Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals that have been widely used since the 1940s in industries and consumer goods. They are found in products like water-repellent clothing, stain-resistant fabrics, cosmetics, firefighting foams, and grease-, water-, and oil-resistant items. For instance, PFAS are commonly present in non-stick cookware used in everyday life. Their persistence and long biological half-lives have resulted in measurable levels in nearly all people in developed countries, with associated PFAS human health effects reported worldwide.Evaluating PFAS health risks requires understanding their adverse health effects at real-world exposures, particularly during sensitive life stages, along with their modes of action, toxicokinetics, and dose-response relationships. This knowledge supports risk estimates that guide public health limits, exposure reduction, and environmental cleanup efforts.<h3>Why are PFAS a Health Concern?</h3>PFAS have a chemical structure with a perfluorinated carbon tail that repels both water and oil and an anionic head group that attracts water, making them highly resistant and persistent. As a result, they do not break down and instead accumulate in the bodies of people and animals worldwide through food and repeated exposures. They even bio-magnify through the food web. Growing evidence has raised concerns about the harmful effects of PFAS on human health.In the human body, PFAS bind strongly to proteins due to their polar, hydrophobic nature and have been detected in serum, cord blood, and breast milk. Unlike many other bio-accumulative contaminants, they do not tend to accumulate in fat tissue.<h3>PFAS Testing Techniques</h3>PFAS have a chemical structure with a perfluorinated carbon tail that repels both water and oil and an anionic head group that attracts water, making them highly resistant and persistent. As a result, they do not break down and instead accumulate in the bodies of people and animals worldwide through food and repeated exposures. They even bio-magnify through the food web. Growing evidence has raised concerns about the harmful effects of PFAS on human health.In the human body, PFAS bind strongly to proteins due to their polar, hydrophobic nature and have been detected in serum, cord blood, and breast milk. Unlike many other bio-accumulative contaminants, they do not tend to accumulate in fat tissue.While animal studies show that most PFAS are primarily excreted through urine, renal clearance in humans is much slower, raising significant concerns for PFAS human health. The slow elimination contributes to the long-term effects of PFAS on humans.PFAS have extended half-lives, with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) persisting for approximately 3.5 years and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) for roughly 4.8 years. Some studies also report a range of 2.3 to 3.3 years. These findings highlight serious PFAS health risks, demanding the need for continued monitoring and risk assessment.<h3>Known and Suspected Health Effects of PFAs in Humans</h3><h4>Immunological effects</h4>Epidemiological studies have shown that PFAS exposure is linked to weakened immune responses, including reduced antibody levels after vaccinations such as diphtheria, tetanus, rubella, and mumps, with these effects persisting into adolescence and adulthood.Prenatal and early-life exposure to PFAS has been linked to higher risks of infections such as airway, throat, and gastrointestinal illnesses, as well as conditions like atopic dermatitis. Overall, the evidence on PFAS and human health suggests that exposure to PFAS during infancy and childhood can suppress the immune system, though some effects may differ by sex.<h4>Liver disease and cancer</h4>The liver is a major site for long-chain PFAS accumulation, with experimental studies showing toxic effects such as fat infiltration in liver cells, apoptosis, disrupted fatty acid metabolism, and even tumor development. Animal toxicology and histology studies indicate that PFAS can alter liver metabolism, causing increased bile acid reuptake and lipid buildup. These findings demonstrate the effects of PFAS on liver function and long-term disease risk.<h4>Kidney diseases</h4>PFAS exposure has been consistently linked to higher uric acid levels, a biomarker of increased risk for kidney disease, in both adults and children. The prolonged half-lives of long-chain PFAS are largely due to strong kidney reabsorption. Human studies link legacy PFAS such as PFOA and PFOS exposure to reduced kidney function and chronic kidney disease. PFOA and PFOS health effects can also be seen in the body where these substances tend to accumulate in kidney tissues causing nephrotoxicity.<h4>Reproductive outcomes</h4>Exposure to PFOA has been linked to reduced sperm motility, lower sperm concentration and count, and hormonal changes in young men. PFAS can also cross the placenta and accumulate in breast milk, allowing transfer from mother to child. As a result, young children often have higher serum PFAS levels than their mothers.<h3>How do PFAS enter the Environment and Food Chain?</h3>Human exposure to PFAS occurs through multiple pathways. These may vary from exposure to indoor air and dust to ingestion of contaminated water and food, particularly in areas near industrial sites. Thus, PFAS human health concerns may arise from:<ul><li>Water: PFAS contaminate public and private drinking water sources, rivers, and groundwater near industrial areas, landfills, and waste sites. Firefighting foams (AFFFs) used at airports, military bases, and training facilities are a major contributor, raising concerns about PFAS chemicals health effects on the communities dependent on these resources.</li><li>Soil and Air: They spread through soil and air around hazardous waste sites, manufacturing facilities such as chrome plating, electronics, textiles, paper, and through biosolids used as fertilizers.</li><li>Food: PFAS enter the food chain through contaminated fish, seafood, dairy, meat, crops, and animal products. Food packaging such as grease-resistant paper, fast-food wrappers, and microwave popcorn bags also contribute PFAS to the environment.</li><li>Household and Consumer Products: Everyday items like stain- and water-resistant fabrics, non-stick cookware, cleaning agents, paints, sealants, and certain personal care products (shampoo, dental floss, cosmetics) release PFAS into homes.</li><li>Exposure Pathways: This is an area of growing research, it is currently understood that people are being exposed to PFAS through various means, including drinking contaminated water, eating contaminated food, inhaling polluted air or dust, swallowing soil, using PFAS-containing products, or working in high-risk occupations such as firefighting and chemical manufacturing.</li></ul><h3>Importance of Accurate PFAS Testing</h3>Accurate<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/industries/pfas"> PFAS testing solutions</a> are essential to measure the presence of environmental chemicals and metabolites in human tissues and fluids. Testing can provide a clearer picture of total internal exposure from all sources and pathways. The wide diversity of PFAS, with varying chemical and physical properties, requires the development of tailored analytical procedures that depend on the sample type and medium.The choice of biological sample depends on the specific PFAS of concern, with serum most often used to measure those with long half-lives, while urine or whole blood may be better for short-lived compounds. PFAS can also be detected in plasma, breast milk, and hair, each providing unique insights into exposure at different life stages. For example, hair can reflect historical exposures, and breast milk testing helps estimate infants intake, which is a significant concern for many communities that have been exposed to these substances.Because PFAS detection limits are 1,000 times lower (ppt) than routine analyses (ppb), strict precautions such as verifying PFAS-free supplies are essential to prevent sample contamination, which can still occur from vendor or manufacturing changes. Extremely low detection limits and regulatory criteria is in the parts per trillion (ppt) range. Hence, field QC sample collection and analysis are crucial in investigating the effects of PFAS on humans.

Health Risks Associated with PFAS Exposure

<div><div>Scientists from UCT Prague contributed to a large-scale study showing that a small change in the so-called anticodon stem of transfer RNAs can expand their decoding capabilities – not only in eukaryotes but also in bacteria.</div><div>Scientists from UCT Prague contributed to a large-scale study showing that even a small change in transfer RNA (tRNA) can fundamentally affect how a cell reads its genetic information. Computer simulations explained why certain tRNAs are able to ignore a signal that under normal circumstances marks the end of protein synthesis. Such tRNAs were previously known in higher organisms. The study, however, mapped how common these unusual tRNAs are in bacteria.The genetic code is a&nbsp;set of rules by which cells translate genetic information during protein synthesis. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) play a&nbsp;key role in this process, recognising short stretches of mRNA known as codons through their anticodon. In addition to amino acid codons, there is one start codon and several termination (stop) codons. Stop codons are not recognised by transfer RNAs but by specialised enzymes that terminate protein synthesis. Standard tRNAs have five nucleobase pairs in their so-called anticodon stem. Recently, however, it has emerged that some organisms carry functional tRNAs with only four pairs. These "shortened" variants can recognise even codons that, according to the classical rules, should not correspond to them.An international team led by the Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences in České Budějovice analysed over 42,000&nbsp;bacterial genomes and found that tRNAs with a&nbsp;four-pair stem occur in bacteria surprisingly often. In some cases, these variants likely enable the reading of the stop codon UGA as the amino acid tryptophan, a&nbsp;phenomenon previously associated mainly with unicellular eukaryotes.The <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://kolar.vscht.cz/">Kolář group</a> at the Department of Physical Chemistry, UCT Prague, focused on the question of why a&nbsp;four-pair stem alters the decoding properties of tRNA. To address this, they employed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, which make it possible to track the movement of every atom in a&nbsp;tRNA molecule over time.Jakub Žváček, a&nbsp;student on the Master's&nbsp;programme in Data Engineering in Chemistry, prepared a&nbsp;total of nine variants derived from the tryptophan tRNA of the bacterium Escherichia coli: the wild type with a&nbsp;five-pair stem, six mutants with a&nbsp;disrupted top base pair, and two previously described variants that promote reading of the stop codon UGA (the G24A&nbsp;and A9C&nbsp;mutations). The simulation results showed that disrupting the top base pair does not cause the overall three-dimensional structure of the tRNA to collapse. It remains stabilised by stacking interactions of neighbouring bases and non-canonical hydrogen bonds. The key finding, however, concerns a&nbsp;region at the interface of the D-arm and the stem – kind of hinge within the tRNA. In some mutants, the simulations revealed destabilisation of this region and increased flexibility of the anticodon stem, reminiscent of the behaviour of known mutations that promote stop codon readthrough. The simulations thus provided a&nbsp;structural explanation for the experimental observations and helped formulate predictions about which nucleotide combinations in the disrupted pair are functionally relevant.The study proposed an extension of the so-called superwobble hypothesis to include non-canonical C:A&nbsp;pairing at the third codon position. If this hypothesis is confirmed for other types of tRNA as well, it will have profound implications for our understanding of how the genetic code — shared by all known organisms — has been shaped by evolution.The results were published in the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/54/7/gkag327/8659125">Nucleic Acids Research</a> (2026, 54, gkag327).</div><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/VSCHT_Praha_Pocitacove_simulace_osvetlily_jak_neobvykle_t_RNA_meni_pravidla_cteni_genetickeho_kodu_f6de6700a0.jpg" alt="VŠCHT Prague: Computer simulations shed light on how unusual tRNAs change the rules of reading the genetic code: Molecular architecture of the transfer RNA with the 5th anticodon-stem base pair labelled. This base pair affects the decoding ability of the tRNA anticodon." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_VSCHT_Praha_Pocitacove_simulace_osvetlily_jak_neobvykle_t_RNA_meni_pravidla_cteni_genetickeho_kodu_f6de6700a0.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="759" height="268"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/VSCHT_Praha_Pocitacove_simulace_osvetlily_jak_neobvykle_t_RNA_meni_pravidla_cteni_genetickeho_kodu_2_c4296b9015.jpg" alt="VŠCHT Prague: Computer simulations shed light on how unusual tRNAs change the rules of reading the genetic code: Analysis of anticodon stem flexibility showed that the mutation of the 5th nucleobase pair (C27A), which enables stop-codon readthrough, loosens the anticodon stem in a manner similar to the previously known Hirsh mutation G24A. Conversely, the C27U mutation does not loosen the stem, which correlates with the absence of this mutation in the genomes of bacteria containing tRNAs with 4bp stems." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_VSCHT_Praha_Pocitacove_simulace_osvetlily_jak_neobvykle_t_RNA_meni_pravidla_cteni_genetickeho_kodu_2_c4296b9015.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="759" height="196"><blockquote><h4>Original article&nbsp;</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://academic.oup.com/nar/article/54/7/gkag327/8659125?login=false">Frequent occurrence and predicted functions of tRNAs with 4-base-pair anticodon stems in bacteria: extended superwobble hypothesis</a></h4>Fadel Fakih, Satish Nandipati, Ambar Kachale, Jiří Heller, Jakub Žváček, Filip Brázdovič, Nawal Al-Chamy, Pragya Tripathi, Zdeněk Paris, Leoš Shivaya Valášek, Michal H Kolář, Vyacheslav Yurchenko, Marek Eliáš, Eugene V Koonin, Julius Lukeš, Anzhelika ButenkoNucleic Acids Research, Volume 54, Issue 7, 24 April 2026, gkag327<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkag327">https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkag327</a><h6>licenced by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>Recently, a tRNATrpCCA with a 4-base-pair (bp) anticodon stem (AS) was shown to efficiently recognize a near-cognate UGA codon in unicellular eukaryotes, such as some trypanosomatids and ciliates, thereby representing a novel codon reassignment mechanism. To determine whether this mechanism also evolved in bacteria, we analysed a dataset of 42 109 genomes, including previously reported cases of stop-to-tryptophan UGA reassignment and a newly identified instance in the phylum Patescibacteriota. We show that the 4-bp AS tRNATrp species are present across diverse bacteria and in some cases likely function in decoding in-frame UGA codons. Most notable is the endosymbiotic bacterium Candidatus Zinderia insecticola, which contains only the near-cognate 4-bp AS tRNATrpCCA, while lacking both canonical 5-bp AS tRNATrpCCA and a tRNATrpUCA. The secondary structure of this 4-bp AS tRNATrp resembles that of its eukaryotic counterpart, suggesting convergent evolution. We experimentally confirmed the UGA readthrough capacity of 4-bp AS tRNATrpCCA in Escherichia coli, and applied molecular dynamics simulations to suggest the underlying mechanism. Furthermore, we tested several predictions based on accepting the previously excluded possibility of C:A base pairing at the 3rd codon position. These findings provide new insights into the structural diversity of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and expand our understanding of genetic code evolution.</div>

Computer simulations shed light on how unusual tRNAs change the rules of reading the genetic code

Clarity 10.2 expands instrument control capabilities with new control modules and updates the MS extension to help you work more efficiently.<h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/999">Clarity</a> 10.2 highlights</h4><ul><li>New and updated control modules</li><li>Improved MS data import and export</li><li>Obsolete hardware support ended</li></ul><h4>Instrument control modules</h4>Clarity 10.2 introduces new instrument control modules from Annuo (AS-3117, FAS-3823) and updated instrument controls form Sykam and Ecom.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Instrument_control_modules_5de26782b0.jpg" alt="DataApex: Instrument control modules" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Instrument_control_modules_5de26782b0.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="380" height="260"><h4>MS data import/export improvements</h4>Clarity improves MS data exchange, especially for *.cdf files. MS instruments now support export and import of multiple spectral data and non-spectral signal data in the same CDF file. Import also better handles uniform sampling information, m/z Step values, scale factors, and file names with non-ASCII characters. Exporting individual chromatogram signals from MS instruments is now available through a separate Export Chromatogram dialog.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_MS_data_import_export_improvements_a7967a4020.jpg" alt="DataApex: MS data import-export improvements" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_MS_data_import_export_improvements_a7967a4020.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="378" height="259"><h4>Obsolete hardware support terminated</h4>Due to changes in Windows driver security requirements, this update discontinues support for obsolete hardware, including INT7, INT9, U-PAD, U-PAD2, and CB20.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Data_Apex_Obsolete_hardware_support_terminated_24d9329419.jpg" alt="DataApex: Obsolete hardware support terminated" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Data_Apex_Obsolete_hardware_support_terminated_24d9329419.jpg 228w," sizes="100vw" width="378" height="259"><blockquote>Explore the complete list of all changes, fixes, and additions in version 10.2.👉<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.dataapex.com/version_history?product=1">See the complete changelog&nbsp;</a></blockquote>

Clarity Chromatography Software 10.2 released!

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Since 1991 DataApex develops and manufactures chromatography data stations. DataApex is constantly striving to provide users with efficient and up-to-date tools for chromatography data processing.

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The University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague is a natural centre of first-rate study and research in the area of chemistry in Czechia and is one of the country's largest educational and research institutions focused on technical chemistry, chemical and biochemical technologies, material and chemical engineering, food chemistry, and environmental studies.

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KNAUER Eurospher II Chiral AM Columns for NP & RP (USP L51)

Eurospher II Chiral AM uses the chiral selector Amylose-tris-(3,5 dimethylphenylcarbamate) and is equivalent to Chiralpak AD. 

Eurospher II Chiral AM uses the chiral selector Amylose-tris-(3,5 dimethylphenylcarbamate) and is equivalent to Chiralpak AD. KNAUER offers 2 different CPS versions: Eurospher II Chiral AM is designed for separations in normal phase (NP) mode and Eurospher II Chiral AM-R &nbsp;for separations in reversed phase (RP) mode.<h5>Properties</h5><ul><li>Silica gel: ultra pure, &gt; 99.99 %</li><li>Metal content: &lt; 10 ppm</li><li>Particle size: 3 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm</li><li>Particle form: spherical</li><li>Pore size of base material: 1000 Å</li><li>Chiral selector: Amylose-tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) for Chiral AM&nbsp;</li></ul><h5>Key features</h5><ul><li>KNAUER offers these chiral stationary phases for two different separation modes: Eurospher II Chiral AM is designed for separations in normal phase (NP) mode, Eurospher II Chiral AM-R for separations in reversed phase mode.</li></ul><h5>Recommended application areas</h5><ul><li>Eurospher II Chiral AM columns are able to separate neutral, acidic and basic racemates.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Chiral_AM_906d13b0b5.webp" alt="KNAUER: Eurospher II Chiral AM" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Chiral_AM_906d13b0b5.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="690" height="388"><blockquote>Stationary phase Eurospher II Chiral AM (AM-R) is provided in these column types: analytical, semi-preparative and preparative.</blockquote>Eurospher II Chiral AM and AM-R Analytical Columns are available with these parameters:<ul><li>Column length (mm): 50, 100, 150, 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 4, 4.6</li><li>Particle size (µm): 3, 5, 10</li></ul>Eurospher II Chiral AM and AM-R Semi-Preparative Standard Columns are available with these parameters:<ul><li>Column length (mm): 150, 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 10</li><li>Particle size (µm): 5, 10</li></ul><h3>KNAUER Chiral HPLC Columns</h3>For analytical, preparative and SMB chiral separations<ul><li>Column Brand<ul><li>Eurospher II</li></ul></li><li>Reversed Phase Modifications<ul><li>Chiral NR-R</li><li>Chiral AM-R</li><li>Chiral OM-R</li></ul></li><li>Normal Phase Modifications<ul><li>Chiral NR</li><li>Chiral AM</li><li>Chiral OM</li></ul></li><li>Flexibility: Wide selection of column and particle sizes, for preparative and analytical applications</li><li>Expandable: Upscaling even for continuous SMB</li><li>Application Service: We offer a customized screening service for your analytes. You will receive an optimal column recommendation including the method parameters.</li></ul><h4>Eurospher II Chiral</h4>Based on ultra-high purity silica, the Eurospher II chiral column materials are characterized by high enantioselectivity and loadability.&nbsp;Available in a wide range of dimensions for analytical, preparative and SMB (simulated moving bed) applications, Eurospher II Chiral columns are the perfect choice for even the most challenging enantioseparation tasks&nbsp;Since chiral separations are not very well predictable, KNAUER offers a chiral screening service for your samples (Article number: AL0220).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurospher_II_chiral_48c53afebe.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurospher II chiral" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurospher_II_chiral_48c53afebe.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1369" height="633"><blockquote>Tip: Some of the most popular eluents for HPLC (such as acetone, chloroform, DMF, DMSO, MEK, toluene, dioxane, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride, pyridine and THF) which may be remaining in your HPLC system, can destroy Eurospher II Chiral AM and OM phases even in small concentrations! It is highly recommended that the HPLC system is flushed with appropriate eluents before the installation of the chiral column.</blockquote>

KNAUER Eurospher II Chiral OM Columns for NP & RP (USP L40, USP L93)

Eurospher II Chiral OM uses the chiral selector Cellulose-tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and is equivalent to Chiralcel OD. 

Eurospher II Chiral OM uses the chiral selector Cellulose-tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) and is equivalent to Chiralcel OD. KNAUER offers 2 different CPS versions: Eurospher II Chiral OM is designed for separations in normal phase (NP) mode and Eurospher II Chiral OM-R for separations in reversed phase (RP) mode.<h5>Properties</h5><ul><li>Silica gel: ultra pure, &gt; 99.99 %</li><li>Metal content: &lt; 10 ppm</li><li>Particle size: 3 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm</li><li>Particle form: spherical</li><li>Pore size of base material: 1000 Å</li><li>Chiral selector: Cellulose-tris-(3,5-dimethyl- phenylcarbamate) for Chiral OM</li></ul><h5>Key features</h5><ul><li>KNAUER offers these chiral stationary phases for two different separation modes: Eurospher II Chiral OM is designed for separations in normal phase (NP) mode, Eurospher II Chiral OM-R for separations in reversed phase mode.</li></ul><h5>Recommended application areas</h5><ul><li>Eurospher II Chiral OM columns are able to separate neutral, acidic and basic racemates.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Chiral_OM_c2a3f1a159.webp" alt="KNAUER: Eurospher II Chiral OM" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Chiral_OM_c2a3f1a159.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="690" height="388"><blockquote>Stationary phase Eurospher II Chiral OM (OM-R) is provided in these column types: analytical, semi-preparative and preparative.</blockquote>Eurospher II Chiral OM and OM-R Analytical Columns are available with these parameters:<ul><li>Column length (mm): 50, 100, 150, 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 4, 4.6</li><li>Particle size (µm): 3, 5, 10</li></ul>Eurospher II Chiral OM and OM-R Semi-Preparative Standard Columns are available with these parameters:<ul><li>Column length (mm): 150, 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 10</li><li>Particle size (µm): 5, 10</li></ul><h3>KNAUER Chiral HPLC Columns</h3>For analytical, preparative and SMB chiral separations<ul><li>Column Brand<ul><li>Eurospher II</li></ul></li><li>Reversed Phase Modifications<ul><li>Chiral NR-R</li><li>Chiral AM-R</li><li>Chiral OM-R</li></ul></li><li>Normal Phase Modifications<ul><li>Chiral NR</li><li>Chiral AM</li><li>Chiral OM</li></ul></li><li>Flexibility: Wide selection of column and particle sizes, for preparative and analytical applications</li><li>Expandable: Upscaling even for continuous SMB</li><li>Application Service: We offer a customized screening service for your analytes. You will receive an optimal column recommendation including the method parameters.</li></ul><h4>Eurospher II Chiral</h4>Based on ultra-high purity silica, the Eurospher II chiral column materials are characterized by high enantioselectivity and loadability.&nbsp;Available in a wide range of dimensions for analytical, preparative and SMB (simulated moving bed) applications, Eurospher II Chiral columns are the perfect choice for even the most challenging enantioseparation tasks&nbsp;Since chiral separations are not very well predictable, KNAUER offers a chiral screening service for your samples (Article number: AL0220).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurospher_II_chiral_48c53afebe.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurospher II chiral" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurospher_II_chiral_48c53afebe.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1369" height="633"><blockquote>Tip: Some of the most popular eluents for HPLC (such as acetone, chloroform, DMF, DMSO, MEK, toluene, dioxane, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride, pyridine and THF) which may be remaining in your HPLC system, can destroy Eurospher II Chiral AM and OM phases even in small concentrations! It is highly recommended that the HPLC system is flushed with appropriate eluents before the installation of the chiral column.</blockquote>

KNAUER Eurospher II Chiral NR Columns for NP & RP

Eurospher II Chiral NR is an immobilized brush-type phase with very broad generality and orhogonal selectivity to Eurospher II Chiral AM and OM.

Eurospher II Chiral NR is an immobilized brush-type phase with very broad generality and orhogonal selectivity to Eurospher II Chiral AM and OM. In many cases it is much more stable compared to Eurospher II Chiral AM or OM. The Chiral-NR selector is covalently bound, so that you can use all HPLC-eluents.Due to its high loadability it is perfectly suited for preparative separations. Both phases can be used in RP and NP mode. Eurospher II Chiral-NR-R shows reversed elution order compared to Eurospher II Chiral-NR caused by the modification with the opposite enantiomeric form of the chiral selector.<h5>Properties</h5><ul><li>Silica gel: ultra pure, &gt; 99.99 %</li><li>Metal content: &lt; 10 ppm</li><li>Particle size:&nbsp;<ul><li>Eurospher II Chiral NR: 3 μm, 5 μm, 8 µm, 12 µm</li><li>Eurospher II Chiral NR-R: 8 µm, 12 µm</li></ul></li><li>Particle form: spherical</li><li>Pore size of base material: 1000 Å</li></ul><h5>Recommended application areas</h5><ul><li>Eurospher II Chiral NR columns are able to separate analytes with an oxygen at or near the chiral center and additionally an aromatic ring.</li></ul><blockquote>Stationary phase Eurospher II Chiral NR (NR-R) is provided in these column types: analytical, semi-preparative and preparative.</blockquote>Eurospher II Chiral NR and NR-R Analytical Columns are available with these parameters:<ul><li>Column length (mm): 50, 100, 150, 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 3, 4, 4.6</li><li>Particle size (µm): 3, 5, 8, 12</li></ul>Eurospher II Chiral NR and NR-R Semi-Preparative Standard Columns are available with these parameters:<ul><li>Column length (mm): 150, 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 8, 10</li><li>Particle size (µm): 8, 12</li></ul><h3>KNAUER Chiral HPLC Columns</h3>For analytical, preparative and SMB chiral separations<ul><li>Column Brand<ul><li>Eurospher II</li></ul></li><li>Reversed Phase Modifications<ul><li>Chiral NR-R</li><li>Chiral AM-R</li><li>Chiral OM-R</li></ul></li><li>Normal Phase Modifications<ul><li>Chiral NR</li><li>Chiral AM</li><li>Chiral OM</li></ul></li><li>Flexibility: Wide selection of column and particle sizes, for preparative and analytical applications</li><li>Expandable: Upscaling even for continuous SMB</li><li>Application Service: We offer a customized screening service for your analytes. You will receive an optimal column recommendation including the method parameters.</li></ul><h4>Eurospher II Chiral</h4>Based on ultra-high purity silica, the Eurospher II chiral column materials are characterized by high enantioselectivity and loadability.&nbsp;Available in a wide range of dimensions for analytical, preparative and SMB (simulated moving bed) applications, Eurospher II Chiral columns are the perfect choice for even the most challenging enantioseparation tasks&nbsp;Since chiral separations are not very well predictable, KNAUER offers a chiral screening service for your samples (Article number: AL0220).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurospher_II_chiral_48c53afebe.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurospher II chiral" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurospher_II_chiral_48c53afebe.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1369" height="633"><blockquote>Tip: Some of the most popular eluents for HPLC (such as acetone, chloroform, DMF, DMSO, MEK, toluene, dioxane, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride, pyridine and THF) which may be remaining in your HPLC system, can destroy Eurospher II Chiral AM and OM phases even in small concentrations! It is highly recommended that the HPLC system is flushed with appropriate eluents before the installation of the chiral column.</blockquote>

KNAUER Eurokat H Ion Exclusion/Ligand Exchange Columns (USP L17)

The Eurokat H ionic form is especially designed for the analysis of organic acids and even complex mixtures of acids, sugars and alcohols as well as sugar alcohols.

Organic acids and alcoholsThe Eurokat H ionic form is especially designed for the analysis of organic acids and even complex mixtures of acids, sugars and alcohols as well as sugar alcohols. It is a cation exchange material with 8 % cross linkage of the styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer. Best results are acieved with aqueous eluents and small amounts of anorganic acids, recommended eluent 0.005 M sulfuric acid. The usage of up to 10 % organic content in the mobile phase is possible.<h5>Properties</h5><ul><li>Sulfonated cross-linked styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer phase for the determination of organic acids, carbohydrates and alcohols</li><li>H-form, 8 % cross linkage</li><li>Cation exchanger, extremly long lasting lifetime when correctly handled, best results with aqueous eluents and small amounts of anorganic acids, recommended eluent 0,01 N sulfuric acid, usage of up to 10 % organic content in the mobile phase is possible</li></ul><h5>Technical Data</h5><ul><li>Sulfonated cross-linked styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer with 8 % cross linkage in the ionic form H, available in 10 μm particle size, pressure stable up to maximum 100 bar</li></ul><h5>Recommended application areas</h5><ul><li>Eurokat H is especially designed for the analysis of organic acids and even complex mixtures of acids, sugars and alcohols as well as sugar alcohols. Due to a differing separation process we recommend the use of these type of columns only in 8 mm ID or 4 mm ID.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurokat_H_Chromatogram_e2c6665a1f.webp" alt="KNAUER: Eurokat H Chromatogram" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurokat_H_Chromatogram_e2c6665a1f.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="690" height="281"><blockquote>Tip: Eurokat columns are characterized by an extremely long lifetime if handled properly. Especially pressure shocks and organic solvent contents of more than 10 % in the mobile phase should be avoided absolutely.</blockquote><h3>KNAUER Ion Exclusion and Ligand Exchange Columns</h3>Separation of organic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols on sulfonated cross-linked styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer<ul><li>Modifications<ul><li>Eurokat H</li><li>Eurokat Ca</li><li>Eurokat Pb</li><li>Eurokat Na</li></ul></li><li>High Temperature Methods: Up to 90 °C</li><li>Method Development: Optional up to 10 % organic solvent</li><li>Chemically stable: pH 1–12</li><li>Sustainability: Aqueous eluents protect the environment and are cost-effectiv</li><li>User Friendly: Simple and robust methods for daily analysis. Versatile in its use.</li><li>Simplicity: Easy purchase via our online store with fast delivery.&nbsp;</li></ul><h4>Characteristics&nbsp;</h4>Eurokat high performance polymer phases were especially developed for the separation of organic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols and even complex mixtures of these compounds. Eurokat is a sulfonated cross-linked styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer available in several ionic forms (H, Ca and Pb). This particular cation exchanger is characterized by an outstanding density of functional groups, making it the ideal choice for your ion exclusion, size exclusion and ligand exchange chromatography.<h4>Choice of chromatographic conditions&nbsp;</h4>The Eurokat stationary phase is designed to be applicable to a wide range of diverse chromatographic conditions. All Eurokat columns can be used at temperatures up to 90 °C with no organic solvents. The best separation of sugars can be achieved using between 60 to 90 °C. To extend separation performance, it is possible to connect up to three columns of Eurokat in series. Eurokat columns require no organic solvents and thus are environmentally friendly.&nbsp;<h4>Stability&nbsp;</h4>Eurokat polymer columns are extremely stable over the whole pH range. This is one striking advantage compared with silica-based phases which have a limited lifetime at pH extremes, especially in the higher pH range. Most importantly, Eurokat phases show extraordinary column lifetime stability and are not affected by aqueous solvents.&nbsp;<h4>Application areas&nbsp;</h4><ul><li>Carbohydrates and organic acids in softdrinks and fruit juices&nbsp;</li><li>Sugar substitutes</li><li>Food preservatives</li><li>Dairy products</li><li>Urine analytic (Uric acid, Hippuric acid)</li><li>Monitoring of fermentation processes</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Principle_of_ligand_exchange_mechanism_a5b7c21c43.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurokat - Principle of ligand exchange mechanism" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Principle_of_ligand_exchange_mechanism_a5b7c21c43.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1382" height="570">

KNAUER Eurokat Pb & Ca Ion Exclusion/Ligand Exchange Columns (USP L34 / USP L19)

The ionic forms Ca and Pb are best suited for the analysis of smaller carbohydrates like mono- and disaccharides and sugars up to a degree of polymerization (DP) of 4. 

Analysis of mono- and disaccharidesThe ionic forms Ca and Pb are best suited for the analysis of smaller carbohydrates like mono- and disaccharides and sugars up to a degree of polymerization (DP) of 4. It is a cation exchange material with 6 % cross linkage of the styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer. Best results are achieved with aqueous eluents, recommended eluent is pure deionized water. The usage of up to 10 % organic content in the mobile phase is possible.<h5>Properties</h5><ul><li>Polymer phase for the determination of mono- and disaccharides</li><li>Pb (USP L34) form, 6 % cross linkage</li><li>Cation exchanger, extremely long lasting lifetime when correctly handled, best results with aqueous eluents, recommended eluent is pure deionized water, usage of up to 10 % organic content in the mobile phase is possible</li></ul><h5>Technical Data</h5><ul><li>Sulfonated cross-linked styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer with 6 % cross linkage in the ionic form Pb, available in 10μm particle size, pressure stable up to maximum 100 bar</li></ul><h5>Recommended application areas</h5><ul><li>Especially designed for the analysis of small carbohydrates up to DP 4</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurokat_Pb_Ca_Chromatogram_2054f70e49.webp" alt="KNAUER: Eurokat Pb &amp; Ca Chromatogram" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurokat_Pb_Ca_Chromatogram_2054f70e49.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="690" height="271"><blockquote>Tip: Eurokat columns are used at high temperatures. During equilibration it is very important to have an eye on the backpressure and to start with very low flow rates and increase them only slowly and stepwise after the column has adapted to the temperature.</blockquote><h3>KNAUER Ion Exclusion and Ligand Exchange Columns</h3>Separation of organic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols on sulfonated cross-linked styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer<ul><li>Modifications<ul><li>Eurokat H</li><li>Eurokat Ca</li><li>Eurokat Pb</li><li>Eurokat Na</li></ul></li><li>High Temperature Methods: Up to 90 °C</li><li>Method Development: Optional up to 10 % organic solvent</li><li>Chemically stable: pH 1–12</li><li>Sustainability: Aqueous eluents protect the environment and are cost-effectiv</li><li>User Friendly: Simple and robust methods for daily analysis. Versatile in its use.</li><li>Simplicity: Easy purchase via our online store with fast delivery.&nbsp;</li></ul><h4>Characteristics&nbsp;</h4>Eurokat high performance polymer phases were especially developed for the separation of organic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols and even complex mixtures of these compounds. Eurokat is a sulfonated cross-linked styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer available in several ionic forms (H, Ca and Pb). This particular cation exchanger is characterized by an outstanding density of functional groups, making it the ideal choice for your ion exclusion, size exclusion and ligand exchange chromatography.<h4>Choice of chromatographic conditions&nbsp;</h4>The Eurokat stationary phase is designed to be applicable to a wide range of diverse chromatographic conditions. All Eurokat columns can be used at temperatures up to 90 °C with no organic solvents. The best separation of sugars can be achieved using between 60 to 90 °C. To extend separation performance, it is possible to connect up to three columns of Eurokat in series. Eurokat columns require no organic solvents and thus are environmentally friendly.&nbsp;<h4>Stability&nbsp;</h4>Eurokat polymer columns are extremely stable over the whole pH range. This is one striking advantage compared with silica-based phases which have a limited lifetime at pH extremes, especially in the higher pH range. Most importantly, Eurokat phases show extraordinary column lifetime stability and are not affected by aqueous solvents.&nbsp;<h4>Application areas&nbsp;</h4><ul><li>Carbohydrates and organic acids in softdrinks and fruit juices&nbsp;</li><li>Sugar substitutes</li><li>Food preservatives</li><li>Dairy products</li><li>Urine analytic (Uric acid, Hippuric acid)</li><li>Monitoring of fermentation processes</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Principle_of_ligand_exchange_mechanism_a5b7c21c43.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurokat - Principle of ligand exchange mechanism" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Principle_of_ligand_exchange_mechanism_a5b7c21c43.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1382" height="570">

KNAUER Eurokat Na Ion Exclusion/Ligand Exchange Columns

The ionic form Na is best suited for the analysis of sugars oligomers up to a degree of polymerization (DP) of 8. 

Analysis of sugar oligomersThe ionic form Na is best suited for the analysis of sugars oligomers up to a degree of polymerization (DP) of 8. It is a cation exchange material with 6 % cross linkage of the styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer. Best results are achieved with aqueous eluents, recommended eluent is pure deionized water. The usage of up to 10 % organic content in the mobile phase is possible.&nbsp;<h5>Properties</h5><ul><li>Polymer phase for the determination of sugar oligomers</li><li>Na form, 6 % cross linkage</li><li>Cation exchanger, extremly long lasting lifetime when correctly handled, best results with aqueous eluents, recommended eluent is pure deionized water, usage of up to 10 % organic content in the mobile phase is possible</li></ul><h5>Technical Data</h5><ul><li>Sulfonated cross-linked styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer with 6 % cross linkage in the ionic form Na, available in 10 μm particle size, pressure stable up to maximum 100 bar</li></ul><h5>Recommended application areas</h5><ul><li>Especially designed for the analysis of sugar oligomers, separates carbohydrates up to DP 8</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurokat_Na_Chromatogram_7d3d81fa52.webp" alt="KNAUER: Eurokat Na Chromatogram" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurokat_Na_Chromatogram_7d3d81fa52.webp 188w," sizes="100vw" width="686" height="568"><blockquote>Tip: Eurokat columns are typically used with 100 % aqueous eluents. For storage, please avoid microbial growth by flushing the Eurokat column with 0.45 µm filtered ultrapure water and storing it at 4 °C.</blockquote><h3>KNAUER Ion Exclusion and Ligand Exchange Columns</h3>Separation of organic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols on sulfonated cross-linked styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer<ul><li>Modifications<ul><li>Eurokat H</li><li>Eurokat Ca</li><li>Eurokat Pb</li><li>Eurokat Na</li></ul></li><li>High Temperature Methods: Up to 90 °C</li><li>Method Development: Optional up to 10 % organic solvent</li><li>Chemically stable: pH 1–12</li><li>Sustainability: Aqueous eluents protect the environment and are cost-effectiv</li><li>User Friendly: Simple and robust methods for daily analysis. Versatile in its use.</li><li>Simplicity: Easy purchase via our online store with fast delivery.&nbsp;</li></ul><h4>Characteristics&nbsp;</h4>Eurokat high performance polymer phases were especially developed for the separation of organic acids, carbohydrates, alcohols and even complex mixtures of these compounds. Eurokat is a sulfonated cross-linked styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer available in several ionic forms (H, Ca and Pb). This particular cation exchanger is characterized by an outstanding density of functional groups, making it the ideal choice for your ion exclusion, size exclusion and ligand exchange chromatography.<h4>Choice of chromatographic conditions&nbsp;</h4>The Eurokat stationary phase is designed to be applicable to a wide range of diverse chromatographic conditions. All Eurokat columns can be used at temperatures up to 90 °C with no organic solvents. The best separation of sugars can be achieved using between 60 to 90 °C. To extend separation performance, it is possible to connect up to three columns of Eurokat in series. Eurokat columns require no organic solvents and thus are environmentally friendly.&nbsp;<h4>Stability&nbsp;</h4>Eurokat polymer columns are extremely stable over the whole pH range. This is one striking advantage compared with silica-based phases which have a limited lifetime at pH extremes, especially in the higher pH range. Most importantly, Eurokat phases show extraordinary column lifetime stability and are not affected by aqueous solvents.&nbsp;<h4>Application areas&nbsp;</h4><ul><li>Carbohydrates and organic acids in softdrinks and fruit juices&nbsp;</li><li>Sugar substitutes</li><li>Food preservatives</li><li>Dairy products</li><li>Urine analytic (Uric acid, Hippuric acid)</li><li>Monitoring of fermentation processes</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Principle_of_ligand_exchange_mechanism_a5b7c21c43.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurokat - Principle of ligand exchange mechanism" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Principle_of_ligand_exchange_mechanism_a5b7c21c43.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1382" height="570">

KNAUER Eurosil Bioselect 300 C4 HPLC Columns (USP L26)

Eurosil Bioselect C4 has been specifically developed for the determination and purification of peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides up to a molecular weight of approximately 100 kDa. 

Analytical wide pore phase for the determination of biomolecules bigger than 20 kDaEurosil Bioselect C4 has been specifically developed for the determination and purification of peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides up to a molecular weight of approximately 100 kDa. The optimized manufacturing process guarantees excellent batch–to-batch reproducibility. The Eurosil Bioselect sorbent is the first choice for Biochromatography with silica material.<h5>Properties</h5><ul><li>Ultra pure, spherical wide pore HPLC phase based on wide pore silica gel</li><li>Unpolar, monomeric C4 modification, endcapped</li><li>2 % carbon content (conventional endcapping)</li><li>Separation mechanism: hydrophobic and hydrophilic interaction</li></ul><figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:200/400;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_C4_3f3adfbdb4.webp" alt="KNAUER: C4" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_C4_3f3adfbdb4.webp 78w," sizes="100vw" width="200" height="400"></figure><h5>Recommended application areas</h5><ul><li>Hydrophilic biomolecules and especially peptides larger than 10 000- 20 000 Da</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_Phases_98acc32d0e.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurosil Bioselect - Phases and recommended sizes of molecules" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_Phases_98acc32d0e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1385" height="778"><h3>KNAUER Wide pore HPLC columns</h3>For enhanced resolution, capacity and recovery of proteins and other biomolecules<ul><li>Material: Silica or polymer particles</li><li>Separation Ranges: 2–100 kDa</li><li>Column Brands: Eurosil Bioselect or AppliChrom®</li><li>Particle sizes: 3–10 µm</li><li>Pore Sizes: 300 or 100–1000 Å</li><li>Specific surface: 90 ± 5 m2/g</li><li>Pore volume: 0.8 ml/g</li><li>Density: 450 g/l</li><li>Applications: Peptides exceeding approximately 50 amino acids and oligonucleotides greater than 25 residues</li><li>Customize: Bioanalysis requires a lot of flexibility in the pore size, the pH range, the temperatures and the solvents used. To achieve this, we cross phase limits.</li></ul><h4>Characteristics&nbsp;</h4><ul><li>Eurosil Bioselect columns are available in 4 modifications, useful for a wide range of separation tasks involving large molecules up to 100 000 Da.</li><li>Strict manufacturing procedures ensure a very narrow pore size distribution.</li><li>Interfering anions or heavy metal ions on the silica surface are not present in Eurosil Bioselect columns because only ultra pure silica gel and high quality chemical modifications are employed.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_85cfc2d201.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurosil Bioselect" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_85cfc2d201.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="1114" height="782"><h4>Separation mechanism of Eurosil Bioselect</h4>To separate larger molecules, they need to freely access the interior of the pores of the packing material. Therefore, the analytes’ diameter must be smaller than the average pore diameter.&nbsp;For higher molecular weight solutes, the use of lower pore size materials (60-120 Å) as typically used for the analysis of small molecules may result restricted diffusion in the material´s pores and therewith reduced column efficiency.&nbsp;<h4>Modifications</h4>The recommended modification of Eurosil Bioselect depends on the molecular weight of the analytes.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_chemical_modifications_1fd5d87f7b.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurosil Bioselect - chemical modifications" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_chemical_modifications_1fd5d87f7b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="955" height="505"> &nbsp;

KNAUER Eurosil Bioselect 300 C8 HPLC Columns (USP L7)

Eurosil Bioselect C8 has been specifically developed for the determination and purification of peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides up to a molecular weight of approximately 20 kDa.

Analytical wide pore phase for the determination of biomolecules bigger than 5000 DaEurosil Bioselect C8 has been specifically developed for the determination and purification of peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides up to a molecular weight of approximately 20 kDa.<h5>Properties</h5><ul><li>Ultra pure, spherical wide pore HPLC phase based on wide pore silica gel</li><li>Unpolar, monomeric C8 modification, endcapped</li><li>4.5 % carbon content (conventional endcapping)</li><li>Separation mechanism: hydrophobic interaction</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_C8_hydrosphob_6986c292b4.webp" alt="KNAUER: C8" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_C8_hydrosphob_6986c292b4.webp 144w," sizes="100vw" width="381" height="413"><h5>Recommended application areas</h5><ul><li>Hydrophilic biomolecules, peptides, peptide mapping after enzymatic digestion</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_Phases_98acc32d0e.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurosil Bioselect - Phases and recommended sizes of molecules" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_Phases_98acc32d0e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1385" height="778"><h3>KNAUER Wide pore HPLC columns</h3>For enhanced resolution, capacity and recovery of proteins and other biomolecules<ul><li>Material: Silica or polymer particles</li><li>Separation Ranges: 2–100 kDa</li><li>Column Brands: Eurosil Bioselect or AppliChrom®</li><li>Particle sizes: 3–10 µm</li><li>Pore Sizes: 300 or 100–1000 Å</li><li>Specific surface: 90 ± 5 m2/g</li><li>Pore volume: 0.8 ml/g</li><li>Density: 450 g/l</li><li>Applications: Peptides exceeding approximately 50 amino acids and oligonucleotides greater than 25 residues</li><li>Customize: Bioanalysis requires a lot of flexibility in the pore size, the pH range, the temperatures and the solvents used. To achieve this, we cross phase limits.</li></ul><h4>Characteristics&nbsp;</h4><ul><li>Eurosil Bioselect columns are available in 4 modifications, useful for a wide range of separation tasks involving large molecules up to 100 000 Da.</li><li>Strict manufacturing procedures ensure a very narrow pore size distribution.</li><li>Interfering anions or heavy metal ions on the silica surface are not present in Eurosil Bioselect columns because only ultra pure silica gel and high quality chemical modifications are employed.</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_85cfc2d201.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurosil Bioselect" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_85cfc2d201.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="1114" height="782"><h4>Separation mechanism of Eurosil Bioselect</h4>To separate larger molecules, they need to freely access the interior of the pores of the packing material. Therefore, the analytes’ diameter must be smaller than the average pore diameter.&nbsp;For higher molecular weight solutes, the use of lower pore size materials (60-120 Å) as typically used for the analysis of small molecules may result restricted diffusion in the material´s pores and therewith reduced column efficiency.&nbsp;<h4>Modifications</h4>The recommended modification of Eurosil Bioselect depends on the molecular weight of the analytes.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_chemical_modifications_1fd5d87f7b.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurosil Bioselect - chemical modifications" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_chemical_modifications_1fd5d87f7b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="955" height="505"> &nbsp;

Galochrom Chiral ION-QD HPLC Preparative Columns

These HPLC columns are based on high-quality spherical silica from the world's leading silica manufacturer from Japan.

Chiral ion exchanger GEN-QD is highly efficient in the enantiomer resolution of acidic compounds.This product is now available in high quality and at a reasonable price at our company!To create our chiral sorbent, we use 3µm fully porous spherical silica particles, which provide greater efficiency than the original product.Additionally, our Galo-ION-QD-200 is recommended for biological applications due to its larger pore size, which improves the separation efficiency for large molecules.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Galochrom_Galochrom_Chiral_ION_QD_HPLC_kolony_ION_QD_selector_10dd9c7ee5.jpg" alt="Galochrom: Galochrom Chiral ION-QD selector."><h5>Premium Quality</h5>In every manufactured product, we guarantee the highest standards of quality.<h5>Cost-effective</h5>Our unique products optimize your budget &amp; enhance efficiency in your laboratory operations.<h5>High-performance</h5>Besides their outstanding performance, our HPLC columns also expand your separation possibilities.<h3>Ordering information</h3><blockquote>Stationary phase Chiral ION-QD is provided in these column types: analytical and preparative</blockquote><h4>Preparative Columns</h4><ul><li>Dimensions [mm]: 150 x 20<ul><li>Porosity: [Å] 120</li><li>Cat. No.: ION05-P150</li><li>Price [€]: 9 800</li></ul></li><li>Dimensions [mm]: 250 x 20<ul><li>Porosity: [Å] 120</li><li>Cat. No.: ION06-P250</li><li>Price [€]: 11 300</li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><h4>Get up to a 20% discount on your first purchase with us.</h4></blockquote><h3>Reach new heights</h3>Spend more time on testing and less time on troubleshooting<blockquote><h4>How can our unique columns help you succeed?</h4>Chiral ION-QN and Chiral ION-QD empower researchers with their daily tasks, such as:<ul><li>Seamless method development</li><li>Enantioseparation</li><li>Quality control</li><li>Monitoring of asymmetric reactions</li><li>Intermolecular interaction studies</li><li>Pharmacokinetic studies</li><li>Preparative separation</li><li>Production scale-up</li><li>Efficient purification</li></ul></blockquote><h4>What makes Chiral <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1241">ION-QN</a> and ION-QD unique?</h4>Designed for stabilityThe manufacturing of Chiral ION-QN and Chiral ION-QD was designed to produce highly reproducible and reliable HPLC columns. Our high standards in synthesis of organic selectors and robust packing technology ensures that each customer receives identical high-performance product.The chromatographic results are reproducible from run-to-run, column-to-column and batch-to-batch.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Galochrom_Chiral_ION_QN_and_Chiral_ION_QD_HPLC_columns_Designed_for_stability_1_9dea7516f4.jpg" alt="Galochrom: Chiral ION-QN &amp; Chiral ION-QD HPLC columns - Designed for stability." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Galochrom_Chiral_ION_QN_and_Chiral_ION_QD_HPLC_columns_Designed_for_stability_1_9dea7516f4.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="655" height="376">During our manufacturing, we implement strict quality control measures over all aspects from silica chemistry up to column packing. As a result, almost no variation is observed among manufactured batches of chiral stationary phases.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Galochrom_Chiral_ION_QN_and_Chiral_ION_QD_HPLC_columns_Designed_for_stability_2_50c42d67e6.jpg" alt="Galochrom: Chiral ION-QN &amp; Chiral ION-QD HPLC columns - Designed for stability." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Galochrom_Chiral_ION_QN_and_Chiral_ION_QD_HPLC_columns_Designed_for_stability_2_50c42d67e6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1176" height="442"><h3>Achieve your results</h3>Increase your productivity with uniform, stable, and reproducible results<h4>High-Quality Silica</h4>Our columns contain fully-porous spherical particles from world’s leading manufacturer based in Japan. These ultra-pure silica particles have narrow size distribution to ensure reproducible, robust and reliable results.In comparison to other manufacturers, Galochrom’s custom packing technology produces very stable and uniform bed with intact silica particles. As a result, our columns:<ul><li>Enhance productivity and resolution</li><li>Provide accurate and consistent performance</li><li>Generate significantly higher plate counts</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Galochrom_Chiral_ION_QN_and_Chiral_ION_QD_HPLC_columns_High_Quality_Silica_522d14ecf7.jpg" alt="Galochrom: Chiral ION-QN &amp; Chiral ION-QD HPLC columns - High-Quality Silica." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Galochrom_Chiral_ION_QN_and_Chiral_ION_QD_HPLC_columns_High_Quality_Silica_522d14ecf7.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="617" height="386"><h4>Elution Order</h4>Chiral ION-QN and Chiral ION-QD represent a pair of columns that enable the reversal of elution order of enantiomers. Now you can position your desired enantiomer first and easily achieve 100% purity at higher pace.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Galochrom_Chiral_ION_QN_and_Chiral_ION_QD_HPLC_columns_Elution_Order_85c5b02411.jpg" alt="Galochrom: Chiral ION-QN &amp; Chiral ION-QD HPLC columns - Elution Order." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Galochrom_Chiral_ION_QN_and_Chiral_ION_QD_HPLC_columns_Elution_Order_85c5b02411.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="953" height="545">The elution order was investigated with other QN/QD derivatives using enantiomeric pairs of Leucine derivatives. The conclusions for the first eluent are following:<ul><li>Chiral ION-QN ⇒ L-Enantiomer</li><li>Chiral ION-QD ⇒ D-Enantiomer</li></ul>

Galochrom Chiral ION-QN HPLC Preparative Columns

These HPLC columns are based on high-quality spherical silica from the world's leading silica manufacturer from Japan. 

Our company is proud to offer the Galo ION-QN chiral ion exchanger, which is capable of efficiently separating enantiomers of acidic compounds.This product is now available in high quality and at a reasonable price at our company!To create our chiral sorbent, we use 3µm fully porous spherical silica particles, which provide greater efficiency than the original product.Additionally, our Galo-ION-QN-200 is recommended for biological applications due to its larger pore size, which improves the separation efficiency for large molecules.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Galochrom_Galochrom_Chiral_ION_QN_HPLC_kolony_ION_QN_selector_f3789cb2c1.jpg" alt="Galochrom: Galochrom Chiral ION-QN selector."><h5>Premium Quality</h5>In every manufactured product, we guarantee the highest standards of quality.<h5>Cost-effective</h5>Our unique products optimize your budget &amp; enhance efficiency in your laboratory operations.<h5>High-performance</h5>Besides their outstanding performance, our HPLC columns also expand your separation possibilities.<h3>Ordering information</h3><blockquote>Stationary phase Chiral ION-QN is provided in these column types: analytical and preparative</blockquote><h4>Preparative Columns</h4><ul><li>Dimensions [mm]: 150 x 20<ul><li>Porosity: [Å] 120</li><li>Cat. No.: ION03-P150</li><li>Price [€]: 9 800</li></ul></li><li>Dimensions [mm]: 250 x 20<ul><li>Porosity: [Å] 120</li><li>Cat. No.: ION04-P250</li><li>Price [€]: 11 300</li></ul></li></ul><blockquote><h4>Get up to a 20% discount on your first purchase with us.</h4></blockquote><h3>Reach new heights</h3>Spend more time on testing and less time on troubleshooting<blockquote><h4>How can our unique columns help you succeed?</h4>Chiral ION-QN and Chiral ION-QD empower researchers with their daily tasks, such as:<ul><li>Seamless method development</li><li>Enantioseparation</li><li>Quality control</li><li>Monitoring of asymmetric reactions</li><li>Intermolecular interaction studies</li><li>Pharmacokinetic studies</li><li>Preparative separation</li><li>Production scale-up</li><li>Efficient purification</li></ul></blockquote><h4>What makes Chiral ION-QN and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1240">ION-QD</a> unique?</h4>Designed for stabilityThe manufacturing of Chiral ION-QN and Chiral ION-QD was designed to produce highly reproducible and reliable HPLC columns. Our high standards in synthesis of organic selectors and robust packing technology ensures that each customer receives identical high-performance product.The chromatographic results are reproducible from run-to-run, column-to-column and batch-to-batch.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Galochrom_Chiral_ION_QN_and_Chiral_ION_QD_HPLC_columns_Designed_for_stability_1_9dea7516f4.jpg" alt="Galochrom: Chiral ION-QN &amp; Chiral ION-QD HPLC columns - Designed for stability." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Galochrom_Chiral_ION_QN_and_Chiral_ION_QD_HPLC_columns_Designed_for_stability_1_9dea7516f4.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="655" height="376">During our manufacturing, we implement strict quality control measures over all aspects from silica chemistry up to column packing. As a result, almost no variation is observed among manufactured batches of chiral stationary phases.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Galochrom_Chiral_ION_QN_and_Chiral_ION_QD_HPLC_columns_Designed_for_stability_2_50c42d67e6.jpg" alt="Galochrom: Chiral ION-QN &amp; Chiral ION-QD HPLC columns - Designed for stability." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Galochrom_Chiral_ION_QN_and_Chiral_ION_QD_HPLC_columns_Designed_for_stability_2_50c42d67e6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1176" height="442"><h3>Achieve your results</h3>Increase your productivity with uniform, stable, and reproducible results<h4>High-Quality Silica</h4>Our columns contain fully-porous spherical particles from world’s leading manufacturer based in Japan. These ultra-pure silica particles have narrow size distribution to ensure reproducible, robust and reliable results.In comparison to other manufacturers, Galochrom’s custom packing technology produces very stable and uniform bed with intact silica particles. As a result, our columns:<ul><li>Enhance productivity and resolution</li><li>Provide accurate and consistent performance</li><li>Generate significantly higher plate counts</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Galochrom_Chiral_ION_QN_and_Chiral_ION_QD_HPLC_columns_High_Quality_Silica_522d14ecf7.jpg" alt="Galochrom: Chiral ION-QN &amp; Chiral ION-QD HPLC columns - High-Quality Silica." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Galochrom_Chiral_ION_QN_and_Chiral_ION_QD_HPLC_columns_High_Quality_Silica_522d14ecf7.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="617" height="386"><h4>Elution Order</h4>Chiral ION-QN and Chiral ION-QD represent a pair of columns that enable the reversal of elution order of enantiomers. Now you can position your desired enantiomer first and easily achieve 100% purity at higher pace.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Galochrom_Chiral_ION_QN_and_Chiral_ION_QD_HPLC_columns_Elution_Order_85c5b02411.jpg" alt="Galochrom: Chiral ION-QN &amp; Chiral ION-QD HPLC columns - Elution Order." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Galochrom_Chiral_ION_QN_and_Chiral_ION_QD_HPLC_columns_Elution_Order_85c5b02411.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="953" height="545">The elution order was investigated with other QN/QD derivatives using enantiomeric pairs of Leucine derivatives. The conclusions for the first eluent are following:<ul><li>Chiral ION-QN ⇒ L-Enantiomer</li><li>Chiral ION-QD ⇒ D-Enantiomer</li></ul>

Products from category HPLC columns - page 19

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