<div><p><strong>Air bubbles in an HPLC system can disrupt pumping reliability, cause baseline noise, and result in poor result reproducibility and valve function. To prevent these, proper mobile phase degassing is essential.&nbsp;</strong></p><p>Degassing in HPLC not only ensures stable pumping but also improves sensitivity and accuracy by preventing dissolved oxygen from forming bubbles that interfere with detectors such as UV-VIS, fluorescence, refractive index, or electrochemical. Effective HPLC solvent degassing is therefore a critical step for stable, accurate, and reproducible chromatography.</p></div><div><div><div><div><h3><strong>What is HPLC Solvent Degassing and Why is it Necessary?</strong></h3></div></div></div></div><div><p>When solvents such as water, buffers, acetonitrile, and methanol contact the atmosphere, nitrogen and oxygen dissolve into them. When mixed, their combined air content can exceed the solubility of the mixture, creating a supersaturated condition that leads to outgassing and bubble formation. These bubbles disrupt <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/techniques/hplc">HPLC</a> performance by causing unstable baselines, bad peak shape, pump cavitation, retention time shifting, and loss of sensitivity.</p><p>In pumps, air can stop flowing or cause erratic retention times, while in optical detectors, bubbles scatter light and generate noise or false signals. Although it is not necessary to remove all dissolved air, degassing in HPLC lowers gas levels below supersaturation and prevents these issues. Low-pressure mixing systems are especially prone to bubble formation, whereas high-pressure mixing reduces outgassing because solvents blend under elevated pressure.</p></div><div><div><div><div><h3><strong>Types of Degassing Techniques in HPLC</strong></h3></div></div></div></div><div><p>Degassing the mobile phase was once a major concern in liquid chromatography with outgassing problems being among the most common issues during the first decades of its use. The introduction of inline degassers in HPLC in the past 15–20 years has significantly reduced the occurrence of these problems, to the point that many users today have little experience with them. However, while inline degassing prevents most solvent outgassing issues, it does not eliminate all problems caused by dissolved air.</p></div><div><div><div><div><h4><strong>Inline Degassing</strong></h4></div></div></div></div><div><p>Inline degassing works by passing the mobile phase through a gas-permeable membrane within a vacuum chamber, allowing dissolved gases to escape while retaining the liquid. Different techniques include:</p><ul><li><strong>Vacuum degasser:</strong> Inline vacuum degassers, now standard in most modern HPLC systems, have greatly reduced bubble-related pump issues by efficiently removing dissolved gases. Solvents pass through porous tubing within a vacuum chamber, where gases diffuse out through micropores to waste, while the degassed liquid continues flowing onto the pump.</li><li><strong>Membrane degasser:</strong> Over the years, various polymer materials have been tried with varying success for degassers. Modern degassers use a thin, highly gas-permeable membrane, making the degassing process very efficient.</li></ul></div><div><div><div><div><h5><strong>Advantages</strong></h5></div></div></div></div><div><p>Inline degassers are highly reliable and effective at reducing dissolved gases in the mobile phase to acceptable levels and are now standard in most HPLC systems. It is usually automatic and trouble-free. They require little to no maintenance, making them convenient and reliable for routine use.</p></div><div><div><div><div><h5><strong>Limitations</strong></h5></div></div></div></div><div><p>Despite their effectiveness, inline degassers do not remove all dissolved air from the mobile phase. The residual air can still cause problems in certain sensitive applications. Membrane replacement, vacuum pump failure, or damaged tubing can also cause issues, so proper maintenance is essential to avoid costly repairs. Additionally, microbial growth in the buffer can block membrane pores and contaminate the entire HPLC system. To prevent microbial growth, contamination, or blockages, it is best not to store the degasser with water or buffer in the tubing and to flush with 30% phosphoric acid followed by water if contamination occurs.</p></div><div><div><div><div><h4><strong>Offline Degassing</strong></h4></div></div></div></div><div><p>Offline degassing involves removing dissolved air from the mobile phase before it enters the HPLC system. The techniques include:</p><ul><li><strong>Helium sparging:</strong> This method requires a solvent inlet filter to prevent particulates and improve gas dispersion, but the degassed solvent can reabsorb air once in the system. To reduce bubble formation, slight back pressure should be maintained, often using a backpressure regulator after the detector. Helium purging can remove <strong>up to 80% of dissolved air</strong>, requiring equal helium volume for organic–aqueous phases. However, the flow rate should be reduced over time to avoid losing volatile components.</li><li><strong>Vacuum filtration:</strong> Vacuum degassing removes <strong>over 60%</strong> of dissolved air from the mobile phase and is performed through batch-wise treatment. It can also be done during filtration, before the chromatographic process with a 0.45 or 0.22 μm membrane filter, though this method is less effective.</li><li><strong>Sonication:</strong> Ultrasonic baths alone are not effective for degassing, as they remove<strong> only about 20-30% of dissolved gases</strong>, while at least 50% removal is needed. However, when combined with helium sparging or vacuum degassing, sonication becomes a <strong>useful complementary method</strong>. Since ultrasonic baths are common in laboratories, they are best applied alongside other degassing techniques.</li></ul></div><div><div><div><div><h5><strong>Advantages</strong></h5></div></div></div></div><div><p>An offline degasser offers the advantage of using a 2 µm solvent inlet filter to prevent particulates from entering the mobile phase while ensuring efficient gas dispersion. It is also cost-effective and flexible, as it relies on standard laboratory equipment and can handle large solvent volumes in a batch.</p></div><div><div><div><div><h5><strong>Limitations</strong></h5></div></div></div></div><div><p>A major drawback of offline helium sparging is that the mobile phase can gradually reabsorb air once placed in the HPLC system, leading to signal loss and changing sensitivity. Additionally, helium sparging can be expensive as it requires specialized gas cylinders.</p><h3><strong>Inline vs Offline Degassing: Side-by-Side Comparison</strong></h3><h5><strong>Timing:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Offline Degassing: </strong>It is usually done before the mobile phase enters the HPLC run.</li><li><strong>Inline Degassing: </strong>It is a continuous process that occurs during an HPLC run.</li></ul><h5><strong>Degassing Efficiency:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Offline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>The efficiency can be variable. For instance, vacuum/sonication removes 60–70% of dissolved air, sonication alone removes <strong>20–30%</strong> of air and helium sparging removes 80% of air.</li><li><strong>Inline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>It does not remove 100% of dissolved gas, but it removes most of it. However, it prevents bubble formation.</li></ul><h5><strong>Risk of Re-dissolving:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Offline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>The risk is high as solvents can reabsorb air when exposed to the atmosphere.</li><li><strong>Inline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>The risk is low as the continuous vacuum keeps new gas from dissolving.</li></ul><h5><strong>Cost:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Offline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>Low initial investment and requires only basic lab equipment. <strong>Helium</strong> sparging can be expensive as it requires specialized gas cylinders.</li><li><strong>Inline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>Higher initial cost (dedicated degasser unit and vacuum pump).</li></ul><h5><strong>Ease of Use:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Offline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>Manual setup each time which is time-consuming.</li><li><strong>Inline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>Automated after installation.</li></ul><h5><strong>Impact on Solvent Composition:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Offline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>Some loss of volatiles is possible such as evaporation during sparging.</li><li><strong>Inline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>Solvent composition remains unchanged.</li></ul><h5><strong>Effect on Chromatographic Stability:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Offline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>Improves initial stability but may allow bubble re-formation later.</li><li><strong>Inline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>Very stable baselines and retention. Bubble-related problems are virtually eliminated.</li></ul><div><div><div><div><h3><strong>When to Choose Offline vs Inline Degassing</strong></h3></div></div></div></div><div><p>The choice between an offline and inline HPLC degasser depends on the situation, including factors like routine use, troubleshooting needs, and method sensitivity.</p><ol><li>Offline degassing is suitable for occasional use, limited equipment setups, or when routine inline degassing is not available. While inline degassing is preferred for routine analyses requiring consistent performance and high sensitivity.</li><li>Inline degassers have a higher initial cost but save labor. An offline degasser uses low-cost labware and is cheap to set up, though helium or other gases add to the consumable cost.</li><li>If mobile phases contain volatile organics or labile salts, avoid aggressive offline sparging/vacuum (which can evaporate components). Inline vacuum degassing is gentler on the solvent composition.</li><li>Oxygen in the mobile phase is particularly problematic for sensitive methods, such as low-wavelength UV or reductive electrochemical detection. While techniques like helium sparging and inline degassing effectively remove oxygen, remember that offline-sparged solvents are susceptible to reabsorbing air over time, which can lead to signal loss and subtle changes in sensitivity.</li></ol></div><div><div><div><div><h3><strong>Troubleshooting Degassing Issues in HPLC</strong></h3></div></div></div></div><div><h4><strong>1) Cycling of output (pressure or baseline)</strong></h4><p>Cycling patterns in pressure or the chromatogram baseline often indicate poor compressibility at the pump heads. This may result from insufficient degassing efficiency, where adding a second degassing chamber can help. It can also cause air to enter the system due to improperly connected tubing to or from the HPLC solvent degasser. Also, improper connections of the tubing on the HPLC solvent degasser can also allow air to enter the system, causing fluctuations in pressure or baseline.</p><h4><strong>2) Baseline noise</strong></h4><p>Noise on the baseline of a chromatogram may indicate problems with the gas flow system. High gas flow rates can cause short-term noise, while baseline drift (long-term fluctuations) may be due to contaminants being flushed out from a partially clogged gas line. Additionally, an unstable gas flow output can also contribute to baseline noise.</p><h4><strong>3) Leakages</strong></h4><p>Leaks often occur due to incompatibility between solvents and degasser materials. For instance, tetrahydrofuran (THF) can dry and crack degasser membranes. Additionally, improperly seated tubing connections in or out of the degasser can allow leaks to develop.</p><h4><strong>4) Blockages</strong></h4><p>Blockages create pressure ripples as the pump struggles to draw solvent, sometimes causing cavitation. They may result from algae growth, crystallization of buffer salts, or clogged inlet filters. Troubleshooting involves disconnecting outlet tubing to check for continuous solvent flow, while prevention requires filtering solvents, using clean solutions, and flushing lines regularly, especially after system shutdowns.</p><h4><strong>5) General considerations</strong></h4><p>Degasser issues are often linked with the mobile phase quality. Using poorly prepared or contaminated solvents can lead to persistent problems. Maintaining clean, filtered, and fresh solvents helps ensure smooth operation and minimizes downtime.</p></div></div>

Degassing Techniques in HPLC: Inline vs Offline

Everything to know about osmolality

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 13th July 2026? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you posters by <strong>Agilent Technologies / ASMS, Shimadzu / ASMS, Thermo Fisher Scientific / HPLC Symposium </strong>and<strong> Waters Corporation / HPLC Symposium </strong>and technical note by<strong> KNAUER!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies / ASMS: Intact Protein Analysis in Plasma Using Automated 2D-LC/TOF with Multiple Heart-Cutting</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_intact_protein_mhc_2d_lc_tof_wp_679_asms_2026_en_agilent_edb54f4854.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Direct intact and top-down protein analysis enables comprehensive characterization of proteoforms, post-translational modifications, and fragments that are often lost in bottom-up workflows.1 However, intact mass analysis in complex biological matrices such as whole plasma is challenged by extreme dynamic range and ion suppression, commonly necessitating affinity-based enrichment.&nbsp;</p><p>Here, we demonstrate a non-affinity, orthogonal separation strategy using a 2D-LC/TOF workflow with multi-heart-cutting for native intact protein analysis directly in plasma. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) trastuzumab and antibody-drug conjugate T-DM1, were used as model systems to evaluate performance.&nbsp;</p><p>The workflow employs an Agilent 1290 Infinity III 2D-LC system for orthogonal separations and precise multiple heart-cutting, coupled to a high-resolution, high-sensitivity Agilent 6230C Accurate Mass TOF LC/MS System.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>Instrumentation&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1290+Infinity+III+2D-LC"><strong>Agilent 1290 Infinity III 2D-LC system </strong></a>comprised the following modules:&nbsp;<ul><li>1290 Infinity III Bio Multisampler with Thermostat (G7137A)&nbsp;</li><li>1290 Infinity III Multicolumn Thermostat (G7116B)&nbsp;</li><li>1290 Infinity III Diode Array Detector (G7117B) with Max-Light cartridge cell (G7117-60020)&nbsp;</li><li>1260 Infinity III Bio Flexible Pump (G7131C)&nbsp;</li><li>1290 Infinity III Bio High-speed Pump (G7132A)&nbsp;</li><li>1290 Infinity Valve Drive (G1170A) with 2D-LC ASM Valve (G5643B)&nbsp;</li><li>Two 1290 Infinity III Valve Drives (G1170A) with multiple heart-cutting valves (G5642-64000) equipped with 40 µL Bio loops&nbsp;</li><li>1290 Infinity III Valve Drive (G1170A) with a 2- position/6-port valve (G4231A) (used as a diverter valve)&nbsp;</li></ul></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=6230C"><strong>Agilent 6230C Accurate Mass TOF LC/MS System</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>LC/MS Analysis&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>Data acquisition and analysis were carried out using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=MassHunter+acquisition"><strong>MassHunter acquisition</strong></a> (12.2), <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=BioConfirm"><strong>BioConfirm</strong></a> (12.1) and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=MassHunter+Qualitative+Analysis"><strong>MassHunter Qualitative Analysis </strong></a>(13.0) software.</p><h4><strong>Conclusions</strong></h4><ul><li>Agilent 2D-LC enables direct native MS analysis of intact proteins from plasma without affinity-based enrichment.&nbsp;</li><li>UV-guided and multiple heart-cutting simplify 2D-LC method development and provide high-resolution isolation of native proteins from complex biological matrices such as plasma.&nbsp;</li><li>The Agilent 6230C Accurate Mass TOF delivers high sensitivity and excellent mass accuracy, enabling confident intact protein characterization under native conditions.</li></ul><h3><strong>2. KNAUER: Mind the pressure in preparative up-scaling – effects of particle size and solvent composition on back pressure</strong></h3><ul><li>Technical note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/VTN_0051_knauer_mind_the_pressure_in_preparative_up_scaling_effects_of_particle_size_and_solvent_comp_12e49884d3.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>The back pressure of a chromatographic system is generated by the system components, the capillaries, the column, the solvent, and the applied flow rate. Each system has a maximum pressure which it can sustain, and therefore the pressure must be monitored as it is a limiting factor during method development. The back pressure generated by a column is dependent on the particle size and its length. The development of a preparative method is ideally performed on an analytical scale and after optimization the method is then scaled up to preparative scale.</p><p>As preparative HPLC systems normally have lower maximum pressures, it is important to keep the generated pressure in the range of the later preparative system.&nbsp;</p><p>The larger the particles of the column material are, the lower will be the generated back pressure. With increasing particle size, the resolution is decreasing at the same time. Depending on the separation task, the resolution can be a critical point, and it is important to find the right compromise between resolution and backpressure. Additionally, larger particles are significantly less price intensive, which is another factor to be considered especially for large scale purifications. Often solvent mixtures of water with acetonitrile, methanol or ethanol are used for reverse phased methods. Depending on the organic solvent composition, the generated back pressure differs significantly which could be reduced by changing the solvent composition slightly or the organic solvent if possible. The back pressure generated by the solvent will not or only slightly change during the up-scaling process.&nbsp;</p><p>Here, the influence of particle size, flow rate and solvent composition on the back pressure was evaluated. Further, a practical scale-up was performed to evaluate the values obtained on analytical scale to those in larger scale.</p><h4><strong>User Tips:&nbsp;</strong></h4><ul><li>What is the finale scale you want to operate later?&nbsp;</li><li>What are the pressure limitations of the preparative system?&nbsp;</li><li>Be aware of the solvent back pressure&nbsp;</li><li>Consider particle size not only for best separation&nbsp;</li><li>Consider the flow rate</li></ul><h4><strong>MATERIAL AND METHODS&nbsp;</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Pump: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2372"><strong>AZURA® P 6.1LHPG</strong></a>, 10 ml, sst&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Autosampler: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2375"><strong>AZURA AS 6.1L</strong></a></li><li><strong>Detector:</strong> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2423"><strong>UV AZURA DAD 2.1L&nbsp;</strong></a></li><li><strong>Flow cell: </strong>Pressure proof 10 mm, 10 µl, 300 bar&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Thermostat:</strong> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2376"><strong>CT2.1&nbsp;</strong></a></li><li><strong>Columns:&nbsp;</strong><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1633"><strong>Eurospher II 100-5 C18, 150 x 4.6 mm&nbsp;</strong></a></li><li>Eurospher II 100-10 C18, 150 x 4.6 mm&nbsp;</li><li>Eurospher II 100-15 C18, 150 x 4.6 mm&nbsp;</li><li>Eurospher II 100-20/45 C18, 150 x 4.6 mm &nbsp;</li></ul></li><li><strong>Software&nbsp;</strong><ul><li>ClarityChrom 10.1&nbsp;</li><li>ClarityChrom 10.1 PDA extension</li></ul></li></ul><h4><strong>CONCLUSION&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The back pressures of four C18 150 x 4.6 mm columns, which differed only in particle size were measured and compared at different flow rates and solvent compositions. As expected, the 5 µm column showed the highest and the 20/45 µm column the lowest back pressure at all tested conditions. The pressure curves of ethanol and methanol gradients were similar, with a maximum pressure at approximately 50% solvent. The pressure curve of the acetonitrile gradient differed from the other two, showing the highest pressure at a lower organic solvent content of approximately 35%, after which the pressure dropped. Ethanol showed the highest pressure, followed by methanol and then acetonitrile. Determining the column back pressure at an analytical scale is an important tool during preparative method development. Ideally, if a linear scale up from the analytical to the preparative scale is conducted, the column back pressure should stay the same. This helps to predict if the method can be scaled up to the desired size in terms of back pressure.</p><h3><strong>3. Shimadzu / ASMS: Enhanced Quantification of Emerging UV Filter Contaminants in Drinking Water Using Optimized LC-MS/MS Technique</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/TP_121_Enhanced_Quantification_of_Emerging_UV_Filter_Contaminants_in_Drinking_Water_Using_Optimized_LC_MSMS_Technique_e733c64828.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Ultraviolet (UV) filter chemicals from sunscreens and personal care products are increasingly recognized as emerging contaminants of concern in drinking water1 . Their persistence and reported biological effects highlight the need for sensitive and reliable monitoring approaches2 . The objectives were to optimize quantitation to achieve ppt level detection without offline extraction and assess the occurrence of these compounds in multiple drinking water matrices. In this study, 20 UV filters were analyzed using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=LCMS-8060RX"><strong>Shimadzu LCMS8060RX triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.</strong></a></p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>A highly sensitive, precise, and robust direct injection LC–MS/MS method enables sub-ppt to high-ppb quantification of 20 UV filters in drinking water. Overall, the highly sensitive and robust Shimadzu LCMS-8060RX Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer combined with this extraction-free workflow provides a simple, reliable, and high-throughput approach for quantifying emerging UV filters at ng/L concentrations in drinking water.</p><h3><strong>4. Thermo Fisher Scientific / HPLC Symposium: Comparison of biocompatible and inert UHPLC systems for LC-UV quantitation of large RNA</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_004752_hplc_vanquish_amplify_metal_sensitive_analyte_analysis_po004752_na_en_ff99cfde49.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Accurate LC-UV analysis of large RNA and oligonucleotide therapeutics requires highly inert chromatographic flow paths because interactions between the negatively charged phosphodiester backbone and metallic surfaces can cause analyte loss, peak broadening, and reduced quantitative sensitivity, particularly at low concentration.&nbsp;</p><p>Here, an inert UHPLC system – Vanquish Amplify system, incorporating inert-coated flow path components was evaluated against a biocompatible UHPLC configuration using MP35N alloy capillaries and additionally against a commercially available inert UHPLC platform. Large RNA fragments of 500 and 5000 nucleotides were analyzed by IP-RPLC to assess the difference between these systems. To further investigate flow path interactions, adenosine 5′- (α,β-methylene) diphosphate (AMPcP), a metal-sensitive analyte, was analyzed alongside adenosine, a noninteracting reference compound.</p><h5><strong>Material and Methods</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Instrumentation: </strong>Thermo Scientific Vanquish Amplify UHPLC system</li><li><strong>Column:</strong> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=SurePac+Oligo"><strong>Thermo Scientific SurePac Oligo RP MDi HPLC column</strong></a>,<br>2.5 µm 2.1 X 50 mm (P/N: 43712-052132</li><li><strong>Data Analysis: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/76"><strong>The Thermo Scientific Chromeleon Software 7.3.2 MUc Chromatography Data System (CDS)</strong></a> was used for all data acquisition and analysis.</li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusions&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Using AMPcP with the Vanquish Amplify system demonstrated up to a twofold increase in sensitivity compared to systems with MP35N fluidics under conditions where metal interactions are most pronounced&nbsp;</p><p>For large RNA, the Vanquish Amplify UHPLC system delivered 1.25–1.35× higher signal intensity compared to systems with MP35N fluidics, enabling reduced sample consumption and improved quantitative reliability.&nbsp;</p><p>The Vanquish Amplify UHPLC system demonstrated comparable system inertness under the tested conditions for larger RNA fragments (5,000 nt) and slightly better system inertness for smaller fragments (500 nt) in this study than the MaxPeak HPS containing system, based on peak height and area comparisons using an external UV detector</p><h3><strong>5. Waters Corporation / HPLC Symposium: Development and Transfer of Quantitative Analytical Methods using Universal Detectors</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720009493_8cbe4c3cc2.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><div><div><section><div><div><div><div><div><div><p>Universal detectors such as <strong>Charged Aerosol Detection (CAD)</strong> and <strong>Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (ELSD)</strong> provide valuable alternatives to traditional LC detectors including UV, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry, particularly for analytes lacking chromophores. Although both detectors are suitable for quantitative analysis, they rely on different detection principles—CAD measures the electrical charge transferred to aerosol particles, whereas ELSD detects light scattered by dried analyte particles. Because both detectors exhibit non-linear responses, quantitative methods typically require calibration models such as log-log linear or quadratic regression rather than conventional linear calibration. The poster discusses key considerations for developing robust quantitative methods and highlights the challenges associated with transferring methods between different universal detection platforms.</p><p>To demonstrate detector transferability, the authors migrated a <strong>HILIC method for sugar analysis in fruit juice</strong> from ELSD to CAD. The separation was performed on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/306"><strong>Waters Arc HPLC System</strong></a> equipped with an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=5&amp;search=XBridge+BEH+Amide"><strong>XBridge BEH Amide</strong></a><strong> (4.6 × 150 mm, 2.5 μm)</strong> column using a water/acetonitrile gradient containing triethylamine. While the chromatographic conditions remained unchanged, CAD detector parameters were optimized. Both detectors produced highly comparable quantitative performance across a calibration range of <strong>50–1000 μg/mL</strong>, achieving calibration coefficients (R²) above <strong>0.995</strong>, area RSD values below <strong>1.5%</strong>, and nearly identical concentrations of fructose, sorbitol, glucose, and sucrose in an apple juice sample. These results demonstrate that quantitative HILIC methods can be successfully transferred between ELSD and CAD with only detector-specific optimization.</p><p>The poster also evaluates method transfer between different CAD platforms using the <strong>USP Deoxycholic Acid assay</strong>. The method was implemented on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/198"><strong>Waters ACQUITY UPLC H-Class PLUS System</strong></a> with an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1823"><strong>XBridge BEH C18</strong></a><strong> (4.6 × 150 mm, 3.5 μm)</strong> column and compared against a competing LC/CAD system. After scaling the method according to <strong>USP Chapter &lt;621&gt;</strong>, both systems met all USP system suitability requirements, including repeatability and signal-to-noise criteria. Quantitative results for deoxycholic acid and related impurities were virtually identical, confirming that validated CAD methods can be reliably transferred between different vendors' LC/CAD platforms without compromising analytical performance.</p><p>Overall, the study demonstrates that both ELSD and CAD are robust universal detection techniques for quantitative liquid chromatography. While method transfer between identical detector types is generally straightforward, successful migration between ELSD and CAD—or between different CAD systems—requires careful optimization of detector parameters while preserving chromatographic conditions. The presented workflows illustrate that with appropriate calibration and detector tuning, laboratories can achieve equivalent sensitivity, precision, and quantitative accuracy, facilitating method standardization and transfer across analytical platforms.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></section></div></div>

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 29, 2026

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Everything from the world of analytical chemistry in one place. We connect people in solving their problems. At Labrulez you will find all the necessary information easily, quickly and clearly. Stop searching and start finding.

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Phenomenex is a global technology leader committed to developing novel analytical chemistry solutions that solve the separation and purification challenges of researchers in industrial, government and academic laboratories.

Phenomenex

Based in Berlin, KNAUER is a medium-sized, owner-managed company that has been serving the sciences since 1962. We develop and manufacture scientific instruments of superior quality for liquid chromatography, including: Analytical HPLC/UHPLC, Preparative HPLC, Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), Multi-column chromatography/Simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography. High pressure dosing, in-line detection systems, and osmometry are additional business areas.

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DataApex

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Agilent Technologies

Thermo Fisher Scientific

Wiley

Shimadzu Corporation

<p><strong>Ion Chromatography (IC) is an established and useful analytical tool for pharmaceutical applications. Many times, IC is faster, easier to implement, and offers significant advantages over traditional wet chemistry methods. In fact, the United States Pharmacopeia has modernized a substantial number of monographs to stipulate IC methods for numerous pharmaceutical assays of APIs and analysis of impurities and excipients.</strong></p>
<p>In this webinar, you will hear about recently validated IC methods for various assays and their associated impurities and challenges associated with some magnesium-based OTC products.</p>
<p>We will also review the basics of IC and various sample preparation techniques to overcome difficult sample matrices. A live Q&amp;A session will be hosted at the end of the webinar to address any questions you may have.<br/>Key learning points of this webinar:</p>
<ul>
<li>Understand newly validated IC methods for pharmaceutical applications.</li>
<li>Learn how ion chromatography can be used for fast and reliable salt identification, assay, and impurities. </li>
<li>Learn what strategies are available for automation of sample preparation to deal with difficult sample matrices.</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Linx Waclaski (Product Manager Ion Chromatography, Metrohm USA)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Linx Waclaski is the Product Manager for Ion Chromatography at Metrohm USA in Riverview, Florida. He has years of experience in multiple chromatographic techniques, including ion chromatography, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry, with extensive experience in R&amp;D and applications development. His chromatography applications experience extends across environmental, food safety, and life sciences industries. He has an M.S. in Forensic Science from Duquesne University.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Shibu Paul (Product Specialist Ion Chromatography, Metrohm USA)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Shibu Paul, Product Specialist for Ion Chromatography at Metrohm USA, has more than 30 years of experience in the food, environmental and instrumentation industries, working in positions from bench chemist to laboratory director. He has a Ph.D. in Environmental Chemistry from Cochin University of Science &amp; Technology, India and an M.B.A. from the University of South Florida.</p>
</blockquote>


Metrohm: Ion Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Applications

Ion Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Applications

Recently validated IC methods for various assays and their associated impurities and challenges associated with some magnesium-based OTC products.

<p><strong>We have an exciting virtual three-day agenda with great speakers from industry experts, workshops, and poster sessions.</strong></p>
<p>Come and listen to industry experts to discover IC in the world of</p>
<ul>
<li>Glycan research</li>
<li>Pesticides</li>
<li>Metabolomics </li>
<li>Pharmaceutical analysis</li>
<li>Industrial processes</li>
<li>Geochemistry</li>
<li>Food and beverage</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Discover tools, tips, and tricks to get the most out of your IC analysis in our IC workshops.</strong></p>
<p>Registration and the agenda will be available soon - Watch this space.</p>


Thermo Scientific: Global IC Symposium 2023

Global IC Symposium 2023 - Day 1

We have an exciting virtual three-day agenda with great speakers from industry experts, workshops, and poster sessions.

Thermo Scientific Global IC Symposium 2023

<p><strong>While the application of Mass Spectrometry (MS) Imaging is rapidly growing, its usage is largely limited to experienced scientists. Shimadzu’s Benchtop MALDI-TOF, however, offers a compact, affordable, and user-friendly option to all. Moreover, when combined with the automated matrix applicator (iMLayer suite), our Benchtop MALDI-TOF provides a game-changing solution suitable to all users regardless of skill level.</strong></p>
<p>In this webinar, we will showcase how our workflow offers simplified sample preparation, a complete imaging solution in a compact footprint, an imaging starter kit customizable based on your needs, and intuitive software for data analysis. This workflow will be suitable in research applications from analysis of small molecules such as lipids to large molecules such as protein, peptides, polymers etc.</p>
<p>Join us to learn how you can become an expert in MS imaging with Shimadzu&#39;s MALDI-TOF today.</p>
<p>Learning Objectives:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Learn how Shimadzu offers total solutions for MALDI Imaging</strong></li>
<li><strong>Learn about our patented Two-step Vapour Deposition Method for optimal sample preparation</strong></li>
<li><strong>Learn about our user-friendly interface for easy data analysis of MALDI Images</strong></li>
<li><strong>Applications of Shimadzu&#39;s Benchtop MALDI Imaging suite</strong></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Naatasha Isahak (Product Specialist, Shimadzu (Asia Pacific) Pte Ltd)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Naatasha Isahak is a Product Specialist for MALDI and Life Sciences Products from Shimadzu Asia Pacific Pte Ltd. She has received her PhD from the University of Sydney (Chemistry) working on surface initiated polymerisation on silica nanoparticles using RAFT polymerisation and bioorthogonal conjugation of peptides using Native Chemical Ligation. She then spent 5 years working on developing platforms for stem cells and organoids characterization that included working with microfluidic devices and helical polymers. Naatasha joined Shimadzu in 2022 to expand her experiences to MALDI characterization on materials and biological samples.</p>
</blockquote>


Shimadzu: MALDI-Imaging For All: A Researcher’s Guide

MALDI-Imaging For All: A Researcher’s Guide

Join us to learn how you can become an expert in MS imaging with Shimadzu's MALDI-TOF today.

<p><strong>Join us in this webinar to discuss on GPC method development for various large/polymer samples, including GPC principles, designing and execution of method development for various types of large/polymer samples.</strong></p>
<p>In this webinar, we will discuss below applications:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Overview of GPC and respective Detectors use</strong></li>
<li><strong>Designing and Selection of mobile phase</strong></li>
<li><strong>Designing of various method parameters and conditions for good resolution, peak response and shape</strong></li>
<li><strong>Column selection criteria for better results</strong></li>
<li><strong>Overview of Agilent GPC columns</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>By attending this webinar you will learn: The systematic ways in designing GPC method development experiments and selection of key components, parameters and column based on the sample type and properties.</p>
<p>*Attend all 3 sessions and get a digital certificate from Agilent</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Dr. Ramaprasad Ganni (Technical Support Specialist, Agilent Technologies)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Ramaprasad Ganni has 21 years of experience in the field of Chromatography and Column chemistries. Working with Agilent technologies India, since 2008 in Chemistries and Supplies division. Previously Worked for Elsevier GmbH, and Millipore India Pvt, Ltd. Responsible for Workflow solutions development, providing technical support, and trainings. Experienced in Sample prep, HPLC, GC, Mass spec and GPC Chromatography technologies.</p>
</blockquote>


Agilent Technologies: GPC Method Development : It’s not just about sample size in solution

GPC Method Development : It’s not just about sample size in solution

GPC method development experiments and selection of key components, parameters and column based on the sample type and properties.

GPC Method Development : It’s not just about sample size

<p><strong>Free webinar. We will show you how to work with sequences in Clarity Chromatography Software and answer your questions.</strong></p>
<p>We all know the importance of getting work done quickly and efficiently, but sometimes we struggle.</p>
<p>If you&#39;re a user of Clarity Chromatography Software, we&#39;ve got some great news for you!</p>
<p>Our upcoming FREE WEBINAR will show you how to use sequences smartly. We&#39;ll cover everything from setting up sequences to optimizing them for maximum efficiency.</p>
<p>This is a great opportunity to learn about the software&#39;s advanced capabilities and gain valuable insights into how you can improve your workflows.</p>
<p><strong>Don&#39;t miss this chance to improve your skills and knowledge of Clarity Chromatography Software.</strong></p>


DataApex: Ask the Expert: Effective work with sequences in Clarity

Ask the Expert: Effective work with sequences in Clarity

Free webinar. We will show you how to work with sequences in Clarity Chromatography Software and answer your questions.

<p><strong>Titration, as we know it, is almost 200 years old, but has only gained in importance since. To this day, it is a critical technique used to ensure the quality and safety of many products we consume daily. While not a complicated technique, there are some subtleties that can help ensure your titration results are accurate. Simple electrode care and optimization of basic titration parameters can take the guesswork out of your analysis and help you obtain results you can trust.</strong></p>
<p>During this webinar, Eduardo Simões, Product Specialist for Titration at Metrohm USA, will share best practices for accurate titrations and tips that he’s picked up in his 20 years of performing titrations. Dr. Kerri-Ann Blake, Product Manager for Titration at Metrohm USA, will discuss how updated titration software can improve traceability and alert you to results that do not meet quality standards. The live event will conclude with a Q&amp;A, where you’ll get the chance to ask about your specific titrations. </p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Eduardo Simões (Titration Product Specialist, Metrohm USA)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Eduardo Simões, MSc is the Titration Product Specialist at Metrohm USA in Riverview, Florida. He received his bachelor and masters in analytical chemistry at the University of Campinas, Brazil. He joined Metrohm Brazil as an application specialist in 2003. Over the last 20 years with Metrohm, he specialized in potentiometry and electroanalysis, gaining extensive field experience in applications and instrument installations, technical support and training. Before moving to the US, Eduardo managed the application lab at Metrohm Brazil where he extended his knowledge to other analytical techniques. In addition, Eduardo has experience developing and implementing ISO methods.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Kerri-Ann Blake (Titration Product Manager, Metrohm USA)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Dr. Kerri-Ann Blake is the Titration Product Manager at Metrohm USA in Riverview, Florida. She earned her PhD in Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Florida where she was a researcher at the Particle Engineering Research Center. In her years with Metrohm USA, she has performed proof of concept studies, internal and external trainings and provided applications support. Kerri-Ann plays a key role in product support and product marketing and also has experience developing and implementing ASTM methods.</p>
</blockquote>


Metrohm: Don’t Miss the Endpoint – Titrate It Right the First Time!

Don’t Miss the Endpoint – Titrate It Right the First Time!

We will share best practices for accurate titrations and tips that he’s picked up in his 20 years of performing titrations.

<p><strong>This webinar will focus on untargeted LC/MS Omics solutions that will provide the biological insights needed to produce meaningful results. An emphasis will be spent on an End-to-End HILIC metabolomics workflow for our LC/Q-TOF platform.</strong></p>
<p>This includes automate sample preparation for cells and plasma, a Bio LC that is fit for purpose for metal sensitive analysis, robust and transferable HILIC chromatography, the 6546 LC/Q-TOF data independent analysis of samples, with an ID workflow that includes a new HILIC PCDL with 500 core metabolism analytes with spectra and retention time annotation.</p>
<p>For unknowns not found in Agilent PCDLs, SIRIUS/CSI:FingerID which uses AI predict structure from spectra and conducts online identification search will be demonstrated. A complementary targeted multi-omics workflow will be briefly mentioned before sharing the new Ion Mobility and ExD technologies for high end LC/MS Omics investigations.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Karen E. Yannell (Omics Workflow Specialist, Agilent Technologies)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Karen E. Yannell is an Omics Workflow Specialist at Agilent Technologies. She is an expert in small molecule high throughput analysis by triple quadrupole (TQ) and quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometry for applied markets. Her recent work has focused on developing targeted metabolomics methods and routine Q-TOF workflows for both expert and non-expert users alike. Previously, Karen worked on forensic, metabolomics, and biomarker discovery applications with ambient ionization sources. She received her PhD in Analytical Chemistry from Purdue University where studied under the advisement of Prof. R. Graham Cooks. </p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Dr. Martin Graf-Utzmann (Editor, Wiley Analytical Science, Moderator)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Dr. Martin Graf-Utzmann has a Ph.D. in Theoretical Chemistry and is an editor for Wiley Analytical Science. His interests are mainly Laboratory Automation, Digitalization, and Lab Equipment.</p>
</blockquote>


Wiley Analytical Science: Jump Start Your LC/Q-TOF Omics Investigation with Reliable Workflows

Jump Start Your LC/Q-TOF Omics Investigation with Reliable Workflows

This webinar will focus on untargeted LC/MS Omics solutions that will provide the biological insights needed to produce meaningful results.

Your LC/Q-TOF Omics Investigation with Reliable Workflows

<p><strong>This year we invite you to ignite your mind to Be Curious about what Ion chromatography (IC) can do with its versatility in many detections across the IC application spectrum to improve your workflows and solve challenges.</strong></p>
<p>During this three day virtual event, learn from a panel of experts how the latest IC applications are helping colleagues achieve breakthroughs, and walk away with valuable information on how advancements in IC can increase laboratory analytical capabilities. </p>
<p>Although each day is convenient for a specific region, you can attend any session on any day. All sessions and workshops will be available for on-demand viewing after the event concludes.</p>
<h3><strong>Day 1 Agenda | April 18 | North and South America</strong></h3>
<p>Discover IC column development, and where it’s headed with mass spectrometry, as they can be an integral detection for carbohydrate profiling and environmental metabolites characterization. Learn how standalone IC can solve industrial samples and degradation products with comprehensive IC information, all at once.</p>
<h5><strong>11:30 EDT: Opening Plenary: The Past, Present, and Future of IC Column Development</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Alexandra Zatirakha (Thermo Fisher Scientific, IC/SP R&amp;D, Sunnyvale)</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>12:30 EDT: Characterizing Carbohydrate Degradation Products from Bacteroides Thetaiotaomicron to Understand Bacterial Dextran Utilization in the Gut</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Neil Rumachik (Thermo Fisher Scientific, IC/SP R&amp;D, Sunnyvale)</li>
<li>Fiona Cuskin (Newcastle University, UK)</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>1:30 PM EDT: Toward Comprehensive Chemical Characterization of Metabolomic Using Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid Mass Spectrometer Coupled with Ion and Liquid Chromatography Techniques: Dissolved Organic Matter as an Example</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Hussain Abdulla (Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University-Corpus Christi)</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>2:30 PM EDT: The Use of Ion Chromatography in the Monitoring of Degradation Products from the Electrochemical Treatment Of Organic Compounds</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Emily Tossi (Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte)</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>3:30 PM EDT: Ion Chromatography as a Tool for Industrial Problem Solving</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Isaac Negrete and Stephen Fosdick (Dow)</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>4:30 PM EDT: Workshop: Everything, Everywhere, All at Once IC!</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Kelly Femrite (IC/SP Product Support, Sunnyvale)</li>
<li>Carl Fisher (IC/SP Product Marketing, Sunnyvale)</li>
<li>Criss Corchard-Keeler (Service Marketing Manager, CMD/MOL Thermo Fisher Scientific)</li>
</ul>


Thermo Fisher Scientific: IC Symposium 2023

IC Symposium 2023 - Day 1

Join us for the 2023 Global IC Symposium! North and South America

<p><strong>This year we invite you to ignite your mind to Be Curious about what Ion chromatography (IC) can do with its versatility in many detections across the IC application spectrum to improve your workflows and solve challenges.</strong></p>
<p>During this three day virtual event, learn from a panel of experts how the latest IC applications are helping colleagues achieve breakthroughs, and walk away with valuable information on how advancements in IC can increase laboratory analytical capabilities. </p>
<p>Although each day is convenient for a specific region, you can attend any session on any day. All sessions and workshops will be available for on-demand viewing after the event concludes.</p>
<h3><strong>Day 2 Agenda | April 19 | Europe and Africa</strong></h3>
<p>Untap the versatility of ion chromatography with challenging analytes such as chlorate, sulfite, cationic polar pesticides, and glycoprotein sialic acid in tricky matrices while optimizing your workflow.</p>
<h5><strong>9:00 AM CET: Opening Plenary: Untapped Potential in Ion Chromatography for Resolving Analytical Challenges</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Detlef Jensen (Thermo Fisher Scientific, IC Expert)</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>11:00 AM CET: Determination of Chlorate in Agar Samples Using Ion Chromatography</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Flavio Zanetti (Biopolife Srl, Trieste, Italy)</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>12:00 PM CET: Determination of Sulphur Dioxide in Foods by Ion Chromatography</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Noel Finn (Public Analyst Laboratory, St. Finbarr’s Hospital, Douglas Road, Cork)</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>1:00 PM CET: 30 min Lunch</strong></h5>
<h5><strong>1:30 PM CET: Analysis of Polar Cationic Pesticides by IC-MS</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Anatte Margalit (DAFM)</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>2:30 PM CET: Determination of Glycoprotein Sialic Acid Composition Using HPAE-PAD in Dual Eluent Generation Cartridge Mode</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Jingli Hu (Thermo Fisher Scientific, IC/SP Applications, Sunnyvale)</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>3:30 PM CET: Optimizing Your IC Workflow Using Chromeleon CDS</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Dan Talbot (Thermo Fisher Scientific, IC/SP Senior, Application Sales Support, UK &amp; Ireland)</li>
</ul>


IC Symposium 2023 - Day 2

Join us for the 2023 Global IC Symposium! Europe and Africa

<p><strong>This year we invite you to ignite your mind to Be Curious about what Ion chromatography (IC) can do with its versatility in many detections across the IC application spectrum to improve your workflows and solve challenges.</strong></p>
<p>During this three day virtual event, learn from a panel of experts how the latest IC applications are helping colleagues achieve breakthroughs, and walk away with valuable information on how advancements in IC can increase laboratory analytical capabilities. </p>
<p>Although each day is convenient for a specific region, you can attend any session on any day. All sessions and workshops will be available for on-demand viewing after the event concludes.</p>
<h3><strong>Day 3 Agenda | April 20 | Asia Pacific</strong></h3>
<p>Expand the world of electrochemistry applications and IC hyphenation with high-resolution mass spectrometry and understand how Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry can speciate isotopes while simplifying Pharmacopeia QC analysis and keeping your IC in top-notch condition.</p>
<h5><strong>11:00 AM SGT: Opening Plenary: Electrochemical Detection and Its Application in Ion Chromatography</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Yan Liu (Thermo Fisher Scientific, IC/SP R&amp;D, Sunnyvale)</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>12:00 PM SGT: Application of Anion Chromatography Coupled High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry to Increase Cellular Metabolite Coverage</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Vinzenz Hofferek (McConville Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology)</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>1:00 PM SGT: Analysis of Anhydrosugars and Xylooligosaccharides by Ion Chromatography with Electrospray Lithium Cationisation-Triple Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Dr. Estrella Sanz Rodriguez (Natural Products Analysis, Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), University of Tasmania)</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>2:00 PM SGT: You Gotta Keep ‘Em Separated: Novel IC Applications for Subsequent Isotopic Analyses by Rapid and/or Hyphenated Techniques</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Dr. Brandon Mahan (College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University)</li>
<li>Grace Manestar (IsoTropics PhD Candidate)</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>3:00 PM SGT: Use of Ion Chromatography in Pharmaceutical Quality Control</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Catherine Frankis and Stella Planou (Reading Scientific Services Ltd., Reading Science Centre, Whiteknights Campus)</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>4:00 PM SGT: Tips on Keeping Your Ion Chromatography in Top-Notch Condition</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Ryan Ong (Thermo Fisher Scientific, IC/SP Application Sales Support, Singapore)</li>
</ul>


IC Symposium 2023 - Day 3