<div><p><strong>Purifying the target protein is crucial for investigating its specific properties and interactions with biomolecules like DNA, RNA, and other proteins. A range of purification strategies is available, and the optimal approach depends on factors such as the required scale, throughput, and downstream application. In many cases, the process must be fine-tuned through empirical optimization to achieve the desired purity and yield.</strong></p></div><div><div><div><div><h3><strong>What is Protein Purification?</strong></h3><p>Protein purification is a critical process in biotechnology and life sciences, aimed at isolating a specific protein from complex biological mixtures such as cell lysates or tissue extracts. The goal is to obtain a highly purified protein sample, free from contaminants like other proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, to enable accurate analysis of its structure, function, and interactions.</p><p>This process is especially vital in biotechnological areas inside immunology and microbiology. In <strong>immunology</strong>, it underpins the production of vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, and diagnostic assays by enabling the isolation of key immune proteins and antibodies. It also supports the investigation of cell signaling and immune response mechanisms. In <strong>microbiology</strong>, purified proteins are essential for studying pathogens, identifying disease-related antigens, and driving drug discovery efforts. Ultimately, protein purification is fundamental to the development of targeted vaccines, innovative diagnostics, and effective therapeutic strategies.</p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><h3><strong>Types of Protein Purification Methods</strong></h3></div></div></div></div><div><p>There are several types of protein purification methods, each chosen based on the protein’s characteristics such as size, charge, solubility, and binding affinity. Below are some commonly used methods:</p></div><div><div><div><div><h4><strong>Non-Chromatographic Approaches</strong></h4></div></div><div><p>Non-chromatographic approaches use simpler physicochemical principles—such as solubility, molecular size, or diffusional properties—to separate and purify proteins. These techniques are often employed as initial purification or concentration steps before further refinement.</p><h5><strong>Precipitation Techniques</strong></h5><p>Protein precipitation is a widely used approach in purification workflows, typically relying on one of three main methods:</p><ul><li><strong>Organic solvent precipitation</strong> involves adding solvents like ethanol or acetone to lower the solution's dielectric constant. This promotes protein–protein interactions, reducing solubility and leading to aggregation and precipitation.</li><li><strong>Isoelectric point precipitation </strong>exploits the pH at which a protein carries no net charge. At this point, solubility is minimized, causing the protein to precipitate from solution.</li><li><strong>Nonionic polymer precipitation</strong> uses polymers such as dextran, polyethylene glycol (PEG), or NPEP to alter the solution’s physical properties. These agents create crowding effects that promote protein aggregation without directly binding to the proteins.</li></ul><h5><strong>Dialysis</strong></h5><p>Dialysis involves placing a protein solution inside a semi-permeable membrane that allows water and ions to pass while the protein remains inside, facilitating buffer exchange.This method is commonly used during protein expression and purification workflows for buffer exchange, desalting, and removal of unwanted small molecules such as imidazole, urea, or ammonium sulfate. The process helps maintain protein stability and activity by gradually equilibrating the sample with the desired buffer conditions.</p><h5><strong>Immunocapture (Magnetic Bead-Based Purification</strong></h5><p>Immunocapture uses antibodies immobilized on solid supports like magnetic beads to selectively bind and isolate a target protein. This method is highly specific and particularly useful for low-abundance targets or small-scale prep, such as:</p><ul><li>Pulling down proteins from complex mixtures</li><li>Capturing tagged recombinant proteins (e.g., FLAG, HA, or His tags)</li><li>Enrichment before western blotting, MS, or ELISA</li></ul><p>Magnetic beads offer speed, ease of use, and minimal sample loss, making them ideal for lab-scale workflows.</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/products/biozenspe-sample-preparation-products/biozen-magbeads">Biozen MagBeads</a> provide a fast and efficient method for purifying, isolating, and cleaning up monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), proteins, and peptides. These paramagnetic beads feature a streptavidin-coated surface, enabling high-affinity binding in immuno-based workflows. Compared to traditional sample preparation techniques, magnetic bead-based immunocapture offers greater speed and consistency by delivering high binding capacity with uniform particle size, ensuring accurate and reproducible results in significantly less time.</p><h5><strong>Centrifugation</strong></h5><p>Centrifugation of crude protein mixtures is an essential step in the investigation of protein purification and aggregation. Outlined below are the various types of centrifugations employed in protein purification.</p><p><strong>Preparative Ultracentrifugation</strong><br>Ultracentrifugation is an effective method of purifying proteins from aggregates based on their size, shape and density. Centrifugation, widely recognized as a robust and versatile method, is commonly used to separate complex mixtures of cellular components. Ultracentrifuges separate small particles by spinning at high speeds, utilizing centrifugal force based on size and density.</p><p><strong>Differential Centrifugation</strong><br>Differential centrifugation operates by separating components based on differences in size and density, using varying speeds of centrifugation to achieve this. Its resolving power ranges from low to medium. A key advantage of this technique is its convenience for processing multiple samples simultaneously, making it effective for purifying crude samples. Additionally, it preserves cell viability and maintains the natural distribution of hematopoietic cell populations.</p><p><strong>Rate-zonal Gradient Centrifugation</strong><br>This technique separates components based on their sedimentation rate within a medium that contains a density gradient. It offers medium resolving power and is particularly effective for separating multiple components in complex mixtures with high precision. It is also considered a cost-effective and widely used technique in molecular biology and biochemistry.</p><p><strong>Isopycnic Centrifugation (Equilibrium Centrifugation)</strong><br>Isopycnic centrifugation is an advanced protein purification method that relies on the principle of separating particles according to their intrinsic buoyant density, irrespective of their size or morphology. During the process, proteins migrate through a density gradient until they equilibrate at a position where their density matches that of the surrounding medium, resulting in precise separation without further sedimentation.</p></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><h4><strong>Chromatographic Approaches</strong></h4><p>Chromatography is a common method of protein purification and is based on the separation of molecules in a mixture as they move through a stationary phase and a mobile phase. Outlined below are the various types of chromatography employed in protein purification.</p><h5><strong>Ion Exchange Chromatography</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/techniques/hplc-ion-exchange">Ion exchange chromatography</a> relies on the interaction between a charged stationary phase and oppositely charged analytes, with cation exchange chromatography attracting positively charged molecules to a negatively charged stationary phase. Successful application of this technique requires careful selection of the appropriate ion exchange column, buffer pH, and salt concentration. This approach is often used in the biopharmaceutical industries as mAb polishing steps, viral clearance and charge variant analyses as part of the product quality control.</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/">Phenomenex</a> offers a range of protein purification columns. Their ion exchange chromatography solutions include:&nbsp;</p><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1526"><strong>Luna SCX </strong></a>for strong selectivity of positively charged compounds, such as peptides</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1540"><strong>Biozen WCX</strong></a> for efficient separation of proteins such as monoclonal antibodies charged variants</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/part/00g-3151-e0">PhenoSphere SAX</a>, a strong anion-exchanger with fully porous 80Å particles, particularly useful for small molecules such as nucleotides</li></ul><h5><strong>Size Exclusion Chromatography</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/techniques/hplc-sec">Size exclusion chromatography (SEC)</a> separates molecules based on their size, with larger analytes eluting first due to their exclusion from the pores in the column packing material, while smaller molecules are able to enter the pores, facing a longer travelling path, and hence, eluting later. This method can be categorized into aqueous SEC (gel filtration chromatography, GFC) for analyzing biomolecules such as proteins and antibodies. This type of chromatography is widely used as an analytical tool for quality control in the biopharmaceutical industry and can also be an approach of choice for polishing steps.</p><p>Phenomenex offers a range of <strong>Biozen columns for SEC</strong> separations. In the case of mAbs, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1534"><strong>Biozen dSEC-2</strong></a> and<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1537"><strong> Biozen dSEC-7 </strong></a>columns are the top choices for monoclonal antibody (mAb) analysis, delivering high-resolution separation of monomers, aggregates, and fragments formed during mAb manufacturing, processing, or storage. The dSEC-7 column, featuring a larger pore size and optimized particle design, extends the dynamic range to accommodate larger biomolecules and complex biotherapeutics.</p><p>For more general applications, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1533"><strong>Biozen SEC-2</strong></a><strong> </strong>and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1532"><strong>Biozen SEC-3</strong></a> phases cover different MW ranges for high-efficiency separation of biomolecules (e.g., proteins and antibodies). Additionally, the BioSep and Yarra lines become top choices when looking for preparative scale columns.</p><h5><strong>Reversed-Phase Chromatography</strong></h5><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/techniques/hplc-reversed-phase">Reversed-phase chromatography</a>, the most common mode in high-performance liquid chromatography/ ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/UHPLC), separates compounds based on hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions using alkyl (C18, C8, C4) stationary phases or other hydrophobic polymers. For large biomolecules such as proteins and peptides, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/resources/blog/wider-pore-biozen-column">wide-pore</a> (typically 300 Å) C4, C8 and C18 columns are ideal, as the larger pore size allows better accessibility of the protein molecules to the stationary phase surface, improving mass transfer and peak shape during separation.</p><p>The Biozen line from Phenomenex offers a wide range of HPLC/UHPLC columns for the analysis of biomolecules.These include phases optimized for high-resolution analysis of intact proteins (Native-RP, Widepore C4, Intact XB-C8) and peptides (Peptide PS-C18, Peptide XB-C18 and Peptide Polar-C18). Kinetex could also be an option when looking for more selectivities for the analysis of peptides and small proteins. Additionally, when aiming to preparative scale processes, several of these media are also available in Phenomenex Axia formats to easily up-scale your separations.</p><h5><strong>Hydroxyapatite Chromatography</strong></h5><p>Hydroxyapatite chromatography (HAC) is a sophisticated mixed-mode chromatographic technique that exploits the unique properties of hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), utilizing both cation-exchange interactions via its phosphate groups and metal affinity through its calcium sites to achieve highly selective protein separations.</p><p>Renowned for its efficacy in resolving complex biomolecular separations, HAC excels in tasks like aggregate removal from monoclonal antibodies, surpassing the capabilities of traditional single-mode chromatographic methods such as ion-exchange or hydrophobic interaction chromatography.</p><h5><strong>Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography</strong></h5><p>Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is a method of protein purification that separates molecules based on their hydrophobicity, using high-salt buffers to promote protein-ligand interactions while maintaining the protein's biological activity. The process involves gradually reducing the salt concentration to elute proteins in order to increase hydrophobicity, making it effective for purifying target molecules and removing impurities or aggregates, making it a valuable approach for intermediate and polishing steps during purification processes.</p><h5><strong>Affinity Chromatography</strong></h5><p>Affinity chromatography is a powerful and highly selective technique used to purify biomolecules based on specific, reversible interactions between a target molecule and an immobilized ligand. In many cases, recombinant proteins are engineered with affinity tags—such as His-tags or GST-tags—that facilitate binding to complementary ligands on the chromatography matrix.</p><p>This method offers the advantage of achieving several thousand-fold purifications in a single step while preserving the biological activity of the protein. It is widely employed for purifying enzymes, antibodies, and antigens, using a variety of ligands including specific antibodies, enzymes, and multifunctional compounds like concanavalin A and triazine dyes.</p></div></div></div></div>

Exploring Protein Purification Methods: Essential Techniques for Accurate Results

<h3><span><strong>A Practical Guide to Getting the Most from Syringe Filters: Tips, Tricks, and Common Pitfalls</strong></span></h3><p><span><strong>Syringe filters play a crucial role in chromatography and many other laboratory applications by removing particulate matter before analysis. Proper sample filtration helps protect analytical instruments, extends column lifetime, and improves data quality. However, selecting an unsuitable filter—or using one incorrectly—can introduce contamination, reduce filtration efficiency, or even compromise analytical results. The following recommendations will help you avoid common mistakes and ensure reliable filtration every time.</strong></span></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Avoiding_Common_Syringe_Filter_Mistakes_3_150e8c1c2b.webp" alt="KNAUER: Avoiding Common Syringe Filter Mistakes" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Avoiding_Common_Syringe_Filter_Mistakes_3_150e8c1c2b.webp 133w," sizes="100vw" width="1276" height="1496"></p><h4><span><strong>1. Improper Filter Handling</strong></span></h4><p><span>Using excessive force during filtration or attempting to reuse disposable syringe filters can damage the membrane and increase the risk of sample contamination.</span></p><ul><li><span><strong>Solution:</strong> Apply slow, even pressure throughout the filtration process and always dispose of single-use filters after one use. If the flow rate decreases noticeably, replace the filter instead of applying additional force.</span></li></ul><h4><span><strong>2. Selecting an Inappropriate Pore Size</strong></span></h4><p><span>Using the wrong pore size may either fail to remove unwanted particles or cause the membrane to clog prematurely, reducing filtration efficiency.</span></p><ul><li><span><strong>Solution:</strong> A 0.45 µm membrane is generally suitable for routine particulate removal, while a 0.22 µm membrane is recommended for finer filtration and bacterial removal. Samples with higher viscosity may require a pre-filter to prevent rapid clogging. It is also important to consider the intended analytical technique. For example, 0.22 µm filters are typically preferred for UHPLC and LC-MS applications, whereas 0.45 µm filters are often sufficient for conventional HPLC analyses.</span></li></ul><h4><span><strong>3. Choosing the Wrong Membrane Material</strong></span></h4><p><span>Different membrane materials exhibit different chemical resistance. Using an incompatible membrane may lead to degradation of the filter, sample contamination, or complete filtration failure.</span></p><ul><li><span><strong>Solution:</strong> Always verify solvent compatibility before filtration. PTFE membranes are an excellent choice for organic solvents, while PES and nylon membranes are better suited to aqueous samples. If compatibility is uncertain, perform a small-scale trial before filtering valuable samples.</span></li><li><span><strong>Pro Tip:</strong> For additional guidance, see our blog article <strong>"How to Choose the Right Membrane for your Syringe Filter"</strong>, which provides a detailed comparison of membrane materials and their recommended applications.</span></li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Avoiding_Common_Syringe_Filter_Mistakes_2_e47021fb11.jpg" alt="KNAUER Sepapure® Syringe Filters are available with multiple membrane materials, each identified by a dedicated color code for quick and reliable selection." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Avoiding_Common_Syringe_Filter_Mistakes_2_e47021fb11.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1580" height="902"></p><h4><span><strong>4. Ignoring Filter Capacity</strong></span></h4><p><span>Using a filter with insufficient capacity can result in rapid membrane blockage, increasing filtration time and reducing laboratory productivity.</span></p><ul><li><span><strong>Solution:</strong> When filtering larger sample volumes, choose high-capacity syringe filters or introduce a pre-filtration step. Never force liquid through a clogged membrane, as doing so may damage the filter and negatively affect sample quality.</span></li></ul><h4><span><strong>5. Overlooking Sample Adsorption</strong></span></h4><p><span>Certain membrane materials may adsorb analytes of interest, leading to lower recoveries and potentially affecting quantitative results.</span></p><ul><li><span><strong>Solution:</strong> For protein samples or other adsorption-sensitive analytes, select membranes with low binding characteristics, such as nylon or glass fiber, whenever appropriate. Performing a small recovery test before routine analysis can help identify potential analyte losses.</span></li></ul><h4><span><strong>6. Failing to Optimize Filtration Performance</strong></span></h4><p><span>Slow filtration is more than just an inconvenience—it often indicates that the filtration conditions are not optimal.</span></p><ul><li><span><strong>Solution:</strong> If filtration becomes unusually slow, investigate possible causes such as membrane clogging, excessive sample viscosity, or an unnecessarily small pore size. Depending on the sample, dilution or sequential filtration using progressively finer filters may significantly improve performance.</span></li></ul><h4><span><strong>Final Thoughts</strong></span></h4><p><span>Selecting the appropriate syringe filter is a straightforward process, but overlooking small details can have a significant impact on analytical performance. Choosing the correct membrane material, pore size, and filtration strategy helps improve laboratory efficiency, protects chromatography systems and columns, and contributes to accurate, reproducible analytical results.</span></p><p><span>With the right syringe filter and proper filtration technique, you can minimize sample preparation problems and maximize confidence in every analysis.</span></p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Avoiding_Common_Syringe_Filter_Mistakes_4_983a15e289.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Sepapure® Syringe Filter Selection" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Avoiding_Common_Syringe_Filter_Mistakes_4_983a15e289.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1160" height="627"></p><p><span><strong>Happy filtering!</strong></span></p>

Avoiding Common Syringe Filter Mistakes

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 27, 2026

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Everything from the world of analytical chemistry in one place. We connect people in solving their problems. At Labrulez you will find all the necessary information easily, quickly and clearly. Stop searching and start finding.

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Phenomenex is a global technology leader committed to developing novel analytical chemistry solutions that solve the separation and purification challenges of researchers in industrial, government and academic laboratories.

Phenomenex

Based in Berlin, KNAUER is a medium-sized, owner-managed company that has been serving the sciences since 1962. We develop and manufacture scientific instruments of superior quality for liquid chromatography, including: Analytical HPLC/UHPLC, Preparative HPLC, Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), Multi-column chromatography/Simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography. High pressure dosing, in-line detection systems, and osmometry are additional business areas.

KNAUER

KNAUER Eurosil Bioselect 300 C18 HPLC Columns (USP L1)

Eurosil Bioselect C18 has been specifically developed for the determination and purification of peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides up to a molecular weigth of approximately 5 kDa.

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>Analytical wide pore phase for the determination of biomolecules bigger than 2000 Da​</strong></p><p><strong>Eurosil Bioselect C18 </strong>has been specifically developed for the <strong>determination</strong> and <strong>purification</strong> of <strong>peptides</strong>, <strong>proteins</strong>, and <strong>oligonucleotides</strong> up to a molecular weigth of approximately <strong>5 kDa</strong>.</p><h5><strong>Properties</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Ultra pure, spherical wide pore HPLC </strong>phase based on silica gel</li><li>Unpolar, monomeric C18 (Octadecyl) modification, endcapped</li><li><strong>7.5 % carbon content </strong>(conventional endcapping)</li><li><strong>Separation mechanism: </strong>hydrophobic interaction</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_C18_Endcapped_standard_edd2523aca.webp" alt="KNAUER: C18 Endcapped standard" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_C18_Endcapped_standard_edd2523aca.webp 234w," sizes="100vw" width="688" height="458"></p><h5><strong>Recommended application areas</strong></h5><ul><li>Hydrophilic biomolecules, peptides, peptide mapping after enzymatic digestion</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_Phases_98acc32d0e.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurosil Bioselect - Phases and recommended sizes of molecules" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_Phases_98acc32d0e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1385" height="778"></p><blockquote><p><strong>Tip: </strong>Caused by the larger pore size of 300 Å, Eurosil Bioselect phases are not as mechanical stable as classical silica gel phases with up to 150 Å and should not be used above 200 bar pressure.</p></blockquote><h3><strong>KNAUER Wide pore HPLC columns</strong></h3><p><strong>For enhanced resolution, capacity and recovery of proteins and other biomolecules</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Material: </strong>Silica or polymer particles</li><li><strong>Separation Ranges</strong>: 2–100 kDa</li><li><strong>Column Brands</strong>: Eurosil Bioselect or AppliChrom®</li><li><strong>Particle sizes:</strong> 3–10 µm</li><li><strong>Pore Sizes: </strong>300 or 100–1000 Å</li><li><strong>Specific surface: </strong>90 ± 5 m2/g</li><li><strong>Pore volume:</strong> 0.8 ml/g</li><li><strong>Density:</strong> 450 g/l</li><li><strong>Applications:</strong> Peptides exceeding approximately 50 amino acids and oligonucleotides greater than 25 residues</li><li><strong>Customize: </strong>Bioanalysis requires a lot of flexibility in the pore size, the pH range, the temperatures and the solvents used. To achieve this, we cross phase limits.</li></ul><h4><strong>Characteristics&nbsp;</strong></h4><ul><li>Eurosil Bioselect columns are available in 4 modifications, useful for a wide range of separation tasks involving large molecules up to 100 000 Da.</li><li>Strict manufacturing procedures ensure a very narrow pore size distribution.</li><li>Interfering anions or heavy metal ions on the silica surface are not present in Eurosil Bioselect columns because only ultra pure silica gel and high quality chemical modifications are employed.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_85cfc2d201.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurosil Bioselect" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_85cfc2d201.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="1114" height="782"></p><h4><strong>Separation mechanism of Eurosil Bioselect</strong></h4><p>To separate larger molecules, they need to freely access the interior of the pores of the packing material. Therefore, the analytes’ diameter must be smaller than the average pore diameter.&nbsp;</p><p>For higher molecular weight solutes, the use of lower pore size materials (60-120 Å) as typically used for the analysis of small molecules may result restricted diffusion in the material´s pores and therewith reduced column efficiency.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Modifications</strong></h4><p>The recommended modification of Eurosil Bioselect depends on the molecular weight of the analytes.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_chemical_modifications_1fd5d87f7b.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurosil Bioselect - chemical modifications" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_chemical_modifications_1fd5d87f7b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="955" height="505"><br>&nbsp;</p>

KNAUER Eurosil Bioselect 300 C18A HPLC Columns (USP L1)

Eurosil Bioselect C18A has been specifically developed for the determination and purification of peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides up to a molecular weigth of approximately 5 kDa.

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>Analytical wide pore phase for the determination of biomolecules up to 5000 Da​</strong></p><p><strong>Eurosil Bioselect C18A </strong>has been specifically developed for the <strong>determination</strong> and <strong>purification</strong> of <strong>peptides</strong>, <strong>proteins</strong>, and <strong>oligonucleotides</strong> up to a molecular weigth of approximately <strong>5 kDa</strong>.</p><h5><strong>Properties</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Ultra pure, spherical wide pore HPLC </strong>phase based on silica gel</li><li>Unpolar, monomeric C18 (Octadecyl) modification, endcapped</li><li><strong>7 % carbon content </strong>(hydrophilic endcapping)</li><li><strong>Separation mechanism: </strong>hydrophobic interaction</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_C18_A_6f4b0c3063.webp" alt="KNAUER: C18A" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_C18_A_6f4b0c3063.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="690" height="428"></p><h5><strong>Recommended application areas</strong></h5><ul><li>Hydrophilic and polar biomolecules, peptides, very polar biomolecules separated with 100 % aqueous eluents</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_Phases_98acc32d0e.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurosil Bioselect - Phases and recommended sizes of molecules" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_Phases_98acc32d0e.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1385" height="778"></p><h3><strong>KNAUER Wide pore HPLC columns</strong></h3><p><strong>For enhanced resolution, capacity and recovery of proteins and other biomolecules</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Material: </strong>Silica or polymer particles</li><li><strong>Separation Ranges</strong>: 2–100 kDa</li><li><strong>Column Brands</strong>: Eurosil Bioselect or AppliChrom®</li><li><strong>Particle sizes:</strong> 3–10 µm</li><li><strong>Pore Sizes: </strong>300 or 100–1000 Å</li><li><strong>Specific surface: </strong>90 ± 5 m2/g</li><li><strong>Pore volume:</strong> 0.8 ml/g</li><li><strong>Density:</strong> 450 g/l</li><li><strong>Applications:</strong> Peptides exceeding approximately 50 amino acids and oligonucleotides greater than 25 residues</li><li><strong>Customize: </strong>Bioanalysis requires a lot of flexibility in the pore size, the pH range, the temperatures and the solvents used. To achieve this, we cross phase limits.</li></ul><h4><strong>Characteristics&nbsp;</strong></h4><ul><li>Eurosil Bioselect columns are available in 4 modifications, useful for a wide range of separation tasks involving large molecules up to 100 000 Da.</li><li>Strict manufacturing procedures ensure a very narrow pore size distribution.</li><li>Interfering anions or heavy metal ions on the silica surface are not present in Eurosil Bioselect columns because only ultra pure silica gel and high quality chemical modifications are employed.</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_85cfc2d201.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurosil Bioselect" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_85cfc2d201.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="1114" height="782"></p><h4><strong>Separation mechanism of Eurosil Bioselect</strong></h4><p>To separate larger molecules, they need to freely access the interior of the pores of the packing material. Therefore, the analytes’ diameter must be smaller than the average pore diameter.&nbsp;</p><p>For higher molecular weight solutes, the use of lower pore size materials (60-120 Å) as typically used for the analysis of small molecules may result restricted diffusion in the material´s pores and therewith reduced column efficiency.&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Modifications</strong></h4><p>The recommended modification of Eurosil Bioselect depends on the molecular weight of the analytes.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_chemical_modifications_1fd5d87f7b.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Eurosil Bioselect - chemical modifications" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Eurosil_Bioselect_chemical_modifications_1fd5d87f7b.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="955" height="505"><br>&nbsp;</p>

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA SuperOH-P Columns for GPC/SEC

Optimally suited for aqueous SEC separations. Aqueous and highly hydrophilic polymeric base material.

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>AppliChrom® SEC columns for biopolymers and aqueous polymers</strong></p><p>Optimally suited for aqueous SEC separations. Aqueous and highly hydrophilic polymeric base material. Polymethacrylate resin, cross-linked with polyhydroxylated ether (surface contains some residual carboxyl functional groups)</p><h4><strong>Properties:</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Particle size: </strong>7 µm for pore sizes up to 300 Å and 10 µm for pore sizes over 350 Å and the multipore columns</li><li><strong>Stable between:</strong> pH 2–12.5</li><li><strong>Pressure stable: </strong>for 30–70 bar depending on pore size</li><li><strong>Temperature stability:</strong> between 10–85 °C</li><li><strong>Flow rate:</strong> maximum 1 ml/min</li><li>Low column bleed for low detector noise</li><li>Large pore volume for optimal resolution</li><li>Individual pore sizes for individual molecular weight ranges</li><li>Multi-pore technology for a wide range of molecular sizes</li><li>Increased lifetime of SEC columns through combination of proprietary particle and packing technology</li><li><strong>Recommended eluents:</strong> H₂O, buffers</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_Super_OH_P_Pore_sizes_4cb72c682d.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA SuperOH-P - Pore sizes" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_Super_OH_P_Pore_sizes_4cb72c682d.jpg 216w," sizes="100vw" width="1478" height="1071"></p><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><p><strong>Water soluble (bio)polymers up to 40 000 kDa:</strong></p><ul><li>proteins, oligonucleotides, virus, heparin, polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyethylene glycol (PEG), pullulan, maltodextrin, inulin, pectine, polycarboxylate ethers, gelatine, dextranes, polyacrylamide (PAM), PEGylated proteins acrylate dispersions</li></ul><h3><strong>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</strong></h3><p><strong>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratories</strong></p><p>Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.</p><p>Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a <strong>wide range of pore sizes</strong> (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and <strong>several particle sizes</strong> (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"></p><h3><strong>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</strong></h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO,<br>PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li><strong>Seperation Ranges: </strong>100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4><strong>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</strong></h4><p>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718"></p>

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA RPpetide GPC Columns for RP

AppliChrom® Polymer based reversed phase (RP) columns to reversed phase (RP) separation with orthogonal selectivity to silica based columns.

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>AppliChrom® Polymer based reversed phase (RP) columns</strong></p><h4><strong>Properties:</strong></h4><ul><li>Rigid, spherical styrenedivinylbenzene copolymer&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Particle sizes between:</strong> 3 to 30 μm</li><li><strong>Pore sizes of: </strong>100–1 000 Å</li><li>Reversed Phase (RP) separation with orthogonal selectivity to silica based columns</li><li>Improved chemical stability</li><li><strong>Stable between:</strong> pH 1.5–14</li><li><strong>Temperature stability: </strong>10–90 °C</li><li><strong>Stable towards pressures:</strong> up to 150 bar</li><li>Low backpressure with high plate counts, ideal for preparative applications</li><li>Low column bleed for low detector noise</li><li>Up and down scaling ensured beteween analytical RP-HPLC and preparative process chromatography</li><li><strong>Recommended eluents:</strong> &nbsp;H₂O/ACN or H₂O/MeOH with up to 1 % TFA, FA or NaOH additive</li></ul><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><ul><li>Polar peptides, proteins or vitamins, hydrophobic amines</li></ul><h3><strong>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</strong></h3><p><strong>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratories</strong></p><p>Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.</p><p>Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a <strong>wide range of pore sizes</strong> (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and <strong>several particle sizes</strong> (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"></p><h3><strong>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</strong></h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO,<br>PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li><strong>Seperation Ranges: </strong>100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4><strong>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</strong></h4><p>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718"></p>

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA VivoSep SEC Columns

AppliChrom® SEC columns for water soluble (bio)polymers are multi hydrophilic layered SEC media for highest efficiency and low interaction.

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>AppliChrom® SEC columns for water soluble (bio)polymers</strong></p><h4><strong>Properties:</strong></h4><ul><li>Multi hydrophilic layered SEC media for highest efficiency and low interaction</li><li><strong>Available seperation ranges:</strong> from small molecules up to 5 500 kDa</li><li><strong>Temperature stability: </strong>10-90 °C</li><li><strong>Stable between: </strong>pH 2–10</li><li><strong>Pressure stability:</strong> up to 200 bar</li><li>Simple adaptation from HPLC to SEC with stainless steel instruments</li><li>Versatile tool for accurate protein molecular weight or size determination</li><li>Low column bleed for low detector noise</li><li>Increased lifetime of SEC columns through combination of proprietary particle and packing technology</li><li><strong>Recommended eluents:</strong> H₂O, buffers</li></ul><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><ul><li>Water soluble proteins, humic substances</li></ul><h3><strong>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</strong></h3><p><strong>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratories</strong></p><p>Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.</p><p>Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a <strong>wide range of pore sizes</strong> (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and <strong>several particle sizes</strong> (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"></p><h3><strong>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</strong></h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO,<br>PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li><strong>Seperation Ranges: </strong>100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4><strong>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</strong></h4><p>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718"></p>

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil SEC Columns

Interaction-free pure GPC & SEC base material with focus on polycationic, polyelectrolytic or funktional amine analytes

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>AppliChrom® SEC columns for neutral, anionic and additional cationic polymers</strong></p><h4><strong>Properties:</strong></h4><ul><li>Interaction-free pure GPC &amp; SEC base material with focus on polycationic, polyelectrolytic or funktional amine analytes</li><li>No salt addition is needed to surpress surface adsorption</li><li>No ion exclusion phenomena</li><li>Possible to be used in universal calibration &amp; accurate molecular weight determination even for small polycationic molecules</li><li><strong>Temperature stability between:</strong> 10–90 °C</li><li><strong>Stable with:</strong> pH 2–10</li><li><strong>Simple, reliable and robust GPC &amp; SEC calibration</strong> from dextrans, pullulans et al.</li><li><strong>Low column bleed </strong>for low detector gain for improved refractive index, light scattering or viscosity detection</li><li><strong>Large volume</strong> and optimized mass transfer for polymers with optimized resolution</li><li><strong>Low cost due to long column lifetime</strong> - result of the combination of optimized particle and packing technology</li><li><strong>Recommended eluents:</strong> H₂O, buffers</li></ul><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><p><strong>Water soluble analytes like:</strong></p><ul><li>polycations, polyamines (chitosanes), polyethylenoxides, polysaccharides, polyanions (heparins, pectins), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyethylene glycol (PEG), Ppolyethyleneimins (PEI), polyvinylimidazole</li></ul><h3><strong>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</strong></h3><p><strong>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratories</strong></p><p>Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.</p><p>Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a <strong>wide range of pore sizes</strong> (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and <strong>several particle sizes</strong> (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"></p><h3><strong>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</strong></h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO,<br>PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li><strong>Seperation Ranges: </strong>100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4><strong>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</strong></h4><p>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718"></p>

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe GPC Columns

Organic polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer base material with high porosity for high resolution

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>AppliChrom® GPC columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules with THF, toluene, chloroform</strong></p><h4><strong>Properties:</strong></h4><ul><li>Organic polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer base material with high porosity for high resolution</li><li><strong>High pressure stability: </strong>up to 150 bar</li><li><strong>Temperature stable:</strong> between 10-145 °C</li><li><strong>GPC range:</strong> from 0.1 up to 50 000 kDa</li><li><strong>Low column bleed</strong> for low detector noise</li><li><strong>High purity</strong> to eliminate adsorptive effects and combine pure GPC with long lifetime</li><li><strong>Large calibration ranges</strong> for several decades due to the unique process of BPT technology</li><li>Range of individual porosities that can be used individually or in combination</li><li><strong>Optimized for: </strong>1 ml/min flow rate for 8 mm ID columns</li><li><strong>High level of reproducibility</strong> and peak precision due to the advanced packing procedure</li><li><strong>Recommended eluents:</strong> THF, Toluene, CHCl₃, dichlorbenzene, hexane/EtOAc (10:90, V:V)</li></ul><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_Sty_Di_Vi_Be_P_Molecular_sizes_range_ca9a682d2e.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe-P - Molecular sizes range" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_Sty_Di_Vi_Be_P_Molecular_sizes_range_ca9a682d2e.jpg 235w," sizes="100vw" width="1072" height="712"></p><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><p><strong>Hydrophobic oligomers or polymers like:</strong></p><ul><li>PVC, PMMA, polystyrene, epoxy resins, polyesters, bisphenol A resins</li></ul><h3><strong>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</strong></h3><p><strong>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratories</strong></p><p>Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.</p><p>Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a <strong>wide range of pore sizes</strong> (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and <strong>several particle sizes</strong> (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"></p><h3><strong>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</strong></h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO,<br>PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li><strong>Seperation Ranges: </strong>100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4><strong>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</strong></h4><p>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718"></p>

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil GPC Columns

Organic polymer base material with high porosity for high resolution

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>AppliChrom® GPC columns for organic GPC analyses in DMAc or DMF</strong></p><h4><strong>Properties:</strong></h4><ul><li>Organic polymer base material with high porosity for high resolution</li><li>Wide range of porosities and particle sizes</li><li><strong>Pressure stability:</strong> up to 150 bar</li><li><strong>Stable between: </strong>35-145 °C</li><li><strong>Excellent reproducibility</strong> and resolution due to the advanced packing procedure</li><li><strong>High purity</strong> to eliminate adsorptive effects and combine pure GPC with long lifetime</li><li><strong>GPC range from:</strong> 100-1 000 000 Da</li><li><strong>Optimal for: </strong>0.5 ml/min flow rates with 8 mm ID colums</li><li><strong>Recommended eluents: </strong>DMAc, DMF, NMP, LiBr additive</li></ul><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><p><strong>Slightly polar analytes like:</strong></p><ul><li>PMMA, polyacryl nitril (PAN), acrylnitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), cellulose, and all DMF and DMAc soluble polymers</li></ul><h3><strong>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</strong></h3><p><strong>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratories</strong></p><p>Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.</p><p>Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a <strong>wide range of pore sizes</strong> (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and <strong>several particle sizes</strong> (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"></p><h3><strong>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</strong></h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO,<br>PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li><strong>Seperation Ranges: </strong>100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4><strong>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</strong></h4><p>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718"></p>

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil GPC Columns

AppliChrom® DMSO-PHIL optimized for DMSO-GPC applications from an interaction-free pure GPC base material

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>AppliChrom® DMSO-PHIL optimized for DMSO-GPC applications</strong></p><h4><strong>Properties:</strong></h4><ul><li>Interaction-free pure GPC base material</li><li><strong>Temperature stabel between:</strong> 40-90 °C (145 °C) depending on application</li><li><strong>Simple, reliable and robust </strong>GPC &amp; SEC calibration from dextrans, pullulans et al.</li><li><strong>Low column bleed</strong> for low detector gain for improved refractive index, light scattering or viscosity detection</li><li><strong>12 µm particle technology</strong> for low back pressure</li><li>Tolerates traces of water and NaNO₃ additve</li><li><strong>Large volume and optimized mass transfer</strong> for polymers with optimized resolution</li><li><strong>Low cost due to long column lifetime</strong> - result of the combination of optimized particle and packing technology</li><li><strong>Recommended eluents:</strong> DMSO, 0.075 M NaNO₃</li></ul><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><p><strong>Polar, not water soluble oligomers or polymers like:</strong></p><ul><li>polysaccharides, lignin, amylose, starch, humic acids, polyvenyl pyridin, PNIPA, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), melamin-urea-formaldehyd resin (MUF) or urea-formaldehyd resin (UF)</li></ul><h3><strong>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</strong></h3><p><strong>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratories</strong></p><p>Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.</p><p>Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a <strong>wide range of pore sizes</strong> (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and <strong>several particle sizes</strong> (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"></p><h3><strong>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</strong></h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO,<br>PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li><strong>Seperation Ranges: </strong>100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4><strong>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</strong></h4><p>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718"></p>

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA HFIP-Phil GPC Columns

AppliChrom® GPC columns for separations in HFIP with broad pore technology for GPC for analytes with challenging solution behavior

<p class="cke-user_style-important"><strong>AppliChrom® GPC columns for separations in HFIP</strong></p><h4><strong>Properties:</strong></h4><ul><li>Broad pore technology for GPC for analytes with challenging solution behavior</li><li><strong>Separation range beween:</strong> 0.1–50 000 kDa</li><li>Range of individual porosities that can be used individually or in combination</li><li><strong>Temperature stable between:</strong> 35–145 °C</li><li><strong>Long column lifetime</strong> - result of the combination of optimized particle and packing technology</li><li><strong>Low column bleed</strong> for low detector noise</li><li><strong>Excellent reproducibility and resolution</strong> due to the advanced packing procedure</li><li><strong>Calibration standard:</strong> PMMA or PEO &nbsp;</li><li><strong>Recommended eluents</strong>: Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), 0.1 % KTFa as modifier</li></ul><h4><strong>Applications</strong></h4><p><strong>Crystalline highperformance polymers like:&nbsp;</strong></p><ul><li>polyamides (PA), polyethylen terepthalate (PET), polybutylen terepthalate (PBT), polylactic acid (PLA), polyamid 6 (PA6), polycaprolactam, paraformaldehyde, polyoxymethylene (POM), polyacetal, several polyoxazolines</li></ul><h3><strong>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</strong></h3><p><strong>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratories</strong></p><p>Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.</p><p>Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a <strong>wide range of pore sizes</strong> (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and <strong>several particle sizes</strong> (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"></p><h3><strong>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</strong></h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO,<br>PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li><strong>Seperation Ranges: </strong>100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4><strong>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</strong></h4><p>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718"></p>

Products focused on LC columns - page 20

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