<div><p><span><strong>A new study reveals that over the past decade, urinary levels of Bisphenol A (BPA) in the Czech population have dropped significantly, while its substitute Bisphenol S (BPS) has increased. Despite this shift, BPA remains the dominant bisphenol, with concentrations exceeding safe limits — confirming that everyday exposure still poses health risks. The study was led by our research group at RECETOX, in collaboration with partners from the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH Prague).&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></span></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/RECETOX_MUNI_BPA_free_is_not_risk_free_Czech_study_shows_BPA_declines_but_BPS_is_partly_replacing_it_cb7567a37a.jpg" alt="RECETOX MUNI: “BPA-free” is not risk-free: Czech study shows BPA declines, but BPS is partly replacing it: Temporal patterns of bisphenol exposure in the Czech population within the framework of regulatory measures." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_RECETOX_MUNI_BPA_free_is_not_risk_free_Czech_study_shows_BPA_declines_but_BPS_is_partly_replacing_it_cb7567a37a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="572" height="339"></p><p><i><span>“We found that over roughly a decade (2011–2012 vs. 2019–2020), urinary levels of Bisphenol A (BPA) in the Czech population dropped substantially — by 28.6 % in adults and 47.5 % in children — while levels of its substitute Bisphenol S (BPS) increased (121.1 % in adults, 90.0 % in children). We suggest this simultaneous decline in BPA and rise in BPS likely reflect manufacturers’ shift to BPA-free alternatives in response to regulation,” </span></i><span>explains the main author of the study <strong>Daria Sapunova</strong>.&nbsp;</span></p><p><span>Despite legislative measures,<strong> BPA still remains the dominant bisphenol in the Czech population</strong>, occurring at the highest concentrations and at the levels significantly higher than its substitutes BPS and Bisphenol F (BPF). Moreover, BPA levels in all age groups remain higher than what health experts consider safe, suggesting that everyday sources of exposure are still present around us and continue to pose risks.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p><p><i><span>“Our results highlight the need for policymakers to regulate bisphenols as a group and prevent harmful substitutions like the shift from BPA to BPS and BPF, supported by continuous human biomonitoring. <strong>BPA is a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical </strong>widely used in plastics and food packaging, with potential risks to human health. <strong>Endocrine-disrupting chemicals can interfere with our hormonal system and disturb its proper functioning</strong>,” </span></i><span>adds Daria Sapunova.&nbsp;</span></p><p><span>Studies link BPA exposure to <strong>altered puberty timing, reduced fertility changes in sperm quality</strong>. Additionally, BPA is associated with a<strong> higher risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes</strong>, likely due to its effects on metabolic regulation. Children and pregnant women are considered particularly vulnerable, and exposure during embryonic development can lead to irreversible changes later in life. Some studies also show associations between BPA exposure and <strong>changes in brain development, behavior, attention, and stress responses in children</strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p><p><span>“Despite bans and restrictions of BPA, our findings show that people — particularly children — remain exposed. The rise in BPS levels is worrisome because<strong> BPS was originally introduced as a safer alternative</strong>, but toxicological studies suggests <strong>it can poses similar health risks</strong>. Although the Czech population is still exposed to these harmful chemicals, legislative measures targeting BPA are effective and we should continue in this direction. In the case of children, we managed to reduce BPA concentrations by about half in a decade,” says Daria Sapunova.&nbsp;</span></p><p><span> The researchers analyzed first-morning urine samples from over <strong>1,000 individuals sampled in two separate Czech cohorts</strong>: DEMOCOPHES-CZ mother–child pairs (2011–2012), and CELSPAC (2019–2020) covering school children, teenagers and young adults. Using accredited laboratory methods, they quantified total urinary concentrations of<strong> BPA, BPS, and BPF</strong>. They then examined how bisphenol levels differed over time and whether they were influenced by factors such as age, gender, smoking habits, or the season during which samples were collected. To evaluate potential health risks, the researchers compared all measured BPA concentrations with established health-based guidance values to determine whether different age groups exceeded safe exposure levels. &nbsp;</span></p><p><span><strong> Authors thank </strong>all collaborating field workers, laboratory and administrative personnel, and especially the cohort participants who invested their time and provided samples and information for this study. The team thanks also the <strong>Research Infrastructure</strong> <strong>RECETOX RI (No. LM2023069) </strong>for a supportive background. The study was supported from the <strong>European Union's Horizon 2020 research No. 857560 (CETOCOEN Excellence)</strong> and from the <strong>Horizon Europe programme under grant agreement No. 101057014 (PARC)</strong>. Also supported by the <strong>European Commission through the LIFE+ programme under grant agreement LIFE09 ENV/BE/000410</strong>. There are no particular limitations on communication arising from the funding.&nbsp;</span></p><blockquote><p><strong>Learn more: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01244-0"><span>https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01244-0&nbsp;</span></a></p></blockquote></div>

“BPA-free” is not risk-free: Czech study shows BPA declines, but BPS is partly replacing it

<p><strong>When performing analyte extraction with </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=136&amp;manufacturerItems=50"><strong>SPE</strong></a><strong> we expect 100% recovery. If recovery is lower, this would suggest there is an issue with retrieval of the analyte from the sorbent. But what are some of the reasons you may see a recovery greater than what you were expecting (or over 100%)?</strong></p><h3><strong>Common problems</strong></h3><ul><li>Co-eluting interferences</li><li>Contaminants from the solvent or sorbents selected</li><li>Internal standard is compromised making your reference point inaccurate</li><li>Recovery calculations are inaccurate</li></ul><p><strong>Let's examine each of these common problems.</strong></p><h4><strong>Co-eluting interferences</strong></h4><p>These are typically present in the matrix and the goal of the SPE step is to remove them. If you are experiencing recoveries greater than 100%, the first step would be to <strong>check the eluent using an orthogonal analytical technique </strong>to identify that the increased recovery is a result of a co-elution.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Where a co-elution is identified, there are a few possible solutions.</strong></p><ol><li><strong>Modify the wash steps of the SPE method </strong>to selectively remove the impurity during washing</li><li><strong>Select an alternative SPE sorbent </strong>which will better remove these impurities. This is easier if the analyte / impurity can be selectively ionized, as an ion-exchange sorbent will very often afford cleaner extracts than either reversed or normal phase solutions</li><li><strong>Adjust your analytical method</strong> to resolve the 2 peaks analytically, negating the necessity to remove this impurity during the SPE step.</li><li><strong>Run a blank plasma sample</strong>; this will allow you to ascertain the impurities present and use this blank in the calculations to subtract from your recovery</li></ol><h4><strong>Contaminants from the solvent or sorbent</strong></h4><p>These will typically be impurities present in the starting materials which are similar in nature to your compound of interest, and as a result co-elute with it during SPE and subsequent analytical analysis. You can <strong>follow the steps above to remove co-eluting impurities, or alternatively</strong> as this is not an impurity present in your matrix, you can identify the level present in the sorbent using blank runs and subtract this from your main peak during the calculation. Prior to addition of your sample if you equilibrate your sorbent with the elution solvent this should flush out potential contaminants from the sorbent. For impurities introduced from the solvent, typically switching the solvent should resolve this.</p><h4><strong>Internal standard is compromised</strong></h4><p>If your internal standard is not showing 100% recovery, your subsequent calculations will be inaccurate. It is always good practice to <strong>use an internal standard similar in nature to your compound of interest</strong> as this will give the more consistent reference point for your method.&nbsp;</p><p>If there is concern your internal standard is not showing good recovery from the SPE material using your method, you can use an <strong>external standard</strong> which is added to the elution solvent to calculate absolute recovery.</p><h4><strong>Recovery calculations are inaccurate</strong></h4><p>It is important to follow this step wise to ascertain where the errors are appearing.</p><ol><li>Calculation Errors - Check all calculations and account for all dilution factors</li><li>Integration Errors - Reintegrate all peaks and use manual calculations to confirm</li><li>Analytical method errors – Ensure the analytical method used allows correct integration and calculation. Ensure no strong solvents are used for injection and run a calibration across a number of dilutions to ensure linearity. Troubleshoot your analytical method to determine any factors which may lead to poor reproducibility</li><li>Ensure detections selected are appropriate and working correctly.</li></ol><p>We hope this tip was useful! Check out our resources on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/techniques/solid-phase-extraction"><strong>solid phase extraction</strong></a>. See you next month for another tip!</p>

Why are my recoveries greater than 100%?

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 19th January 2026? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you application notes by <strong>Agilent Technologies, Shimadzu, Waters Corporation </strong>and poster by<strong> Thermo Fisher Scientific!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies: Automated Bioprocess Monitoring with Agilent 1290 Infinity III Bio Online LC Solutions</strong></h3><p><strong>Process analytics of L-alanine production using genetically modified </strong><i><strong>Vibrio natriegens</strong></i></p><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_automated_bioprocess_monitoring_1290_infinity_bioonline_solutions_5994_8865en_agilent_9f33de6ddf.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Bioprocess engineering is a challenging field because of the constantly changing nature of bioprocess models which make them difficult to validate.1 Consequently, process control needs to be developed at various levels using strategies tailored to these specific requirements.1 The performance and effectiveness of the bioreactor are determined by key performance indicators such as product yield, titer, production rate, and quality of the product.1 These factors can be quickly influenced by changes in process variables and the raw materials used.1,2 The ability to react quickly to problems is therefore crucial for preserving ongoing production, a factor that can be particularly significant in bioprocesses due to the substantial cost and time investmented.1,2 Such challenges can be tackled by constantly monitoring the bioprocess, which requires the ability to analyze and collect data quickly. Therefore, monitoring is of the utmost importance.&nbsp;</p><p>This application note describes the advantages of using an Agilent 1290 Infinity III Bio Online LC solution with Agilent Online LC Monitoring software. A bioreactor was interfaced with a Flownamics Seg-Flow S3 sampling system for aseptic withdrawal and an Agilent 1290 Infinity III Bio Online LC to make an hourly analysis.&nbsp;</p><p>This is a fully automated approach for taking sterile samples from a bioreactor and preparing or diluting them. In addition, the 1290 Infinity III Bio Online LC solution displays data in near real time, which is a crucial element for effective bioprocess&nbsp;monitoring.</p><h4><strong>Experimental&nbsp;</strong></h4><h5><strong>Equipment&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1290+Infinity+III+Bio"><strong>1290 Infinity III Bio </strong></a>Online LC comprised the following&nbsp;modules:&nbsp;</p><ul><li>Agilent 1290 Infinity III Bio Flexible Pump (G7131A) with an InfinityLab Quick Change Bio inline filter assembly (part&nbsp;number 5067-1607), 2.1 mm id, 0.2 µm pore size&nbsp;</li><li>Agilent 1290 Infinity III Bio Online Sample Manager (G3167B) with Sample Thermostat (option #101) clustered with Agilent 1290 Infinity Valve Drive (G1170A), featuring a reactor valve pod (part number 5067-6680) and Online LC Monitoring Software&nbsp;</li><li>Agilent 1290 Infinity III Multicolumn Thermostat (G7116B) equipped with an Agilent Quick Connect Bio Heat Exchanger Std. (G7116-60071)&nbsp;</li><li>Agilent 1290 Infinity III Diode Array Detector (DAD) (G7117B), equipped with a Bio Max-Light Cartridge Cell (G4212-6008), 10 mm, 1 µL&nbsp;</li><li>Agilent 1260 Infinity High-Performance Degasser (G4225A) is connected between S1 (transport solvent) solvent line and Agilent 1290 Infinity III Bio Online Sample Manager (G3167B)&nbsp;</li></ul><h5><strong>Software&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li>Agilent <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=OpenLab+CDS"><strong>OpenLab CDS</strong></a> version 2.8 or later versions&nbsp;</li><li>Agilent Online LC Monitoring Software version 1.3 or later&nbsp;versions&nbsp;</li><li>Flownamics FlowWeb control&nbsp;software</li></ul><h5><strong>Instrumental configuration&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>The 1290 Infinity III Bio Online LC solution was used with a Seg-Flow interface for automatic sampling and online analysis (see Figure 1). The Seg-Flow interface was used to withdraw samples from a bioreactor through a Flownamics F-Series 310 FISP probe with a ceramic membrane filter (0.2&nbsp;µm pore size) from a 5 L bioreactor. The drawn samples were sent through the built-in sample collection cup on the Seg‑Flow to the LC and the samples were retained into vials. The collected samples were then automatically derivatized by using an injector program and subsequently analyzed. A more detailed description of the instrumental configuration has been published.<sup>3</sup></p><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>For online bioprocess monitoring, a fully automated setup consisting of a bioreactor, a Flownamics sampling system, and an Agilent 1290 Infinity III Bio Online LC solution was successfully established. This setup is capable of taking aseptic samples from a bioreactor, preparing, analyzing, and processing samples without the need for manual interaction. In addition, the added value of the Agilent Online LC Monitoring software was evident in the display method and the ability to track it quickly.</p><h3><strong>2. Shimadzu: Analysis of Oligonucleotide Impurities Using Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/an_01_00974_en_c50bb67c7a.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h4><strong>User Benefits</strong></h4><ul><li>Combination use of LCMS-2050 single quadrupole mass spectrometer and LabSolutions Insight Biologics provides comprehensive characterization of oligonucleotides and related impurities.</li><li>Purity calculations for target components can be performed even on poorly separated peaks by utilizing MS spectra simultaneously acquired with UV chromatogram.</li></ul><p>In recent years, oligonucleotide therapeutics have been paid attention as a novel drug discovery modality because of their rapid progress of development. During the synthesis of oligonucleotide therapeutics, impurities that have differing base chain lengths are generated along with the target oligonucleotide. To ensure the safety and efficacy of the drug, comprehensive detection and identification of these impurities are required.&nbsp;</p><p>Reversed phase ion-pair chromatography is often employed as a method to separate the target compound from co-existing impurities. However, it is often difficult to establish analytical conditions that provide compete separation of all impurities that are formed in synthesis process due to their similar structures and properties to the principal compound of active ingredient. Against this drawback, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is commonly used for impurity detection and identification. For analysis of oligonucleotide impurities, quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometers are mainly used because of their high mass resolution and ability to perform sequence and structure estimations via MS/MS analysis. However, in quality control process, the use of a single quadrupole mass spectrometer is expected to be advantageous because of providing mass information with easy operation when impurity information is already known.&nbsp;</p><p>This article presents a simulated impurity analysis of synthetic oligonucleotide using the LCMS-2050 high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer and LabSolutions Insight Biologics.</p><h4><strong>Analytical conditions</strong></h4><p>The employed instrument setup was <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=Nexera+XS"><strong>Nexera XS inert</strong></a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=LCMS-2050"><strong>LCMS-2050</strong></a>. HPLC conditions are shown in Table 2, and MS conditions are shown in Table 3. The conditions were set where n-1(5') co-eluted with FLP, while n-3(5') was separated (Fig. 1) to demonstrate impurity analysis performance.</p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>The simulated sample consisting of mainly FLP and small amounts of n-1(5')/n-3(5') was analyzed using the LCMS-2050 and LabSolutions Insight Biologics software and obtained data were processed appropriately. Detection, identification, and quantitation at low concentrations were accomplished not only for n-3(5') well-separated from FLP but also for n-1(5') co-eluted with FLP. In case that establishing analytical conditions is difficult, Using this instrument setup and software will provide efficient quality confirmation of oligonucleotide therapeutics.</p><h3><strong>3. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Simultaneous Quantitation and Untargeted Discovery (SQUAD) workflow using multiple fragmentation techniques for quantitation and characterization of trace level nitrosamine in biological matrices</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_squad_workflow_multiple_fragmentation_techniques_po_en_94a5b27b12.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>N-Nitrosamines are a class of carcinogenic chemical compounds that pose threat to humans exogenously through matrices like drinking water, food, cosmetics, and endogenously by nitrosation in gastrointestinal tract, nitrate to nitrite conversion, etc. An accurate, reliable analytical method is critical for detection and quantification of these trace-level, polar and low molecular weight compounds to understand the association between their exposure and related diseases.&nbsp;</p><p>An optimized SQUAD workflow is presented that discovers unknown compounds in the matrix by using high resolution orbitrap and a sensitive linear ion trap detector that quantifies the low intensity nitrosamines in a single run. The workflow uses multiple fragmentation types – HCD, CID and UVPD and MSn to help characterize isomeric structures.</p><h4><strong>Methods</strong></h4><p>Serial dilution of Nitrosamine standards were subjected to Simultaneous Quantitation and Discovery (SQUAD) analysis using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/744"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Vanquish™ Horizon UHPLC system</strong></a> and the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/561"><strong>Thermo Scientific™ Orbitrap IQ-X™ Tribrid™ mass spectrometer</strong></a> . Nitrosamine spiked matrices of human pooled urine and human Serum were subjected to SQUAD analysis.</p><h4><strong>Data Analysis&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Spectra were evaluated for nitrosamines using Thermo Scientific™ FreeStyle™ software and annotated using Thermo Scientific™ <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1757"><strong>Mass Frontier™ 8.0 software</strong></a>. Untargeted data analysis was performed using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1759"><strong>Compound Discoverer 3.4 software</strong></a>. Calibration curves were generated using Thermo Scientific™ <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/77"><strong>TraceFinder™ 5.2 software</strong></a>.</p><h4><strong>Conclusions&nbsp;</strong></h4><ul><li>Detection limits as low ppb levels ( 0.2 ppb –0.5 ppb) and quantitation limits (0.2 ppb- 5 ppb ) in presence of the matrix were achieved for all seven nitrosamines by applying parallel ion trap analysis&nbsp;</li><li>SQUAD analysis was run on Orbitrap IQ-X Tribrid MS and achieved low ppb level quantitation in ion trap and identified unknown compounds through discovery analysis in Orbitrap.&nbsp;</li><li>Employing nano LC helped achieve lower limit of quantitation (5 ppt)</li></ul><h3><strong>4. Waters Corporation: Validated LC-MS/MS Method for Vitamin E Acetate in Cannabis Plants and Derived Products</strong></h3><ul><li>Application note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720009082_en_c7a6fc6190.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>Benefits&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li>The validated LC-MS/MS method provides high sensitivity and specificity for VEA quantification in complex cannabis matrices, including flower and concentrates.&nbsp;</li><li>Minimal sample preparation reduces handling time and improves laboratory throughput, supporting efficient routine analysis.&nbsp;</li><li>The method demonstrates robust performance across multiple matrices, ensuring reliable detection even in lipid-rich, chemically diverse samples.</li><li>Use of Waters ACQUITY UPLC H-Class System and Xevo TQ-S micro Mass Spectrometer enables accurate quantitation well below regulatory requirements.&nbsp;</li><li>The validated method complies with Missouri DCR and DHSS regulatory limits, enabling laboratories to confidently monitor VEA in cannabis products.</li></ul><p>VEA is used as a diluent and viscosity modifier in certain cannabis-derived products, including vaping formulations. Following increased public health awareness during 2019, VEA became a marker of interest for quality control and regulatory surveillance across cannabis supply chains due to its potential impact on lung health. In addition to concentrates and vape liquids, trace residues may be present in infused products and processing intermediates. Therefore, reliable quantification of VEA in these chemically diverse, lipid-rich matrices requires an analytical method that is sensitive, selective, and robust against matrix effects. In February 2024, Missouri’s DCR revised the tolerance limit for VEA in cannabis products from 0.2 ppm to 5 ppm.<sup>1&nbsp;</sup></p><p>Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) provides the sensitivity and specificity required to distinguish VEA from endogenous cannabinoids, terpenes, and other lipophilic excipients, while also offering the sensitivity to support low-ppm and sub-ppm action limits. Unlike UVbased methods, where co-eluting chromophores may interfere, LC-MS/MS enables targeted multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for confident identification and accurate quantitation in complex cannabis matrices.&nbsp;</p><p>This application note describes the validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of VEA in two inhalable products, cannabis flower and cannabis concentrates. The method was developed and validated using the Waters ACQUITY UPLC H-Class System coupled with a Xevo TQ-S micro Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a reversed-phase ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 Column. A streamlined sample preparation approach was applied for cannabis flowers and concentrates, which minimizes handling time and increases sample throughput.&nbsp;</p><p>The validation study was conducted at GPA. Method performance was evaluated for calibration range, linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, precision, recovery, repeatability, and robustness. The results of these are evaluated against acceptance criteria set by State of Missouri DHSS and presented in this application note.</p><h4><strong>Experimental&nbsp;</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>LC system: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/198"><strong>ACQUITY UPLC H-Class Plus System&nbsp;</strong></a></li><li><strong>MS detection: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/209"><strong>Xevo TQ-S micro Mass Spectrometer&nbsp;</strong></a></li><li><strong>Column: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1952"><strong>ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 Column</strong></a>, 2.1 x 50 mm, 1.7 µm (p/n: 186002350)</li><li><strong>Software:</strong> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/635"><strong>MassLynx™ 4.1 Software&nbsp;</strong></a></li><li><strong>Data processing: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=5&amp;search=TargetLynx"><strong>TargetLynx™</strong></a> Application</li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusion&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The LC-MS/MS method developed and validated for VEA quantification in cannabis flower and concentrates demonstrates excellent linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness, and meets the regulatory requirements. Calibration curves achieved R² values greater than 0.999, with LOD and LOQ well below the Missouri action limit of 5 ppm. Matrix-spiked recoveries across flower and concentrate samples were within the 70–130% acceptance range, and QC samples met all performance criteria, confirming method reliability. Robustness testing across analysts and matrices further validated the method’s reproducibility. Overall, this approach provides a streamlined, sensitive, and regulatory-compliant workflow for laboratories, enabling accurate monitoring of VEA to support quality control, consumer safety, and regulatory compliance in cannabis-derived products</p>

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 04, 2026

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Application

Academy

Health

Science and research

Poster

RECETOX (Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment) is an independent department of the Faculty of Science of Masaryk University in Brno, which has been established in 1983. RECETOX is focused on the research and education in cross-cutting area of Environment and Health. It addresses interactions among chemicals, environment, and biological systems, including consequences at local, regional, and global levels.

RECETOX - Centrum pro výzkum toxických látek v prostředí

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<h4><strong>An experienced partner in the LC-MS/MS analysis industry</strong></h4><p>If you are interested in performing quantitative, qualitative or mixed analysis using LC-MS/MS analytical methods but lack such capabilities due to lack of equipment, “know-how” or are looking for a team to perform analysis for a project - you have come to the right place. We work on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/companies/315"><strong>equipment</strong></a> with high sensitivity, speed and specificity. Our team is a group of specialists with comprehensive experience in the industry. The LabExperts <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://labexperts.com.pl/zespol/">team</a> has participated in many scientific projects, R&amp;D and commercial implementations. We take an individual and factual approach to developing a new method and performing analyses:</p><ul><li>In the first stage, we get to know your requirements - to align expectations with capabilities;</li><li>Next, we will form and approve the framework for cooperation, ensuring the observance of confidentiality by signing a non-disclosure agreement (NDA);</li><li>We will plan together and, for our part, meet the deadlines for the completion of the set tasks;</li><li>We will perform preliminary studies, after which we will decide together whether and to what extent we continue to develop the methods;</li><li>We will handle the development of the sample preparation procedure;</li><li>We will select the best parameters for the LC-MS/MS analytical method;</li><li>The analytical method along with the sample preparation procedure will be validated according to generally accepted guidelines and standards, or we will establish the required acceptance criteria and ranges for your needs;</li><li>We will perform LC-MS/MS analyses of a series of samples;</li><li>We will provide results in the form of easy-to-read reports at each required stage;</li><li>We will evaluate the feasibility and assist in the transfer of the method to your laboratory.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Development_of_LC_MS_MS_method_2594c9fd54.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Development of LC-MS-MS method." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Development_of_LC_MS_MS_method_2594c9fd54.jpg 234w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="1024"></p><p>Pricing and the framework for cooperation are always determined individually depending on the scope of the study. This is influenced by the amount of work and the complexity of the development of the sample preparation procedure and analytical method and routine analytics. As a rule, the final price consists of three separately priced elements: the cost of preliminary studies, method validation, and the cost of analysis of one sample within a series of analyses.</p><p>Don't beat your head against the wall - we will help you achieve your goal!</p><p>We look forward to working with you!</p>

Bioanalytic Individual LC-MS/MS training

We are ready to prepare customized LC-MS/MS training for the needs of participants.

<h4><strong>BASIC INFORMATION</strong></h4><ul><li>TITLE: <strong>Customized LC-MS/MS Training</strong></li><li>CATEGORY: <strong>LC-MS/MS training</strong></li><li>LOCATION: <strong>Lodz, PL</strong> or other</li><li>TRAINING TIME: <strong>1-5 days</strong> or more</li><li>NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS: <strong>4-8 people</strong></li><li>EQUIPMENT:<strong> SCIEX QTRAP/QTOF LC-MS/MS</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Individual_LC_MS_MS_training_8a73408c56.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Individual LC-MS-MS training." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Individual_LC_MS_MS_training_8a73408c56.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1536" height="930"></p><h4><strong>TRAINING DESCRIPTION</strong></h4><p>Customized LC-MS/MS training we are ready to prepare for the needs of participants, discussing:</p><ul><li>theoretical basics of chromatography, mass spectrometry,</li><li>practical operation of the LC-MS/MS system,</li><li>qualitative and quantitative analysis,</li><li>DDA &amp; DIA screening methods,</li><li>“omics” analyses,</li><li>validation of analytical methods,</li><li>solving basic methodological and technical problems,</li><li>software,</li><li>calibration,</li><li>“tips&amp;tricks”,</li><li>etc...</li></ul><p>We offer training for both novices starting the fascinating adventure of LC-MS/MS analytics, as well as for those who are LC-MS/MS users and are interested in expanding and consolidating their knowledge.</p><h4><strong>Framework training program</strong></h4><ul><li>individual LC-MS/MS training is developed according to the customer's demand</li><li>conducting theoretical and/or practical training at the customer's workplace</li><li>carrying out theoretical and/or practical training in a laboratory in Lodz</li></ul>

Bioanalytic Basic LC-MS/MS training

Basic LC-MS/MS training covers the theoretical basics of mass spectrometry and familiarization with the basic operation of the instrument.

<h4><strong>BASIC INFORMATION</strong></h4><ul><li>TITLE: <strong>Basic LC-MS/MS training</strong></li><li>CATEGORY: <strong>LC-MS/MS training</strong></li><li>LOCATION: <strong>Lodz, PL</strong></li><li>TRAINING TIME: <strong>3 days</strong></li><li>NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS: <strong>up to 5 people</strong></li><li>EQUIPMENT:<strong> SCIEX QTRAP </strong><span class="ts-pf-details-content"><strong>&amp; </strong></span><strong>QTOF LC-MS/MS</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Basic_LC_MS_MS_training_fb1382a55b.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Basic LC-MS-MS training." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Basic_LC_MS_MS_training_fb1382a55b.jpg 205w," sizes="100vw" width="1293" height="987"></p><h4><strong>TRAINING DESCRIPTION</strong></h4><p>Basic LC-MS/MS training covers the theoretical basics of mass spectrometry and familiarization with the basic operation of the instrument. Basic LC-MS/MS training is primarily aimed at those who are new to LC-MS/MS equipment or who wish to become familiar with this analytical technique. During the training, the following will be presented:</p><ul><li>principles of developing and optimizing quantitative and qualitative methods on low (triple quadrupole, QTRAP) and high resolution (QTOF) instruments,</li><li>basic functionality of the software,</li><li>procedures and objectives of instrument calibration,</li><li>principles of maintaining the cleanliness of mass spectrometer operation.</li></ul><h5><strong>Basic LC-MS/MS training - the program</strong></h5><p><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>Day I</strong></span></p><p><strong>Theoretical classes:</strong></p><ul><li>Introduction to LC</li><li>Introduction to mass spectrometry (basics)</li><li>Quantitative analysis.</li></ul><p><strong>Practical part:</strong></p><p>QTRAP:</p><ul><li>QTRAP scanning modes on the instrument - Q1, , MS2, MRM, demonstration and discussion on the example of a selected pesticide of the fragmentation spectrum and its fragmentation pathway.</li><li>MRM pair formation (manual, semi-automatic, automatic).</li><li>optimization of ion source parameters -T-conector</li><li>explanation of the main parameters related to LC (column selection, gradient vs isocrat, autosampler)</li><li>LC-MS/MS method setup and optimization</li></ul><p>QTOF:</p><ul><li>manual and automatic optimization of MRM<sup>HR</sup></li><li>ion source and LC parameters (transfer from method developed above)</li></ul><p>Sequence of quantitative analysis on both instruments.</p><p><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>Day II</strong></span></p><p><strong>Quantitative analysis:</strong></p><ul><li>data processing and analysis,</li><li>reporting - Sciex OS (QTRAP, QTOF).</li><li>Discussion of types of integration algorithms (MQ4, autopeak) and integration parameters.</li><li>independent selection of integration parameters and plotting of master curves.</li><li>independent data analysis and generation of analysis report.</li></ul><p><strong>Qualitative analysis:</strong></p><ul><li>Theoretical introduction - introduction to qualitative analysis:</li><li>qwadrupole modes (Prec/NL),</li><li>trap modes (EMS, EPI, MS3),</li><li>QTOF modes (TOF MS, TOF MS/MS).</li><li>mixed methods,</li><li>targeted vs. untargeted analysis,</li><li>DDA (IDA) - discussion of method development,</li></ul><p><strong>Practical part:</strong></p><ul><li>creation of qualitative methods on QTRAP (Prec-IDA, MRM-IDA), other parameters (LC, ion source) as the previous day,</li><li>LightSight - discussion of operation, creation of MRM-IDA multimethod for selected pesticide and analysis of samples (night).</li><li>QTOF - creation of IDA method, other parameters (LC, ion source) as the previous day.</li></ul><p>Sequence of qualitative analysis overnight.</p><p><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>Day III</strong></span></p><p><strong>Qualitative data analysis:</strong></p><p>QTRAP:</p><ul><li>Discussion of Prec-IDA, MRM-IDA results - what we see in different types of MS and MS/MS scans. Manual review of data and via IDA Explorer (SciexOS).</li><li>Analysis of results in LightSight, comparison with Prec-IDA, for example - advantages/disadvantages</li></ul><p>QTOF:</p><ul><li>search for potentially present compounds in the sample,</li><li>manual comparison of blank vs. test sample,</li><li>manual by XIC extraction (by sum formula),</li><li>Formula finder - derivation of sum formula on TOF MS data and verification of fragmentation on TOF MS/MS data</li><li>search in IDA Explorer mode - application of filters: similarity, isotopic distribution, mass defect,</li><li>database searching,</li><li>Molecule Profiler - demonstration of software capabilities on selected pesticide example,</li></ul><p><strong>Instrument calibration:</strong></p><ul><li>resolution, mass-to-charge ratio, intensity,</li><li>Q1 and Q3, LIT (MS and MS/MS), TOF MS and TOF-MS/MS</li><li>Automation vs. manual calibration,</li></ul><p><strong>LC-MS/MS application examples</strong></p><p><strong>Summary</strong></p><p><strong>Discussion</strong></p>

Bioanalytic Quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis training

The goal of the training is to introduce users to the procedures and capabilities of the LC-MS/MS system and software to achieve sensitivity, selectivity, precision and reproducibility in quantitative analysis.

<h4><strong>BASIC INFORMATION</strong></h4><ul><li>TITLE: <strong>Quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis training</strong></li><li>CATEGORY: <strong>LC-MS/MS training</strong></li><li>LOCATION: <strong>Lodz, PL</strong></li><li>TRAINING TIME: <strong>3 days</strong></li><li>NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS: <strong>up to 5 people</strong></li><li>EQUIPMENT:<strong> SCIEX QTRAP LC-MS/MS</strong></li></ul><figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:1200/675;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Quantitative_LC_MS_MS_analysis_training_d13b5d8127.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic Quantitative LC-MS-MS analysis training." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_Quantitative_LC_MS_MS_analysis_training_d13b5d8127.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1200" height="675"></figure><h4><strong>TRAINING DESCRIPTION</strong></h4><p>Quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis - the training is designed for laboratory personnel using LC-MS/MS systems for quantitative analysis. The following topics are covered during the training:</p><ul><li>Triple quadrupole spectrometer calibration</li><li>MRM pair formation and optimization</li><li>Optimization of ion source parameters</li><li>Optimization of chromatographic parameters</li><li>Sample preparation using the example of blood drawn on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1283"><strong>Mitra®</strong></a> samplers (VAMS)</li><li>Matrix effect, internal standards (ISTD), matrix curves</li><li>Validation of the quantitative method</li><li>Reporting of results</li></ul><p>The goal of the training is to introduce users to the procedures and capabilities of the LC-MS/MS system and software to achieve sensitivity, selectivity, precision and reproducibility in quantitative analysis while covering the widest possible linear range of concentrations.</p><h3><strong>Training program</strong></h3><h4><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>Day I</strong></span></h4><h5><strong>Theoretical part:</strong></h5><p>Triple quadrupole structure, ionization, MRM and sMRM scanning, chromatography, multimethods</p><h5><strong>Practical part:</strong></h5><ul><li>Q1/Q3 calibration (10 Da/s), MS/MS - resolution, m/z, intensity.</li><li>MRM pair formation and optimization (manual, semi-automatic, automatic).</li><li>Ion source optimization - T-concector and FIA</li><li>Gradient vs isocrat, dosing, column selection, temperature selection, other important parameters</li><li>Establishment and optimization of LC-MS/MS method.</li><li>How to take care of MS cleanliness - ionization time programming, multi-way valve, cleaning of ion source and instrument front end</li></ul><p>Sample preparation in pure solvent (standard curve, QC, solvent, solvent+ISTD, test samples), overnight analysis sequence.</p><h4><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>Day II</strong></span></h4><h5><strong>Practical part - preparation of whole blood samples (Mitra®):</strong></h5><ul><li>Preparation of matrix standard curves</li><li>Preparation of quality control (QC) samples in three concentrations</li><li>Preparation of blank samples (without ISTD and with ISTD).</li><li>Preparation of samples for recovery determination (“pre-spiked” and “post-spiked”)</li><li>Preparation of test samples</li></ul><h5><strong>Theoretical part:</strong></h5><ul><li>Samples in the matrix - discussion of the matrix effect and ways to level it.</li><li>Optimization of sample preparation method and LC-MS/MS method</li></ul><h5><strong>Practical part:</strong></h5><ul><li>Sample extraction from Mitra® samplers for LC-MS/MS analysis.</li><li>Sequence of analysis of prepared samples overnight</li></ul><h4><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>Day III</strong></span></h4><h5><strong>Theoretical part:</strong></h5><ul><li>Validation of the quantitative LC-MS/MS method</li></ul><h5><strong>Practical part:</strong></h5><ul><li>Software - data integration algorithms, signal smoothing, weighing.</li><li>Matrix curves vs curves in solvent, influence of ISTD (Sciex OS).</li><li>Method validation - validation criteria, determination of LOD, LLOQ, ULOQ, linearity, working range of the method, repeatability, recovery.</li><li>Preparation of summary validation reports</li><li>Reporting of results from test samples - report vs export of data to Excel.</li><li>Summary and discussion.</li></ul>

Bioanalytic QTRAP vs QTOF Quality analysis training

The training includes a presentation of the basic differences in application and a comparison of the capabilities of QTRAP and QTOF instruments in qualitative analysis.

<h4><strong>BASIC INFORMATION</strong></h4><ul><li>TITLE: <strong>QTRAP vs QTOF Quality analysis training</strong></li><li>CATEGORY: <strong>LC-MS/MS training</strong></li><li>LOCATION: <strong>Lodz, PL</strong></li><li>TRAINING TIME: <strong>3 days</strong></li><li>NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS: <strong>up to 5 people</strong></li><li>EQUIPMENT:<strong> SCIEX QTRAP </strong><span class="ts-pf-details-content"><strong>&amp; </strong></span><strong>QTOF LC-MS/MS</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_QTRAP_vs_QTOF_Quality_analysis_training_18ca66163f.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic QTRAP vs QTOF Quality analysis training." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_QTRAP_vs_QTOF_Quality_analysis_training_18ca66163f.jpg 221w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="707"></p><h4><strong>TRAINING COURSE DESCRIPTION</strong></h4><p><strong>QTRAP vs QTOF qualitative analysis</strong> - the training is aimed at people who perform analyses related to substance identification or metabolite search in their research work. The training includes a presentation of the basic differences in application and a comparison of the capabilities of QTRAP and QTOF instruments in qualitative analysis. In addition to the theoretical session, participants will undergo a course in the development and optimization of <strong>DDA (IDA)</strong> (QTRAP &amp; QTOF) and <strong>DIA (SWATH) </strong>(QTOF) methods. Analysis and comparison of results will be conducted using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sciex.com/products/software/sciex-os-software">SciexOS</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sciex.com/products/software/markerview-software">MarkerView</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sciex.com/products/software/lightsight-software">LightSight</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://sciex.com/products/software/molecule-profiler-software">MoleculeProfiler</a> software.</p><h5><strong>Training program</strong></h5><h4><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>Day I</strong></span></h4><h5><strong>Theoretical part</strong></h5><ul><li>Principle of operation of MS/MS systems</li><li>Differences and capabilities of QTRAP and QTOF</li><li>Comparison of typical analytical procedures and their application</li><li>DDA (IDA) vs DIA (SWATH) methodology.</li><li>Supporting software - LightSight, Molecule Profiler, ACD Labs, MarkerView</li><li>General principles of compound fragmentation</li></ul><h4><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>Day II</strong></span></h4><p><strong>Objective - to develop methods to search for metabolites of a known substance.</strong></p><h5><strong>QTRAP</strong></h5><ul><li>Development of IDA screening methods (pMRM, Prec/NL, EMS)</li><li>Optimization of LC-MS/MS IDA method</li><li>Data acquisition</li></ul><h5><strong>QTOF</strong></h5><ul><li>Development and optimization of LC-MS/MS IDA and SWATH methods</li><li>Data acquisition</li></ul><h4><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>Day III</strong></span></h4><p><strong>Objective - identification and profiling of metabolites of a known substance</strong></p><h5><strong>QTRAP data analysis</strong></h5><ul><li>Manual search and identification</li><li>LightSight, MarkerView</li></ul><h5><strong>QTOF data analysis</strong></h5><ul><li>Search and data analysis methods</li><li>Manual search and identification</li><li>IDA vs SWATH</li><li>Automated search and identification - SciexOS, databases</li><li>Molecule Profiler, MarkerView</li></ul><p>Summary and discussion<br>&nbsp;</p>

Bioanalytic QTOF quantitative and qualitative analysis training

The purpose of the training is to introduce users to the capabilities of the LC-HR-MS/MS (QTOF) system in quantitative and qualitative analysis.

<h4><strong>BASIC INFORMATION</strong></h4><ul><li>TITLE:&nbsp;<strong> QTOF quantitative and qualitative analysis training</strong></li><li>CATEGORY: <strong>LC-MS/MS training</strong></li><li>LOCATION: <strong>Lodz, PL</strong></li><li>TRAINING TIME: <strong>3 days</strong></li><li>NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS: <strong>up to 5 people</strong></li><li>EQUIPMENT:<strong> SCIEX</strong><span class="ts-pf-details-content"><strong> </strong></span><strong>QTOF LC-MS/MS</strong></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_QTOF_quantitative_and_qualitative_analysis_training_af1620ae8c.jpg" alt="Bioanalytic: Bioanalytic QTOF quantitative and qualitative analysis training." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Bioanalytic_Bioanalytic_QTOF_quantitative_and_qualitative_analysis_training_af1620ae8c.jpg 221w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="707"></p><h4><strong>TRAINING COURSE DESCRIPTION</strong></h4><p><strong>Qualitative and quantitative analysis of QTOF</strong> - the training is designed for laboratory personnel using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?instrumentationItems=30&amp;mainauthorItems=55"><strong>high-resolution (HR) LC-MS/MS</strong></a> systems for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The following topics are covered during the training:</p><ul><li><strong>QTOF spectrometer calibration</strong></li><li><strong>Targeted and untargeted methods</strong></li><li><strong>Quantitative analysis (TOF MS, MRMhr)</strong></li><li><strong>Qualitative and quantitative analysis - DDA (IDA) vs DIA (SWATH) methodology</strong></li><li><strong>Software and its use in high-resolution data analysis</strong></li><li><strong>Reporting of results</strong></li></ul><p>The purpose of the training is to introduce users to the capabilities of the LC-HR-MS/MS (QTOF) system in quantitative and qualitative analysis. To point out the advantages of high resolution in identifying or confirming the presence of substances in a sample and also the strengths of modern QTOF systems in parallel quantitative analysis.</p><h3><strong>Training program</strong></h3><h4><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>Day I</strong></span></h4><h5><strong>Theoretical part</strong></h5><ul><li>The principle of operation and capabilities of the QTOF system</li><li>Comparison of typical analytical procedures and their application</li><li>Targeted and quantitative analysis (TOF MS vs MRMhr)</li><li>DDA (IDA) vs DIA (SWATH) methodology.</li><li>Supporting software - Molecule Profiler, ACD Labs, MarkerView</li><li>General principles of compound fragmentation</li></ul><h4><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>Day II</strong></span></h4><p><strong>Objective</strong> - to develop methods for quantitative analysis, confirmation or search for metabolites of a known substance, general characterization of the sample.</p><h5><strong>Practical part:</strong></h5><ul><li>Creation and optimization of the MRMhr targeted method</li><li>Creation and optimization of a non-targeted method IDA</li><li>Creation and optimization of the non-targeted method SWATH</li><li>Data acquisition (overnight)</li></ul><h4><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>Day III</strong></span></h4><p><strong>Objective</strong> - quantitative analysis, confirmation of the presence or identification of metabolites of a known substance, general characterization of the sample (identification of compounds present in the sample), profiling.</p><h5><strong>Practical part:</strong></h5><ul><li>Quantitative analysis - TOF MS vs MRMhr</li><li>Methods for searching and analyzing data</li><li>IDA vs SWATH data</li><li>Manual search and identification</li><li>Automated search and identification - SciexOS, databases</li><li>Molecule Profiler, MarkerView</li><li>Summary and discussion</li></ul>

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