EU Regulation 396/2005: Pesticide Residue Testing and the Critical Role of QuEChERS Evaporation in Food Safety

<div><div><p><strong>Researchers led by </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://kudova.group.uochb.cz/en"><strong>Eva Kudová</strong></a><strong> from IOCB Prague and Jitka Viktorová from UCT Prague have identified new androstane-based steroid derivatives that can significantly improve the effectiveness of existing antibiotics against multidrug-resistant </strong><i><strong>Staphylococcus aureus</strong></i><strong>.</strong></p></div></div><div><p>The team screened dozens of natural steroidal hormones and synthetic derivatives to see whether they could block bacterial efflux pumps – mechanisms that bacteria use to eject antibiotics and survive treatment. Two compounds emerged as particularly promising: they inhibited efflux pumps and lowered the effective doses of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and erythromycin.</p><p>Further analysis showed that one of the compounds also suppressed genes linked to bacterial virulence. Another key finding is that the most active molecules are non-toxic to human immune cells and showed no detectable endocrine activity, suggesting a favorable safety profile.</p><p>These findings support the idea that rationally designed steroid-based molecules could act as antibiotic adjuvants, helping existing drugs overcome bacterial resistance.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/IOCB_Prague_Steroidal_hormones_and_neurosteroids_novel_therapeutic_strategies_in_bacterial_infections_8e5d2a7b48.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague: Steroidal hormones and neurosteroids – novel therapeutic strategies in bacterial infections" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_IOCB_Prague_Steroidal_hormones_and_neurosteroids_novel_therapeutic_strategies_in_bacterial_infections_8e5d2a7b48.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="1258" height="886"></p><blockquote><h4><strong>Original Article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0223523426001613?via%3Dihub"><strong>Steroidal hormones and neurosteroids - novel therapeutic strategies in bacterial infections: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation</strong></a></h4><p>Daniela Brdová, Bára Křížkovská, Jan Špaček, Zdeněk Míchal, Eva Jablonská, Ondřej Strnad, Hana Chodounská, Eszter Szánti-Pintér, Marina Morozovová, Václav Hanžl, Jan Tkadlec, Martijn Riool, Jan Lipov, Jitka Viktorová, Eva Kudová&nbsp;</p><p><i><strong>Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2026, 308, 118716</strong></i></p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2026.118716">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2026.118716</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><h4><strong>Abstract</strong></h4><p>The global rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates novel therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases. Inhibition of bacterial efflux pumps, which contribute to multidrug resistance, represents a promising approach to restore or even increase the efficacy of existing antibiotics. Using fluorescence-based ethidium bromide accumulation, broth microdilution, and checkerboard assays, we evaluated 26 endogenous steroidal hormones and neurosteroids, along with 30 synthetic derivatives, for their ability to enhance antibiotic susceptibility in multidrug-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Structure-activity relationship analysis identified compounds <strong>13</strong> and <strong>16</strong> as lead candidates, exhibiting strong efflux pump inhibition and marked reductions in the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. Both compounds showed additive effects in checkerboard assays. Modifications at C-3 (polar substitution) and C-17 (3α,5β-stereochemistry and nonpolar substitution) were essential for potent efflux inhibition and sensitization, although these modifications were not additive when combined. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that compound <strong>13</strong> significantly downregulated <i>S. aureus</i> virulence-associated genes when administered alone or in combination with antibiotics. Cytotoxicity assessment in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and receptor transactivation assays for estrogen, androgen, and progesterone receptors indicated that the most active derivatives were non-toxic and lacked detectable endocrine activity, suggesting a favorable safety profile. Overall, these findings support the concept that rationally designed andostane-based steroidal scaffolds can function as competitive bacterial efflux pump inhibitors and serve as potential antibiotic adjuvants to mitigate efflux-mediated resistance.</p><h4><strong>Instrumentation</strong></h4><h5><strong>Structural characterization</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>AVANCE III 400 MHz NMR spectrometer</strong> (Bruker)</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=LTQ+Orbitrap+XL"><strong>LTQ Orbitrap XL HRMS</strong></a> (Thermo Fisher Scientific, ESI)</li></ul></div>

Steroidal hormones and neurosteroids – novel therapeutic strategies in bacterial infections

<p><strong>Metformin is currently the first-line oral drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It reduces glucose production in the liver, improves tissue sensitivity to insulin, and does not cause weight gain or hypoglycemia, which sets it apart from some other antidiabetic drugs. Moreover, its long-term beneficial effects on the risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes have been well established. Researchers from the Institute of Physiology CAS (IPHYS) have identified a new group of blood metabolites that could help physicians objectively monitor whether patients with type 2 diabetes are taking their metformin as prescribed.</strong></p><h4><strong>New biomarkers for metformin use</strong></h4><p>A team led by Tomáš Čajka from the Laboratory of Translational Metabolism at IPHYS analyzed plasma samples from <strong>637 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin</strong> and <strong>143 non-diabetic controls</strong> using advanced metabolomics and lipidomics. Among 614 detected metabolites, they identified five from the group of <strong>N-lactoyl-amino acids </strong>(e.g. N‑lactoyl-phenylalanine), which had previously been seen as unknown signals due to missing reference spectra in databases. The levels of these metabolites in the blood closely reflected the plasma concentrations of metformin. In patients with the highest metformin exposure, the concentrations of these metabolites were up to 7.2 times higher than in controls.</p><h4><strong>A sensitive “fingerprint” of the drug’s effect</strong></h4><p>N-Lactoyl-amino acids are formed in cells by combining lactate and amino acids, thus reflecting the metformin-induced changes in cellular energy metabolism. “<i>Importantly, even though they occur in plasma only at nanomolar concentrations, they reliably distinguish patients who take metformin regularly from those who take it irregularly or not at all</i>,” emphasizes T. Čajka.</p><h4><strong>Metabolomics in practice and international collaboration</strong></h4><p>The study also provides a detailed description of broader metabolic changes in type 2 diabetes, including increases in lactate, organic acids, and branched-chain amino acids, as well as extensive remodelling of the lipid profile. In addition to T. Čajka’s team, collaborators from the Institute for <strong>Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague</strong> and the <strong>West Coast Metabolomics Center</strong> (University of California, Davis) also participated in the study.</p><p>The results demonstrate that advanced metabolomics approaches developed at IPHYS within the <strong>CarDia project</strong> can find highly practical applications both in clinical studies and in personalized monitoring of treatment in patients with diabetes.</p><blockquote><h4><strong>The original article</strong></h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpt.70205"><strong>Untargeted Metabolomics Identifies N-Lactoyl-Amino Acids as Dose-Responsive Plasma Biomarkers of Metformin Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes</strong></a></h4><p>Tomas Cajka, Jiri Hricko, Lucie Rudl Kulhava, Michaela Paucova, Michaela Novakova, Veronika Hola, Stanislava Rakusanova, Oliver Fiehn, Vojtech Skop, Ivana Lankova, Iva Miskova, Terezie Pelikanova, Martin Haluzik</p><p>Clin Pharmacol Ther, 119: 1057-1069</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.70205">https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.70205</a></p><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><strong>CC-BY 4.0</strong></a></h6></blockquote><h4><strong>Abstract</strong></h4><p>Metformin is the most widely prescribed antidiabetic drug, yet adherence remains difficult to objectively assess. Using untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics, we analyzed plasma from 637 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with confirmed metformin use and 143 nondiabetic controls, annotating 614 metabolites. Patients were stratified by plasma metformin into sub-therapeutic, therapeutic, and supra-therapeutic groups, and associations were evaluated by multiple linear regression and composite metabolite ranking. Five previously unannotated features were structurally identified as N-lactoyl-amino acids, whose levels correlated strongly with plasma metformin (ρ = 0.42–0.55, P &lt; 0.0001) and increased up to 7.2-fold in the supra-therapeutic group (&gt; 2000 ng/mL). While N-lactoyl-amino acids were consistently detected in the nanomolar range, they still displayed robust and dose-dependent associations with metformin. Broader metabolic changes in T2D included elevated lactate, organic acids, and branched-chain amino acids, together with reduced urea cycle metabolites. Lipidomics showed increases in saturated triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols and decreases in cholesteryl esters, sphingomyelins, and phospholipids. These findings establish N-lactoyl-amino acids as robust, dose-responsive plasma biomarkers of metformin exposure. Despite being up to four orders of magnitude less abundant than their amino acid precursors, they sensitively reflect mitochondrial lactate overflow and pharmacodynamic adaptation, offering objective assessment of adherence.</p>

New blood biomarkers reveal how faithfully diabetes patients take metformin

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The Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS) was established by Act No. 283/1992 Coll. as the Czech successor of the former Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. It is set up as a complex of 54 public research institutions.

Czech Academy of Sciences

The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague) is a leading scientific institution in the Czech Republic, recognized internationally. Its primary mission is basic research in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, organic and material oriented chemistry, chemistry of natural compounds, biochemistry and molecular biology, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. 

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences

Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

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KNAUER Eurosil Bioselect 300 C18A HPLC Columns (USP L1)

Eurosil Bioselect C18A has been specifically developed for the determination and purification of peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides up to a molecular weigth of approximately 5 kDa.

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>Analytical wide pore phase for the determination of biomolecules up to 5000 Da​</strong></p><p><strong>Eurosil Bioselect C18A </strong>has been specifically developed for the <strong>determination</strong> and <strong>purification</strong> of <strong>peptides</strong>, <strong>proteins</strong>, and <strong>oligonucleotides</strong> up to a molecular weigth of approximately <strong>5 kDa</strong>.</p><h5><strong>Properties</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Ultra pure, spherical wide pore HPLC </strong>phase based on silica gel</li><li>Unpolar, monomeric C18 (Octadecyl) modification, endcapped</li><li><strong>7 % carbon content </strong>(hydrophilic endcapping)</li><li><strong>Separation mechanism: </strong>hydrophobic interaction</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_C18_A_6f4b0c3063.webp" alt="KNAUER: C18A" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_C18_A_6f4b0c3063.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="690" height="428"></p><h5><strong>Recommended application areas</strong></h5><ul><li>Hydrophilic and polar biomolecules, peptides, very polar biomolecules separated with 100 % aqueous eluents</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_Phases_98acc32d0e.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurosil Bioselect - Phases and recommended sizes of molecules" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_Phases_98acc32d0e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1385" height="778"></p><h3><strong>KNAUER Wide pore HPLC columns</strong></h3><p><strong>For enhanced resolution, capacity and recovery of proteins and other biomolecules</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Material: </strong>Silica or polymer particles</li><li><strong>Separation Ranges</strong>: 2–100 kDa</li><li><strong>Column Brands</strong>: Eurosil Bioselect or AppliChrom®</li><li><strong>Particle sizes:</strong> 3–10 µm</li><li><strong>Pore Sizes: </strong>300 or 100–1000 Å</li><li><strong>Specific surface: </strong>90 ± 5 m2/g</li><li><strong>Pore volume:</strong> 0.8 ml/g</li><li><strong>Density:</strong> 450 g/l</li><li><strong>Applications:</strong> Peptides exceeding approximately 50 amino acids and oligonucleotides greater than 25 residues</li><li><strong>Customize: </strong>Bioanalysis requires a lot of flexibility in the pore size, the pH range, the temperatures and the solvents used. To achieve this, we cross phase limits.</li></ul><h4><strong>Characteristics&nbsp;</strong></h4><ul><li>Eurosil Bioselect columns are available in 4 modifications, useful for a wide range of separation tasks involving large molecules up to 100 000 Da.</li><li>Strict manufacturing procedures ensure a very narrow pore size distribution.</li><li>Interfering anions or heavy metal ions on the silica surface are not present in Eurosil Bioselect columns because only ultra pure silica gel and high quality chemical modifications are employed.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_85cfc2d201.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurosil Bioselect" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_85cfc2d201.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="1114" height="782"></p><h4><strong>Separation mechanism of Eurosil Bioselect</strong></h4><p>To separate larger molecules, they need to freely access the interior of the pores of the packing material. Therefore, the analytes’ diameter must be smaller than the average pore diameter.&nbsp;</p><p>For higher molecular weight solutes, the use of lower pore size materials (60-120 Å) as typically used for the analysis of small molecules may result restricted diffusion in the material´s pores and therewith reduced column efficiency.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Modifications</strong></h4><p>The recommended modification of Eurosil Bioselect depends on the molecular weight of the analytes.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_chemical_modifications_1fd5d87f7b.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurosil Bioselect - chemical modifications" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_chemical_modifications_1fd5d87f7b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="955" height="505"><br>&nbsp;</p>

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA SuperOH-P Columns for GPC/SEC

Optimally suited for aqueous SEC separations. Aqueous and highly hydrophilic polymeric base material.

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>AppliChrom® SEC columns for biopolymers and aqueous polymers</strong></p><p>Optimally suited for aqueous SEC separations. Aqueous and highly hydrophilic polymeric base material. Polymethacrylate resin, cross-linked with polyhydroxylated ether (surface contains some residual carboxyl functional groups)</p><h4><strong>Properties:</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Particle size: </strong>7 µm for pore sizes up to 300 Å and 10 µm for pore sizes over 350 Å and the multipore columns</li><li><strong>Stable between:</strong> pH 2–12.5</li><li><strong>Pressure stable: </strong>for 30–70 bar depending on pore size</li><li><strong>Temperature stability:</strong> between 10–85 °C</li><li><strong>Flow rate:</strong> maximum 1 ml/min</li><li>Low column bleed for low detector noise</li><li>Large pore volume for optimal resolution</li><li>Individual pore sizes for individual molecular weight ranges</li><li>Multi-pore technology for a wide range of molecular sizes</li><li>Increased lifetime of SEC columns through combination of proprietary particle and packing technology</li><li><strong>Recommended eluents:</strong> H₂O, buffers</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_Super_OH_P_Pore_sizes_4cb72c682d.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA SuperOH-P - Pore sizes" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_Super_OH_P_Pore_sizes_4cb72c682d.jpg 216w," sizes="100vw" width="1478" height="1071"></p><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><p><strong>Water soluble (bio)polymers up to 40 000 kDa:</strong></p><ul><li>proteins, oligonucleotides, virus, heparin, polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyethylene glycol (PEG), pullulan, maltodextrin, inulin, pectine, polycarboxylate ethers, gelatine, dextranes, polyacrylamide (PAM), PEGylated proteins acrylate dispersions</li></ul><h3><strong>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</strong></h3><p><strong>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratories</strong></p><p>Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.</p><p>Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a <strong>wide range of pore sizes</strong> (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and <strong>several particle sizes</strong> (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"></p><h3><strong>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</strong></h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO,<br>PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li><strong>Seperation Ranges: </strong>100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4><strong>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</strong></h4><p>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718"></p>

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA RPpetide GPC Columns for RP

AppliChrom® Polymer based reversed phase (RP) columns to reversed phase (RP) separation with orthogonal selectivity to silica based columns.

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>AppliChrom® Polymer based reversed phase (RP) columns</strong></p><h4><strong>Properties:</strong></h4><ul><li>Rigid, spherical styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Particle sizes between:</strong> 3 to 30 μm</li><li><strong>Pore sizes of: </strong>100–1 000 Å</li><li>Reversed Phase (RP) separation with orthogonal selectivity to silica based columns</li><li>Improved chemical stability</li><li><strong>Stable between:</strong> pH 1.5–14</li><li><strong>Temperature stability: </strong>10–90 °C</li><li><strong>Stable towards pressures:</strong> up to 150 bar</li><li>Low backpressure with high plate counts, ideal for preparative applications</li><li>Low column bleed for low detector noise</li><li>Up and down scaling ensured beteween analytical RP-HPLC and preparative process chromatography</li><li><strong>Recommended eluents:</strong> &nbsp;H₂O/ACN or H₂O/MeOH with up to 1 % TFA, FA or NaOH additive</li></ul><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><ul><li>Polar peptides, proteins or vitamins, hydrophobic amines</li></ul><h3><strong>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</strong></h3><p><strong>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratories</strong></p><p>Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.</p><p>Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a <strong>wide range of pore sizes</strong> (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and <strong>several particle sizes</strong> (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"></p><h3><strong>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</strong></h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO,<br>PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li><strong>Seperation Ranges: </strong>100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4><strong>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</strong></h4><p>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718"></p>

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA VivoSep SEC Columns

AppliChrom® SEC columns for water soluble (bio)polymers are multi hydrophilic layered SEC media for highest efficiency and low interaction.

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>AppliChrom® SEC columns for water soluble (bio)polymers</strong></p><h4><strong>Properties:</strong></h4><ul><li>Multi hydrophilic layered SEC media for highest efficiency and low interaction</li><li><strong>Available seperation ranges:</strong> from small molecules up to 5 500 kDa</li><li><strong>Temperature stability: </strong>10-90 °C</li><li><strong>Stable between: </strong>pH 2–10</li><li><strong>Pressure stability:</strong> up to 200 bar</li><li>Simple adaptation from HPLC to SEC with stainless steel instruments</li><li>Versatile tool for accurate protein molecular weight or size determination</li><li>Low column bleed for low detector noise</li><li>Increased lifetime of SEC columns through combination of proprietary particle and packing technology</li><li><strong>Recommended eluents:</strong> H₂O, buffers</li></ul><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><ul><li>Water soluble proteins, humic substances</li></ul><h3><strong>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</strong></h3><p><strong>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratories</strong></p><p>Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.</p><p>Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a <strong>wide range of pore sizes</strong> (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and <strong>several particle sizes</strong> (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"></p><h3><strong>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</strong></h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO,<br>PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li><strong>Seperation Ranges: </strong>100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4><strong>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</strong></h4><p>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718"></p>

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil SEC Columns

Interaction-free pure GPC & SEC base material with focus on polycationic, polyelectrolytic or funktional amine analytes

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>AppliChrom® SEC columns for neutral, anionic and additional cationic polymers</strong></p><h4><strong>Properties:</strong></h4><ul><li>Interaction-free pure GPC &amp; SEC base material with focus on polycationic, polyelectrolytic or funktional amine analytes</li><li>No salt addition is needed to surpress surface adsorption</li><li>No ion exclusion phenomena</li><li>Possible to be used in universal calibration &amp; accurate molecular weight determination even for small polycationic molecules</li><li><strong>Temperature stability between:</strong> 10–90 °C</li><li><strong>Stable with:</strong> pH 2–10</li><li><strong>Simple, reliable and robust GPC &amp; SEC calibration</strong> from dextrans, pullulans et al.</li><li><strong>Low column bleed </strong>for low detector gain for improved refractive index, light scattering or viscosity detection</li><li><strong>Large volume</strong> and optimized mass transfer for polymers with optimized resolution</li><li><strong>Low cost due to long column lifetime</strong> - result of the combination of optimized particle and packing technology</li><li><strong>Recommended eluents:</strong> H₂O, buffers</li></ul><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><p><strong>Water soluble analytes like:</strong></p><ul><li>polycations, polyamines (chitosanes), polyethylenoxides, polysaccharides, polyanions (heparins, pectins), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyethylene glycol (PEG), Ppolyethyleneimins (PEI), polyvinylimidazole</li></ul><h3><strong>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</strong></h3><p><strong>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratories</strong></p><p>Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.</p><p>Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a <strong>wide range of pore sizes</strong> (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and <strong>several particle sizes</strong> (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"></p><h3><strong>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</strong></h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO,<br>PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li><strong>Seperation Ranges: </strong>100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4><strong>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</strong></h4><p>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718"></p>

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe GPC Columns

Organic polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer base material with high porosity for high resolution

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>AppliChrom® GPC columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules with THF, toluene, chloroform</strong></p><h4><strong>Properties:</strong></h4><ul><li>Organic polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer base material with high porosity for high resolution</li><li><strong>High pressure stability: </strong>up to 150 bar</li><li><strong>Temperature stable:</strong> between 10-145 °C</li><li><strong>GPC range:</strong> from 0.1 up to 50 000 kDa</li><li><strong>Low column bleed</strong> for low detector noise</li><li><strong>High purity</strong> to eliminate adsorptive effects and combine pure GPC with long lifetime</li><li><strong>Large calibration ranges</strong> for several decades due to the unique process of BPT technology</li><li>Range of individual porosities that can be used individually or in combination</li><li><strong>Optimized for: </strong>1 ml/min flow rate for 8 mm ID columns</li><li><strong>High level of reproducibility</strong> and peak precision due to the advanced packing procedure</li><li><strong>Recommended eluents:</strong> THF, Toluene, CHCl₃, dichlorbenzene, hexane/EtOAc (10:90, V:V)</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_Sty_Di_Vi_Be_P_Molecular_sizes_range_ca9a682d2e.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe-P - Molecular sizes range" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_Sty_Di_Vi_Be_P_Molecular_sizes_range_ca9a682d2e.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1072" height="712"></p><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><p><strong>Hydrophobic oligomers or polymers like:</strong></p><ul><li>PVC, PMMA, polystyrene, epoxy resins, polyesters, bisphenol A resins</li></ul><h3><strong>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</strong></h3><p><strong>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratories</strong></p><p>Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.</p><p>Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a <strong>wide range of pore sizes</strong> (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and <strong>several particle sizes</strong> (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"></p><h3><strong>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</strong></h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO,<br>PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li><strong>Seperation Ranges: </strong>100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4><strong>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</strong></h4><p>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718"></p>

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil GPC Columns

Organic polymer base material with high porosity for high resolution

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>AppliChrom® GPC columns for organic GPC analyses in DMAc or DMF</strong></p><h4><strong>Properties:</strong></h4><ul><li>Organic polymer base material with high porosity for high resolution</li><li>Wide range of porosities and particle sizes</li><li><strong>Pressure stability:</strong> up to 150 bar</li><li><strong>Stable between: </strong>35-145 °C</li><li><strong>Excellent reproducibility</strong> and resolution due to the advanced packing procedure</li><li><strong>High purity</strong> to eliminate adsorptive effects and combine pure GPC with long lifetime</li><li><strong>GPC range from:</strong> 100-1 000 000 Da</li><li><strong>Optimal for: </strong>0.5 ml/min flow rates with 8 mm ID colums</li><li><strong>Recommended eluents: </strong>DMAc, DMF, NMP, LiBr additive</li></ul><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><p><strong>Slightly polar analytes like:</strong></p><ul><li>PMMA, polyacryl nitril (PAN), acrylnitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), cellulose, and all DMF and DMAc soluble polymers</li></ul><h3><strong>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</strong></h3><p><strong>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratories</strong></p><p>Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.</p><p>Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a <strong>wide range of pore sizes</strong> (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and <strong>several particle sizes</strong> (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"></p><h3><strong>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</strong></h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO,<br>PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li><strong>Seperation Ranges: </strong>100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4><strong>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</strong></h4><p>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718"></p>

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil GPC Columns

AppliChrom® DMSO-PHIL optimized for DMSO-GPC applications from an interaction-free pure GPC base material

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>AppliChrom® DMSO-PHIL optimized for DMSO-GPC applications</strong></p><h4><strong>Properties:</strong></h4><ul><li>Interaction-free pure GPC base material</li><li><strong>Temperature stabel between:</strong> 40-90 °C (145 °C) depending on application</li><li><strong>Simple, reliable and robust </strong>GPC &amp; SEC calibration from dextrans, pullulans et al.</li><li><strong>Low column bleed</strong> for low detector gain for improved refractive index, light scattering or viscosity detection</li><li><strong>12 µm particle technology</strong> for low back pressure</li><li>Tolerates traces of water and NaNO₃ additve</li><li><strong>Large volume and optimized mass transfer</strong> for polymers with optimized resolution</li><li><strong>Low cost due to long column lifetime</strong> - result of the combination of optimized particle and packing technology</li><li><strong>Recommended eluents:</strong> DMSO, 0.075 M NaNO₃</li></ul><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><p><strong>Polar, not water soluble oligomers or polymers like:</strong></p><ul><li>polysaccharides, lignin, amylose, starch, humic acids, polyvenyl pyridin, PNIPA, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), melamin-urea-formaldehyd resin (MUF) or urea-formaldehyd resin (UF)</li></ul><h3><strong>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</strong></h3><p><strong>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratories</strong></p><p>Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.</p><p>Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a <strong>wide range of pore sizes</strong> (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and <strong>several particle sizes</strong> (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"></p><h3><strong>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</strong></h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO,<br>PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li><strong>Seperation Ranges: </strong>100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4><strong>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</strong></h4><p>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718"></p>

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA HFIP-Phil GPC Columns

AppliChrom® GPC columns for separations in HFIP with broad pore technology for GPC for analytes with challenging solution behavior

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>AppliChrom® GPC columns for separations in HFIP</strong></p><h4><strong>Properties:</strong></h4><ul><li>Broad pore technology for GPC for analytes with challenging solution behavior</li><li><strong>Separation range beween:</strong> 0.1–50 000 kDa</li><li>Range of individual porosities that can be used individually or in combination</li><li><strong>Temperature stable between:</strong> 35–145 °C</li><li><strong>Long column lifetime</strong> - result of the combination of optimized particle and packing technology</li><li><strong>Low column bleed</strong> for low detector noise</li><li><strong>Excellent reproducibility and resolution</strong> due to the advanced packing procedure</li><li><strong>Calibration standard:</strong> PMMA or PEO &nbsp;</li><li><strong>Recommended eluents</strong>: Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), 0.1 % KTFa as modifier</li></ul><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><p><strong>Crystalline highperformance polymers like:&nbsp;</strong></p><ul><li>polyamides (PA), polyethylen terepthalate (PET), polybutylen terepthalate (PBT), polylactic acid (PLA), polyamid 6 (PA6), polycaprolactam, paraformaldehyde, polyoxymethylene (POM), polyacetal, several polyoxazolines</li></ul><h3><strong>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</strong></h3><p><strong>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratories</strong></p><p>Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.</p><p>Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a <strong>wide range of pore sizes</strong> (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and <strong>several particle sizes</strong> (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"></p><h3><strong>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</strong></h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO,<br>PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li><strong>Seperation Ranges: </strong>100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4><strong>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</strong></h4><p>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718"></p>

KNAUER Sepapure® FPLC Columns for Antibody Affinity Chromatography

 The FPLC media is functionalized either with Protein A or Protein G ligands for the binding of antibodies or antibody fragments.

<p><strong>FPLC media</strong> based on cross-linked agarose beads with a mean diameter of 100 µm. &nbsp;The FPLC media is functionalized either with <strong>Protein A</strong> or<strong> Protein G ligands</strong> for the binding of antibodies or antibody fragments.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Antibody_Affinity_Protein_A_and_G_08afa2179e.webp" alt="KNAUER: FPLC Column for Antibody Affinity - Protein A and G" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Antibody_Affinity_Protein_A_and_G_08afa2179e.webp 236w," sizes="100vw" width="690" height="456"></p><h4><strong>Properties:</strong></h4><p>Sepapure® Affinity media for antibodies or antibody fragments is designed to be used with most aqueous buffer systems. It is long lasting when correctly handled and are compatible with common CIP strategies. All Sepapure® media is stored in 20 % ethanol upon delivery. Available as prepacked 1 ml or 5 ml cartridge or as bulk material.</p><h4><strong>Technical data:</strong></h4><p>Agarose beads with typical loading ranges of 1 - 30 mg/l (Protein A column) or 1 - 15 mg/ml (Protein G column). The maximum operating pressure the<br>Sepapure® columns should be used at is 3 bar, while the recommended flowrate is 1 CV/ml.</p><h4><strong>Recommended application areas:</strong></h4><p>Typically used in the first step („capture“) of an FPLC purification procedure.</p><h3><strong>KNAUER Sepapure®&nbsp;</strong></h3><p>In protein purification, a combination of different methods is needed for a successful separation. The purity of the wanted biomolecule is increased in three steps: <strong>Capture - Intermediate - Polishing</strong></p><p>In the “<strong>capture step</strong>” the crude biomolecule is extracted from major side products. In the “i<strong>ntermediate step</strong>” further contaminations are removed, and the highly pure biomolecule is gained in the “<strong>polishing step</strong>”. For each step a different method and therefore different columns are used.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>FPLC Sepapure® columns</strong> are dedicated for <strong>purification of biomolecules</strong>. Sepapure® <strong>media for affinity chromatography (AC) </strong>and<strong> Ion-Exchange chromatography (IEX)</strong> is based on Agarose and depending on the specific purification mode functionalized with ligands e.g. Protein A, Ni-NTA or quaternary ammonium (Q). These FPLC media are available packed in 1 ml and 5 ml cartridges or as bulk media.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_FPLC_Sepapure_columns_ad980345f3.jpg" alt="KNAUER: FPLC Sepapure® columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_FPLC_Sepapure_columns_ad980345f3.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1372" height="562"></p><h5><strong>Physical properties FPLC Sepapure® columns</strong></h5><ul><li>Resin 100 µm Agarose particles with 4 % or 6 % crosslinking</li><li><strong>Flowrate Recommended: </strong>1 CV/ml</li><li><strong>pH Stability</strong> 3 – 9 long term</li><li><strong>Max. pressure</strong> 3 bar</li></ul><p>Sepapure® Desalting columns are based on Dextran with an exclusion limit of 5 kDa and available in 1 ml and 5 ml cartridges.&nbsp;</p><h5><strong>Physical properties Sepapure® Desalting columns</strong></h5><ul><li>Resin 20 – 50 µm Dextran particles</li><li><strong>Flowrate Recommended:</strong> 1 CV/ml</li><li><strong>Exclusion limit</strong> 5 kDa</li><li><strong>Max. pressure</strong> 3 bar</li></ul>

Products from category HPLC columns focused on Consumables - page 20

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