<h5>Tasty beer starts with knowing what’s in your hops. Explore how online SPE makes bitter acid analysis in hops faster and more reliable.</h5><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_326238593f.jpeg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: How Bitter Acid Analysis Helps Brewers Better Control Beer Flavors." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_326238593f.jpeg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="512"><h3>How can you detect bitter acid profiles quickly, reliably, and more sustainably?</h3>For craft brewers and beer lovers alike, a refreshing experience is all about flavor.So how can you achieve the desired bitterness in your beer? The answer is not just about the recipe. Finding the right flavor profile starts with the bitter acids present in the starting hops material.<div><div>Hops (the heart of your favorite beer) are the source of the brew’s distinctive flavor tied to bitterness and aroma.At the molecular level, bitterness is driven by <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814622016338">α- and β-bitter acids</a>, like humulones and lupulones, whose concentrations determine the final sensory profile of the beer (Figure 1).Accurately characterizing these compounds in each batch allows brewers to unlock the full potential of every variety of hops.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_2_6435757c03.jpeg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: How Bitter Acid Analysis Helps Brewers Better Control Beer Flavors: Figure 1. General chemical structure of hop bitter acids." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_2_6435757c03.jpeg 222w," sizes="100vw" width="700" height="493">While conventional analytical methods rely on long, manual sample preparation steps and hazardous solvents, laboratories now strive for greener and more efficient workflows.And moving from manual to online sample preparation is one of the easiest ways your lab can reduce waste and — most importantly — improve reliability with automation.<h3>Key takeaways</h3><ul><li>Online SPE reduces hands-on work, shortens turnaround time, and supports more sustainable methods by cutting solvent use and eliminating single-use cartridges.</li><li>Automated UHPLC workflows are easier for new users to execute, offering more reproducible quantifications of α- and β-bitter acids in hops.</li><li>Accurate bitter acid profiles help brewers distinguish hop varieties and control flavor with confidence.</li></ul><h3>Comparing offline vs. online solid phase extraction for bitter acid HPLC analysis</h3>If you’ve spent long hours in the lab preparing samples for hops analysis, you’re not alone.Manual sample preparation often takes the most time in hops analysis, an area where online <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.thermofisher.com/content/lifetech/global/en/home/industrial/chromatography/chromatography-learning-center/chromatography-consumables/sample-prep.html">solid phase extraction</a> (SPE) can make a real difference. Here’s why.Manual SPE has a lot of manual steps. Extraction. Cartridge loading. Washing. Elution. And sometimes solvent exchange or reduction. All before your actual analysis begins. This labor-intensive workflow can take up to an hour and depends strongly on operator skillsets, making reproducibility a challenge for new hires.<h3>Online SPE analysis provides key benefits like:</h3><ul><li>Hands-off workflow free of cartridges, manifolds, or vacuum steps.</li><li>Column washing and re-equilibration occur in parallel with separation.</li><li>SPE step is complete in just two minutes.</li><li>Minimizes operator-dependent variability.</li><li>Uses less than 8 mL of solvent.</li></ul>Let’s explore what this technique looks like in practice.<h3>Online SPE for analyzing α- and β-bitter acids in hops standard solutions.</h3>Changing your sample preparation from manual to automated isn’t complicated. With the right tools you can fully integrate online SPE with your UHPLC system (Figure 2).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_3_4fb14243b4.jpeg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: How Bitter Acid Analysis Helps Brewers Better Control Beer Flavors: Figure 2. Schematic workflow for the determination of bitter acids in hops. The process involves clean up and instrumental analysis using the Thermo Scientific Vanquish Online SPE UHPLC System." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_3_4fb14243b4.jpeg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="700" height="323"><h3>The process for analyzing a hops standard solution is straightforward:</h3><ol><li>First, extract hop samples with ethanol (a greener alternative to toluene or diethyl ether in conventional methods).</li><li>Inject the extract directly into your instrument for analysis. Bitter acids retain<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1970"> on the SPE column</a> while matrix interferences that can comprise quantitation are removed.</li><li>Next, backflush the SPE column to transfer the analytes to the<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/423"> analytical column </a>for separation. While this separation is taking place, the SPE column is washed and re-equilibrated in parallel, keeping the total run time to 15 minutes, with the separation of all six major bitter acids in a single analysis (Figure 3).</li></ol><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_4_1e47405e3c.jpeg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: How Bitter Acid Analysis Helps Brewers Better Control Beer Flavors: Figure 3. UV chromatogram of hop bitter acids in standard solution (1-cohumulone, 2-humulone, 3-adhumulone, 4-colupulone, 5-lupulone, 6-adlupulone)." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_4_1e47405e3c.jpeg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="700" height="347"><h3>Online SPE for analyzing α- and β-bitter acids in real hops samples</h3>Analytical labs need methods that are accurate and reliable for brewers to develop distinct and reproducible flavor profiles across batches.To assess the applicability of online SPE UHPLC methods for hops analysis, we analyzed bitter acid profiles from four species — Sultana, Barbe Rouge, Azacca, and Sabro.The concentration of α-acids dominated all samples, while each hops species exhibited distinct profiles in terms of α-acid and β-acid content, making them suitable for different brewing strategies (Figure 4).<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_5_3a179217db.jpeg" alt="Thermo Fisher Scientific: How Bitter Acid Analysis Helps Brewers Better Control Beer Flavors: Figure 4. Bitter acid profiles in four different hop species, error bars display SD (n=6). To check method consistency, we measured each hops extract six times. Variation between measurements was low, with relative standard deviation below 3.5 % across all hops species." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific_How_Bitter_Acid_Analysis_Helps_Brewers_Better_Control_Beer_Flavors_5_3a179217db.jpeg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="700" height="410"><ul><li>For testing labs, this process translates into a workflow that is easy to run, fast, and delivers reliable results without added complexity.</li><li>For craft brewers, reliability means clear, trustworthy insights into hops bitter acid profiles, for better hop selection and more precise control of bitterness and flavor in your beer.</li></ul><h3>From carefully procured samples to tasty sips</h3>Efficient UHPLC workflows support faster results, less solvent use, and reliable bitterness data for brewers. And online SPE turns those advantages into practical, day-to-day benefits for brewers and labs alike.<ul><li>Less hands-on skills required for lab analysts</li><li>Faster results from labs to brewers</li><li>A more sustainable way to work</li><li>Clear insights into hops flavor</li></ul>To learn more about the method and see the full application data, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/cn_004238_hplc_vanquish_online_spe_bitter_acids_hops_cn004238_na_en_587a5d300b.pdf">check out our application note today</a>.<h3>FAQs</h3><div><div><h5>What are the key compounds in hops analyzed by HPLC?</h5>Bitter acids, namely α-acids and β-acids, especially the six major bitter acids (humulones and lupulones) that define hop bitterness and are required for quality control and brewing decisions.</div><div><h5>What column types are recommended for hop acid separations?</h5>Classical C18 Silica columns are ideal for bitter acids separation. UHPLC compatible columns with particle size ≤ 2 µm boost analysis with higher flow rate, thus shorter analysis time and solvent consumption.</div><div><h5>What’s the best workflow for hops analysis?</h5>A typical workflow for hop analysis consists of three main steps: extraction of the target compounds, clean-up of co-extracted matrix components, and instrumental analysis by HPLC or UHPLC. To keep this workflow efficient and reproducible, you should minimize manual handling and add in automation when possible. Integrating online SPE into your LC instrument allows sample clean-up to run automatically, reducing hands-on time, solvent use, and variability while delivering faster, more reliable results.</div></div><blockquote>Visit us on&nbsp;<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/72003132/admin/dashboard/">LinkedIn:</a>&nbsp;#UHPLC #Automation</blockquote></div></div>

How Bitter Acid Analysis Helps Brewers Better Control Beer Flavors

In the week of June 29, the following webinars await you in the field of liquid phase and especially HPLC and LC/MS.<blockquote><h4><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinars">👉 DETAILS AND REGISTRATION IN THE WEBINARS SECTION</a></h4>👉 Search and filter in the largest global database with over 5 500 GC, LC, MS and spectroscopy webinars.</blockquote><h5>1. Thermo Fisher Scientific: Insights from an IC specialist: To be suppressed or not suppressed?</h5><ul><li>Tu, 30.6.2026 09:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6310">Registration</a></li></ul>Join Thermo Fisher’s Ask the Experts session to learn how suppressor technology impacts ion chromatography performance, sensitivity, reliability, maintenance, and troubleshooting.<h5>2. SCIEX: Advancing Proteomics with ZenoTOF: From Single-Cell Analysis to Plasma Biomarker Discovery</h5><ul><li>Tu, 30.6.2026 11:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6311">Registration</a></li></ul>Discover how ZenoTOF high-resolution mass spectrometry is accelerating single-cell proteomics and plasma biomarker discovery through enhanced sensitivity, throughput, and automation.<h5>3. Agilent Technologies: Measuring Diverse Samples with UV/VIS Spectrometers and Integrating Spheres</h5><ul><li>Tu, 30.6.2026 20:30 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6052">Registration</a></li></ul>This webinar will discuss diffuse transmission and reflection UV/VIS measurements, including how to perform measurements with Agilent’s Cary 60 UV/VIS Spectrometer.<h5>4. Waters Corporation: Informatics series #33 Tips, Tricks and Best Practices</h5><ul><li>Th, 2.7.2026 11:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6315">Registration</a></li></ul>This interactive session revisits essential features, shortcuts, and practical techniques in Empower software that can streamline everyday laboratory work and reduce unnecessary effort.<h5>5. Waters Corporation: Unlocking Therapeutic Peptide Characterisation (GLP-1RAs) with Cyclic IMS</h5><ul><li>Th, 2.7.2026 15:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6313">Registration</a></li></ul>Discover how cyclic ion mobility spectrometry (cyclic IMS) improves characterization of GLP-1 analogues and therapeutic peptides, supporting development, quality control, and regulatory submissions.<h5>6. Agilent Technologies: Spectral Flow Cytometry Masterclass - Session 1</h5><ul><li>Fr, 3.7.2026 07:00 CEST</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/webinar/6316">Registration</a></li></ul>Learn how full-spectrum flow cytometry enables high-dimensional cell analysis. Explore spectral flow technology, experimental design, and applications in immunology, oncology, and vaccine research.

Webinars LabRulezLCMS Week 27/2026

The international standard ISO/IEC 17025 [1] clause 7.7.2 with regards to ensuring the validity of results, requires a laboratory to participate in proficiency testing (PT) and/or to participate in interlaboratory comparisons (ILCs) other than PT. However, no guidance as to what these other ILCs might be, or indeed how they might compare in relation to PT, is provided. This leaflet aims to outline other ILCs available, pointing out some of the limitations as compared to PT.&nbsp;There are three major types of ILCs in which a group of laboratories analyses identical portions from a homogeneous, stable test sample, with each type being characterized by its intended purpose [2,3]:<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eurachem_Interlaboratory_comparisons_other_than_proficiency_testing_2_d9263807fb.jpg" alt="Eurachem: Interlaboratory comparisons other than proficiency testing" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eurachem_Interlaboratory_comparisons_other_than_proficiency_testing_2_d9263807fb.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1507" height="607">A key point is that PT is an ILC that is designed to specifically evaluate the performance of participants, providing them with an infrastructure to monitor and assess the validity of their results. This is not the key purpose of the two other ILCs, and thus depending on their intended purpose they have a number of limitations that laboratories need to be aware of when using them rather than PT. Only proficiency testing should have been conducted in full compliance to the competency standard ISO/IEC 17043 [4].&nbsp;<h4>Evaluation of measurement procedure performance&nbsp;</h4>These ILCs, are designed to assess how a particular measurement procedure performs and whether it is fit for its intended purpose. These ILCs are often referred to as a ‘method performance study’ or a ‘collaborative study’ [2]. Some limitations of using such ILCs for monitoring laboratory performance as an alternative to PT are:&nbsp;<ul><li>All participants use the same measurement procedure i.e. the measurement procedure that is being validated. Unless the measurement procedure is being routinely used by the participating laboratory such an ILC will not assess the routine performance of the laboratory using their own routine measurement procedure. Nor does it enable them to compare their performance with other laboratories using alternative measurement procedures.&nbsp;</li><li>The measurement procedure is likely to be new, so participants may not have established stable procedures and quality control, so performance may not reflect routine use.&nbsp;</li><li>The report from such an ILC would not provide information on the performance of the participant, if the statistical model used makes the assumption that all laboratories perform with equal variability.</li><li>The design of the study may require the participants to assess multiple samples and/or to undertake multiple replicate analysis on the test materials. This may not be representative of the routine measurements or tests undertaken by the laboratory.&nbsp;</li><li>The conclusion of the ILC might be that the measurement procedure being assessed is not valid.&nbsp;</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Eurachem_Interlaboratory_comparisons_other_than_proficiency_testing_3_a53ecd2f5d.jpg" alt="Eurachem: Interlaboratory comparisons other than proficiency testing" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Eurachem_Interlaboratory_comparisons_other_than_proficiency_testing_3_a53ecd2f5d.jpg 157w," sizes="100vw" width="570" height="566"><h4>Characterisation of candidate reference materials&nbsp;</h4>These are ILCs that assign a property value to a candidate reference material, usually with a stated measurement uncertainty. These are often referred to as a ‘material certification study’ [2]. Limitations of using such ILCs as an alternative to PT are:&nbsp;<ul><li>The analysis of the candidate reference material is likely to require additional care in exercising the routine measurement procedure, such as substantially more replication, and/or may require quite different reporting formats (e.g. all valid replicates instead of a mean result). Thus, such an ILC will not necessarily provide an evaluation of the performance of the laboratory based on the routine use of their measurement procedures.&nbsp;</li><li>The report from such an ILC may include the results from the participating laboratories but would not provide information on the performance of each laboratory.&nbsp;</li><li>Participating laboratories may be required to assess multiple samples and/or to undertake multiple replicate analysis on the candidate reference materials. Thus this may not be representative of the routine measurements or tests undertaken by the laboratory.&nbsp;</li></ul><h4>Other ILCs&nbsp;</h4>Some other ILCs, whilst not being conducted in full compliance of the requirements of ISO/IEC 17043, may be designed to evaluate participant performance. These would include small ILCs as defined by EA‑2/21 [5] or split sample ILCs i.e. where a portion of a single sample is sent to two or three laboratories. Whilst these ILCs are specifically designed to evaluate participant performance, they may not provide a comprehensive comparison that a PT might provide. In such cases the laboratory needs to evaluate carefully the competence of the organization managing the ILC and the suitability of the service externally provided (ISO/IEC 17025 clause 6.6).

Interlaboratory comparisons other than proficiency testing

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Waters/Wyatt DAWN™ Multi Angle Light Scattering (MALS) Detector

The world's most advanced light scattering instrument for absolute characterization of proteins, conjugates, macromolecules, and nanoparticles.

<h5>Premier MALS</h5>The DAWN instrument is the premier Multi-Angle static Light Scattering (MALS) detector for absolute characterization of the molar mass and size of macromolecules and nanoparticles in solution. It offers the highest sensitivity, the widest range of molecular weight, size, and concentration, and the largest selection of configurations and optional modules for enhanced capabilities.<h5>Separation First</h5>MALS is most often used in conjunction with a separation system such as Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC-MALS), Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC-MALS), or Field-Flow Fractionation (FFF-MALS) to determine distributions of mass, size, and composition, independent of column calibration by reference standards.<h5>Supported by ASTRA ™ &nbsp;Software</h5>ASTRA Software and its built-in analysis modules support the DAWN MALS instrument, providing the most versatile analysis available for online multi-angle and dynamic light scattering measurements.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_DAWN_MALS_HPLC_detektor_konfigurace_d5b83e46b2.jpg" alt="Waters DAWN™ Multi Angle Light Scattering (MALS) Instrument: ASTRA Software" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_DAWN_MALS_HPLC_detektor_konfigurace_d5b83e46b2.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1500" height="807"><h4>Product description</h4>The DAWN and its companion Optilab ™ &nbsp;dRI detector are the established benchmarks for MALS analysis, cited in thousands of peer-reviewed publications. Multi-angle light scattering detection is indispensable for use with GPC and HPLC-SEC in order to obtain reliable molecular mass distributions and information on molecular conformation, branching ratio, fragments and aggregates.SEC-MALS with a DAWN and Optilab characterizes conformation and branching of synthetic and natural polymers larger than 10 nm in rms radius R g . The addition of a ViscoStar ™&nbsp; differential viscometer creates a GPC triple-detection system that can analyze molecular conformation and size below the R g &nbsp;limit of 10 nm and determine Mark-Houwink Sakurada coefficients.The combination of a UV/Vis absorbance detector with a DAWN instrument and Optilab refractive index detector creates a UV-MALS-RI triple-detection system, for analysis of copolymers and protein conjugates (glycoproteins, PEGylated proteins, surfactant-bound membrane proteins, etc.). With the addition of a WyattQELS ™ &nbsp;DLS module for size determination, protein conformation may be analyzed.<ul><li>Mw &nbsp;from 200 Da to 1000 MDa</li><li>Sensitivity: 10 ng/mL 100 kDa polystyrene in THF, 0.4 µg/mL BSA (66.4 kDa) in PBS</li><li>Rg &nbsp;from 10 to 500 nm, up to 1000 nm with shape-specific models</li><li>Ultra-stable, high-power laser</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_DAWN_MALS_HPLC_detektor_konfigurace_1_98811a1e87.jpg" alt="Waters DAWN™ Multi Angle Light Scattering (MALS) Instrument: Accessories" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_DAWN_MALS_HPLC_detektor_konfigurace_1_98811a1e87.jpg 213w," sizes="100vw" width="1000" height="733">The DAWN may also be used in batch (off-line) mode to characterize the weight-average molar mass, z-average size and second virial coefficient of unfractionated samples.In conjunction with a Calypso ™ &nbsp;CG-MALS system, the DAWN characterizes macromolecular interactions, label-free and immobilization-free: affinity and absolute stoichiometry of self- and hetero-association of simple or complex molecular systems. The Calypso system also automates the determination of second virial coefficients, cross virial coefficients, average molar masses and sizes.<h5>Ultrasonic Cleaning Included</h5>Each DAWN instrument includes an embedded COMET ™ &nbsp;ultrasonic transducer that cleans the flow cell automatically by agitating the fluid and loosening particles from the glass surfaces.<h5>Temperature-Controlled Models</h5><ul><li>Ambient model</li><li>Ultra-High-Temperature (UHT) model, from ambient up to +210 °C</li><li>Standard Peltier heated/cooled (H/C) model, temperature control from -15 °C to +150 °C</li></ul><h4>Specifications</h4><h5>Measurement Capabilities</h5><ul><li>Molar Mass Range: From 200 Da to 1 GDa, depending on dn/dc, sample concentration, and chromatography conditions.</li><li>Molecular Size (Radius of Gyration, Rg): Approximately 10 nm to 500 nm, extendable to 1000 nm with shape-specific models.</li><li>Hydrodynamic Radius (Rh):<ul><li>Flow mode: 0.5 nm to 300 nm (depending on configuration and flow rate).</li><li>Batch mode: 0.5 nm to 1 µm (requires WyattQELS™ DLS module or DynaPro™ NanoStar™ with fiber optic connection).</li></ul></li><li>Sensitivity: Detects as little as 10 ng of 100 kDa polystyrene in THF or 200 ng of BSA in PBS, using a standard 7.8 mm x 300 mm SEC column and no post-column filter.</li></ul><h5>Fluidics and Compatibility</h5><ul><li>Mobile Phase: Compatible with both aqueous and organic solvents.</li><li>Wetted Materials: 316 stainless steel, fused silica or F2 glass, and Kalrez.</li></ul><h5>Optical System and Detectors</h5><ul><li>MALS Detectors: 18 photodiodes with high gain and wide dynamic range for multi-angle light scattering.</li><li>Auxiliary Detectors:<ul><li>Laser monitor for stabilization</li><li>Forward transmission monitor to improve data quality and correct for sample absorption</li></ul></li><li>Dynamic Range: 3,300,000:1</li><li>Optional DLS Detection:<ul><li>Integrated WyattQELS™ module inside the DAWN</li><li>External fiber optic connection with DynaPro NanoStar or Mobius DLS-ELS instruments</li></ul></li></ul><h5>Laser Specifications</h5><ul><li>Wavelength: Standard 658 nm ± 4 nm; optional 785 nm for fluorescent samples</li><li>Power Control: Programmable from 10% to 100%</li></ul><h5>Flow Cell Options</h5><ul><li>Fused Silica: Ideal for solvents with refractive index &lt; 1.50</li><li>F2 Glass: Recommended for solvents with refractive index &gt; 1.50</li></ul><h5>Temperature Control Options</h5><ul><li>Ambient operation</li><li>Heated/Cooled (HC): -15 °C to +150 °C</li><li>Ultra-High Temperature (UHT): Ambient to +210 °C</li></ul><h5>Electronics and Connectivity</h5><ul><li>Analog Inputs: 4 differential inputs, 24-bit resolution, range -10 V to +10 V</li><li>Analog Outputs: 2 outputs from selectable measurement channels, -10 V to +10 V</li><li>I/O Options: Alarm in/out, auto-inject control, and Orbit™ valve integration</li><li>Computer Interface: Ethernet</li><li>Display: 10.1” high-resolution capacitive touchscreen with multi-touch controls</li></ul><h5>Instrument Dimensions</h5><ul><li>Size: 58 cm (L) x 36 cm (W) x 26 cm (H)</li></ul><h4>Other MALS Instruments</h4><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1115">miniDAWN™</a> &nbsp;- Second only to the DAWN in sensitivity. Incorporates detectors at 3 angles to determine molar masses from 200 Da to 10 MDa and radii from 10 – 50 nm. Ambient only.</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1116">microDAWN™</a>&nbsp; - The first MALS detector for UHPLC, with interdetector dispersion as low as 1.5 µL. Incorporates detectors at 3 angles to determine molar masses from 200 Da to 20 MDa and radii from 10 – 50 nm. Ambient only.</li><li>ultraDAWN™ &nbsp;- Measures multi-angle light scattering and reports the results – weight-average molecular weight Mw &nbsp;and rms radius Rg &nbsp;– in real time.</li></ul>

Waters/Wyatt ViscoStar HPLC viscometer

Waters ViscoStar is a highly sensitive, on-line differential viscometer used in conjunction with SEC-MALS-IV to determine the size and conformation of all types of biopolymers, synthetic polymers and even proteins and peptides.

<h4>Highly Sensitive</h4>A highly sensitive, on-line differential viscometer used in conjunction with SEC-MALS-IV to determine the size and conformation of all types of biopolymers, synthetic polymers and even proteins and peptides.<h4>Multiple Novel Technologies</h4>The ViscoStar incorporates multiple novel technologies to provide the highest sensitivity, stability and solvent compatibility of any available viscometer for GPC. Its ease-of-use and serviceability make it the perfect companion for Wyatt's DAWN™ light scattering and Optilab™ refractive index detectors.<h4>Another path to polymer and protein characterization: SEC-MALS-IV</h4>When coupled with size-exclusion chromatography and a concentration detector such as the Optilab™ , the ViscoStar derives the intrinsic viscosity (IV) of polymers. An inherently valuable physico-chemical property in itself, IV is best utilized together with molar mass information from multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS-IV) to derive the hydrodynamic radius, conformation, and branching ratio of a macromolecule in solution.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Visco_Star_pump_pulse_suppression_with_inset_e8c2fbfc18.jpg" alt="Waters ViscoStar: Patented pulse compensation technology in the ViscoStar eliminates pump fluctuations. At the hardware level, the bridge is impedance matched for dynamic balance, greatly reducing the effect of pump pulses. An additional layer of software filtering eliminates residual pump pulses." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Visco_Star_pump_pulse_suppression_with_inset_e8c2fbfc18.jpg 233w," sizes="100vw" width="348" height="233"><h5>Key benefits of the ViscoStar</h5><ul><li>High sensitivity, equivalent to 100 ng of 100 kDa polystyrene in THF at 1.0 mL/min injected onto a standard GPC column</li><li>High dynamic range of over 135,000:1. The full measurement range corresponds to over 13 mg/mL of 100 kDa polystyrene in THF</li><li>Extended solvent compatibility with all-316 stainless steel transducers</li><li>Temperature range from 4 °C to 70 °C for polymers or proteins that require a range of temperatures</li><li>Minimal band broadening thanks to fast pressure transducers</li><li>Pump pulse suppression to below 4 Pa (hardware alone) or 1 Pa (hardware + software) without loss of chromatographic resolution</li><li>Automated capillary bridge tuning with no moving parts, to guarantee a perfectly balanced bridge, every run</li><li>Enhanced thermal stability with drift of &lt;2.5 Pa/hour</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Visco_Star_cmc_plga_intrinsic_viscosity_graphs_be99c5d115.jpg" alt="Waters ViscoStar: The ViscoStar provides the highest available dynamic range and sensitivity in online viscometry. This graph shows the intrinsic viscosities of 1) poly(lactic co-glycolic acid), or PLGA, in THF and 2) carboxymethyl cellulose, or CMC, in aqueous mobile phase, both measured with a ViscoStar and Optilab, spanning a range from tens to thousands of mL/g. The same instruments readily measure intrinsic viscosity values in the low single digits with excellent signal-to-noise, even at very low concentrations." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Visco_Star_cmc_plga_intrinsic_viscosity_graphs_be99c5d115.jpg 236w," sizes="100vw" width="406" height="268"><h5>SEC-IV without MALS?</h5>Yes, as much as we love MALS for optimal polymer analysis, it's true that there are occasions when it just won't fit the bill.Universal calibration is a parallel technique to SEC-MALS for determining molecular weight, commonly used to characterize linear polymers. While universal calibration overcomes some of the problematic issues associated with column calibration by reference molecules, it does not account for non-ideal column behavior caused by chemical solute-column interactions or hyperbranching.Universal calibration is particularly-well suited to replace MALS for:<ul><li>Strongly fluorescent polymers, in particular those not adequately addressed by a DAWN™ with long-wavelength (785 nm) laser or a standard DAWN (685 nm) with fluorescence-blocking filters.</li><li>Weakly-scattering polymer/solvent systems with very low dn/dc values</li></ul>The Mark-Houwink-Sakurada relationship makes use of empirical relationships between intrinsic viscosity and molar mass, specific to each polymer and solvent, to estimate molar mass from SEC-IV measurements. Of course, the best way to determine MHS coefficients is to measure them using SEC-MALS-IV and ASTRA™!<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Visco_Star_v3_protein_rh_measurements_0951d3769a.jpg" alt="Waters ViscoStar: Three IgG proteins with similar MWs eluted at different elution volumes. To understand their different elution properties, online DLS is typically used to measure the hydrodynamic radius, R h , of a protein. However, online DLS did not provide reliable insights, in this case due to the relatively high experimental uncertainty of the DLS. The precise Rh values obtained with a MALS detector and the ViscoStar III, on the other hand, clearly revealed the causes. IgG B eluted later than IgG A due to its more compact structure; IgG C had a slight interaction with the SEC column." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Visco_Star_v3_protein_rh_measurements_0951d3769a.jpg 237w," sizes="100vw" width="401" height="264"><h4>Specifications</h4><h5>Measurement Capabilities – Differential Viscosity</h5><ul><li>Sensitivity: Detects as little as 0.1 µg of 100 kDa polystyrene in THF at 1 mL/min under typical GPC conditions.</li><li>Differential Pressure Performance:<ul><li>Noise: &lt; 0.05 Pa</li><li>Range: 6.9 kPa, with built-in overpressure protection</li><li>Drift: &lt; 2.5 Pa/hr</li><li>Linearity: Within 0.5% of full scale</li><li>Dynamic Range: 135,000:1</li></ul></li><li>Capillary Bridge Autobalance: Thermally regulated, leak-free mechanism ensures stable baseline and precision.</li><li>Sample Shear Rate: Up to 5000 Hz with water at 1 mL/min</li></ul><h5>Fluidics and Flow Compatibility</h5><ul><li>Maximum Flow Rate:<ul><li>Aqueous: 1.5 mL/min</li><li>THF: 3 mL/min</li></ul></li><li>Delay Volume Options: Configurable at 16.2, 10.8, or 5.4 mL; optional factory-installed upgrade to 32.4 mL (Note: actual column fluid volume is approx. half the listed value)</li><li>Maximum Inlet-to-Outlet Pressure: 690 kPa</li><li>Wetted Materials: 316 stainless steel, PTFE, zirconium silicate, Kalrez, Inconel, and 26-1 stainless steel – all selected for chemical resistance and long-term durability</li></ul><h5>Temperature Control</h5><ul><li>Operating Range: 4 °C to 70 °C</li><li>Stability: Maintains temperature within &lt; 0.005 °C for precise measurements</li><li>Ambient Conditions: 0 °C to 40 °C; relative humidity 20% to 70%</li></ul><h5>Electronics and Connectivity</h5><ul><li>Digital Output: 20-bit resolution at 10 Hz for high-fidelity data</li><li>Auxiliary I/O:<ul><li>Inputs: Autoinject contact closure, Alarm In, and 2 analog inputs (18-bit, ±10 V)</li><li>Outputs: Autoinject retransmit, Alarm Out, Recycle Out</li></ul></li><li>Communication Interface: Ethernet for seamless integration into lab networks and data systems</li></ul><h5>User Interface</h5><ul><li>Front Panel Display: 7” (178 mm) high-resolution capacitive touchscreen for monitoring signals, diagnostics, and adjusting settings with ease</li></ul><h5>Instrument Dimensions</h5><ul><li>Size: 58 cm (L) × 36 cm (W) × 18 cm (H)</li></ul><h4>Other Viscometers</h4><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1267">microViscoStar™ </a>- Similar to the ViscoStar but designed specifically for use with UHPLC/APC.</li></ul>

Waters/Wyatt microViscoStar viscometer

The Waters microViscoStar incorporates multiple novel technologies to provide the highest sensitivity, stability and solvent compatibility of any available viscometer for UHPLC. 

<h4>Highly Sensitive</h4>A highly sensitive, on-line differential viscometer used with SEC-MALS-IV to determine the size and conformation of polymers, proteins and peptides separated by UHPLC.<h4>Multiple Novel Technologies</h4>The microViscoStar™ incorporates multiple novel technologies to provide the highest sensitivity, stability and solvent compatibility of any available viscometer for UHPLC. Its ease-of-use and serviceability make it the perfect companion for Wyatt's microDAWN™ light scattering and microOptilab™ refractive index detectors for UHPLC.<h4>Another path to polymer and protein characterization: SEC-MALS-IV</h4>When coupled with size-exclusion chromatography and a concentration detector such as the Optilab™ , the microViscoStar derives the intrinsic viscosity (IV) of polymers. An inherently valuable physico-chemical property in itself, IV is best utilized together with molar mass information from multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS-IV) to derive the hydrodynamic radius, conformation, and branching ratio of a macromolecule in solution.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Waters_Visco_Star_pump_pulse_suppression_with_inset_e8c2fbfc18.jpg" alt="Waters microViscoStar: Patented pulse compensation technology in the microViscoStar eliminates pump fluctuations. At the hardware level, the bridge is impedance-matched for dynamic balance, greatly reducing the effect of pump pulses. An additional layer of software filtering eliminates residual pump pulses." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Waters_Visco_Star_pump_pulse_suppression_with_inset_e8c2fbfc18.jpg 233w," sizes="100vw" width="348" height="233"><h5>Key benefits of the ViscoStar</h5><ul><li>High sensitivity, equivalent to 5 ng of 100 kDa polystyrene in THF at 1.0 mL/min injected onto a standard GPC column</li><li>High dynamic range of over 135,000:1. The full measurement range corresponds to over 13 mg/mL of 100 kDa polystyrene in THF</li><li>Extended solvent compatibility with all-316 stainless steel transducers</li><li>Temperature range from 4 °C to 70 °C for polymers or proteins that require a range of temperatures</li><li>Minimal band broadening thanks to fast pressure transducers</li><li>Pump pulse suppression to below 4 Pa (hardware alone) or 1 Pa (hardware + software) without loss of chromatographic resolution</li><li>Automated capillary bridge tuning with no moving parts, to guarantee a perfectly balanced bridge, every run</li><li>Enhanced thermal stability with drift of &lt;1.25 Pa/hour</li></ul><h4>SEC-IV without MALS?</h4>Yes, as much as we love MALS for optimal polymer analysis, it's true that there are occasions when it just won't fit the bill.Universal calibration is a parallel technique to SEC-MALS for determining molecular weight, commonly used to characterize linear polymers. While universal calibration overcomes some of the problematic issues associated with column calibration by reference molecules, it does not account for non-ideal column behavior caused by chemical solute-column interactions or hyperbranching.Universal calibration is particularly-well suited to replace MALS for:<ul><li>Strongly fluorescent polymers</li><li>Weakly-scattering polymer/solvent systems with very low dn/dc values</li></ul>The Mark-Houwink-Sakurada relationship makes use of empirical relationships between intrinsic viscosity and molar mass, specific to each polymer and solvent, to estimate molar mass from SEC-IV measurements. Of course, the best way to determine MHS coefficients is to measure them using SEC-MALS-IV and ASTRA™<h4>Specifications</h4><h5>Measurement Capabilities – Differential Viscosity</h5><ul><li>Sensitivity: Detects as little as 5 ng of 100 kDa polystyrene in THF at 1 mL/min under typical UHPLC-SEC conditions.</li><li>Differential Pressure Performance:<ul><li>Noise: &lt; 0.05 Pa</li><li>Range: Up to 6.9 kPa, with overpressure protection</li><li>Drift: &lt; 1.25 Pa/hr</li><li>Linearity: Within 0.5% of full scale</li><li>Dynamic Range: 135,000:1</li></ul></li><li>Capillary Bridge Autobalance: Thermal, leak-free mechanism ensures stable baseline performance.</li><li>Sample Shear Rate: Up to 15,000 Hz with water at 1 mL/min for high-resolution viscosity profiling.</li></ul><h5>Fluidics and Compatibility</h5><ul><li>Maximum Flow Rate: Aqueous and THF: up to 1 mL/min (Note: Using an inline UV detector may reduce allowable flow rate.)</li><li>Delay Volume: 5.4 mL</li><li>Maximum Inlet-to-Outlet Pressure: 3000 kPa (435 psi)</li><li>Wetted Materials: 316 stainless steel, PTFE, zirconium silicate, Kalrez®, Inconel, 26-1 stainless steel, and nickel</li></ul><blockquote>Note: Due to the location of wetted components, this instrument is primarily recommended for use with organic solvents. High-ionic-strength buffers may cause corrosion.</blockquote><h5>Temperature Control</h5><ul><li>Operating Range: 4 °C to 70 °C</li><li>Stability: Maintains temperature within &lt; 0.005 °C</li><li>Ambient Conditions: 0 °C to 40 °C; 20% to 70% relative humidity</li></ul><h5>Electronics and Connectivity</h5><ul><li>Digital Output: 20-bit resolution at 10 Hz</li><li>Auxiliary I/O:<ul><li>Inputs: Autoinject contact closure, Alarm In, and 2 analog inputs (16-bit, ±10 V)</li><li>Outputs: Autoinject retransmit, Alarm Out, Recycle Out</li></ul></li><li>Communication Interface: Ethernet</li></ul><h5>User Interface</h5><ul><li>Front Panel Display: 7” (178 mm) high-resolution, capacitive multi-touch screen for real-time monitoring, configuration, and diagnostics</li></ul><h5>Instrument Dimensions</h5><ul><li>Size: 60 cm (L) × 36 cm (W) × 17 cm (H)</li></ul><h4>Other Viscometers</h4><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1117">ViscoStar™</a> - A highly sensitive, on-line differential viscometer used in conjunction with SEC-MALS to determine the size and conformation of all types of biopolymers, synthetic polymers and even proteins and peptides.</li><li>The ViscoStar incorporates multiple novel technologies to provide the highest sensitivity, stability and solvent compatibility of any available viscometer for GPC. Its ease-of-use and serviceability make it the perfect companion for Wyatt's DAWN® light scattering and Optilab® refractive index detectors. Temperature-controlled from 4 °C to 70 °C .</li></ul>

Waters/Wyatt Optilab On-line Differential Refractometer

The Waters Optilab is a unique dRI detector for standard HPLC/GPC with 256 times the detection power and 50 times the dynamic range of every other RI detector for chromatography in existence today, making it a valuable addition to any MALS setup.

<h4>Independent of Chromaphores</h4>Independent of chromaphores or fluorophores, differential Refractive Index (dRI) detectors serve as accurate and versatile concentration detectors in all types of solvents. dRI is part of standard instrumentation for a variety of macromolecular characterization techniques including standard chromatography, SEC-MALS, FFF-MALS and CG-MALS.<h4>Unique dRI Detector</h4>The Optilab is a unique dRI detector for standard HPLC/GPC with 256 times the detection power and 50 times the dynamic range of every other RI detector for chromatography in existence today, making it a valuable addition to any MALS setup.<h4>Product Description</h4>Using a combination of cutting-edge semiconductor photodiode technology and proprietary computer algorithms, the Optilab achieves an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and range. These features mean that it addresses both standard chromatographic applications and some challenges unique to light scattering measurements such as high concentrations, determination of sample refractive increments (dn/dc) and solvent refractive index.<h5>Key Benefits</h5><ul><li>Extraordinary dRI measurement range, -0.0047 to +0.0047 RIU (comparable to 25 mg/mL protein in PBS)</li><li>Highly sensitive, ±7.5 x 10 -10 &nbsp;RIU across the entire measurement range</li><li>Measures solvent absolute refractive index, required for MALS calculations</li><li>Measures at the same wavelength as the MALS detector, for maximum accuracy in MALS calculations</li><li>Band broadening &lt; 20 µL preserves SEC resolution</li><li>Temperature range 4 °C to 65 °C for proteins and polymers that require a range of temperatures</li><li>High-resolution, touch-screen front panel displays data graphs and diagnostics, even with the host computer turned off</li></ul><h5>Unparalleled Features</h5>Even though the Optilab offers a dRI measurement range orders of magnitude beyond that of other dRI detectors, unlike other detectors there are no range or gain settings in the Optilab. The full range of instrument detection is always present, and the full sensitivity exists over the entire range.The Optilab can also do something no other on-line refractive index detector can: it can measure the absolute refractive index of a solution. In addition, it can measure the dn/dc of a solvent at the same wavelength of light as the light scattering instrument. And just to make sure it can't be matched, you can replace the light source in the Optilab for other wavelengths (e.g., 690, 633, 488, etc.) in just minutes!The Optilab can go below ambient temperatures as easily as above ambient. No hassle temperature control can be programmed from 4 °C to 65 °C. Compatible with all HPLC systems.<h4>Specifications</h4><h5>Measurement Capabilities – Differential Refractive Index</h5>Standard Optilab Configuration<ul><li>Measurement Range: –0.0047 to +0.0047 RIU</li><li>Peak-to-Peak Noise: ±7.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ RIU (Measured per ASTM-E1303-95 at 25 °C)</li></ul>High Concentration (HC) Option<ul><li>Measurement Range: –0.0026 to +0.034 RIU</li><li>Peak-to-Peak Noise: ±1.5 × 10⁻⁹ RIU (Optimized for higher concentration samples)</li><li>Response Time: User-selectable from 0.1 to 5 seconds</li><li>Absolute Refractive Index Measurement Range: 1.2 to 1.8 RIU</li><li>Absolute RI Sensitivity: ±0.002 RIU</li></ul>Fluidics and Flow Properties<ul><li>Band Broadening: &lt;12 µL</li><li>Fill Volume (Inlet Tubing + Flow Cell): 51.4 µL</li><li>Outlet Tubing Volume (0.030" ID): 370 µL</li></ul>Pressure Ratings<ul><li>Inlet Back Pressure (0.5 mL/min H₂O @ 20 °C): &lt;22 psi (1.5 bar)</li><li>Max Outlet Back Pressure: 30 psi (2 bar)</li></ul>Temperature Control<ul><li>Sample Temperature Control Range: 4 °C to 65 °C</li><li>Regulation Stability: ±0.005 °C</li></ul>Light Source Options<ul><li>Standard: 660 nm</li><li>HC Model (Optional): 488 nm, 785 nm, or 940 nm</li></ul>Safety Features<ul><li>Built-in vapor and liquid leak sensors for enhanced lab safety</li></ul>Electronics and Connectivity<ul><li>Digital Output: 22+ bit resolution @ 10 Hz</li><li>Analog Output: ±10 V or ±1 V, 18-bit resolution</li><li>Computer Interface: Ethernet</li></ul>Auxiliary I/O Ports<ul><li>Inputs:<ul><li>Analog In (16-bit, ±10 V A/D)</li><li>Zero dRI</li><li>Purge</li><li>Recycle In</li><li>Autoinject In</li><li>Alarm In</li></ul></li><li>Outputs:<ul><li>Autoinject Retransmit</li><li>Alarm Out</li><li>Recycle Out (controls Orbit™ valve switching)</li></ul></li></ul>User Interface<ul><li>Front Panel Display: 7” (178 mm) high-resolution multi-touch screen for viewing signals, diagnostics, and adjusting instrument settings</li></ul>Instrument Dimensions<ul><li>Size: 58 cm (L) × 36 cm (W) × 18 cm (H)</li></ul><h4>Other Refractive Index Detectors</h4><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1269">microOptilab™</a> - The first RI detector specifically designed for use with all UHPLC systems.</li></ul>

Waters/Wyatt microOptilab On-line Differential Refractometer

The Waters microOptilab brings the universal detection capabilities, unsurpassed concentration range, and superb sensitivity and linearity

<h4>Independent of Chromaphores</h4>Independent of chromaphores or fluorophores, differential Refractive Index (dRI) detectors measure concentrations of all types of samples in almost all solvents. The microOptilab brings the universal detection capabilities, unsurpassed concentration range, and superb sensitivity and linearity – familiar from the Optilab™ – to the domain of UHPLC.<h4>SEC-MALS with UHPLC</h4>Like standard SEC, UHPLC-SEC analysis relying on column calibration with molecular standards is unreliable when the standards do not accurately reflect your samples in terms of conformation, non-ideal (e.g., hydrophobic) column interactions or reversible association. SEC-MALS employs a microDAWN™ MALS detector downstream of the SEC column and UV detector, to determine molar mass / molecular weight distributions of macromolecules independently of column calibration.Refractive index detection is an important component of any SEC-MALS system, and necessary for analyzing conjugated proteins or polymers devoid of chromaphores. The microOptilab connects with the microDAWN MALS detector for a complete UHP-SEC-MALS setup that transfers the many benefits of SEC-MALS analysis to the realm of UHPLC.<h5>Key benefits</h5><ul><li>Very low band broadening, &lt; 4 µL, to maintain the resolution of very narrow UHPLC peaks</li><li>Extraordinary dRI measurement range, -4.7 x 10 -3 &nbsp;to +4.7 x 10 -3 &nbsp;RIU (comparable to 25 mg/mL protein in PBS)</li><li>Highly sensitive, ± 1.5 x 10 -9 &nbsp;RIU across the entire measurement range</li><li>Measures solvent refractive index, require for MALS calculations</li><li>Measures at the same wavelength as the MALS detector, for maximum accuracy in MALS calculations</li><li>Temperature range 4 °C to 65 °C for proteins and polymers that require a range of temperatures</li><li>High-resolution, touch-screen front panel displays data graphs and instrument diagnostics, even with the host computer turned off</li></ul><h5>Unparalleled features</h5><ul><li>Considering the extremely small peak volumes of UHPLC, band broadening in the microOptilab is kept to the absolute minimum, at less than 4 µL, as compared to 20 - 40 µL or more for standard RI detectors. As a result, the superior resolution from UHPLC columns and instruments will not be compromised with the microOptilab RI detector.</li><li>Even though the microOptilab offers a dRI measurement range orders of magnitude beyond that of other UHPLC dRI detectors, unlike other detectors there are no range or gain settings in the microOptilab. The full range of instrument detection is always present, and the full sensitivity exists over the entire range. The small flow cell and proprietary temperature regulation enable stable RI baselines and signals which further enhance the detector's sensitivity.</li><li>Unlike all other dRI detectors, the microOptilab also measures absolute refractive index in order to determine solvent RI, necessary in light scattering calculations and useful in assessing the accuracy of mixing of solvent gradients.</li><li>The microOptilab can be operated below ambient temperatures as easily as above ambient. No hassle temperature control can be programmed down to 4 °C or as high as 65 °C.</li><li>The microOptilab is compatible with all UHPLC systems.</li></ul><h4>Specifications</h4><h5>Measurement Capabilities – Differential Refractive Index</h5><ul><li>Differential RI Measurement Range: –0.0047 to +0.0047 RIU</li><li>Peak-to-Peak Noise: ±1.5 × 10⁻⁹ RIU (Measured per ASTM-E1303-95 at 25 °C with a 0.5 sec collection interval)</li><li>Response Time: User-selectable from 0.04 to 5 seconds</li><li>Absolute Refractive Index Range: 1.2 to 1.8 RIU</li><li>Absolute RI Sensitivity: ±0.002 RIU</li></ul>Fluidics and Flow Properties<ul><li>Band Broadening: &lt;4 µL (at 0.3 mL/min)</li><li>Fill Volume (Inlet Tubing + Flow Cell): 13.7 µL</li><li>Outlet Tubing Volume (0.030” ID): 228 µL</li></ul>Pressure Ratings<ul><li>Inlet Back Pressure (0.5 mL/min H₂O @ 20 °C): &lt;320 psi (22 bar)</li><li>Maximum Permissible Outlet Pressure: 30 psi (2 bar)</li></ul>Temperature Control<ul><li>Control Range: 4 °C to 65 °C</li><li>Stability: ±0.005 °C for precise thermal regulation</li></ul>Optical Source and Safety<ul><li>Light Source: 660 nm wavelength</li><li>Safety Sensors: Integrated vapor and liquid leak detection</li></ul>Electronics and Connectivity<ul><li>Digital Output Rate: 25 Hz</li><li>Analog Output: ±10 V or ±1 V, 18-bit resolution</li><li>Computer Interface: Ethernet for seamless data connectivity</li></ul>Auxiliary I/O Ports<ul><li>Inputs:<ul><li>Analog In (16-bit, ±10 V A/D)</li><li>Zero dRI</li><li>Purge</li><li>Recycle In</li><li>Autoinject In</li><li>Alarm In</li></ul></li><li>Outputs:<ul><li>Autoinject Retransmit</li><li>Alarm Out</li><li>Recycle Out (Orbit™ valve switching)</li></ul></li></ul>User Interface<ul><li>Display: 7” (178 mm) high-resolution multi-touch screen for viewing live signals, diagnostics, and configuring instrument settings</li></ul>Instrument Dimensions<ul><li>Size: 58 cm (L) × 36 cm (W) × 18 cm (H)</li></ul><h4>Other Refractive Index Detectors</h4><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1268">Optilab™</a> - A unique on-line differential refractometer for measuring concentration of any macromolecule, regardless of chromophores. Temperature controlled from 4 °C to 65 °C. The high-concentration option accommodates protein concentration up to 180 mg/mL.</li></ul>

Watrex SCI-AQUA ROWAPUR BASIC Water Purification System

Fully automatic system for the preparation of pure water based on reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis membrane is protected by three-stage pre-filtration consisting of sediment filter and two carbon adsorption filters.

Fully automatic system for the preparation of pure water based on reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis membrane is protected by three-stage pre-filtration consisting of sediment filter and two carbon adsorption filters.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/water-purification/reverse-osmosis-systems/sci-aqua-basic/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex SCI-AQUA BASIC</a> is driven by water pressure from water distribution network, it does not require electric power. It prepares water free of mechanical impurities, chlorine, 95-99% of all dissolved substances are removed.&nbsp;Depending on input water composition and supply pressure the output water has a specific conductivity in the range of 10-20 µS/cm.Price: <bdi>384&nbsp;€</bdi> ex. VAT<h4>Features</h4><ul><li>Removes 95 – 99% of dissolved substances</li><li>Typical specific conductivity of produced water 10 – 20 µS/cm</li><li>6 to 12 months filters lifetime</li><li>2 – 5 years RO membrane lifetime</li><li>No electricity is required for operation</li><li>Supplied from water distribution network</li></ul><h4>Technical specification</h4><ul><li>Daily production capacity: 50 – 70 liters</li><li>Input water pressure: 0,3 – 0,7 MPa</li><li>Input water temperature: &lt; 35 °C</li><li>Maximum input water TDS: 1200 mg/l</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg" alt="Watrex: Water purification systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2286" height="1130">Basic requirements for laboratory operations include the easy availability of pure laboratory water in the necessary quantity and quality. Distillation, a popular technique for producing purified water in the past, has virtually completely supplanted by less energy-intensive and operationally dependable alternatives today. Reverse osmosis is the foundation of the majority of contemporary systems for producing purified water; in reality, this principle is supplemented with adsorption, ion exchange, filtration, ultrafiltration, and other physical-chemical techniques.

Watrex SCI-AQUA ROWAPUR DEMI 90 Water Purification System

Fully automatic system for the preparation of clean water based on reverse osmosis combined with purification by a mixed ion exchanger.

Fully automatic system for the preparation of clean water based on reverse osmosis combined with purification by a mixed ion exchanger. Reverse osmosis membrane is protected by two-stage pre-filtration consisting of sediment and carbon filter.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/water-purification/reverse-osmosis-systems/rowapur-demi-90/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex ROWAPUR DEMI</a> is driven by water pressure from water distribution network, it does not require electric power.The output water has a specific conductivity less than &lt;1 µS/cm. The system includes a conductivity tester with optical indication of output water quality.Price: <bdi>761 €</bdi> ex. VAT<h4>Features</h4><ul><li>Specific conductivity of produced water &lt;1 µS/cm</li><li>6 to 12 months filters lifetime</li><li>2 – 5 years RO membrane lifetime</li><li>1000 – 2000 liters polishing filter capacity</li><li>No electricity is required for operation</li><li>Supplied from water distribution network</li></ul><h4>Technical specification</h4><ul><li>Specific conductivity of produced water: &lt; 1 µS/cm</li><li>Daily production capacity:&nbsp;up to 90 liters</li><li>Input water pressure:&nbsp;0,3 – 0,7 MPa</li><li>Input water temperature:&nbsp;&lt; 35 °C</li><li>Maximum input water TDS:&nbsp;1200 mg/l</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg" alt="Watrex: Water purification systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2286" height="1130">Basic requirements for laboratory operations include the easy availability of pure laboratory water in the necessary quantity and quality. Distillation, a popular technique for producing purified water in the past, has virtually completely supplanted by less energy-intensive and operationally dependable alternatives today. Reverse osmosis is the foundation of the majority of contemporary systems for producing purified water; in reality, this principle is supplemented with adsorption, ion exchange, filtration, ultrafiltration, and other physical-chemical techniques.

Watrex SCI-AQUA ROWAPUR DEMI 180 Water Purification System

Fully automatic system for the preparation of clean water based on reverse osmosis combined with purification by a mixed ion exchanger. Reverse osmosis membrane is protected by two-stage pre-filtration consisting of sediment and carbon filter.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/water-purification/reverse-osmosis-systems/rowapur-demi-180/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex ROWAPUR DEMI</a> is driven by water pressure from water distribution network, it does not require electric power.The output water has a specific conductivity less than &lt;1 µS/cm. The system includes a conductivity tester with optical indication of output water quality.Price: 833<bdi> €</bdi> ex. VAT<h4>Features</h4><ul><li>Specific conductivity of produced water &lt;1 µS/cm</li><li>6 to 12 months filters lifetime</li><li>2 – 5 years RO membrane lifetime</li><li>1000 – 2000 liters polishing filter capacity</li><li>No electricity is required for operation</li><li>Supplied from water distribution network</li></ul><h4>Technical specification</h4><ul><li>Specific conductivity of produced water: &lt; 1 µS/cm</li><li>Daily production capacity:&nbsp;up to 180 liters</li><li>Input water pressure:&nbsp;0,3 – 0,7 MPa</li><li>Input water temperature:&nbsp;&lt; 35 °C</li><li>Maximum input water TDS:&nbsp;1200 mg/l</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg" alt="Watrex: Water purification systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2286" height="1130">Basic requirements for laboratory operations include the easy availability of pure laboratory water in the necessary quantity and quality. Distillation, a popular technique for producing purified water in the past, has virtually completely supplanted by less energy-intensive and operationally dependable alternatives today. Reverse osmosis is the foundation of the majority of contemporary systems for producing purified water; in reality, this principle is supplemented with adsorption, ion exchange, filtration, ultrafiltration, and other physical-chemical techniques.

Watrex SCI-AQUA ROWAPUR 090 Water Purification System

Fully automatic system for the preparation of pure water based on reverse osmosis.

Fully automatic system for the preparation of pure water based on reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis membrane is protected by three-stage pre-filtration consisting of sediment filter and two carbon adsorption filters.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/water-purification/reverse-osmosis-systems/rowapur-90/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex ROWAPUR</a> is driven by water pressure from water distribution network, it does not require electric power.It prepares water free of mechanical impurities, chlorine, 95-99% of all dissolved substances are removed. Depending on input water composition and supply pressure the output water has a specific conductivity in the range of 10-20 µS/cm.Price: 500<bdi>&nbsp;€</bdi> ex. VAT<h4>Features</h4><ul><li>Removes 95 – 99% of dissolved substances</li><li>Typical specific conductivity of produced water 10 – 20 µS/cm</li><li>6 to 12 months filters lifetime</li><li>2 – 5 years RO membrane lifetime</li><li>No electricity is required for operation</li><li>Supplied from water distribution network</li></ul><h4>Technical specification</h4><ul><li>Daily production capacity:&nbsp;up to 90 liters</li><li>Input water pressure:&nbsp;0,3 – 0,7 MPa</li><li>Input water temperature:&nbsp;&lt; 35 °C</li><li>Maximum input water TDS: 1200 mg/l</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg" alt="Watrex: Water purification systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2286" height="1130">Basic requirements for laboratory operations include the easy availability of pure laboratory water in the necessary quantity and quality. Distillation, a popular technique for producing purified water in the past, has virtually completely supplanted by less energy-intensive and operationally dependable alternatives today. Reverse osmosis is the foundation of the majority of contemporary systems for producing purified water; in reality, this principle is supplemented with adsorption, ion exchange, filtration, ultrafiltration, and other physical-chemical techniques.

Watrex SCI-AQUA ROWAPUR 180 Water Purification System

Fully automatic system for the preparation of pure water based on reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis membrane is protected by three-stage pre-filtration consisting of sediment filter and two carbon adsorption filters.<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://watrex.com/obchod/water-purification/reverse-osmosis-systems/rowapur-180-reverse-osmosis-system/?utm_source=labrulez&amp;utm_medium=propagace&amp;utm_campaign=labrulez_produkty">Watrex ROWAPUR</a> is driven by water pressure from water distribution network, it does not require electric power.It prepares water free of mechanical impurities, chlorine, 95-99% of all dissolved substances are removed. Depending on input water composition and supply pressure the output water has a specific conductivity in the range of 10-20 µS/cm.Price: 541<bdi>&nbsp;€</bdi> ex. VAT<h4>Features</h4><ul><li>Removes 95 – 99% of dissolved substances</li><li>Typical specific conductivity of produced water 10 – 20 µS/cm</li><li>6 to 12 months filters lifetime</li><li>2 – 5 years RO membrane lifetime</li><li>No electricity is required for operation</li><li>Supplied from water distribution network</li></ul><h4>Technical specification</h4><ul><li>Daily production capacity:&nbsp;up to 180 liters</li><li>Input water pressure:&nbsp;0,3 – 0,7 MPa</li><li>Input water temperature:&nbsp;&lt; 35 °C</li><li>Maximum input water TDS: 1200 mg/l</li></ul><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg" alt="Watrex: Water purification systems" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Watrex_Water_purification_systems_8810a2c48a.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="2286" height="1130">Basic requirements for laboratory operations include the easy availability of pure laboratory water in the necessary quantity and quality. Distillation, a popular technique for producing purified water in the past, has virtually completely supplanted by less energy-intensive and operationally dependable alternatives today. Reverse osmosis is the foundation of the majority of contemporary systems for producing purified water; in reality, this principle is supplemented with adsorption, ion exchange, filtration, ultrafiltration, and other physical-chemical techniques.

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