This guide explains how to select an appropriate size exclusion chromatography (SEC) column for the analysis of biologics. SEC separates molecules based on their hydrodynamic radius, reflecting their size and shape rather than molecular weight.<ul><li>Molecules penetrate the pores of the stationary phase</li><li>There are no chemical interactions with the stationary phase</li><li>Larger molecules elute faster</li><li>Smaller molecules elute later</li></ul><h3>Principle of SEC Separation</h3>The separation mechanism is based on molecular size:Large molecules → do not enter the pores → travel through the interstitial spaces between particles → elute earlierSmall molecules → enter the pores → follow a longer path → elute later<h3>Key Parameters for Column Selection</h3><h4>1. Molecule Nature</h4>Start by evaluating:<ul><li>hydrodynamic radius</li><li>molecular shape</li></ul>Examples:<ul><li>Peptides: ~0.7 nm</li><li>Large biomolecules (e.g., AAVs): ~25 nm</li><li>mRNA: elongated, non-globular structure</li></ul><h4>2. Pore Size Selection</h4>The pore size of the stationary phase should be:<ul><li>3–4 times larger than the hydrodynamic radius of the target molecule</li></ul><h4>3. Particle Size</h4><ul><li>≤ 3 µm</li><li>ensures high separation efficiency</li></ul><h4>4. Stationary Phase Material</h4><ul><li>Prefer mechanically robust media, such as silica</li><li>Capable of withstanding high back pressure</li></ul><h4>5. Surface Chemistry</h4><ul><li>Chemical surface inertness is critical</li><li>Diol chemistry is preferred, because:<ul><li>it minimizes interactions</li><li>it provides a highly hydrophilic surface</li></ul></li></ul><h4>6. Column Hardware</h4><ul><li>Use bio-inert hardware</li><li>ensures:<ul><li>minimal analyte loss</li><li>high reproducibility</li></ul></li></ul><h3>Available SEC Column Options (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products?category=353&amp;manufacturerItems=50&amp;search=dsec">BioZen dSEC Family</a>)</h3><h4>1. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2192">90 Å (9 nm)</a></h4><ul><li>peptides</li><li>small proteins</li><li>aggregates up to ~50 kDa</li></ul><h4>2. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1534">200 Å</a></h4><ul><li>antibodies</li><li>antibody–drug conjugates</li><li>short oligonucleotides</li></ul><h4>3. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1535">700 Å (70 nm)</a></h4><ul><li>AAVs</li><li>mRNA</li><li>large protein complexes (e.g., IgM)</li></ul><h3>Column Characteristics</h3><ul><li>silica-based particles</li><li>diol surface chemistry (hydrophilic, inert)</li><li>bio-inert hardware</li><li>designed for:<ul><li>high recovery</li><li>high reproducibility</li></ul></li></ul><h3>Performance and Calibration</h3><h4>Proteins and AAVs</h4><ul><li>90 Å → low molecular weight (up to ~50 kDa)</li><li>200 Å → medium range (up to ~450–500 kDa)</li><li>700 Å → large molecules (including AAVs)</li></ul><h4>RNA and DNA</h4><ul><li>separation of molecules with non-globular shapes</li><li>200 Å → smaller oligonucleotides</li><li>700 Å → larger nucleic acid chains (up to ~3000–4000 nucleotides)</li></ul><h3>Conclusion</h3>Selecting the correct SEC column requires:<ul><li>understanding molecule size and shape</li><li>choosing an appropriate pore size</li><li>selecting suitable particle size</li><li>ensuring inert surface chemistry and bio-inert hardware</li></ul>This enables optimal separation of a wide range of biologics.

How to Select the Right SEC Column for the Analysis of Biologics

<h4>The science behind gummy candies</h4>Who can resist colourful, fruity gummy candies 🍬 with their signature chewy and elastic texture? While they may appear simple, their formulation is actually quite sophisticated. Each gummy is produced using a precisely balanced combination of gelling agents, sugars, acids, flavourings, and colourants, all working together to deliver the desired taste and texture.For instance, the characteristic chewiness of gummy sweets results from the interaction between gelatin and sugars. Even minor adjustments—such as changing the type or concentration of the gelling agent—can significantly alter the final product. In addition, manufacturers must meet regulatory and labeling requirements, including certifications like Halal compliance. This makes accurate and consistent monitoring of ingredients essential throughout production.<h4>The importance of SEC fingerprinting</h4>Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), also known as Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), offers a fast and reliable way to analyze gummy formulations. By separating molecules according to their hydrodynamic size, SEC generates a unique molecular “fingerprint” for each product.This fingerprint enables manufacturers to:<ul><li>confirm the type and origin of gelling agents (e.g., for Halal verification)</li><li>ensure batch-to-batch consistency and detect production variations</li><li>monitor changes during storage to assess shelf life</li><li>evaluate low-molecular-weight compounds such as sugars in a semi-quantitative manner</li></ul>Overall, SEC fingerprinting supports consistent product quality and regulatory compliance, ensuring that every gummy maintains the same expected characteristics.<h4>Influence of column selection on SEC performance</h4>Column selection plays a crucial role in achieving high-quality separations and detailed molecular fingerprints. To illustrate this, porcine and bovine gelatin standards were analyzed using two different configurations:<ul><li>a single Multipore <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1655">SuperOH-P column</a></li><li>a coupled system of SuperOH-P 350 and SuperOH-P 150 columns</li></ul>Although both setups cover the same molecular weight range (100–1,000,000 Da), the coupled configuration effectively doubles the separation length. This results in improved resolution, which was confirmed experimentally. The coupled columns provided clearer separation between porcine and bovine gelatin, producing more distinct and informative fingerprints.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Fig_1_Overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_DAD_at_230_nm_20_L_d81181cfb4.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Fig. 1 Overlay chromatograms measured with DAD at 230 nm, 20 µL. Dark blue: porcine reference standard; red: bovine reference standard; solid line: measured with column A; dotted line: measured with column set B. Graphic by KNAUER." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Fig_1_Overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_DAD_at_230_nm_20_L_d81181cfb4.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="611"><h4>Achieving reliable SEC fingerprints</h4>Reproducibility is key when using SEC for quality control. The process begins with consistent sample preparation—maintaining identical dissolution procedures, concentrations, and filtration steps is essential, as even small variations can influence peak shape and overall results.Beyond the column, the entire system setup is equally important. For example, combining a Refractive Index Detector (RID) with a Diode Array Detector (DAD) allows simultaneous detection of sugars, acids, and polymers within a single analysis.Accurate peak identification further enhances reliability. By analyzing reference standards based on known ingredient compositions, chromatographic peaks can be correctly assigned, enabling detailed interpretation of both high- and low-molecular-weight components.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Fig_2_Zoom_overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_RID_20_L_and_column_set_B_37caf5ac59.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Fig. 2 Zoom overlay chromatograms measured with RID, 20 µL and column set B. Black: Katjes® Yoghurt Gums; turquoise: apple pectin diluted 1:10; dark green: preserving sugar 1:1 (sugar; citric acid; pectin; fully hydrogenated sunflower oil); dark blue: maltodextrin; pink: sodium potassium tartrate; yellow: potassium citrate; red: citric acid; purple: lactic acid; beige: lactose; orange: sucrose; green: glucose; grey: blank. Graphic by KNAUER. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Fig_2_Zoom_overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_RID_20_L_and_column_set_B_37caf5ac59.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="611">Additionally, incorporating a flow marker helps correct for system-related variations, such as fluctuations in flow rate, thereby improving retention time stability and peak assignment accuracy. More details on the flow marker and its use in SEC are described in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/VTN_0043_knauer_gpc_sec_data_reproducibility_with_flow_marker_96ee6b3cd9.pdf">this technical note</a>.<h4>Verification of gelatin origin using SEC</h4>Determining the source of gelatin is critical for proper labeling and compliance, particularly for Halal-certified products where porcine gelatin is not permitted.To demonstrate SEC’s capability, two gummy samples with identical formulations but different gelatin sources were analyzed. One sample contained porcine gelatin, while the other used bovine gelatin. The resulting SEC fingerprints showed clear differences in the gelatin region, allowing unambiguous identification. The standard Haribo® Goldbears corresponded to the porcine reference, whereas the Halal version matched the bovine standard.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Fig_3_Overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_DAD_at_230_nm_20_L_and_column_set_B_12e99a43e7.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Fig. 3 Overlay chromatograms measured with DAD at 230 nm, 20 µL and column set B. Solid dark blue line: Haribo® Goldbears; solid red line: Halal Haribo® Goldbears; dotted dark blue line: porcine reference standard; dotted red line: bovine reference standard. Graphic by KNAUER. " srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Fig_3_Overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_DAD_at_230_nm_20_L_and_column_set_B_12e99a43e7.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="611"><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Fig_4_Overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_RID_20_L_and_column_set_B_2_c29ea59bc4.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Fig. 4 Overlay chromatograms measured with RID, 20 µL and column set B. Solid dark blue line: Haribo® Goldbears; solid red line: Halal Haribo® Goldbears; dotted dark blue line: porcine reference standard; dotted red line: bovine reference standard. Graphic by KNAUER." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Fig_4_Overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_RID_20_L_and_column_set_B_2_c29ea59bc4.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1368" height="432">This confirms that SEC is a reliable method for distinguishing gelatin origin.<h4>Role of low-molecular-weight components</h4>In addition to polymers such as gelatin, SEC can also reveal smaller molecules, including sugars and organic acids. While SEC is not a replacement for fully validated HPLC methods, it serves as a rapid screening tool for comparing samples and supporting quality control.Using RID detection, differences in sugar composition become visible. For example, chromatograms showed a significantly higher sucrose signal in preserving sugar compared to gummy candies, reflecting formulation differences.<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Knauer_Fig_5_Zoom_overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_RID_20_L_and_column_set_B_06c072e069.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Fig. 5 Zoom overlay chromatograms measured with RID, 20 µL and column set B. Black: sucrose 1mg/ml; blue: Haribo® Goldbears; green: preserving sugar 1:1 (sugar; citric acid; pectin; fully hydrogenated sunflower oil). Graphic by KNAUER." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_Knauer_Fig_5_Zoom_overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_RID_20_L_and_column_set_B_06c072e069.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="611"><h4>Conclusion</h4>SEC is a powerful analytical technique for monitoring product quality and ensuring process consistency in gummy candy production. By generating detailed molecular fingerprints, it enables manufacturers to verify ingredients, maintain consistency, and comply with regulatory requirements.Importantly, this approach is not limited to gummy candies—it can be adapted to a wide range of products where molecular characterization is essential.<blockquote><ul><li>If you're planning to set up or optimize your GPC/SEC workflow, feel free to contact us at sales@knauer.net. Stay tuned for more exciting insights into the GPC/SEC world in our “GPC/SEC Made Easy” series.</li><li>For more information on the technical details, you can refer to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/VFD_0195_sec_for_fingerprint_analysis_of_gummy_candies_ce5349cd95.pdf">this application note.</a></li><li>For further information on this topic, please contact our author: wesolowski@knauer.net</li></ul></blockquote>

GPC/SEC Made Easy – Fingerprint analysis of Gummy Candies

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 17, 2026

Article

Application

Academy

Food

Science and research

Video

Everything from the world of analytical chemistry in one place. We connect people in solving their problems. At Labrulez you will find all the necessary information easily, quickly and clearly. Stop searching and start finding.

LabRulez

Phenomenex is a global technology leader committed to developing novel analytical chemistry solutions that solve the separation and purification challenges of researchers in industrial, government and academic laboratories.

Phenomenex

Based in Berlin, KNAUER is a medium-sized, owner-managed company that has been serving the sciences since 1962. We develop and manufacture scientific instruments of superior quality for liquid chromatography, including: Analytical HPLC/UHPLC, Preparative HPLC, Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), Multi-column chromatography/Simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography. High pressure dosing, in-line detection systems, and osmometry are additional business areas.

KNAUER

Agilent Technologies

Shimadzu Corporation

Plasmion

This demonstration will concentrate on the enhanced workflows and capabilities of OpenLab CDS.
<h3>During this 1-hour session you will:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Learn about the function and advantages of the new control panel including creating instruments, creating projects, activity logs, storage types and paths.</li>
<li>Explore the basic operations of user privileges including assigning permissions and roles, and license utilities.</li>
<li>Learn the basics of how to setup instruments, methods and sequences.</li>
<li>Explore the enhanced data processing workflow including auto and manual integration, e-signatures and audit trail review</li>
<li>Discover uses for the Custom Calculator and its functionality</li>
<li>Learn how to customize reports with the Intelligent Reporter to generate calculations without to use of Excel</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Richard Mutkoski (Application Engineer, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Richard Mutkoski began with Agilent (HP) in 1995. He has been an Application Engineer in Agilent’s Laboratory Informatics for the past 16 years. Prior to his career at Agilent Rich spent 12 years in a variety of small pharmaceutical firms in both R&amp;D and QA/QC capacities affording him first-hand knowledge of those workflows, bottlenecks and challenges.
</blockquote>

Agilent Technologies: OpenLab CDS Introductory Demonstration

OpenLab CDS Introductory Demonstration

<h3>Direct screening enables fast identification and comparison of substances</h3>
Fast &amp; Direct Screening enables to identify or compare different substances without any sample preparation.
<h3>Screening with quantification delivers reliable concentration levels</h3>
Screening with quantification not only enables a fast identification of substances but also provides reliable information about concentration levels to compare with standards or thresholds.
<h3>Automated all-in-one workflow simplifies routine analytics</h3>
All-in-one-Workflow reduces effort and cost in routine analytics as it enables to only perform detailed GC-MS analysis for positively screened samples.
<h4>Conventional Ionization Technologies</h4>
With conventional atmospheric pressure methods, the ions are mostly formed outside the inlet of an MS. This implies that the substance to be analyzed (e.g. coffee) cannot be analyzed directly, but is usually &quot;sprayed&quot; into the MS in the form of a sample (liquid extract) via the ionization source.
<h4>SICRIT® Technology</h4>
The SICRIT® (Soft Ionization by Chemical Reaction In Transfer) ionization source is interfaced with the atmospheric pressure inlet of the MS and ionizes every substance which is drawn into the MS by its inherent vacuum.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Plasmion_Conventional_MS_Ionization_Technologies_vs_SICRIT_Technology_8999716e25/Plasmion-Conventional-MS-Ionization-Technologies-vs.-SICRIT(r)-Technology.png" alt="Plasmion: Conventional MS Ionization Technologies vs. SICRIT® Technology"/>
<h4>SICRIT® Characteristics</h4>
<ul>
<li>Simple extension of MS inlet</li>
<li>Concentric dielectric barrier discharge</li>
<li>Sample ionized during transfer into MS</li>
<li>Soft ionization by proton transfer and UV light</li>
<li>No consumables</li>
</ul>

Plasmion: Direct MS Screening - Get Results Faster with SICRIT

Direct MS Screening - Get Results Faster with SICRIT

<h3>SICRIT® GC-Coupling Advantages</h3>
<ol>
<li>Combination of LC-MS detection and GC separation enables more rigor and fast identification of analytes
</li>
<li>Ionization mechanism allows to cover a broader range of analytes – previously different systems required
</li>
<li>Soft ionization delivers molecular ion peaks and avoids complex and challenging allocation due to fragmentation
</li>
<li>Soft ionization allows to apply advanced detection models like SWATH or Data Dependent Acquisition (DDA)
</li>
<li>Combination with HRMS enables addition reliability in terms of substance identification
</li>
</ol>
<h4>Conventional Ionization Technologies</h4>
With conventional atmospheric pressure methods, the ions are mostly formed outside the inlet of an MS. This implies that the substance to be analyzed (e.g. coffee) cannot be analyzed directly, but is usually &quot;sprayed&quot; into the MS in the form of a sample (liquid extract) via the ionization source.
<h4>SICRIT® Technology</h4>
The SICRIT® (Soft Ionization by Chemical Reaction In Transfer) ionization source is interfaced with the atmospheric pressure inlet of the MS and ionizes every substance which is drawn into the MS by its inherent vacuum.
<img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/Plasmion_Conventional_MS_Ionization_Technologies_vs_SICRIT_Technology_8999716e25/Plasmion-Conventional-MS-Ionization-Technologies-vs.-SICRIT(r)-Technology.png" alt="Plasmion: Conventional MS Ionization Technologies vs. SICRIT® Technology"/>
<h4>SICRIT® Characteristics</h4>
<ul>
<li>Simple extension of MS inlet</li>
<li>Concentric dielectric barrier discharge</li>
<li>Sample ionized during transfer into MS</li>
<li>Soft ionization by proton transfer and UV light</li>
<li>No consumables</li>
</ul>

Plasmion: GC Coupling to LC-MS Instruments - Expand your Mass Spectrometric “View” with SICRIT

GC Coupling to LC-MS Instruments - Expand your Mass Spectrometric “View” with SICRIT

Even if you have robust quality systems governing your analytical laboratory and a strong data integrity program in place, you may still be nervous about preparing for a regulatory inspection. What will the inspectors want to know? What will they ask? Is your team prepared?
You can ease those fears by attending this two-part webcast. First, we will explain what you should expect during an inspection. Then, we will simulate an inspection to show you, in a realistic scenario, what an inspector might ask, and how you and your team should handle the questions, including when they don’t know all the answers or don’t understand all the questions. We will explain the scope of a data integrity inspection in a regulated laboratory, and our simulation of an inspection of a chromatography data system (CDS) will explain the roles of different people in a multi-person team that includes a laboratory manager and the CDS laboratory administrator.
<h3>What we will cover:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Background on data integrity and a chromatography data system (CDS)</li>
<li>Management involvement in data integrity</li>
<li>Qualification of chromatographs</li>
<li>Validation of analytical procedures</li>
</ul>
<h3>Key Learning Objectives:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Understand how data integrity plays a role in your inspection</li>
<li>Understand and answer the questions being asked</li>
<li>Understand the impact of poor analytical decisions</li>
<li>Use systems that can help demonstrate data integrity and regulatory compliance</li>
<li>Use technical controls to enforce operating procedures</li>
</ul>
<h3>Who Should Attend:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Analysts working in a regulated analytical laboratory</li>
<li>Chromatography data system (CDS) administrators</li>
<li>Laboratory managers</li>
<li>Quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) staff</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Bob McDowall (Director, RD McDowall Limited, Bromley, Kent, UK)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Bob McDowall, PhD, is an analytical chemist with over 45 years of experience including 15 years working in the pharmaceutical industry and over 25 years working for the industry as a consultant. He is the director of R D McDowall Ltd, a consulting company offering services on process improvement, implementation of laboratory informatics applications, training staff in regulatory compliance, and qualification of IT infrastructure. Bob is a trained auditor and has been involved with the validation of computerized systems for over 30 years. He edited the first book on LIMS in 1987 and is the author of books on the validation of chromatography data systems and data integrity and data governance in regulated laboratories due to be published in late 2018. He was presented with the 1997 LIMS Award. He is a core industry expert for the GAMP Data Integrity Special Interest Group and was a subject matter expert contributor and reviewer of the 2017 GAMP Guide for Records and Data Integrity. He co-drafted the update to USP &lt;1058&gt; on Analytical Instrument Qualification (AIQ) for public comment that became effective in August 2017.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Paul Smith (Global Compliance Specialist, Agilent Technologies, Cheadle, UK)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Paul is global compliance specialist with Agilent technologies. He has worked for Agilent for 9 years and has 35 years’ experience in the pharmaceutical and analytical area.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Josh Miller (OpenLab Software Marketing – eLearning Expert, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Josh is a professional chemist with 15 years’ experience in validating, supporting, deploying, and developing the OpenLab software suite of products. He is a true expert with all things OpenLab and has extensive experience with chromatography data system, electronic content management, business process management, instrument control products, and more. He has developed many of the training courses for OpenLab products and has served as an instructor for dozens of formal courses around the globe. In 2009, he created “eFamiliarization” to help customers learn the basics of OpenLab products in an interactive simulation of Agilent software. More recently he has transformed Agilent’s embedded software help systems to better serve customers by putting consistent and searchable content at their fingertips. You may also find a significant collection of video content that he produces to help users learn to use OpenLab products.
</blockquote>

LCGC/Agilent Technologies: Five Essentials for Surviving Your Next Laboratory Inspection: A Quality Control Example, Part 1

Five Essentials for Surviving Your Next Laboratory Inspection: A Quality Control Example, Part 1

The Control Panel is the gatekeeper to the system.
<ul>
<li>Learn how to enable authentication to allow chemist names to be placed on reports. </li>
<li>See how to configure system in a compliant environment and restrict users’ access to instruments and data. </li>
<li>Understand the use of Roles and Privileges to refine what users can do. </li>
<li>Understand the need, creation and use of Projects. </li>
<li>Explore how to set-up an Acquisition Method for a Virtual 3D HPLC and a Virtual 7890 GC. </li>
<li>Explore the software features that have been designed to help minimize sequence creation time and eliminate costly typographical errors.</li>
</ul>

Agilent Technologies: OpenLab CDS Virtual Masterclass Series

OpenLab CDS Virtual Masterclass Series Session 1 - The Control Panel and Data Acquisition

Choosing the right column and conditions for your sample is a winning strategy.
In this free webinar, we’ll look at the best matchups for your sample, including:
<ul>
<li>Column options: phase, particle size, dimensions
</li>
<li>Conditions: pH, mobile phase
</li>
</ul>
By the end, you’ll have additional tools to help you put together a game plan for a successful separation
<blockquote>
Presenter: Mark Powell (Application Engineer, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Mark Powell is an Applications Engineer located at Agilent’s Little Falls site in Wilmington, DE. Before joining Agilent in 2011, Mark worked in the pharmaceutical industry synthesizing, purifying and analyzing drug candidates. He provides applications assistance and technical support for Agilent’s HPLC columns and consumables.
</blockquote>

Agilent Technologies: The LC Column Playbook

The LC Column Playbook

Your LC system and MS are only two pieces of the puzzle that make up the final result.
In this free webinar, we’ll examine other important pieces like:
<ul>
<li>The role of your column
</li>
<li>Sample prep
</li>
<li>Matrix effects
</li>
</ul>
We’ll also talk about finding the missing pieces when the ones we have don’t fit. They could be part of the chromatography separation, the instrument, or the sample.
<blockquote>
Presenter: Alex Ucci (Application Engineer, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
In his current position at Agilent, Alex provides application assistance and technical support for sample preparation products as well as GC and LC consumables. Before he joined Agilent in 2014, Alex was a graduate student at the Pennsylvania State University researching the morphology and surface properties of aerosol particles using a wide variety of analytical techniques. He has an MS degree in chemistry.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Presenter: Paul Altiero (Application Engineer, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Paul Altiero is an Applications Engineer located at the Agilent Little Falls site in Wilmington, DE. Prior to coming to Agilent in 2009, Paul worked in the pharmaceutical industry performing LCMS bioanalysis supporting Drug Discovery DMPK. While at Agilent, Paul has been a field service engineer for LCMS as well as the integrating program manager for the RapidFire high throughput LCMS system. In his current role Paul’s responsibilities include technical support and application assistance for LCMS consumables.
</blockquote>

Agilent Technologies: Puzzled About LCMS? - Piecing it all together

Puzzled About LCMS? - Piecing it all together

Your LC system and MS are only two pieces of the puzzle that make up the final result.

This session will cover:
<ul>
<li>The process of separation</li>
<li>How we use peak efficiency, retention, selectivity and resolution to measure the quality of a separation</li>
<li>What can we do to improve the quality of the separation</li>
</ul>
<h3>Future Sessions Topics will look to cover:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Common Issues, Tips and Tricks </li>
<li>Introduction to UHPLC</li>
<li>Building your Method/Method Development</li>
<li>Optimising your Method &amp; Instrument</li>
<li>Troubleshooting</li>
</ul>

Shimadzu: LC Theory & Key Principles - Session 3: The Separation Process, How it is Measured and Improved

LC Theory & Key Principles - Session 3: The Separation Process, How it is Measured and Improved

You will learn how to optimise your LC system to improve efficiency and get the most out advances in silica particles including superficially porous particles.
<h3>This session will cover:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Practically improve factors from the resolution equation</li>
<li>Optimise your LC system to improve efficiency</li>
<li>Get the most out of advances in silica particles including superficially porous particles</li>
</ul>
<h3>Future Sessions Topics will look to cover:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Common Issues, Tips and Tricks </li>
<li>Introduction to UHPLC</li>
<li>Building your Method/Method Development</li>
<li>Optimising your Method &amp; Instrument</li>
<li>Troubleshooting</li>
</ul>

Shimadzu: LC Theory & Key Principles - Session 4: Resolution Equation - Applying the Theory in Practice

LC Theory & Key Principles - Session 4: Resolution Equation - Applying the Theory in Practice

You will recap the key concepts from the previous sessions and ready ourselves for moving onto the advances in liquid chromatography series.
<h3>This session will cover:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Recap what we have learned in previous sessions</li>
<li>Ready ourselves for moving onto intermediate liquid chromatography</li>
</ul>
<h3>Future session in other series will include:</h3>
<ul>
<li>Common Issues, Tips and Tricks </li>
<li>Introduction to UHPLC</li>
<li>Building your Method/Method Development</li>
<li>Optimising your Method &amp; Instrument</li>
<li>Troubleshooting</li>
</ul>