<p><strong>Even in chromatography, appearances can be misleading. If you have ever performed a Liquid Chromatography (LC) or Gel Permeation Chromatography/Size Exclusion Chromatography (GPC/SEC) analysis and noticed unexpected signals appearing in your chromatogram, you may have encountered so-called chromatographic “ghosts.” These unanticipated peaks can complicate data interpretation and challenge even experienced analysts. Fortunately, these ghost peaks are not supernatural phenomena. In this Halloween-themed overview, we explore their origin, discuss strategies to minimize their occurrence, and describe practical approaches to identify them.</strong></p><h4><strong>What are ghost peaks?</strong></h4><p>When a chromatogram displays additional peaks that cannot be directly attributed to analytes of interest, these signals are commonly referred to as ghost peaks or system peaks [1]. They arise when the equilibrium between the mobile phase and stationary phase is temporarily disturbed [1]. Such disturbances often occur during sample injection, when the system experiences a transient compositional or physical imbalance [1][2].</p><p>Ghost peaks are particularly evident when using refractive index (RI) detection, where even injections of pure mobile phase can generate detectable signals (see Fig. 1). In GPC/SEC applications, these peaks frequently appear toward the end of the chromatogram, corresponding to the transition between size-based separation and interaction-driven effects [2]. Their appearance can closely resemble genuine analyte peaks and, in some cases, they may partially overlap with them, further complicating interpretation.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Fig_1_Chromatogram_of_a_20_l_blank_injection_mobile_phase_with_RI_detection_Graphic_by_KNAUER_72b81051f9.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Fig. 1 Chromatogram of a 20 µl blank injection (= mobile phase) with RI detection. Graphic by KNAUER." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Fig_1_Chromatogram_of_a_20_l_blank_injection_mobile_phase_with_RI_detection_Graphic_by_KNAUER_72b81051f9.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="611"></p><h4><strong>How to minimize ghost peaks?</strong></h4><p>Ghost peaks may manifest as either positive or negative signals. While their retention time typically remains consistent, their intensity, shape, and area can vary depending on injection conditions, sample composition, and injection volume (see Fig. 2). Due to this variability, they are not suitable as reference markers, for example in GPC/SEC analyses.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Fig_2_Overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_RID_and_20_l_injection_volume_c5b4b8f3f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Fig. 2 Overlay chromatograms measured with RID and 20 µl injection volume. Dotted black: citric acid; solid black: ethylene glycol. Graphic by KNAUER." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Fig_2_Overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_RID_and_20_l_injection_volume_c5b4b8f3f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="611"></p><p>To reduce their impact, several practical measures can be implemented:</p><ul><li>Ensure that samples are dissolved in the same mobile phase used in the chromatographic system</li><li>Use smaller injection volumes to limit system disturbance</li><li>Allow sufficient equilibration time for the system before analysis</li></ul><p>Despite these precautions, ghost peaks cannot be completely eliminated. Therefore, recognizing and correctly assigning them is essential for reliable data interpretation. Failure to do so may lead to misinterpretation of chromatographic results.</p><h3><strong>How to unmask ghost peaks?</strong></h3><p>A systematic approach can help identify the origin of ghost peaks. One effective strategy involves preparing each component of the mobile phase individually, spiking them into the mobile phase, and injecting them separately.</p><p>For example, in an aqueous SEC method using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), individual injections of buffer components such as NaCl, KCl, KH₂PO₄, and Na₂HPO₄ can be compared with a blank injection (see Fig. 3). By overlaying these chromatograms, it becomes possible to assign specific ghost peaks to individual buffer constituents. This not only clarifies their origin but also provides an opportunity to optimize the method by adjusting buffer composition or concentration.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Fig_3_Overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_RID_and_20_l_injection_volume_c5f57e44f6.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Fig. 3 Overlay chromatograms measured with RID and 20 µl injection volume. Black: blank (mobile phase = PBS); light green: sodium chloride; dark green: potassium chloride; light blue: potassium dihydrogen phosphate; dark blue: disodium hydrogen phosphate. Graphic by KNAUER." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Fig_3_Overlay_chromatograms_measured_with_RID_and_20_l_injection_volume_c5f57e44f6.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="611"></p><p>Another practical approach involves comparing a blank chromatogram (mobile phase only) with that of the sample. Peaks that appear at identical retention times in both chromatograms can be confidently identified as ghost peaks.</p><p>This concept is illustrated in Fig. 4 for an aqueous SEC system using PBS. Blank injections reveal two small peaks detected by the RI detector. In the case of citric acid, only two distinct peaks are observed instead of three, as one ghost peak coelutes with the analyte, forming a subtle shoulder (Fig. 4A). This demonstrates how ghost peaks can distort peak shapes and affect interpretation.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Fig_4_Left_4a_Overlay_of_chromatograms_recorded_with_the_RID_using_a_20_L_injection_volume_1732ef3a18.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Fig. 4 Left (4a): Overlay of chromatograms recorded with the RID using a 20 µL injection volume. Orange: citric acid; black: blank (mobile phase = PBS)" srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Fig_4_Left_4a_Overlay_of_chromatograms_recorded_with_the_RID_using_a_20_L_injection_volume_1732ef3a18.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="611"></p><p>In contrast, ethylene glycol produces three clearly resolved peaks (Fig. 4B), where ghost peaks do not interfere directly with the analyte signal. Nevertheless, their identification remains crucial to ensure accurate evaluation of the chromatographic data.</p><p><img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/KNAUER_Fig_4_Left_4b_Overlay_of_chromatograms_recorded_with_the_RID_using_a_20_L_injection_volume_149ed84d87.jpg" alt="KNAUER: Fig. 4b - Overlay of chromatograms recorded with the RID using a 20 µL injection volume. Orange: ethylene glycol; black: blank (mobile phase = PBS). Graphic by KNAUER." srcset="https://storage.googleapis.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/thumbnail_KNAUER_Fig_4_Left_4b_Overlay_of_chromatograms_recorded_with_the_RID_using_a_20_L_injection_volume_149ed84d87.jpg 245w," sizes="100vw" width="1024" height="611"></p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>Ghost peaks are a common yet often misunderstood phenomenon in LC and GPC/SEC analyses. Although they may initially appear mysterious, they are the result of predictable physicochemical processes within the chromatographic system. By understanding their origin, applying appropriate experimental strategies, and using systematic identification approaches, analysts can effectively distinguish them from true analyte signals. Recognizing these “ghosts” ensures more accurate data interpretation and helps prevent misleading conclusions in chromatographic analysis.</p><blockquote><ul><li>If you’d like to learn more about detecting and minimizing system or ghost peaks in practice, take a look at our <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/VTN_0046_knauer_understanding_system_peaks_in_gpc_sec_for_accurate_and_reliable_analysis_f134154935.pdf"><strong>Technical Note VTN0046</strong></a> on identifying and reducing system peaks in GPC/SEC.</li><li>If you're planning to set up or optimize your GPC/SEC workflow, feel free to contact us at <strong>sales@knauer.net</strong>.&nbsp;</li><li>For further information on this topic, please contact our author: <strong>wesolowski@knauer.net</strong></li></ul></blockquote>

GPC/SEC Made Easy – Unmask Ghost Peaks

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 15, 2026

<p><strong>Traditional protein purification workflows in many laboratories still rely on ultracentrifugation and long incubation steps. These approaches often involve multi-step protocols, extended processing times, and the use of specialized equipment. As a result, workflows can become complex, time-consuming, and prone to variability.</strong></p><p>Magnetic bead-based protein purification offers a faster, simpler, and more efficient alternative by enabling selective capture and rapid magnetic separation.</p><h3><strong>Limitations of Conventional Protein Cleanup Methods</strong></h3><p><strong>In standard laboratory workflows, protein cleanup typically involves:</strong></p><ul><li>Multiple processing steps</li><li>Centrifugation and column equilibration</li><li>Dependence on specialized instrumentation</li><li>Long processing times</li></ul><p><strong>These factors introduce several challenges:</strong></p><ul><li>Increased complexity of workflows</li><li>Variability between runs, reducing reproducibility</li><li>Risk of sample loss during transfers, especially for small sample volumes or scarce targets</li><li>Limited throughput due to manual handling</li></ul><h3><strong>Principle of Magnetic Bead-Based Purification</strong></h3><p>Magnetic beads enable selective protein capture through surface functionalization.</p><p>Each bead is coated with <strong>streptavidin</strong>, allowing the attachment of a <strong>biotinylated ligand</strong>. This ligand can be selected based on the target analyte and may include:</p><ul><li>Antibodies</li><li>Aptamers</li><li>Antigen fragments</li></ul><p>This functionalization step provides the beads with the specificity required to bind the target analyte.</p><h3><strong>Materials and Key Components</strong></h3><h4><strong>Magnetic Beads</strong></h4><ul><li>Streptavidin-coated surface</li><li>Functionalized with biotinylated ligands</li></ul><h3><strong>Ligands</strong></h3><ul><li>Selected for target specificity</li><li>Attached to beads prior to purification</li></ul><h3><strong>Step-by-Step Procedure</strong></h3><h4><strong>1. Bead Activation</strong></h4><p>Load the biotinylated ligand onto the streptavidin-coated magnetic beads to confer specificity.</p><h4><strong>2. Washing</strong></h4><p>Remove impurities after ligand loading to prepare the beads for interaction with the sample.</p><h4><strong>3. Incubation with Sample</strong></h4><p>Incubate the functionalized beads with the sample to allow binding between the ligand and the target analyte.</p><h4><strong>4. Magnetic Separation</strong></h4><p>Place the sample on a magnet:</p><ul><li>Magnetic beads (with bound analyte) are attracted to the vessel wall</li><li>The liquid phase can be separated easily</li></ul><h4><strong>5. Washing</strong></h4><p>Wash the beads while they remain immobilized by the magnetic field to remove:</p><ul><li>Weak interactions</li><li>Non-specific binding</li></ul><h4><strong>6. Elution</strong></h4><p>Add an elution solvent to release the purified analyte from the beads.</p><h3><strong>Downstream Applications</strong></h3><p>After elution, the purified sample is ready for further analysis, including:</p><ul><li>LC-MS</li><li>Western blot</li><li>ELISA</li><li>Activity assays</li></ul><h4><strong>Advantages of Magnetic Bead-Based Workflows</strong></h4><p>Magnetic bead-based purification offers several key benefits:</p><h4><strong>Speed and Simplicity</strong></h4><ul><li>No centrifugation required</li><li>No complex instrumentation needed</li></ul><h4><strong>Improved Reproducibility</strong></h4><ul><li>Consistent magnetic separation</li><li>Reduced variability between runs</li></ul><h4><strong>Reduced Sample Loss</strong></h4><ul><li>Fewer transfer steps</li><li>Suitable for small or scarce samples</li></ul><h4><strong>Scalability and Throughput</strong></h4><ul><li>Compatible with automation</li><li>Supports microplate formats:<ul><li>96-well plates</li><li>384-well plates</li></ul></li></ul><h3><strong>Biozen™ Magnetic Beads Features</strong></h3><p>Phenomenex <strong>Biozen™ magnetic beads</strong> incorporate several design features:</p><ul><li><strong>Hydrophilic co-polymer surface</strong><ul><li>Reduces non-specific hydrophobic interactions</li></ul></li><li><strong>Biotinylated BSA spacer</strong><ul><li>Acts as a linker to streptavidin</li><li>Helps orient capture ligands</li></ul></li><li><strong>Monodispersed capture ligands</strong><ul><li>Optimized binding capacity</li></ul></li></ul><p>These features contribute to:</p><ul><li>Reduced non-specific binding</li><li>Improved capture consistency</li><li>Cleaner eluates</li></ul><h3><strong>When to Use Magnetic Beads</strong></h3><p>Magnetic bead-based purification is particularly suitable when:</p><ul><li>Sample volumes are small</li><li>Fast turnaround is required</li><li>Minimal equipment is preferred</li><li>High-throughput workflows are needed</li></ul><h3><strong>Conclusion</strong></h3><p>Magnetic bead-based protein purification simplifies traditional workflows by eliminating centrifugation and reducing complexity. Through selective capture and efficient magnetic separation, it enables faster processing, improved reproducibility, and compatibility with high-throughput and automated systems.</p>

Magnetic Bead-Based Protein Purification: A Faster and More Efficient Workflow

Article

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Everything from the world of analytical chemistry in one place. We connect people in solving their problems. At Labrulez you will find all the necessary information easily, quickly and clearly. Stop searching and start finding.

LabRulez

Phenomenex is a global technology leader committed to developing novel analytical chemistry solutions that solve the separation and purification challenges of researchers in industrial, government and academic laboratories.

Phenomenex

Based in Berlin, KNAUER is a medium-sized, owner-managed company that has been serving the sciences since 1962. We develop and manufacture scientific instruments of superior quality for liquid chromatography, including: Analytical HPLC/UHPLC, Preparative HPLC, Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), Multi-column chromatography/Simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography. High pressure dosing, in-line detection systems, and osmometry are additional business areas.

KNAUER

Agilent Technologies

Bruker

Shimadzu Corporation

Waters Corporation

<p><strong>Biological samples represent formidable challenges in sample preparation that hold important consequences for LC analysis. Cleaner samples translate to more robust, reproducible LC analysis, with fewer repeat runs, and less equipment down time. The challenge is knowing which sample preparation technique to combine with both your sample and LC method.</strong></p>
<p>In this discussion we will look at some common bio sample preparation techniques, from solvent exchanges to solid phase extractions. We will then discuss how to match the sample preparation technique to both your sample and the desired outcome of your chromatography.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Melissa Goodlad (Application Engineer, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Melissa Goodlad is an Application Engineer providing applications assistance and technical support for Agilent’s HPLC columns and consumables. Before joining Agilent, Melissa was completing her PhD in Physical Chemistry at UC Merced studying nanoparticle self-assemblies.</p>
</blockquote>


Agilent Technologies: Sample Preparation for Improved LC Bio Separations

Sample Preparation for Improved LC Bio Separations

In this discussion we will look at some common bio sample preparation techniques, from solvent exchanges to solid phase extractions.

<p><strong>When it comes to LC analysis, a common question for users is, “Which LC column should I choose?” The column is the heart of the LC system, which plays a pivotal role in ensuring high-resolution separation. The fundamental knowledge of column selection can hence help you decide the optimal column for your specific application.</strong></p>
<p>In this second series of Understanding LC Columns webinar, we will introduce the different mode of separation in liquid chromatography including reversed phase, normal phase and HILIC. We will discuss some of the common applications for each of these separation techniques. The difference in column chemistry and column specifications can significantly impact your separation. This webinar will also cover the different column chemistry and the considerations when selecting a column for the different applications.</p>
<p>Learning Objectives</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Understand the different mode of separation and their application in liquid chromatography.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Understand the different column chemistry and their separation mechanisms.</strong></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Dr. Derrick Tan (Application Chemist (Consumables), Shimadzu (Asia Pacific) Pte Ltd)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Dr. Derrick Tan obtained his PhD in chemistry from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He has more than 7 years of research experience in small molecules, nucleic acids, peptides and protein synthesis, separation and purification. He joined Shimadzu (Asia Pacific) Pte Ltd in 2021 as an Application Chemist (Consumables). At Shimadzu, he is responsible for the technical support and application of consumables in chromatography and spectroscopy. Products include LC and GC columns, UV/Vis cuvettes, sample vials and accessories.</p>
</blockquote>


Shimadzu: Understanding LC Columns - Difference in Column Types and Phases

Understanding LC Columns - Difference in Column Types and Phases

We will introduce the different mode of separation in liquid chromatography including reversed phase, normal phase and HILIC.

Understanding LC Columns - Column Types and Phases

<p><strong>In UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy, there is a wide range of instruments available that cover all measurements from routine to research.</strong></p>
<p>We will discuss in this presentation some of the key performance differentiators between spectrometers as well as the impact that these have on measurement capabilities.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Scott Melis, PhD (Application Scientist, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Scott Melis has a PHD in Physics from Georgetown University in Washington, DC and started with Agilent in 2021 as a Molecular Spectroscopy Application Scientist. In his graduate work, Scott studied nanoparticle formation and growth for a variety of applications. Projects that he worked with include developing processes to deposit and characterize semiconducting molecular nano-cocrystals for use in optoelectronic devices as well as controlling polymer nanoparticle size through rapid mixing conditions.</p>
</blockquote>


Agilent Technologies: Picking the Right UV-Vis-NIR For Me: What Specs Do I Need?

Picking the Right UV-Vis-NIR For Me: What Specs Do I Need?

Key performance differentiators between UV-VIS-NIR spectrometers as well as the impact that these have on measurement capabilities.

<p><strong>How do I collect a UV-VIS Baseline?  Why is my concentration curve non-linear?  What amount of averaging do I need to do?</strong></p>
<p>Join us in this webinar where we will discuss some of the most common questions for UV-VIS data collection.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Scott Melis, PhD (Application Scientist, gilent Technologies, Inc.)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Scott Melis has a PHD in Physics from Georgetown University in Washington, DC and started with Agilent in 2021 as a Molecular Spectroscopy Application Scientist. In his graduate work, Scott studied nanoparticle formation and growth for a variety of applications. Projects that he worked with include developing processes to deposit and characterize semiconducting molecular nano-cocrystals for use in optoelectronic devices as well as controlling polymer nanoparticle size through rapid mixing conditions.</p>
</blockquote>


Agilent Technologies: Common UV-Vis Questions Answered

Common UV-Vis Questions Answered

Join us in this webinar where we will discuss some of the most common questions for UV-VIS data collection.

<p><strong>At the analytical scale, liquid chromatography (LC) is widely used by scientists to separate, quantify, and characterize components in mixtures. At the preparative scale, LC is primarily used to purify samples for further downstream analysis. The adoption of preparative LC into a workflow, with larger columns and instrumentation, can appear to be a daunting task. However, by following some fundamental guidelines and a little practical advice, it can be quite simple.</strong></p>
<h5>Key learning objectives</h5>
<ul>
<li><strong>Become familiar with the analytical to preparative chromatography workflow</strong></li>
<li><strong>Learn strategies to efficiently develop methods for purification success</strong></li>
<li><strong>Know how to avoid or recover from common mistakes</strong></li>
<li><strong>Understand how to think like a purification scientist</strong></li>
</ul>
<h5>Who should attend?</h5>
<ul>
<li>Analytical and medicinal chemists who want to learn more about purification or preparative LC, or regarding scale-up from analytical to preparative LC</li>
<li>Lab managers supporting purification labs</li>
<li>Scientists who are curious about incorporating purification into their laboratory workflow</li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Scott Bollen (Business Development Manager EMEA, Agilent Technologies)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Scott specializes in small molecule LC columns, ranging from HPLC to UHPLC. Scott has worked at Agilent for 17 years. He started as a technical support manager, and now supports new LC products in R&amp;D as well as the entirety of the existing small molecule LC column portfolio in business development.</p>
</blockquote>


Agilent Technologies: Scale Up from Analytical to Prep with Agilent Prep LC Columns

Scale Up from Analytical to Prep with Agilent Prep LC Columns

Become familiar with the analytical to preparative chromatography workflow and learn strategies to efficiently develop methods for purification success.

From Analytical to Prep with Agilent Prep LC Columns

<p>Join us on 18 &amp; 19 January for two half days of virtual presentations as we help you to navigate the every day challenges faced with the analysis of oligonucleotides. Presented by experts in the industry and the Agilent biopharma team, these short talks are designed to educate and provide insight from basic oligonucleotide assessment, through to the more advanced applications. Q&amp;A sessions will follow each presentation to give you the opportunity to engage with our speakers.</p>
<p>The agenda will cover these topics below and more!</p>
<ul>
<li>Introduction to Oligonucleotide Therapeutics</li>
<li>Analytical &amp; Purification Methods</li>
<li>Workflows for Oligonucleotide CQAs</li>
<li>Practical Tips &amp; Tricks for Preparative HPLC</li>
<li>Analysis of mRNA 5&#39; Capping and Poly-A Tailing by High Resolution LC/MS</li>
</ul>
<h3><strong>Agenda Day 1</strong></h3>
<h5><strong>10:00  Welcome to Agilent Oligo Insight Days</strong></h5>
<h5><strong>10:10  Introduction to Oligonucleotide Therapeutics</strong></h5>
<h5><strong>10:45  Oligonucleotide Analytical and Purification Methods</strong></h5>
<h5><strong>11:25  Workflows for Analysis of Oligonucleotide CQAs</strong></h5>
<h5><strong>12:05  Oligonucleotide Analysis - Tips &amp; Tricks: Putting it all into Practice</strong></h5>


Agilent Technologies: Agilent Oligonucleotide Insight Days

Agilent Oligonucleotide Insight Days (Day 1)

Taking A Deeper Dive into Oligonucleotide Analysis

<p>Join us on 18 &amp; 19 January for two half days of virtual presentations as we help you to navigate the every day challenges faced with the analysis of oligonucleotides. Presented by experts in the industry and the Agilent biopharma team, these short talks are designed to educate and provide insight from basic oligonucleotide assessment, through to the more advanced applications. Q&amp;A sessions will follow each presentation to give you the opportunity to engage with our speakers.</p>
<p>The agenda will cover these topics below and more!</p>
<ul>
<li>Introduction to Oligonucleotide Therapeutics</li>
<li>Analytical &amp; Purification Methods</li>
<li>Workflows for Oligonucleotide CQAs</li>
<li>Practical Tips &amp; Tricks for Preparative HPLC</li>
<li>Analysis of mRNA 5&#39; Capping and Poly-A Tailing by High Resolution LC/MS</li>
</ul>
<h3><strong>Agenda Day 1</strong></h3>
<h5><strong>10:00  Welcome to Agilent Oligo Insight Days</strong></h5>
<h5><strong>10:10  A Beginners Guide to LC/MS for the Analysis of Oligonucleotides</strong></h5>
<h5><strong>10:45  Analysis of mRNA 5&#39; Capping and Poly-A Tailing by High-Resolution LC/MS</strong></h5>
<h5><strong>11:20  Nucleic Acids Therapeutics Delivery by LNPs: Fundamentals and Characterizations</strong></h5>
<h5><strong>12:05  Oligonucleotide Purification - Tips and Tricks How to Scale Up!</strong></h5>


Agilent Oligonucleotide Insight Days (Day 2)

<p><strong>Organoids and spheroids are attractive 3D cell culture models because they mimic specific in vivo physiological conditions, can be developed from human cells, and contribute towards animal-free research. Their analysis brings light on cell-cell and cell-microenvironment molecular composition and interactions, which creates opportunities in cancer research and drug screening. However, 3D molecular characterization is required for a complete understanding of the molecular composition and chemical changes of the entire system.</strong></p><p>Our workflow enables studying cell-cell interactions, invasive cell migration, tumor progression, and other spatially relevant interactions within 3D cell culture models which could be monitored in 3D using MALDI MSI. We analyzed a colon cancer-fibroblast co-culture spheroid model developed by Prof. Rüdiger Rudolf and team, and were able to distinguish between cell type specific small molecules in an unbiased manner and high throughput. Therefore, our 3D technology could enable the identification of desirable markers for studying biological mechanisms typical to each cell type, which could lay the grounds for developing 3D-MSI based drug screenings.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Stefania-Alexandra Iakab, Ph.D. (Team Leader Spatialomics, Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany)</p><p>Stefania-Alexandra Iakab received her Ph.D. from the Rovira i Virgili University in Tarragona, Spain. She developed gold and silicon-based nanostructured surfaces for multimodal imaging combining matrix-free mass spectrometry imaging and surface assisted Raman spectroscopy. She is currently leading the Spatialomics team at CeMOS, Germany. Her research focuses on developing MSI workflows for pharma applications on 3D cell culture models.</p><p><strong>Presenter:&nbsp;</strong>Janina Oetjen, Ph.D. (Application Specialist MALDI Imaging, Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany)</p><p>Janina Oetjen did her Ph.D. in molecular microbiology at the University of Bremen in 2009. As employee at the MALDI Imaging Lab of the University of Bremen, she provided analytical service in the field of mass spectrometry imaging. At SCiLS, she headed the SCiLS™ Analytical Services division and acted as a consultant for the software development. Since summer 2018, she joined Bruker as Application Scientist for MALDI Imaging and is responsible for timsTOF fleX and timsTOF fleX MALDI-2 demos.</p></blockquote>

Bruker: Monitoring small molecules from a colon cancer spheroid model in 3D using MALDI MSI

Monitoring small molecules from a colon cancer spheroid model in 3D using MALDI MSI

Learn about 3D cell culture models which could be monitored in 3D using MALDI MSI.

Monitoring small molecules using MALDI MSI

<p><strong>The polymer industry is one of the world’s largest industrial sectors. &nbsp;Almost all consumer products are composed of polymers of some sort. &nbsp;These products range across items like automobiles, pharmaceuticals, toys, packaging, computer and cell phones, and so on. &nbsp;There are a few areas where characterizing these polymer-based objects can be important: first is performing a quick polymer identification for recycling purposes; second is quality control to identify product defects or failures; and third is reverse engineering to facilitate product development in a highly competitive marketplace. &nbsp;Vibrational spectroscopy (infrared (IR) and Raman) is especially useful for the analysis of polymers in an industrial setting. &nbsp;IR and Raman are highly specific and sensitive tools that are non-destructive and easy to use. &nbsp;Examples will be presented demonstrating the effectiveness of IR and Raman analysis in each of these categories.</strong></p><p>Mass Spectrometry (MS) has become an indispensable tool for polymer analysis and has been widely used to study polymer structure and composition, end-groups and additives, molecular weight distribution, and so on. &nbsp;MS analysis is extremally sensitive, allowing the detection and identification of minor polymer components and synthesis by-products, as well as low-level impurities and products of decomposition. &nbsp;Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) allows to perform rapid MS analysis without lengthy pre-separation and with minimal sample preparation. &nbsp;MALDI MS can provide structural and copolymer composition information, as well as be used for imaging of polymer surfaces, characterization of complex polymer mixtures and many other analytical tasks. &nbsp;In this webinar, we will discuss several MS analytical techniques and their applications for polymer analysis using real life examples from the industry and academia.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Dr. Tom Tague (Applications Manager and Chair of the Safety Committee Bruker Corporation)</p><p>Dr. Tom Tague is the Applications Manager (FTIR and Raman products) and Chair of the Safety Committee for Bruker Corporation. He is also a member of the Visiting Advisory Committee of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and the Advisory Board of Amplified Sciences. Dr. Tague received his Ph.D. from the University of Utah in Physical Chemistry and his B.S. in Chemistry, from the University of Texas at San Antonio. He conducted his postdoctoral research at the University of Virginia working with professor Lester Andrews. He is a member of the American Chemical Society, the Society for Applied Spectroscopy, the American Physical Society, and the Optical Society of America. Dr. Tague is active in developing new methods and instrumentation with the goal of improving the sensitivity and detection limits of spectroscopy related applications. Dr. Tague has more than 80 publications and 5 patents.</p><p><strong>Presenter:&nbsp;</strong>Dr. Artem Filipenko</p><p>Dr. Artem Filipenko has over 15 years of industry experience in development of innovative methods and instrumentation for various analytical applications, including food, environmental, industrial, and homeland security. His area of professional expertise ranges from Ion Mobility, Mass Spectrometry, and Gamma Spectroscopy to molecular and nuclear physics. Artem holds a doctorate degree in molecular physics and master’s degree in microelectronics from the National Nuclear Research University in Moscow, as well as master’s degree in business administration from Babson College in Boston.</p></blockquote>

Bruker: Effectively Analyzing Polymers Using IR, Raman Spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Effectively Analyzing Polymers Using IR, Raman Spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

In this webinar, we will discuss several MS analytical techniques, IR and Raman and their applications for polymer analysis 

Analyzing Polymers by IR, Raman Spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF

<p><strong>It takes time, money, and resources to generate laboratory data, so any loss of data is a direct financial loss to your regulated company, as well as a major compliance risk. &nbsp;Laboratory data must be secured and available to support product quality decisions, both at the time of decision making and for the full duration of the mandated retention period.</strong></p><p>A regulated company must ensure its data is retained through the retention period and maintains its integrity during that time. &nbsp;While external assistance can be sought with activities such as backup and restore, disaster recovery and business continuity planning, archiving, system administration and cybersecurity, the overall responsibility for the regulated data remains with the regulated company.</p><p><strong>Key points of discussion will be:</strong></p><ul><li>Working with Servers</li><li>Having a Backup and Restore Plan</li><li>Developing a Disaster Recovery Plan</li><li>Have a Business Continuity Plan</li><li>Archiving Data</li><li>Cybersecurity Considerations</li><li>Updates to Software</li></ul><p>Please join us for a live discussion as we explore this topic. &nbsp;As always, don’t forget to bring your Empower questions for this exclusive opportunity to ask our experts anything about Empower Software.</p><blockquote><p><strong>Presenter: </strong>Neil Lander (Principal Product Manager, Informatics, Waters Corporation)</p><p>Neil has worked for Waters Corporation since 1994 and has held a variety of positions including Technical Support Specialist, Technical Trainer, Manager Customer Education and currently, Principal Marketing Manager focusing on Informatics solutions. He provides internal support for Empower Chromatography Data System and is focused on developing laboratory software solutions that help organizations achieve their scientific and operational objectives. Prior to joining Waters, he was an analytical chemist where he gained experience in both the cosmetics and specialty chemical industries.</p><p><strong>Presenter:&nbsp;</strong>Fiona O'Leary (Informatics Consultant, Waters Corporation)</p><p>Fiona is an experienced Empower Software and Data Integrity professional working within the EU Professional Services Team.</p><p>She has ~18 years of experience with Waters, beginning with Technical Support &amp; Empower Training, moving to Empower Consultancy and Workflow Optimization in more recent years. Her focus now is on building Data Integrity into the Lab workflow, Custom Field automation and Electronic Data Review / Reporting optimization. Prior to joining Waters, Fiona spent some years in the GxP Pharmaceutical Manufacturing world, setting the scene for her current goal of helping organizations achieve their scientific and operational objectives efficiently and within compliance guidelines. She graduated from Dublin City University in 2001 with a BSc Hons. Analytical Science.</p></blockquote>

Waters Corporation: Empower Tips Ask Me Anything About Durable Data: A Guide to Ensuring Your Data Is Secure and Available from Creation Thru the Full Mandated Retention Period

Empower Tips Ask Me Anything About Durable Data: A Guide to Ensuring Your Data Is Secure and Available from Creation Thru the Full Mandated Retention Period

Protecting lab data is critical for compliance and financial health. Learn key strategies for secure retention, recovery, and cybersecurity in regulated labs.