EU Regulation 396/2005: Pesticide Residue Testing and the Critical Role of QuEChERS Evaporation in Food Safety

<div><div>Researchers led by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://kudova.group.uochb.cz/en">Eva Kudová</a> from IOCB Prague and Jitka Viktorová from UCT Prague have identified new androstane-based steroid derivatives that can significantly improve the effectiveness of existing antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.</div></div><div>The team screened dozens of natural steroidal hormones and synthetic derivatives to see whether they could block bacterial efflux pumps – mechanisms that bacteria use to eject antibiotics and survive treatment. Two compounds emerged as particularly promising: they inhibited efflux pumps and lowered the effective doses of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and erythromycin.Further analysis showed that one of the compounds also suppressed genes linked to bacterial virulence. Another key finding is that the most active molecules are non-toxic to human immune cells and showed no detectable endocrine activity, suggesting a favorable safety profile.These findings support the idea that rationally designed steroid-based molecules could act as antibiotic adjuvants, helping existing drugs overcome bacterial resistance.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/IOCB_Prague_Steroidal_hormones_and_neurosteroids_novel_therapeutic_strategies_in_bacterial_infections_8e5d2a7b48.jpg" alt="IOCB Prague: Steroidal hormones and neurosteroids – novel therapeutic strategies in bacterial infections" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_IOCB_Prague_Steroidal_hormones_and_neurosteroids_novel_therapeutic_strategies_in_bacterial_infections_8e5d2a7b48.jpg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="1258" height="886"><blockquote><h4>Original Article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0223523426001613?via%3Dihub">Steroidal hormones and neurosteroids - novel therapeutic strategies in bacterial infections: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation</a></h4>Daniela Brdová, Bára Křížkovská, Jan Špaček, Zdeněk Míchal, Eva Jablonská, Ondřej Strnad, Hana Chodounská, Eszter Szánti-Pintér, Marina Morozovová, Václav Hanžl, Jan Tkadlec, Martijn Riool, Jan Lipov, Jitka Viktorová, Eva Kudová&nbsp;Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2026, 308, 118716<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2026.118716">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2026.118716</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>The global rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates novel therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases. Inhibition of bacterial efflux pumps, which contribute to multidrug resistance, represents a promising approach to restore or even increase the efficacy of existing antibiotics. Using fluorescence-based ethidium bromide accumulation, broth microdilution, and checkerboard assays, we evaluated 26 endogenous steroidal hormones and neurosteroids, along with 30 synthetic derivatives, for their ability to enhance antibiotic susceptibility in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Structure-activity relationship analysis identified compounds 13 and 16 as lead candidates, exhibiting strong efflux pump inhibition and marked reductions in the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. Both compounds showed additive effects in checkerboard assays. Modifications at C-3 (polar substitution) and C-17 (3α,5β-stereochemistry and nonpolar substitution) were essential for potent efflux inhibition and sensitization, although these modifications were not additive when combined. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that compound 13 significantly downregulated S. aureus virulence-associated genes when administered alone or in combination with antibiotics. Cytotoxicity assessment in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and receptor transactivation assays for estrogen, androgen, and progesterone receptors indicated that the most active derivatives were non-toxic and lacked detectable endocrine activity, suggesting a favorable safety profile. Overall, these findings support the concept that rationally designed andostane-based steroidal scaffolds can function as competitive bacterial efflux pump inhibitors and serve as potential antibiotic adjuvants to mitigate efflux-mediated resistance.<h4>Instrumentation</h4><h5>Structural characterization</h5><ul><li>AVANCE III 400 MHz NMR spectrometer (Bruker)</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=LTQ+Orbitrap+XL">LTQ Orbitrap XL HRMS</a> (Thermo Fisher Scientific, ESI)</li></ul></div>

Steroidal hormones and neurosteroids – novel therapeutic strategies in bacterial infections

Metformin is currently the first-line oral drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It reduces glucose production in the liver, improves tissue sensitivity to insulin, and does not cause weight gain or hypoglycemia, which sets it apart from some other antidiabetic drugs. Moreover, its long-term beneficial effects on the risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes have been well established. Researchers from the Institute of Physiology CAS (IPHYS) have identified a new group of blood metabolites that could help physicians objectively monitor whether patients with type 2 diabetes are taking their metformin as prescribed.<h4>New biomarkers for metformin use</h4>A team led by Tomáš Čajka from the Laboratory of Translational Metabolism at IPHYS analyzed plasma samples from 637 patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and 143 non-diabetic controls using advanced metabolomics and lipidomics. Among 614 detected metabolites, they identified five from the group of N-lactoyl-amino acids (e.g. N‑lactoyl-phenylalanine), which had previously been seen as unknown signals due to missing reference spectra in databases. The levels of these metabolites in the blood closely reflected the plasma concentrations of metformin. In patients with the highest metformin exposure, the concentrations of these metabolites were up to 7.2 times higher than in controls.<h4>A sensitive “fingerprint” of the drug’s effect</h4>N-Lactoyl-amino acids are formed in cells by combining lactate and amino acids, thus reflecting the metformin-induced changes in cellular energy metabolism. “Importantly, even though they occur in plasma only at nanomolar concentrations, they reliably distinguish patients who take metformin regularly from those who take it irregularly or not at all,” emphasizes T. Čajka.<h4>Metabolomics in practice and international collaboration</h4>The study also provides a detailed description of broader metabolic changes in type 2 diabetes, including increases in lactate, organic acids, and branched-chain amino acids, as well as extensive remodelling of the lipid profile. In addition to T. Čajka’s team, collaborators from the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague and the West Coast Metabolomics Center (University of California, Davis) also participated in the study.The results demonstrate that advanced metabolomics approaches developed at IPHYS within the CarDia project can find highly practical applications both in clinical studies and in personalized monitoring of treatment in patients with diabetes.<blockquote><h4>The original article</h4><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpt.70205">Untargeted Metabolomics Identifies N-Lactoyl-Amino Acids as Dose-Responsive Plasma Biomarkers of Metformin Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes</a></h4>Tomas Cajka, Jiri Hricko, Lucie Rudl Kulhava, Michaela Paucova, Michaela Novakova, Veronika Hola, Stanislava Rakusanova, Oliver Fiehn, Vojtech Skop, Ivana Lankova, Iva Miskova, Terezie Pelikanova, Martin HaluzikClin Pharmacol Ther, 119: 1057-1069<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.70205">https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.70205</a><h6>licensed under <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY 4.0</a></h6></blockquote><h4>Abstract</h4>Metformin is the most widely prescribed antidiabetic drug, yet adherence remains difficult to objectively assess. Using untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics, we analyzed plasma from 637 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with confirmed metformin use and 143 nondiabetic controls, annotating 614 metabolites. Patients were stratified by plasma metformin into sub-therapeutic, therapeutic, and supra-therapeutic groups, and associations were evaluated by multiple linear regression and composite metabolite ranking. Five previously unannotated features were structurally identified as N-lactoyl-amino acids, whose levels correlated strongly with plasma metformin (ρ = 0.42–0.55, P &lt; 0.0001) and increased up to 7.2-fold in the supra-therapeutic group (&gt; 2000 ng/mL). While N-lactoyl-amino acids were consistently detected in the nanomolar range, they still displayed robust and dose-dependent associations with metformin. Broader metabolic changes in T2D included elevated lactate, organic acids, and branched-chain amino acids, together with reduced urea cycle metabolites. Lipidomics showed increases in saturated triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols and decreases in cholesteryl esters, sphingomyelins, and phospholipids. These findings establish N-lactoyl-amino acids as robust, dose-responsive plasma biomarkers of metformin exposure. Despite being up to four orders of magnitude less abundant than their amino acid precursors, they sensitively reflect mitochondrial lactate overflow and pharmacodynamic adaptation, offering objective assessment of adherence.

New blood biomarkers reveal how faithfully diabetes patients take metformin

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The Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS) was established by Act No. 283/1992 Coll. as the Czech successor of the former Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. It is set up as a complex of 54 public research institutions.

Czech Academy of Sciences

The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague) is a leading scientific institution in the Czech Republic, recognized internationally. Its primary mission is basic research in the fields of chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, organic and material oriented chemistry, chemistry of natural compounds, biochemistry and molecular biology, physical chemistry, theoretical chemistry, and analytical chemistry. 

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Organomation, founded in 1959, designs and manufactures high-quality nitrogen evaporators and extraction systems. Known for innovation and durability, their lab instruments are used globally for efficient sample preparation with strong customer support.

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KNAUER Eurospher II 100 C8 & C8A (U)HPLC Columns (USP L7)

C8 is a silica gel based stationary phase in reversed phase mode with alternative selectivity compared to C18 phases. 

Classical and hydrophilic/aqueous C8 columns for HPLC and UHPLC (USP L7)C8 is a silica gel based stationary phase in reversed phase mode with alternative selectivity compared to C18 phases. Compared to C18 phases, these columns show less retention due to the lower hydrophobicity.<ul><li>Ultra pure, spherical high performance HPLC phase based on silica gel</li><li>Monomeric C8 (Octyl) modification, standard endcapping, with 10 % carbon content (~ 50 % endcapping)</li></ul><h5>Properties</h5><ul><li>Separation mechanism: Hydrophobic interaction(lower compared to C18 phases)</li></ul><h5>Key features</h5><ul><li>Classical C8 phase, standard 50 % endcapping and 10 % carbon load, outstanding mechanical and chemical stability, suited for analytical as well as semi preparative and preparative applications.</li></ul><h5>Recommended application areas</h5><ul><li>Similar selectivity to C18 phase but less retention due to the lower hydrophobicity; useful for determination of:<ul><li>Water soluble vitamins</li><li>Steroids</li><li>Catecholamines</li><li>Sedatives</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_C8_rp_non_endcapped_3f7727d3fd.webp" alt="KNAUER: C8 RP Non-endcapped" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_C8_rp_non_endcapped_3f7727d3fd.webp 148w," sizes="100vw" width="304" height="321">Hydrophilic C8A phase offers an alternative, more polar selectivity. It is suited for highly polar reversed phase applications with up to 100 % aqueous mobile phases.&nbsp;<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_C8_A_e1f371165e.webp" alt="KNAUER: C8A" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_C8_A_e1f371165e.webp 198w," sizes="100vw" width="473" height="373"><blockquote>Tip: Caution! Even for short term storage all buffer solutions have to be rinsed from the column to prevent crystallization effects.</blockquote>Stationary phases Eurospher II 100 C8 and C8A are provided in these column types: analytical, semi-preparative and preparative.Eurospher II 100 C8 and C8A Analytical Columns are available with these parameters:<ul><li>Column length (mm): 50, 100, 150, 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 2, 3, 4, 4.6</li><li>Particle size (µm): 2, 3, 5</li></ul>Eurospher II 100 C8 and C8A Semi-Preparative Standard Columns are available with these parameters:<ul><li>Column length (mm): 30, 50, 125, 150, 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 8, 16</li><li>Particle size (µm): 5, 10</li></ul><h3>KNAUER (U)HPLC Columns</h3>Widest range of HPLC and UHPLC columns for all separation modes and applications.<ul><li>Safe Investment: Robust and reliable columns for attractive price&nbsp;</li><li>Separation Mode: Reversed Phase, HILIC, Normale</li><li>Simplicity: Easy purchase via our online store with fast delivery</li><li>Application: All-rounder for research or highly specialised for high-throughput analysis? We have the best column for your requirements.</li><li>Flexibility: Wide selection of column and particle sizes, for (U)HPLC applications up to 1000 bar</li></ul>KNAUER offers the perfect column for any small molecule separation. No matter which separation mode, molecule and the mobile phase, we offer a suitable (U)HPLC stationary phase. Choose from a wide range of modifications, particle sizes and column dimensions to suit your application. To elongate the lifetime of your column, you can choose to use a suitable precolumn.<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:787/674;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_KNAUER_U_HPLC_C8_and_C8_A_Columns_083c60f401.webp" alt="KNAUER: KNAUER (U)HPLC Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_KNAUER_U_HPLC_C8_and_C8_A_Columns_083c60f401.webp 182w," sizes="100vw" width="787" height="674"></figure>

KNAUER Eurospher II 100 C18 (U)HPLC Columns (USP L1)

Stationary phase Eurospher II 100 C18 (U)HPLC is the most often used stationary phase in reversed phase mode

Classical Reversed Phase columns for HPLC and UHPLC (USP L1)Most often used stationary phase in reversed phase mode. Silica gel based columns with C18 modification are available with or without endcapping. Classically endcapped phases are slightly more hydrophobic and unpolar than the not endcapped phases.<h5>Properties</h5><ul><li>Separation mechanism: Hydrophobic interaction</li><li>Ultra pure, spherical high performance HPLC phase based on silica gel</li><li>Unpolar, monomeric C18 (Octadecyl) modification, endcapped, with 16 % carbon content (~ 50 % endcapping).</li></ul><h5>Key features</h5><ul><li>High-class HPLC phase perfectly suited to take on routine analyses as well as the most ambitious chromatography tasks, classical C18 phase with ca. 50 % endcapping and resulting 16 % carbon content, outstanding mechanical and chemical stability.</li></ul><h5>Recommended application areas</h5><ul><li>acidic, basic and neutral analytes in reversed phase mode, for example sulphonamides</li><li>anabolic steroids</li><li>anti-psychotics</li><li>beta blocker</li><li>sudan dyes</li><li>phenols and preservatives</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_C18_non_endcapped_6e4fce9989.webp" alt="KNAUER: C18 Non-endcapped" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_C18_non_endcapped_6e4fce9989.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="682" height="420"><blockquote>Tip: Caution! Never use classical C18 phases with 100 % aqueous mobile phase. The hydrophobic C18 chains will collapse</blockquote>Stationary phase Eurospher II 100 C18 is provided in these column types: analytical, semi-preparative and preparative.Eurospher II 100 C18 Analytical Columns are available with these parameters:<ul><li>Column length (mm): 50, 100, 150, 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 2, 3, 4, 4.6</li><li>Particle size (µm): 2, 3, 5</li></ul>Eurospher II 100 C18 Semi-Preparative Standard Columns are available with these parameters:<ul><li>Column length (mm): 30, 50, 125, 150, 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 8, 16</li><li>Particle size (µm): 5, 10</li></ul><h3>KNAUER (U)HPLC Columns</h3>Widest range of HPLC and UHPLC columns for all separation modes and applications.<ul><li>Safe Investment: Robust and reliable columns for attractive price&nbsp;</li><li>Separation Mode: Reversed Phase, HILIC, Normale</li><li>Simplicity: Easy purchase via our online store with fast delivery</li><li>Application: All-rounder for research or highly specialised for high-throughput analysis? We have the best column for your requirements.</li><li>Flexibility: Wide selection of column and particle sizes, for (U)HPLC applications up to 1000 bar</li></ul>KNAUER offers the perfect column for any small molecule separation. No matter which separation mode, molecule and the mobile phase, we offer a suitable (U)HPLC stationary phase. Choose from a wide range of modifications, particle sizes and column dimensions to suit your application. To elongate the lifetime of your column, you can choose to use a suitable precolumn.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_KNAUER_U_HPLC_C8_and_C8_A_Columns_083c60f401.webp" alt="KNAUER: KNAUER (U)HPLC Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_KNAUER_U_HPLC_C8_and_C8_A_Columns_083c60f401.webp 182w," sizes="100vw" width="787" height="674">

KNAUER Eurospher II 100 C18A (U)HPLC Columns (USP L1)

C18A phases can be operated under 100 % aqueous conditions without destroying the stationary phase, what is not recommended for classical C18 phases

C18A columns for polar reversed phase applications with 100 % aqueous mobile phase (USP L1)C18 stationary phase for the analysis of more polar and hydrophilic compounds in reversed phase mode (USP L1). Silica gel based columns with C18 modification with hydrophilic endcapping. Because of their modification, C18A phases can be operated under 100 % aqueous conditions without destroying the stationary phase, what is not recommended for classical C18 phases caused by their hydrophobicity.<h5>Properties</h5><ul><li>Separation mechanism: Hydrophobic and polar interaction</li><li>Ultra pure, spherical high performance HPLC phase based on silica gel</li><li>Polar, monomeric C18 (Octadecyl) modification, polar endcapping, with 10 % carbon content (~ 50 % endcapping).</li></ul><h5>Key features</h5><ul><li>C18 A phase with alternative, more polar selectivity, suited for the use with pure aqueous mobile phases, 50 % endcapping and resulting 10 % carbon content, outstanding mechanical and chemical stability, suited for analytical as well as semi preparative and preparative applications</li></ul><h5>Recommended application areas</h5><ul><li>Polar endcapped C18 phase for water soluble and polar analytes, 100 % aqueous eluents for analysis of very polar compounds:<ul><li>basic pharmaceutical ingredients</li><li>water soluble vitamins</li><li>catecholamines</li><li>as well as organic acids.</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_C18_A_6f4b0c3063.webp" alt="KNAUER: C18A" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_C18_A_6f4b0c3063.webp 245w," sizes="100vw" width="690" height="428"><blockquote>Tip: With an endcapping the influence of nonderivatized silanol groups can be minimized. The endcapping reagent is generally a smaller silane than used for derivatisation. This treatment reduces the unwanted interaction of polar or charged analytes (acids, bases ect.) because the amount of available silanol groups is reduced.</blockquote>Stationary phase Eurospher II 100 C18A is provided in these column types: analytical, semi-preparative and preparative.Eurospher II 100 C18A Analytical Columns are available with these parameters:<ul><li>Column length (mm): 50, 100, 150, 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 2, 3, 4, 4.6</li><li>Particle size (µm): 2, 3, 5</li></ul>Eurospher II 100 C18A Semi-Preparative Standard Columns are available with these parameters:<ul><li>Column length (mm): 30, 50, 125, 150, 250</li><li>Column ID (mm): 8, 16</li><li>Particle size (µm): 5, 10</li></ul><h3>KNAUER (U)HPLC Columns</h3>Widest range of HPLC and UHPLC columns for all separation modes and applications.<ul><li>Safe Investment: Robust and reliable columns for attractive price&nbsp;</li><li>Separation Mode: Reversed Phase, HILIC, Normale</li><li>Simplicity: Easy purchase via our online store with fast delivery</li><li>Application: All-rounder for research or highly specialised for high-throughput analysis? We have the best column for your requirements.</li><li>Flexibility: Wide selection of column and particle sizes, for (U)HPLC applications up to 1000 bar</li></ul>KNAUER offers the perfect column for any small molecule separation. No matter which separation mode, molecule and the mobile phase, we offer a suitable (U)HPLC stationary phase. Choose from a wide range of modifications, particle sizes and column dimensions to suit your application. To elongate the lifetime of your column, you can choose to use a suitable precolumn.<figure class="image"><img style="aspect-ratio:787/674;" src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_KNAUER_U_HPLC_C8_and_C8_A_Columns_083c60f401.webp" alt="KNAUER: KNAUER (U)HPLC Columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_KNAUER_U_HPLC_C8_and_C8_A_Columns_083c60f401.webp 182w," sizes="100vw" width="787" height="674"></figure>

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil GPC Columns

Organic polymer base material with high porosity for high resolution

AppliChrom® GPC columns for organic GPC analyses in DMAc or DMF<h4>Properties:</h4><ul><li>Organic polymer base material with high porosity for high resolution</li><li>Wide range of porosities and particle sizes</li><li>Pressure stability: up to 150 bar</li><li>Stable between: 35-145 °C</li><li>Excellent reproducibility and resolution due to the advanced packing procedure</li><li>High purity to eliminate adsorptive effects and combine pure GPC with long lifetime</li><li>GPC range from: 100-1 000 000 Da</li><li>Optimal for: 0.5 ml/min flow rates with 8 mm ID colums</li><li>Recommended eluents: DMAc, DMF, NMP, LiBr additive</li></ul><h4>Applications</h4>Slightly polar analytes like:<ul><li>PMMA, polyacryl nitril (PAN), acrylnitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), cellulose, and all DMF and DMAc soluble polymers</li></ul><h3>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</h3>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratoriesGel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a wide range of pore sizes (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and several particle sizes (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"><h3>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO, PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li>Seperation Ranges: 100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</h4>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718">

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil GPC Columns

AppliChrom® DMSO-PHIL optimized for DMSO-GPC applications from an interaction-free pure GPC base material

AppliChrom® DMSO-PHIL optimized for DMSO-GPC applications<h4>Properties:</h4><ul><li>Interaction-free pure GPC base material</li><li>Temperature stabel between: 40-90 °C (145 °C) depending on application</li><li>Simple, reliable and robust GPC &amp; SEC calibration from dextrans, pullulans et al.</li><li>Low column bleed for low detector gain for improved refractive index, light scattering or viscosity detection</li><li>12 µm particle technology for low back pressure</li><li>Tolerates traces of water and NaNO₃ additve</li><li>Large volume and optimized mass transfer for polymers with optimized resolution</li><li>Low cost due to long column lifetime - result of the combination of optimized particle and packing technology</li><li>Recommended eluents: DMSO, 0.075 M NaNO₃</li></ul><h4>Applications</h4>Polar, not water soluble oligomers or polymers like:<ul><li>polysaccharides, lignin, amylose, starch, humic acids, polyvenyl pyridin, PNIPA, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), melamin-urea-formaldehyd resin (MUF) or urea-formaldehyd resin (UF)</li></ul><h3>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</h3>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratoriesGel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a wide range of pore sizes (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and several particle sizes (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"><h3>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO, PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li>Seperation Ranges: 100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</h4>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718">

KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA HFIP-Phil GPC Columns

AppliChrom® GPC columns for separations in HFIP with broad pore technology for GPC for analytes with challenging solution behavior

AppliChrom® GPC columns for separations in HFIP<h4>Properties:</h4><ul><li>Broad pore technology for GPC for analytes with challenging solution behavior</li><li>Separation range beween: 0.1–50 000 kDa</li><li>Range of individual porosities that can be used individually or in combination</li><li>Temperature stable between: 35–145 °C</li><li>Long column lifetime - result of the combination of optimized particle and packing technology</li><li>Low column bleed for low detector noise</li><li>Excellent reproducibility and resolution due to the advanced packing procedure</li><li>Calibration standard: PMMA or PEO &nbsp;</li><li>Recommended eluents: Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), 0.1 % KTFa as modifier</li></ul><h4>Applications</h4>Crystalline highperformance polymers like:&nbsp;<ul><li>polyamides (PA), polyethylen terepthalate (PET), polybutylen terepthalate (PBT), polylactic acid (PLA), polyamid 6 (PA6), polycaprolactam, paraformaldehyde, polyoxymethylene (POM), polyacetal, several polyoxazolines</li></ul><h3>GPC &amp; SEC Columns</h3>GPC &amp; SEC systems offer solutions for various applications and laboratoriesGel permeation chromatography (GPC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separate analytes by size using special columns with a porous matrix. The basic separation principle is based on the fact that smaller molecules penetrate these pores more strongly and therefore move more slowly through the matrix than larger molecules. GPC/SEC is often used as gentle and powerful purification technique or for quality control in research and development. Typical target molecules are polymers, dissolved in organic solvents for GPC, and macro biomolecules like proteins, antibodies or polysaccharides, dissolved in aqueous eluents for SEC.Separation is facilitated by selecting optimal particle and pore sizes. Therefore we offer a wide range of pore sizes (35, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 1000, 1500, 10E5, 10E6, 10E7 Å) and several particle sizes (5, 7, 10, 12, 20 µm) as a choice to customize for every application task.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp" alt="KNAUER: Size Exclusion - principle" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_principle_2a432edcc1.webp 228w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="700"><h3>KNAUER AppliChrom® ABOA columns for aqueous SEC, organic GPC, and special applications</h3><ul><li>AppliChrom® ABOA StyDiViBe Series GPC-columns for GPC analysis of organic molecules using THF, toluene, chloroform.</li><li>AppliChrom ABOA SuperOH-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of mainly neutral and anionic polymers like heparins, polysaccharides, PEO, PEG,....</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMSO-Phil-P Series for DMSO GPC/SEC analysis (humic substances, UF/MUF-glue, p-NIPA, many polycondensates, protein from pea or leguminosae,...)</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA DMAc-Phil-P Series for GPC/ SEC analysis in DMAc, DMF, NMP. Good for many medium polar substances, polyoxazolines, lignin,...</li><li>AppliChrom® ABOA Cat-Phil-P Series for aqueous GPC/SEC-analysis of special aminic and polycationic polymers like p-DADMAc, PEI/ polyethylenimin, chitosan, copolymers with polyaminofunctions, but also useful for polyanions or neutral polymers like heparin or PEO/PEG, dextran or pullulan.</li><li>Seperation Ranges: 100–50 000 000 Da</li></ul><h4>You decide between classical GPC/SEC columns with conventional mixed pore technology or AppliChrom® BPT technology:</h4>Separate oligomers and polymers with the new GPC media line from AppliChrom® BPT synthesis technology for large range, high resolution separations with increased accuracy in calibration (patent pending).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: AppliChrom® ABOA columns." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Appli_Chrom_ABOA_columns_58d5d380f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1379" height="718">

KNAUER Sepapure® FPLC Columns for Antibody Affinity Chromatography

 The FPLC media is functionalized either with Protein A or Protein G ligands for the binding of antibodies or antibody fragments.

FPLC media based on cross-linked agarose beads with a mean diameter of 100 µm. &nbsp;The FPLC media is functionalized either with Protein A or Protein G ligands for the binding of antibodies or antibody fragments.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Antibody_Affinity_Protein_A_and_G_08afa2179e.webp" alt="KNAUER: FPLC Column for Antibody Affinity - Protein A and G" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Antibody_Affinity_Protein_A_and_G_08afa2179e.webp 236w," sizes="100vw" width="690" height="456"><h4>Properties:</h4>Sepapure® Affinity media for antibodies or antibody fragments is designed to be used with most aqueous buffer systems. It is long lasting when correctly handled and are compatible with common CIP strategies. All Sepapure® media is stored in 20 % ethanol upon delivery. Available as prepacked 1 ml or 5 ml cartridge or as bulk material.<h4>Technical data:</h4>Agarose beads with typical loading ranges of 1 - 30 mg/l (Protein A column) or 1 - 15 mg/ml (Protein G column). The maximum operating pressure the Sepapure® columns should be used at is 3 bar, while the recommended flowrate is 1 CV/ml.<h4>Recommended application areas:</h4>Typically used in the first step („capture“) of an FPLC purification procedure.<h3>KNAUER Sepapure®&nbsp;</h3>In protein purification, a combination of different methods is needed for a successful separation. The purity of the wanted biomolecule is increased in three steps: Capture - Intermediate - PolishingIn the “capture step” the crude biomolecule is extracted from major side products. In the “intermediate step” further contaminations are removed, and the highly pure biomolecule is gained in the “polishing step”. For each step a different method and therefore different columns are used.&nbsp;FPLC Sepapure® columns are dedicated for purification of biomolecules. Sepapure® media for affinity chromatography (AC) and Ion-Exchange chromatography (IEX) is based on Agarose and depending on the specific purification mode functionalized with ligands e.g. Protein A, Ni-NTA or quaternary ammonium (Q). These FPLC media are available packed in 1 ml and 5 ml cartridges or as bulk media.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_FPLC_Sepapure_columns_ad980345f3.jpg" alt="KNAUER: FPLC Sepapure® columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_FPLC_Sepapure_columns_ad980345f3.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1372" height="562"><h5>Physical properties FPLC Sepapure® columns</h5><ul><li>Resin 100 µm Agarose particles with 4 % or 6 % crosslinking</li><li>Flowrate Recommended: 1 CV/ml</li><li>pH Stability 3 – 9 long term</li><li>Max. pressure 3 bar</li></ul>Sepapure® Desalting columns are based on Dextran with an exclusion limit of 5 kDa and available in 1 ml and 5 ml cartridges.&nbsp;<h5>Physical properties Sepapure® Desalting columns</h5><ul><li>Resin 20 – 50 µm Dextran particles</li><li>Flowrate Recommended: 1 CV/ml</li><li>Exclusion limit 5 kDa</li><li>Max. pressure 3 bar</li></ul>

KNAUER Sepapure® FPLC Columns for Tag-Affinity Chromatography

FPLC media based on cross-linked agarose beads with a mean diameter of 100 µm.  The FPLC media is functionalized with NTA ligands for His-Tag.

FPLC media based on cross-linked agarose beads with a mean diameter of 100 µm. &nbsp;The FPLC media is functionalized with NTA ligands for His-Tag.&nbsp;<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Antibody_Affinity_Protein_A_and_G_08afa2179e.webp" alt="KNAUER: FPLC Column for Tag-Affinity Chromatography" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Antibody_Affinity_Protein_A_and_G_08afa2179e.webp 236w," sizes="100vw" width="690" height="456"><h4>Properties:</h4>Sepapure® Affinity media for recombinantly tagged proteins is designed to be used with most aqueous buffer systems. It is long lasting when correctly handled and compatible with common CIP strategies. All Sepapure® media is stored in 20 % ethanol upon delivery. Available as prepacked 1 ml or 5 ml cartridge or as bulk material.<h4>Technical data:</h4>Agarose beads with typical loading ranges of 1–40 mg/l (Ni-NTA). The maximum operating pressure the Sepapure® columns should be used at is 3 bar, while the recommended flowrate is 1 CV/ml. &nbsp;Available as prepacked 1 ml or 5 ml cartridge or as bulk material.<h4>Recommended application areas:</h4>Typically used in the first step („capture“) of an FPLC purification procedure.<h3>KNAUER Sepapure®&nbsp;</h3>In protein purification, a combination of different methods is needed for a successful separation. The purity of the wanted biomolecule is increased in three steps: Capture - Intermediate - PolishingIn the “capture step” the crude biomolecule is extracted from major side products. In the “intermediate step” further contaminations are removed, and the highly pure biomolecule is gained in the “polishing step”. For each step a different method and therefore different columns are used.&nbsp;FPLC Sepapure® columns are dedicated for purification of biomolecules. Sepapure® media for affinity chromatography (AC) and Ion-Exchange chromatography (IEX) is based on Agarose and depending on the specific purification mode functionalized with ligands e.g. Protein A, Ni-NTA or quaternary ammonium (Q). These FPLC media are available packed in 1 ml and 5 ml cartridges or as bulk media.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_FPLC_Sepapure_columns_ad980345f3.jpg" alt="KNAUER: FPLC Sepapure® columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_FPLC_Sepapure_columns_ad980345f3.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1372" height="562"><h5>Physical properties FPLC Sepapure® columns</h5><ul><li>Resin 100 µm Agarose particles with 4 % or 6 % crosslinking</li><li>Flowrate Recommended: 1 CV/ml</li><li>pH Stability 3 – 9 long term</li><li>Max. pressure 3 bar</li></ul>Sepapure® Desalting columns are based on Dextran with an exclusion limit of 5 kDa and available in 1 ml and 5 ml cartridges.&nbsp;<h5>Physical properties Sepapure® Desalting columns</h5><ul><li>Resin 20 – 50 µm Dextran particles</li><li>Flowrate Recommended: 1 CV/ml</li><li>Exclusion limit 5 kDa</li><li>Max. pressure 3 bar</li></ul>

KNAUER Sepapure® FPLC Columns for Ion-Exchange Chromatography

The FPLC media is functionalized with different linkers ranging from strong anion exchange ligands to weak cation exchange ligands. 

FPLC media based on cross-linked agarose beads with a mean diameter of 100 µm. &nbsp;The FPLC media is functionalized with different linkers ranging from strong anion exchange ligands to weak cation exchange ligands.&nbsp;<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Ion_Exchange_Chromatography_640e6f5ba7.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Sepapure FPLC Columns for Ion Exchange Chromatography" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Ion_Exchange_Chromatography_640e6f5ba7.jpg 236w," sizes="100vw" width="1920" height="1270"><h4>Properties:</h4>Sepapure® Ion-Exchange media is designed to be used with most aqueous buffer systems. It is long lasting when correctly handled and is compatible with common CIP strategies. All Sepapure® media is stored in 20 % ethanol upon delivery. &nbsp;<h4>Technical data:</h4>The agarose beads are functionalized with a quaternary ammonium for the strong anion exchanger (Q) and with diethylaminoethyl for the weak anion exchanger (DEAE). The strong cation exchanger is functionalized with sulphopropyl (SP) and the weak cation exchanger with carboxymethyl (CM).&nbsp;The maximum operating pressure the Sepapure® columns should be used at is 3 bar, while the recommended flowrate is 1 CV/ml.&nbsp;Available as prepacked 1 ml or 5 ml cartridge or as bulk material.&nbsp;<h4>Recommended application areas:</h4>Typically used in the intermediate step of an FPLC purification procedure.<h3>KNAUER Sepapure®&nbsp;</h3>In protein purification, a combination of different methods is needed for a successful separation. The purity of the wanted biomolecule is increased in three steps: Capture - Intermediate - PolishingIn the “capture step” the crude biomolecule is extracted from major side products. In the “intermediate step” further contaminations are removed, and the highly pure biomolecule is gained in the “polishing step”. For each step a different method and therefore different columns are used.&nbsp;FPLC Sepapure® columns are dedicated for purification of biomolecules. Sepapure® media for affinity chromatography (AC) and Ion-Exchange chromatography (IEX) is based on Agarose and depending on the specific purification mode functionalized with ligands e.g. Protein A, Ni-NTA or quaternary ammonium (Q). These FPLC media are available packed in 1 ml and 5 ml cartridges or as bulk media.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_FPLC_Sepapure_columns_ad980345f3.jpg" alt="KNAUER: FPLC Sepapure® columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_FPLC_Sepapure_columns_ad980345f3.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1372" height="562"><h5>Physical properties FPLC Sepapure® columns</h5><ul><li>Resin 100 µm Agarose particles with 4 % or 6 % crosslinking</li><li>Flowrate Recommended: 1 CV/ml</li><li>pH Stability 3 – 9 long term</li><li>Max. pressure 3 bar</li></ul>Sepapure® Desalting columns are based on Dextran with an exclusion limit of 5 kDa and available in 1 ml and 5 ml cartridges.&nbsp;<h5>Physical properties Sepapure® Desalting columns</h5><ul><li>Resin 20 – 50 µm Dextran particles</li><li>Flowrate Recommended: 1 CV/ml</li><li>Exclusion limit 5 kDa</li><li>Max. pressure 3 bar</li></ul>

KNAUER Sepapure® FPLC Desalting Columns

Desalting columns based on dextran for group separations of large molecular weight biomolecules from small molecular weight compounds and salts.

FPLC media based on dextran beads with a mean diameter of 20–50 µm. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) separates molecules on the basis of size differences. KNAUER offers desalting columns based on dextran for group separations of large molecular weight biomolecules from small molecular weight compounds and salts.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_chromatography_fb9d43e34b.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Sepapure FPLC - Desalting or Buffer Exchange" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Size_Exclusion_chromatography_fb9d43e34b.jpg 156w," sizes="100vw" width="1500" height="1500"><h4>Properties:</h4>Sepapure® Desalting media is designed to be used for removal of small molecules below the exclusion limit and for covenient rebuffering. It is long lasting when correctly handled and compatible with common CIP strategies. All Sepapure® media is stored in 20 % ethanol upon delivery. Available as prepacked 5 ml cartridge or as bulk material.&nbsp;<h4>Technical data:</h4>The Sepapure® dextran beads have an exclusion limit of 5 kDa. The maximum operating pressure of the Sepapure® columns is 3 bar, while the recommended flowrate is 1 CV/ml.<h4>Recommended application areas:</h4>Typically used in the final step of an FPLC purification procedure or inbetween steps for fast buffer exchange.<h3>KNAUER Sepapure®&nbsp;</h3>In protein purification, a combination of different methods is needed for a successful separation. The purity of the wanted biomolecule is increased in three steps: Capture - Intermediate - PolishingIn the “capture step” the crude biomolecule is extracted from major side products. In the “intermediate step” further contaminations are removed, and the highly pure biomolecule is gained in the “polishing step”. For each step a different method and therefore different columns are used.&nbsp;FPLC Sepapure® columns are dedicated for purification of biomolecules. Sepapure® media for affinity chromatography (AC) and Ion-Exchange chromatography (IEX) is based on Agarose and depending on the specific purification mode functionalized with ligands e.g. Protein A, Ni-NTA or quaternary ammonium (Q). These FPLC media are available packed in 1 ml and 5 ml cartridges or as bulk media.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_FPLC_Sepapure_columns_ad980345f3.jpg" alt="KNAUER: FPLC Sepapure® columns" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_FPLC_Sepapure_columns_ad980345f3.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1372" height="562"><h5>Physical properties FPLC Sepapure® columns</h5><ul><li>Resin 100 µm Agarose particles with 4 % or 6 % crosslinking</li><li>Flowrate Recommended: 1 CV/ml</li><li>pH Stability 3 – 9 long term</li><li>Max. pressure 3 bar</li></ul>Sepapure® Desalting columns are based on Dextran with an exclusion limit of 5 kDa and available in 1 ml and 5 ml cartridges.&nbsp;<h5>Physical properties Sepapure® Desalting columns</h5><ul><li>Resin 20 – 50 µm Dextran particles</li><li>Flowrate Recommended: 1 CV/ml</li><li>Exclusion limit 5 kDa</li><li>Max. pressure 3 bar</li></ul>

Products focused on Consumables - page 22

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