lab Advanced FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_FPLC_System_3_7b22a3e099.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1645" height="671"><h3>Key features</h3><ul data-start="93" data-end="1077"><li data-start="93" data-end="144">Flow rate: 0.001–50 ml/min (maximum 50 bar)</li><li data-start="145" data-end="263">Injection system: Sample injection via loop or sample pump, with automated storage and reinjection of proteins</li><li data-start="264" data-end="433">Detection system:<ul data-start="292" data-end="433"><li data-start="292" data-end="320">Multichannel UV detector</li><li data-start="323" data-end="405">Highly sensitive multi-wavelength detector for proteins, DNA/RNA, and peptides</li><li data-start="408" data-end="433">Conductivity detector</li></ul></li><li data-start="434" data-end="566">Fraction collection: XY fraction collector with outlet valve for automated collection of large volumes or numerous fractions</li><li data-start="567" data-end="673">Column compatibility: Supports up to 7 columns for method development – all FPLC columns supported</li><li data-start="674" data-end="764">Suitable for Ion-exchange, HILIC, affinity, SEC, and RP</li><li data-start="765" data-end="864">Automation: Enables challenging protein purification tasks with minimal manual intervention</li><li data-start="865" data-end="973">Software:<ul data-start="885" data-end="973"><li data-start="885" data-end="933">Intuitive and powerful PurityChrom® software</li><li data-start="936" data-end="973">21 CFR Part 11 compliant software</li></ul></li><li data-start="974" data-end="1077">Additional features:<ul data-start="1005" data-end="1077"><li data-start="1005" data-end="1077">Conductivity and pH-monitoring, pressure, and air sensors (optional)</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_Advanced_FPLC_System_3_9cf517ceaf.webp" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Lab Advanced FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_Advanced_FPLC_System_3_9cf517ceaf.webp 234w," sizes="100vw" width="690" height="460"><h3>Two-step purification: Special multi-column chromatography solutions</h3>Designed and optimized for all FPLC applications such as affinity, ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and size exclusion chromatography. In addition, you can perform dedicated twoSTEP applications.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_Advanced_FPLC_System_44bff80cfc.webp" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Lab Advanced FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_Advanced_FPLC_System_44bff80cfc.webp 209w," sizes="100vw" width="1920" height="1434"><h3>Automated two-step purification of mouse IgG antibodies</h3><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_Advanced_FPLC_System_4_c86d2177ce.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Lab Advanced FPLC System: The affinity chromatography step was automatically combined with a gel filtration step to exchange the buffer of the purified mouse IgG antibodies; Phase 1: Column equilibration, Phase 2: Sample injection and washing, Phase 3: Elution of IgG from protein A column, Phase 4: Desalting of IgG." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_Advanced_FPLC_System_4_c86d2177ce.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1085" height="605">

KNAUER AZURA® Bio Lab Pilot FPLC System

Configure your FPLC system based on your purification requirements. The Pilot system is designed for scale-up and process applications. All system modules can be expanded with additional modules.

KNAUER protein purification: The flexible FPLC platformAZURA® Bio purification systems&nbsp;complete solutions for FPLC on a minimum footprint: AZURA FPLC systems combine flexibility and reliability. The biocompatible/metal-free FPLC is the perfect choice for your protein purification task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Compact AC FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Compact_AC_FPLC_System_6_a874551078.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1506" height="600">Design your AZURA Bio purification system to fit your needs. Multiple functionalities such as automatic sample injection via autosampler, column switching, buffer and sample selection, and fraction collection enable automation of the purification process.A wide range of detectors ensures the visibility of target molecules. Various flow rates and compatibility with columns from all vendors provide maximum flexibility. The intuitive PurityChrom® software integrates all the advantages of a versatile purification system.<h3>AZURA® Bio Lab Pilot FPLC System</h3><h4>High Flow Bio Purification FPLC System – up to 1000 ml/min</h4>Configure your FPLC system based on your purification requirements. The Pilot system is designed for scale-up and process applications. All system modules can be expanded with additional modules.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_Pilot_FPLC_System_e208baf41d.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® Bio Lab Pilot FPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_Bio_Lab_Pilot_FPLC_System_e208baf41d.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="1000"><h3>Key features</h3><ul data-start="93" data-end="1069"><li data-start="93" data-end="129">Flow rate: 0.001–1000 ml/min</li><li data-start="130" data-end="192">Injection system: Sample pump for large sample volumes</li><li data-start="193" data-end="351">Detection system:<ul data-start="221" data-end="351"><li data-start="221" data-end="276">Variable single wavelength UV detector (190–500 nm)</li><li data-start="279" data-end="351">Conductivity and pH-monitoring, pressure, and air sensors (optional)</li></ul></li><li data-start="352" data-end="465">Fraction collection: XY fraction collector for reliable collection of large volumes or numerous fractions</li><li data-start="466" data-end="559">Suitable for SEC, AC, IEX, and HIC, with upscaling capabilities</li><li data-start="560" data-end="651">Automation: High-flow buffer delivery and mixing for large-scale purification tasks</li><li data-start="652" data-end="739">System design: Same footprint as <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1625">AZURA Lab FPLC systems</a> for compact scalability</li><li data-start="740" data-end="871">Software:<ul data-start="760" data-end="871"><li data-start="760" data-end="831">Intuitive and powerful PurityChrom® software in basic configuration</li><li data-start="834" data-end="871">21 CFR Part 11 compliant software</li></ul></li><li data-start="872" data-end="1069">Scalability:<ul data-start="895" data-end="1069"><li data-start="895" data-end="965">Configure your FPLC system based on your purification requirements</li><li data-start="968" data-end="1069">Scale-up is possible with the same flexibility and software while maintaining a minimal footprint</li></ul></li></ul>

KNAUER AZURA® SEC Compact System

The AZURA SEC Compact systems provide excellent price-to-performance value, ideal for labs entering GPC/SEC, process control, or those with limited budgets and educational needs.

<h3>Compact, versatile system for SEC and GPC applications&nbsp;</h3>The AZURA SEC Compact systems offer an outstanding price-to-performance ratio and are the perfect solution for every laboratory entering the analytical world of GPC/SEC, for process control applications, or for limited-budget and educational laboratories.The heart of the systems is the Assistant ASM 2.2L is a docking station for three compact devices. Valves, pumps and UV detectors can be combined in one housing. Routine maintenance work e.g. replacing the lamp of a detector is easily performed by the user.Thanks to its modular concept the systems can be extended with additional components at any time later.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_SEC_Compact_System_3_313d153f48.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® SEC Compact System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_SEC_Compact_System_3_313d153f48.jpg 237w," sizes="100vw" width="1009" height="664"><h3 data-start="857" data-end="879">Key Features</h3><ul data-start="880" data-end="1168"><li data-start="880" data-end="914">Flow rate: 0.001–10 ml/min</li><li data-start="915" data-end="946">Pressure: Up to 400 bar</li><li data-start="947" data-end="997">Intuitive operation with maximum precision</li><li>Injection via valve drive for minimal pressure spikes</li><li data-start="1043" data-end="1095">Supports a wide range of SEC and GPC columns</li><li data-start="1096" data-end="1128">Dedicated SEC/GPC ClarityChrom® add-on for in-depth data evaluation</li><li data-start="1129" data-end="1168">Expandable, space-saving design</li><li data-start="1129" data-end="1168">Suitable for organic and aqueous eluents</li></ul><h3 data-start="1175" data-end="1219">System Components &amp; Configurations</h3><ul data-start="1220" data-end="1486"><li data-start="1220" data-end="1242">Isocratic pump</li><li data-start="1243" data-end="1270">UV and RI detectors</li><li data-start="1271" data-end="1296">Column thermostat</li><li data-start="1297" data-end="1335">Automatic injection (optional)</li><li data-start="1336" data-end="1393">ClarityChrom® add-on for in-depth data evaluation</li><li data-start="1394" data-end="1486">Choose a hardware version for aqueous SEC of biomolecules or organic GPC of polymers</li></ul><h3 data-start="1493" data-end="1520">Detection Options</h3><ul data-start="1521" data-end="1555"><li data-start="1521" data-end="1555">RI, UV, ELSD, PDA, FLD, MS</li></ul><h3 data-start="1562" data-end="1587">Upgrade Options</h3><ul data-start="1588" data-end="1745"><li data-start="1588" data-end="1649">Automatic solvent recycle valve (cost-saving feature)</li><li data-start="1650" data-end="1666">Degasser</li><li data-start="1667" data-end="1686">Autosampler</li><li data-start="1687" data-end="1745">Additional detectors (RI, UV, ELSD, PDA, FLD, ECD)</li></ul>&nbsp;<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:1886/1452;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_SEC_Compact_System_3c56c6482f.webp" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® SEC Compact System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_SEC_Compact_System_3c56c6482f.webp 203w," sizes="100vw" width="1886" height="1452"></figure>

KNAUER AZURA® SEC Lab System

The AZURA SEC Lab systems are ideal for labs requiring top analytical performance, offering unmatched flow precision and ultra-low pulsation for exceptional retention volume accuracy and reproducibility.

<h3>Highest analytical performance and robustness for SEC and GPC applications</h3>The AZURA SEC Lab systems are the perfect choice for laboratories that demands highest analytical performance. The system shows unsurpassed flow precision paired with ultra-low pulsation for outstanding retention volume precision and reproducibility.The autosampler can inject from up to 768 positions via microtiter plates or 108 standard 1.5 ml sample vials and is therefore the perfect choice for larger sample amount as well as for high sample throughput laboratories. Thanks to the reliable and robust design it is the workhorse in any laboratory.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_SEC_Lab_System_e161ecef84.webp" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® SEC Lab System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_SEC_Lab_System_e161ecef84.webp 203w," sizes="100vw" width="1886" height="1452"><h3>Key Features</h3><ul><li>Injection volume: 1 –1000 µl&nbsp;</li><li>Easy maintenance</li><li>Great selection of SEC/GPC columns</li><li>Unsurpassed flow precision paired with ultra-low pulsation for</li><li>Highest analytical performance</li><li>Suitable for organic and aqueous eluents</li><li>Highest level of automation</li><li>Choose the matching hardware version for aqueous SEC of biomolecules or organic GPC of polymers</li></ul><h3>Upgrade Options</h3><ul><li>Save operating costs with an automatic solvent recycle valve</li><li>Degasser</li><li>Detector (RI, UV, ELSD, PDA, FLD, ECD)</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_SEC_Lab_System_2_2cbe13a95d.webp" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® SEC Lab System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_SEC_Lab_System_2_2cbe13a95d.webp 234w," sizes="100vw" width="953" height="635"> All wetted parts are available in either bioinert materials or for standard phase solvents.

KNAUER AZURA® SEC Semi-Prep System

The AZURA SEC Semi-prep systems enable fractionation of specific molecular weight ranges or purification tasks, with a pump delivering up to 50 ml/min, making it ideal for all semi-preparative GPC/SEC columns.

<h3>Automated system for semi-preparative SEC and GPC</h3>The AZURA SEC Semi-prep systems offer the possibility of fractionating specific molecular weight ranges or purification tasks. The pump can deliver flow rates of up to 50 ml/min and is therefore suitable for every semi-preparative GPC/SEC column.Thanks to the modular concept of the AZURA platform and the dedicated PurityChrom® software, the systems can be highly adapted to any separation task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_SEC_Semi_Prep_System_12215b2eda.webp" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® SEC Semi-Prep System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_SEC_Semi_Prep_System_12215b2eda.webp 203w," sizes="100vw" width="1886" height="1452"><h3>Fraction Collection</h3>Collect large quantities or large numbers of fractions:<ul style="list-style-type:disc;"><li style="tab-stops:list 36.0pt;">Manually – collection by direct control</li><li style="tab-stops:list 36.0pt;">Volume-based – collection at defined volumes</li><li style="tab-stops:list 36.0pt;">Peak-based – collection according to detector signal</li><li style="tab-stops:list 36.0pt;">From switching valve to fraction collector solutions</li></ul><h3>Key Features</h3><ul><li data-start="70" data-end="134">Modular concept for any separation and purification task</li><li data-start="135" data-end="169">Flow rates: 0.01–50 ml/min</li><li data-start="170" data-end="249">Injection options: Manual or autosampler (up to 10 ml injection volume)</li><li data-start="250" data-end="320">Eluent compatibility: Suitable for organic and aqueous eluents</li><li data-start="321" data-end="390">Column selection: Wide range of SEC and GPC columns available</li><li data-start="563" data-end="649">Efficiency features: Automatic solvent recycle valve to reduce operating costs</li><li data-start="650" data-end="757">Hardware options: Choose a version for aqueous SEC (biomolecules) or organic GPC (polymers)</li><li data-start="758" data-end="813">Software options: ClarityChrom® or PurityChrom®</li></ul><h3>Available Detectors for Semi-prep</h3>The AZURA SEC Semi-prep systems can be equipped with a dedicated high-flow RI detector that can be used up to 10 ml/min as well as with the UV Detectors UVD 2.1S and UVD 2.1L.

KNAUER AZURA® GPC Cleanup System

Do not waste time and labor with manual sample preparation. The AZURA GPC Cleanup system automates work-intensive and time-consuming cleanup tasks based on gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

<h3>Save time with automatic sample preparation</h3>Do not waste time and labor with manual sample preparation. The AZURA GPC Cleanup system automates work-intensive and time-consuming cleanup tasks based on gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Further, reproducibility and quality of the cleanup are improved.After sample loading, the dedicated system fully automated processes up to 15 samples while requiring minimal bench space. Based on the versatile AZURA device platform the system can be customized to fulfill individual requirements. The cost-effective software Mobile Control provides a touch-optimized user interface for intuitive device control directly at the system.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_GPC_Cleanup_System_224a241335.webp" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® GPC Cleanup System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_GPC_Cleanup_System_224a241335.webp 203w," sizes="100vw" width="1886" height="1452"><h3>Key Features</h3><ul><li data-start="69" data-end="102">Flow rate: 0.01–10 ml/min</li><li data-start="103" data-end="169">Enhanced reproducibility – consistent and reliable results</li><li data-start="170" data-end="214">Handles viscous and complex matrices</li><li data-start="215" data-end="269">Fully automated processing of up to 15 samples</li><li data-start="270" data-end="320">Supports AOAC, EPA, and European Standards</li><li data-start="321" data-end="365">Adaptable to specific lab procedures</li><li data-start="366" data-end="405">Compact, space-efficient system</li><li data-start="406" data-end="466">Touch-optimized Mobile Control for device management</li><li data-start="467" data-end="551">Automated workflows for streamlined sample preparation and higher efficiency</li><li data-start="552" data-end="606">Optimized cleanup tasks for better performance</li><li data-start="607" data-end="658">Easily adaptable for different applications</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_AZURA_GPC_Cleanup_System_2_27867ae999.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AZURA® GPC Cleanup System: Chromatogram of US EPA method 3640A calibration standard containing 1) Corn oil matrix 2) Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phalate 3) Methoxychlor 4) Perylene." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_AZURA_GPC_Cleanup_System_2_27867ae999.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1247" height="626">In accordance with established methods to determine pesticide residues<ul><li>Method 984.21 – AOAC international</li><li>EPA SW-846 Method 3640A – US Environmental Protection Agency</li><li>AEN 12393 and EN 1528 – European Standard</li><li>L 00.00-34 Method in accordance with §64 LFGB (formerly § 35 LMBG)</li></ul>

KNAUER AZURA HTQC UHPLC System

KNAUER AZURA HTQC UHPLC (1240 bar) enables high-throughput QC with parallel analysis and column re-equilibration for faster workflows.

The KNAUER AZURA HTQC UHPLC (1240 bar) is a high-performance UHPLC system designed for high-throughput quality control (QC) where speed, robustness, and reproducibility are essential.The system features a unique concept of parallel analysis and offline column re-equilibration, significantly increasing productivity. With two gradient pumps, one column performs the analytical run while the second is re-equilibrated in backflush mode.This architecture enables:<ul><li>≥30% reduction in cycle time</li><li>increased sample throughput</li><li>column protection from matrix contamination</li><li>consistent retention times</li></ul>It is ideal for pharmaceutical QC laboratories requiring automation and validated workflows.<h4>Key Features</h4><ul><li>UHPLC system up to 1240 bar (124 MPa)</li><li>Dual gradient pumps (HPG + LPG)</li><li>Parallel analysis and column re-equilibration</li><li>Backflush mode for column protection</li><li>≥30% faster analysis cycles</li><li>High flow reproducibility</li><li>Autosampler with cooling</li><li>Column thermostat (Peltier)</li><li>Fully automated modular system</li><li>MS detector compatibility</li></ul><h4>System Configuration</h4>Included components:<ul><li>Eluent tray E 2.1L</li><li>Pump P 8.1L (HPG)</li><li>Pump P 6.1L (LPG)</li><li>Liquid handler LH 8.1 + Robotic Cooler</li><li>Column thermostat CT 2.1</li><li>Column switching &amp; backflush valve</li><li>Accessories and tools</li></ul><h3>Technical Specifications</h3><h4>Pumps</h4><h5>P 8.1L (HPG – analytical pump):</h5><ul><li>Max pressure: 1240 bar</li><li>Flow rate: up to 5 mL/min</li><li>Adaptive pulsation compensation</li><li>Degasser + binary solvent selection</li><li>Low baseline noise</li></ul><h5>P 6.1L (LPG – re-equilibration):</h5><ul><li>Quaternary gradient</li><li>Integrated degasser</li><li>Low dwell volume</li><li>Inline filter</li></ul><h4>Autosampler</h4><h5>LH 8.1:</h5><ul><li>XYZ autosampler</li><li>Capacity: up to 390 samples</li><li>Temperature: 4–40 °C</li><li>Low carryover</li></ul><h4>Column Thermostat</h4><h5>CT 2.1:</h5><ul><li>Peltier controlled</li><li>Above and below ambient operation</li><li>High precision</li></ul><h4>Valve System</h4><ul><li>Column switching + backflush</li><li>Up to 1200 bar</li><li>Parallel column operation</li></ul><h4>Detection</h4><ul><li>Compatible with all HPLC detectors</li><li>Ideal for LC-MS coupling</li></ul><h4>HTQC Concept</h4><ul><li>Independent flow paths (analysis vs re-equilibration)</li><li>Backflush re-equilibration</li><li>Parallel operation</li><li>Increased throughput without compromise</li></ul><h4>Typical Applications</h4><ul><li>Pharmaceutical QC</li><li>Routine validated workflows</li><li>High sample throughput environments</li><li>Reversed-phase HPLC</li></ul>

Products from category Liquid chromatographs from KNAUER - page 1

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