<div><p><strong>Air bubbles in an HPLC system can disrupt pumping reliability, cause baseline noise, and result in poor result reproducibility and valve function. To prevent these, proper mobile phase degassing is essential.&nbsp;</strong></p><p>Degassing in HPLC not only ensures stable pumping but also improves sensitivity and accuracy by preventing dissolved oxygen from forming bubbles that interfere with detectors such as UV-VIS, fluorescence, refractive index, or electrochemical. Effective HPLC solvent degassing is therefore a critical step for stable, accurate, and reproducible chromatography.</p></div><div><div><div><div><h3><strong>What is HPLC Solvent Degassing and Why is it Necessary?</strong></h3></div></div></div></div><div><p>When solvents such as water, buffers, acetonitrile, and methanol contact the atmosphere, nitrogen and oxygen dissolve into them. When mixed, their combined air content can exceed the solubility of the mixture, creating a supersaturated condition that leads to outgassing and bubble formation. These bubbles disrupt <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.phenomenex.com/techniques/hplc">HPLC</a> performance by causing unstable baselines, bad peak shape, pump cavitation, retention time shifting, and loss of sensitivity.</p><p>In pumps, air can stop flowing or cause erratic retention times, while in optical detectors, bubbles scatter light and generate noise or false signals. Although it is not necessary to remove all dissolved air, degassing in HPLC lowers gas levels below supersaturation and prevents these issues. Low-pressure mixing systems are especially prone to bubble formation, whereas high-pressure mixing reduces outgassing because solvents blend under elevated pressure.</p></div><div><div><div><div><h3><strong>Types of Degassing Techniques in HPLC</strong></h3></div></div></div></div><div><p>Degassing the mobile phase was once a major concern in liquid chromatography with outgassing problems being among the most common issues during the first decades of its use. The introduction of inline degassers in HPLC in the past 15–20 years has significantly reduced the occurrence of these problems, to the point that many users today have little experience with them. However, while inline degassing prevents most solvent outgassing issues, it does not eliminate all problems caused by dissolved air.</p></div><div><div><div><div><h4><strong>Inline Degassing</strong></h4></div></div></div></div><div><p>Inline degassing works by passing the mobile phase through a gas-permeable membrane within a vacuum chamber, allowing dissolved gases to escape while retaining the liquid. Different techniques include:</p><ul><li><strong>Vacuum degasser:</strong> Inline vacuum degassers, now standard in most modern HPLC systems, have greatly reduced bubble-related pump issues by efficiently removing dissolved gases. Solvents pass through porous tubing within a vacuum chamber, where gases diffuse out through micropores to waste, while the degassed liquid continues flowing onto the pump.</li><li><strong>Membrane degasser:</strong> Over the years, various polymer materials have been tried with varying success for degassers. Modern degassers use a thin, highly gas-permeable membrane, making the degassing process very efficient.</li></ul></div><div><div><div><div><h5><strong>Advantages</strong></h5></div></div></div></div><div><p>Inline degassers are highly reliable and effective at reducing dissolved gases in the mobile phase to acceptable levels and are now standard in most HPLC systems. It is usually automatic and trouble-free. They require little to no maintenance, making them convenient and reliable for routine use.</p></div><div><div><div><div><h5><strong>Limitations</strong></h5></div></div></div></div><div><p>Despite their effectiveness, inline degassers do not remove all dissolved air from the mobile phase. The residual air can still cause problems in certain sensitive applications. Membrane replacement, vacuum pump failure, or damaged tubing can also cause issues, so proper maintenance is essential to avoid costly repairs. Additionally, microbial growth in the buffer can block membrane pores and contaminate the entire HPLC system. To prevent microbial growth, contamination, or blockages, it is best not to store the degasser with water or buffer in the tubing and to flush with 30% phosphoric acid followed by water if contamination occurs.</p></div><div><div><div><div><h4><strong>Offline Degassing</strong></h4></div></div></div></div><div><p>Offline degassing involves removing dissolved air from the mobile phase before it enters the HPLC system. The techniques include:</p><ul><li><strong>Helium sparging:</strong> This method requires a solvent inlet filter to prevent particulates and improve gas dispersion, but the degassed solvent can reabsorb air once in the system. To reduce bubble formation, slight back pressure should be maintained, often using a backpressure regulator after the detector. Helium purging can remove <strong>up to 80% of dissolved air</strong>, requiring equal helium volume for organic–aqueous phases. However, the flow rate should be reduced over time to avoid losing volatile components.</li><li><strong>Vacuum filtration:</strong> Vacuum degassing removes <strong>over 60%</strong> of dissolved air from the mobile phase and is performed through batch-wise treatment. It can also be done during filtration, before the chromatographic process with a 0.45 or 0.22 μm membrane filter, though this method is less effective.</li><li><strong>Sonication:</strong> Ultrasonic baths alone are not effective for degassing, as they remove<strong> only about 20-30% of dissolved gases</strong>, while at least 50% removal is needed. However, when combined with helium sparging or vacuum degassing, sonication becomes a <strong>useful complementary method</strong>. Since ultrasonic baths are common in laboratories, they are best applied alongside other degassing techniques.</li></ul></div><div><div><div><div><h5><strong>Advantages</strong></h5></div></div></div></div><div><p>An offline degasser offers the advantage of using a 2 µm solvent inlet filter to prevent particulates from entering the mobile phase while ensuring efficient gas dispersion. It is also cost-effective and flexible, as it relies on standard laboratory equipment and can handle large solvent volumes in a batch.</p></div><div><div><div><div><h5><strong>Limitations</strong></h5></div></div></div></div><div><p>A major drawback of offline helium sparging is that the mobile phase can gradually reabsorb air once placed in the HPLC system, leading to signal loss and changing sensitivity. Additionally, helium sparging can be expensive as it requires specialized gas cylinders.</p><h3><strong>Inline vs Offline Degassing: Side-by-Side Comparison</strong></h3><h5><strong>Timing:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Offline Degassing: </strong>It is usually done before the mobile phase enters the HPLC run.</li><li><strong>Inline Degassing: </strong>It is a continuous process that occurs during an HPLC run.</li></ul><h5><strong>Degassing Efficiency:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Offline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>The efficiency can be variable. For instance, vacuum/sonication removes 60–70% of dissolved air, sonication alone removes <strong>20–30%</strong> of air and helium sparging removes 80% of air.</li><li><strong>Inline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>It does not remove 100% of dissolved gas, but it removes most of it. However, it prevents bubble formation.</li></ul><h5><strong>Risk of Re-dissolving:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Offline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>The risk is high as solvents can reabsorb air when exposed to the atmosphere.</li><li><strong>Inline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>The risk is low as the continuous vacuum keeps new gas from dissolving.</li></ul><h5><strong>Cost:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Offline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>Low initial investment and requires only basic lab equipment. <strong>Helium</strong> sparging can be expensive as it requires specialized gas cylinders.</li><li><strong>Inline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>Higher initial cost (dedicated degasser unit and vacuum pump).</li></ul><h5><strong>Ease of Use:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Offline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>Manual setup each time which is time-consuming.</li><li><strong>Inline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>Automated after installation.</li></ul><h5><strong>Impact on Solvent Composition:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Offline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>Some loss of volatiles is possible such as evaporation during sparging.</li><li><strong>Inline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>Solvent composition remains unchanged.</li></ul><h5><strong>Effect on Chromatographic Stability:</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Offline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>Improves initial stability but may allow bubble re-formation later.</li><li><strong>Inline Degassing:&nbsp;</strong>Very stable baselines and retention. Bubble-related problems are virtually eliminated.</li></ul><div><div><div><div><h3><strong>When to Choose Offline vs Inline Degassing</strong></h3></div></div></div></div><div><p>The choice between an offline and inline HPLC degasser depends on the situation, including factors like routine use, troubleshooting needs, and method sensitivity.</p><ol><li>Offline degassing is suitable for occasional use, limited equipment setups, or when routine inline degassing is not available. While inline degassing is preferred for routine analyses requiring consistent performance and high sensitivity.</li><li>Inline degassers have a higher initial cost but save labor. An offline degasser uses low-cost labware and is cheap to set up, though helium or other gases add to the consumable cost.</li><li>If mobile phases contain volatile organics or labile salts, avoid aggressive offline sparging/vacuum (which can evaporate components). Inline vacuum degassing is gentler on the solvent composition.</li><li>Oxygen in the mobile phase is particularly problematic for sensitive methods, such as low-wavelength UV or reductive electrochemical detection. While techniques like helium sparging and inline degassing effectively remove oxygen, remember that offline-sparged solvents are susceptible to reabsorbing air over time, which can lead to signal loss and subtle changes in sensitivity.</li></ol></div><div><div><div><div><h3><strong>Troubleshooting Degassing Issues in HPLC</strong></h3></div></div></div></div><div><h4><strong>1) Cycling of output (pressure or baseline)</strong></h4><p>Cycling patterns in pressure or the chromatogram baseline often indicate poor compressibility at the pump heads. This may result from insufficient degassing efficiency, where adding a second degassing chamber can help. It can also cause air to enter the system due to improperly connected tubing to or from the HPLC solvent degasser. Also, improper connections of the tubing on the HPLC solvent degasser can also allow air to enter the system, causing fluctuations in pressure or baseline.</p><h4><strong>2) Baseline noise</strong></h4><p>Noise on the baseline of a chromatogram may indicate problems with the gas flow system. High gas flow rates can cause short-term noise, while baseline drift (long-term fluctuations) may be due to contaminants being flushed out from a partially clogged gas line. Additionally, an unstable gas flow output can also contribute to baseline noise.</p><h4><strong>3) Leakages</strong></h4><p>Leaks often occur due to incompatibility between solvents and degasser materials. For instance, tetrahydrofuran (THF) can dry and crack degasser membranes. Additionally, improperly seated tubing connections in or out of the degasser can allow leaks to develop.</p><h4><strong>4) Blockages</strong></h4><p>Blockages create pressure ripples as the pump struggles to draw solvent, sometimes causing cavitation. They may result from algae growth, crystallization of buffer salts, or clogged inlet filters. Troubleshooting involves disconnecting outlet tubing to check for continuous solvent flow, while prevention requires filtering solvents, using clean solutions, and flushing lines regularly, especially after system shutdowns.</p><h4><strong>5) General considerations</strong></h4><p>Degasser issues are often linked with the mobile phase quality. Using poorly prepared or contaminated solvents can lead to persistent problems. Maintaining clean, filtered, and fresh solvents helps ensure smooth operation and minimizes downtime.</p></div></div>

Degassing Techniques in HPLC: Inline vs Offline

Everything to know about osmolality

<p><strong>Our Library never stops expanding. What are the most recent contributions to LabRulezLCMS Library in the week of 13th July 2026? Check out new documents from the field of liquid phase, especially HPLC and LC/MS techniques!</strong></p><blockquote><p><span style="font-size:20px;">👉 </span><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library"><span style="font-size:20px;"><strong>SEARCH THE LARGEST REPOSITORY OF DOCUMENTS ABOUT LCMS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES</strong></span></a></p></blockquote><blockquote><p><strong>👉 Need info about different analytical techniques?</strong> Peek into <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://gcms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezGCMS</strong></a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://icpms.labrulez.com/library"><strong>LabRulezICPMS</strong></a> libraries.</p></blockquote><p>This week we bring you posters by <strong>Agilent Technologies / ASMS, Shimadzu / ASMS, Thermo Fisher Scientific / HPLC Symposium </strong>and<strong> Waters Corporation / HPLC Symposium </strong>and technical note by<strong> KNAUER!</strong></p><h3><strong>1. Agilent Technologies / ASMS: Intact Protein Analysis in Plasma Using Automated 2D-LC/TOF with Multiple Heart-Cutting</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_intact_protein_mhc_2d_lc_tof_wp_679_asms_2026_en_agilent_edb54f4854.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Direct intact and top-down protein analysis enables comprehensive characterization of proteoforms, post-translational modifications, and fragments that are often lost in bottom-up workflows.1 However, intact mass analysis in complex biological matrices such as whole plasma is challenged by extreme dynamic range and ion suppression, commonly necessitating affinity-based enrichment.&nbsp;</p><p>Here, we demonstrate a non-affinity, orthogonal separation strategy using a 2D-LC/TOF workflow with multi-heart-cutting for native intact protein analysis directly in plasma. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) trastuzumab and antibody-drug conjugate T-DM1, were used as model systems to evaluate performance.&nbsp;</p><p>The workflow employs an Agilent 1290 Infinity III 2D-LC system for orthogonal separations and precise multiple heart-cutting, coupled to a high-resolution, high-sensitivity Agilent 6230C Accurate Mass TOF LC/MS System.</p><h4><strong>Experimental</strong></h4><h5><strong>Instrumentation&nbsp;</strong></h5><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=1290+Infinity+III+2D-LC"><strong>Agilent 1290 Infinity III 2D-LC system </strong></a>comprised the following modules:&nbsp;<ul><li>1290 Infinity III Bio Multisampler with Thermostat (G7137A)&nbsp;</li><li>1290 Infinity III Multicolumn Thermostat (G7116B)&nbsp;</li><li>1290 Infinity III Diode Array Detector (G7117B) with Max-Light cartridge cell (G7117-60020)&nbsp;</li><li>1260 Infinity III Bio Flexible Pump (G7131C)&nbsp;</li><li>1290 Infinity III Bio High-speed Pump (G7132A)&nbsp;</li><li>1290 Infinity Valve Drive (G1170A) with 2D-LC ASM Valve (G5643B)&nbsp;</li><li>Two 1290 Infinity III Valve Drives (G1170A) with multiple heart-cutting valves (G5642-64000) equipped with 40 µL Bio loops&nbsp;</li><li>1290 Infinity III Valve Drive (G1170A) with a 2- position/6-port valve (G4231A) (used as a diverter valve)&nbsp;</li></ul></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=6230C"><strong>Agilent 6230C Accurate Mass TOF LC/MS System</strong></a></li></ul><h5><strong>LC/MS Analysis&nbsp;</strong></h5><p>Data acquisition and analysis were carried out using <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=MassHunter+acquisition"><strong>MassHunter acquisition</strong></a> (12.2), <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=BioConfirm"><strong>BioConfirm</strong></a> (12.1) and <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=10&amp;search=MassHunter+Qualitative+Analysis"><strong>MassHunter Qualitative Analysis </strong></a>(13.0) software.</p><h4><strong>Conclusions</strong></h4><ul><li>Agilent 2D-LC enables direct native MS analysis of intact proteins from plasma without affinity-based enrichment.&nbsp;</li><li>UV-guided and multiple heart-cutting simplify 2D-LC method development and provide high-resolution isolation of native proteins from complex biological matrices such as plasma.&nbsp;</li><li>The Agilent 6230C Accurate Mass TOF delivers high sensitivity and excellent mass accuracy, enabling confident intact protein characterization under native conditions.</li></ul><h3><strong>2. KNAUER: Mind the pressure in preparative up-scaling – effects of particle size and solvent composition on back pressure</strong></h3><ul><li>Technical note</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/VTN_0051_knauer_mind_the_pressure_in_preparative_up_scaling_effects_of_particle_size_and_solvent_comp_12e49884d3.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>The back pressure of a chromatographic system is generated by the system components, the capillaries, the column, the solvent, and the applied flow rate. Each system has a maximum pressure which it can sustain, and therefore the pressure must be monitored as it is a limiting factor during method development. The back pressure generated by a column is dependent on the particle size and its length. The development of a preparative method is ideally performed on an analytical scale and after optimization the method is then scaled up to preparative scale.</p><p>As preparative HPLC systems normally have lower maximum pressures, it is important to keep the generated pressure in the range of the later preparative system.&nbsp;</p><p>The larger the particles of the column material are, the lower will be the generated back pressure. With increasing particle size, the resolution is decreasing at the same time. Depending on the separation task, the resolution can be a critical point, and it is important to find the right compromise between resolution and backpressure. Additionally, larger particles are significantly less price intensive, which is another factor to be considered especially for large scale purifications. Often solvent mixtures of water with acetonitrile, methanol or ethanol are used for reverse phased methods. Depending on the organic solvent composition, the generated back pressure differs significantly which could be reduced by changing the solvent composition slightly or the organic solvent if possible. The back pressure generated by the solvent will not or only slightly change during the up-scaling process.&nbsp;</p><p>Here, the influence of particle size, flow rate and solvent composition on the back pressure was evaluated. Further, a practical scale-up was performed to evaluate the values obtained on analytical scale to those in larger scale.</p><h4><strong>User Tips:&nbsp;</strong></h4><ul><li>What is the finale scale you want to operate later?&nbsp;</li><li>What are the pressure limitations of the preparative system?&nbsp;</li><li>Be aware of the solvent back pressure&nbsp;</li><li>Consider particle size not only for best separation&nbsp;</li><li>Consider the flow rate</li></ul><h4><strong>MATERIAL AND METHODS&nbsp;</strong></h4><ul><li><strong>Pump: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2372"><strong>AZURA® P 6.1LHPG</strong></a>, 10 ml, sst&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Autosampler: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2375"><strong>AZURA AS 6.1L</strong></a></li><li><strong>Detector:</strong> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2423"><strong>UV AZURA DAD 2.1L&nbsp;</strong></a></li><li><strong>Flow cell: </strong>Pressure proof 10 mm, 10 µl, 300 bar&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Thermostat:</strong> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/2376"><strong>CT2.1&nbsp;</strong></a></li><li><strong>Columns:&nbsp;</strong><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1633"><strong>Eurospher II 100-5 C18, 150 x 4.6 mm&nbsp;</strong></a></li><li>Eurospher II 100-10 C18, 150 x 4.6 mm&nbsp;</li><li>Eurospher II 100-15 C18, 150 x 4.6 mm&nbsp;</li><li>Eurospher II 100-20/45 C18, 150 x 4.6 mm &nbsp;</li></ul></li><li><strong>Software&nbsp;</strong><ul><li>ClarityChrom 10.1&nbsp;</li><li>ClarityChrom 10.1 PDA extension</li></ul></li></ul><h4><strong>CONCLUSION&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>The back pressures of four C18 150 x 4.6 mm columns, which differed only in particle size were measured and compared at different flow rates and solvent compositions. As expected, the 5 µm column showed the highest and the 20/45 µm column the lowest back pressure at all tested conditions. The pressure curves of ethanol and methanol gradients were similar, with a maximum pressure at approximately 50% solvent. The pressure curve of the acetonitrile gradient differed from the other two, showing the highest pressure at a lower organic solvent content of approximately 35%, after which the pressure dropped. Ethanol showed the highest pressure, followed by methanol and then acetonitrile. Determining the column back pressure at an analytical scale is an important tool during preparative method development. Ideally, if a linear scale up from the analytical to the preparative scale is conducted, the column back pressure should stay the same. This helps to predict if the method can be scaled up to the desired size in terms of back pressure.</p><h3><strong>3. Shimadzu / ASMS: Enhanced Quantification of Emerging UV Filter Contaminants in Drinking Water Using Optimized LC-MS/MS Technique</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/TP_121_Enhanced_Quantification_of_Emerging_UV_Filter_Contaminants_in_Drinking_Water_Using_Optimized_LC_MSMS_Technique_e733c64828.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Ultraviolet (UV) filter chemicals from sunscreens and personal care products are increasingly recognized as emerging contaminants of concern in drinking water1 . Their persistence and reported biological effects highlight the need for sensitive and reliable monitoring approaches2 . The objectives were to optimize quantitation to achieve ppt level detection without offline extraction and assess the occurrence of these compounds in multiple drinking water matrices. In this study, 20 UV filters were analyzed using a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=1&amp;search=LCMS-8060RX"><strong>Shimadzu LCMS8060RX triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.</strong></a></p><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>A highly sensitive, precise, and robust direct injection LC–MS/MS method enables sub-ppt to high-ppb quantification of 20 UV filters in drinking water. Overall, the highly sensitive and robust Shimadzu LCMS-8060RX Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer combined with this extraction-free workflow provides a simple, reliable, and high-throughput approach for quantifying emerging UV filters at ng/L concentrations in drinking water.</p><h3><strong>4. Thermo Fisher Scientific / HPLC Symposium: Comparison of biocompatible and inert UHPLC systems for LC-UV quantitation of large RNA</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/po_004752_hplc_vanquish_amplify_metal_sensitive_analyte_analysis_po004752_na_en_ff99cfde49.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><p>Accurate LC-UV analysis of large RNA and oligonucleotide therapeutics requires highly inert chromatographic flow paths because interactions between the negatively charged phosphodiester backbone and metallic surfaces can cause analyte loss, peak broadening, and reduced quantitative sensitivity, particularly at low concentration.&nbsp;</p><p>Here, an inert UHPLC system – Vanquish Amplify system, incorporating inert-coated flow path components was evaluated against a biocompatible UHPLC configuration using MP35N alloy capillaries and additionally against a commercially available inert UHPLC platform. Large RNA fragments of 500 and 5000 nucleotides were analyzed by IP-RPLC to assess the difference between these systems. To further investigate flow path interactions, adenosine 5′- (α,β-methylene) diphosphate (AMPcP), a metal-sensitive analyte, was analyzed alongside adenosine, a noninteracting reference compound.</p><h5><strong>Material and Methods</strong></h5><ul><li><strong>Instrumentation: </strong>Thermo Scientific Vanquish Amplify UHPLC system</li><li><strong>Column:</strong> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=3&amp;search=SurePac+Oligo"><strong>Thermo Scientific SurePac Oligo RP MDi HPLC column</strong></a>,<br>2.5 µm 2.1 X 50 mm (P/N: 43712-052132</li><li><strong>Data Analysis: </strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/76"><strong>The Thermo Scientific Chromeleon Software 7.3.2 MUc Chromatography Data System (CDS)</strong></a> was used for all data acquisition and analysis.</li></ul><h4><strong>Conclusions&nbsp;</strong></h4><p>Using AMPcP with the Vanquish Amplify system demonstrated up to a twofold increase in sensitivity compared to systems with MP35N fluidics under conditions where metal interactions are most pronounced&nbsp;</p><p>For large RNA, the Vanquish Amplify UHPLC system delivered 1.25–1.35× higher signal intensity compared to systems with MP35N fluidics, enabling reduced sample consumption and improved quantitative reliability.&nbsp;</p><p>The Vanquish Amplify UHPLC system demonstrated comparable system inertness under the tested conditions for larger RNA fragments (5,000 nt) and slightly better system inertness for smaller fragments (500 nt) in this study than the MaxPeak HPS containing system, based on peak height and area comparisons using an external UV detector</p><h3><strong>5. Waters Corporation / HPLC Symposium: Development and Transfer of Quantitative Analytical Methods using Universal Detectors</strong></h3><ul><li>Poster</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/720009493_8cbe4c3cc2.pdf"><strong>Full PDF for download</strong></a></li></ul><div><div><section><div><div><div><div><div><div><p>Universal detectors such as <strong>Charged Aerosol Detection (CAD)</strong> and <strong>Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (ELSD)</strong> provide valuable alternatives to traditional LC detectors including UV, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry, particularly for analytes lacking chromophores. Although both detectors are suitable for quantitative analysis, they rely on different detection principles—CAD measures the electrical charge transferred to aerosol particles, whereas ELSD detects light scattered by dried analyte particles. Because both detectors exhibit non-linear responses, quantitative methods typically require calibration models such as log-log linear or quadratic regression rather than conventional linear calibration. The poster discusses key considerations for developing robust quantitative methods and highlights the challenges associated with transferring methods between different universal detection platforms.</p><p>To demonstrate detector transferability, the authors migrated a <strong>HILIC method for sugar analysis in fruit juice</strong> from ELSD to CAD. The separation was performed on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/306"><strong>Waters Arc HPLC System</strong></a> equipped with an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/library?mainauthorItems=5&amp;search=XBridge+BEH+Amide"><strong>XBridge BEH Amide</strong></a><strong> (4.6 × 150 mm, 2.5 μm)</strong> column using a water/acetonitrile gradient containing triethylamine. While the chromatographic conditions remained unchanged, CAD detector parameters were optimized. Both detectors produced highly comparable quantitative performance across a calibration range of <strong>50–1000 μg/mL</strong>, achieving calibration coefficients (R²) above <strong>0.995</strong>, area RSD values below <strong>1.5%</strong>, and nearly identical concentrations of fructose, sorbitol, glucose, and sucrose in an apple juice sample. These results demonstrate that quantitative HILIC methods can be successfully transferred between ELSD and CAD with only detector-specific optimization.</p><p>The poster also evaluates method transfer between different CAD platforms using the <strong>USP Deoxycholic Acid assay</strong>. The method was implemented on a <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/198"><strong>Waters ACQUITY UPLC H-Class PLUS System</strong></a> with an <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://lcms.labrulez.com/products/1823"><strong>XBridge BEH C18</strong></a><strong> (4.6 × 150 mm, 3.5 μm)</strong> column and compared against a competing LC/CAD system. After scaling the method according to <strong>USP Chapter &lt;621&gt;</strong>, both systems met all USP system suitability requirements, including repeatability and signal-to-noise criteria. Quantitative results for deoxycholic acid and related impurities were virtually identical, confirming that validated CAD methods can be reliably transferred between different vendors' LC/CAD platforms without compromising analytical performance.</p><p>Overall, the study demonstrates that both ELSD and CAD are robust universal detection techniques for quantitative liquid chromatography. While method transfer between identical detector types is generally straightforward, successful migration between ELSD and CAD—or between different CAD systems—requires careful optimization of detector parameters while preserving chromatographic conditions. The presented workflows illustrate that with appropriate calibration and detector tuning, laboratories can achieve equivalent sensitivity, precision, and quantitative accuracy, facilitating method standardization and transfer across analytical platforms.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></section></div></div>

News from LabRulezLCMS Library - Week 29, 2026

Article

Academy

Video

Poster

Everything from the world of analytical chemistry in one place. We connect people in solving their problems. At Labrulez you will find all the necessary information easily, quickly and clearly. Stop searching and start finding.

LabRulez

Phenomenex is a global technology leader committed to developing novel analytical chemistry solutions that solve the separation and purification challenges of researchers in industrial, government and academic laboratories.

Phenomenex

Based in Berlin, KNAUER is a medium-sized, owner-managed company that has been serving the sciences since 1962. We develop and manufacture scientific instruments of superior quality for liquid chromatography, including: Analytical HPLC/UHPLC, Preparative HPLC, Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), Multi-column chromatography/Simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography. High pressure dosing, in-line detection systems, and osmometry are additional business areas.

KNAUER

Metrohm

Agilent Technologies

SelectScience

Waters Corporation

<p><strong>Separation of highly polar compounds such as pharmaceuticals, metabolites, and biomarkers can be challenging using traditional reversed-phase methods on regular C18 columns.</strong></p>
<p>In this webinar, we will discuss available alternatives such as ion pairing, use of polar bonded phases, or polar modified columns. We will also discuss the benefits of selecting alternative modes of separation, such as HILIC and Ligand Exchange chromatography.</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Golnar Javadi (Application Engineer, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Golnar Javadi is an applications engineer providing online applications assistance and technical support for LC columns and supplies, Sample Preparation products, and Spectroscopy supplies.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Before joining Varian and then Agilent, Golnar worked in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries on method development and quality control. She also taught college level chemistry courses for a few years.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Golnar then joined Varian as a technical support specialist, providing customers with method development assistance and technical support on Sample Preparation (SPE, SLE, and Filtration), HPLC, GC, ToxiLab and DAT. After the Varian-Agilent merger, Golnar joined Agilent Technologies as an Applications Engineer. She provides technical support to customers on Sample Preparation products, Liquid Chromatography columns, and Spectroscopy supplies.</p>
</blockquote>


Agilent Technologies: Analysis of Polar Analytes by LC - What are the Options?

Analysis of Polar Analytes by LC - What are the Options?

In this webinar, we will discuss available alternatives such as ion pairing, use of polar bonded phases, or polar modified columns.

<p><strong>LC-MS/MS is rapidly becoming the gold standard for quantifying different classes of analytes in endocrinology research.  The power of greater selectivity and analytical sensitivity using LC-MS/MS is critical in understanding the status of endocrine biochemical pathways.  The enhanced performance observed on these platforms provides increased confidence in the results, enabling you to make better decisions based on more accurate information.</strong></p>
<p>Greater analytical sensitivity is a goal that drives improvements in precision, leading to clearer insights into results down to low physiological concentrations.  Here we will discuss the latest introduction to the Waters MassTrak™ IVD system family, which is shown to be analytically sensitive and efficient, helping to reduce cost and improve the quality of your data. </p>
<p>Learning objectives: </p>
<ul>
<li><p><strong>An introduction to the latest addition to Waters MassTrak IVD System for clinical laboratories</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>The importance of selectivity in endocrinology research in obtaining high quality data</strong></p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>How the latest addition to Waters MassTrak IVD System addresses the needs of those key endocrinology research applications, including steroid hormone analysis</strong></p>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Dominic Foley (Principal Scientist, Waters Corporation)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Dominic is a Principal Scientist working at Waters Mass Spectrometry Headquarters in Wilmslow, UK. Having joined the company in September 2013, he has specialized in the development of LC-MS/MS clinical research applications, with expertise in steroid hormone analysis and protein/peptide quantification. In his role, he also collaborates with clinical customers in the development and implementation of LC-MS/MS methods in their laboratories.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Dominic has worked in separation sciences for 14 years, following his ambition of improving the quality of healthcare. He started his career with ICON Development Solutions, a CRO in the north of the UK, where he worked as a LC-MS/MS method development and validation scientist supporting DMPK studies in drug discovery. In 2012, he joined Thermo Fisher Scientific to work in their Chromatography R&amp;D team as a Technical Support Specialist, working on the development of new chromatography and sample preparation products.</p>
</blockquote>
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<p>Dominic received his BSc (Hons) in Biochemistry from the University of Manchester in 2006. He has presented his work at conferences around the world and has several publications in both the Microchemical Journal and the Journal of Chromatography A.</p>
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<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> David Ballantyne (Principal Product Manager, Waters Corporation)</p>
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<p>David Ballantyne is a Principal Product Manager at Waters Corporation, working within the Global Clinical Diagnostics Portfolio Management team. Having joined the company in 2005, he has held multiple roles throughout Manufacturing and R&amp;D. David has a background in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering and began his career at Waters supporting GC-MS/MS technologies including Tandem Quadrupole and Magnetic Sector Mass Spectrometry.</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>In 2018 he moved to his role in Product Management where is focus changed to Clinical Diagnostics, with a particular focus on LC – MS/MS Instrumentation and Informatics solutions. Over the last 5 years David has spent much of his time focused on understanding customer problems and translating them into new solutions.</p>
</blockquote>


Waters Corporation: The Evolving Power of LC-MS/MS Technology within Endocrinology

The Evolving Power of LC-MS/MS Technology within Endocrinology

Here we will discuss the latest introduction to the Waters MassTrak™ IVD system family for clinical laboratories.

The Evolving Power of LC-MS/MS within Endocrinology

<p><strong>A key aspect of durable data is staying current with technologies and underlying platforms. With each new release of Empower Software, you have the opportunity to explore new functionality that will support your operations, as you strive to increase productivity and efficiency while also reducing risk across your entire organization. Whether you are a system administrator, scientist, or in quality, the release of Empower 3.8.0 brings you a new set of tools to support your goals.</strong></p>
<p>Key points of discussion will be:</p>
<ul>
<li>Updates to System Suitability</li>
<li>New features to simplify work and streamline workflows</li>
<li>Compliance and quality enhancements</li>
</ul>
<p>Join us for a live discussion as we explore Empower 3.8.0. As always, don’t forget to bring your questions for this exclusive opportunity to ask our experts anything about Empower Software</p>
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<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Neil Lander (Principal Product Manager, Waters Corporation)</p>
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<blockquote>
<p>Neil has worked for Waters Corporation since 1994 and has held a variety of positions including Technical Support Specialist, Technical Trainer, Manager Customer Education and currently, Principal Marketing Manager focusing on Informatics solutions. He provides internal support for Empower Chromatography Data System and is focused on developing laboratory software solutions that help organizations achieve their scientific and operational objectives. Prior to joining Waters, he was an analytical chemist where he gained experience in both the cosmetics and specialty chemical industries.</p>
</blockquote>
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<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Sukhdev Bangar (Principal Product Manager – HPLC, Waters Corporation)</p>
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<blockquote>
<p>Sukhdev Bangar is a Principal Product Manager at Waters Corporation in Waters QA/QC Divison. He has over 15 years’ experience in the area of LC and LC-MS applications. Starting life in industry at GSK working with OTC treatments of Dermatological ailments, Inhalation drug testing at 3M, followed by DMPK at AstraZeneca. In 2005 he joined Waters in the Global MS product management group working with R&amp;D to evaluate new MS hardware and software features from an end user perspective. In 2010 he joined the Americas MS demo lab and after a few years became the Team Leader for the Pharma group, leading the efforts in Quan/Qual application Demo’s. Since 2019 Sukhdev has held his current role working out of Waters HQ. His responsibilities include Waters next generation HPLC product line.</p>
</blockquote>
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<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Lauren Wood (Empower Customer Success Manager, Waters Corporation)</p>
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<p>Lauren is the Empower Customer Success Manager and is an Empower subject matter expert (SME). Lauren’s concentration is customer success through focus on the support process and defect resolution process for issues pertaining to Empower and/or third-party instrument drivers. Lauren liaises between customers and Marketing, Support, Engineering and CXKM to understand impact and to work with internal teams to prioritize, document, communicate, and resolve software issues. Lauren’s previous roles at Waters during her 30-year tenure have included phone support in Technical Service, Empower training in Customer Education, and Empower product management.</p>
</blockquote>


Waters Corporation: Empower Tips Special Edition: Ask Me Anything About Our Newest Empower Release - Empower 3.8.0

Empower Tips Special Edition: Ask Me Anything About Our Newest Empower Release - Empower 3.8.0

Join us for a live discussion as we explore Empower 3.8.0. As always, don’t forget to bring your questions about Empower Software.

Waters Empower Tips: Newest Release - Empower 3.8.0

<p><strong>Chromium content and impurity analysis of plating baths using ion chromatography provide a highly accurate and easily automated solution compared with traditional wet chemistry methods. Quality control of these and similar plating bath sample types is essential for dialing in bath performance.</strong></p>
<p>Attend this session to learn how The Armoloy Corporation recently replaced tedious, manual analysis of their chromium baths with IC to monitor chromium and ionic contaminants. You’ll also learn how to combine this knowledge with the fundamentals of IC so that you can apply this to other sample types. Take part in our live Q&amp;A after the presentation to get your specific questions answered by our experts. </p>
<h5><strong>Who should attend?</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li>Analysts, technicians, chemists who want to learn how IC can simplify their analysis, eliminating more cumbersome techniques</li>
<li>Quality lab managers considering implementing IC into their lab</li>
</ul>
<h5><strong>Key learning points</strong></h5>
<ul>
<li><strong>Learn how IC can be used to simplify multiparameter analyses and eliminate tedious wet chemistry methods</strong></li>
<li><strong>Understand how IC can be used as an important tool for quality control in industry</strong></li>
<li><strong>Learn the basics of IC from a theoretical and equipment standpoint</strong></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Kris Johnson (Chemist, Armoloy)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Kris Johnson is a chemist at Armoloy where he has been for four years and recently completed his CEF. He handles the chemical and metallurgical testing and heads R&amp;D, among other things. Kris graduated from the chemistry program at Northern Illinois University where he was also a researcher and was recognized in three different published articles. He uses his knowledge in the plating industry to participate in the Aerospace Materials Specifications B Committee to review and update several of these specifications used by numerous laboratories worldwide.</p>
</blockquote>
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<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Bikash Chouhan (Applications Specialist, Metrohm USA)</p>
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<p>Bikash Chouhan is an Applications Specialist for Ion Chromatography at Metrohm USA. He completed his PhD in Analytical Chemistry from the University of Texas at Arlington (UTA). His area of research during his PhD was in Capillary Scale Ion Chromatography. He has worked as a Post Doc at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UTA and as a Senior Scientist in IC at Eurofins, before joining Metrohm USA. He is currently involved in expanding IC applications to more unique and challenging sample matrices.</p>
</blockquote>


Metrohm: Analysis of Plating Baths with Ion Chromatography

Analysis of Plating Baths with Ion Chromatography

Learn how The Armoloy Corporation recently replaced tedious, manual analysis of their chromium baths with IC to monitor chromium and ionic contaminants.

<p><strong>Novel dosage forms require novel dissolution techniques and instruments. Drug-eluting stent testing, transdermals, implants, contact lenses, medical devices, and a variety of other products require absolute control over evaporative losses and assurance of analytical sample integrity. The dissolution testing is frequently done using ultralow volumes in the 5–10 mL range.</strong></p>
<p>In this webinar, we will explore tools and techniques that address the challenges of these types of analysis by examining several examples and case studies.</p>
<h5>Key learning objectives</h5>
<ul>
<li><strong>Discover dissolution techniques for novel formulations</strong></li>
<li><strong>Explore case studies for small-volume dissolution testing</strong></li>
<li><strong>Learn about the Agilent 400-DS</strong></li>
</ul>
<h5>Who should attend?</h5>
<ul>
<li>Dissolution users, lab managers in R&amp;D and QC, and drug/device manufacturers</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Dr. Karen Krauel-Goellner (Product Manager Dissolution Systems, Agilent Technologies)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Dr. Karen Krauel-Goellner is a registered pharmacist and holds a PhD from the University of Otago, NZ, in the area of formulation development. Krauel-Goellner previously held research positions at universities and Boehringer Ingelheim, and worked as a clinical supply manager at Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica. In 2013, Krauel-Goellner joined Agilent Technologies and is currently a Global Product Manager for Agilent Dissolution Systems. </p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Georgina Wynne Hughes (Editorial Team, SelectScience)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Georgina studied at Birmingham University where she gained a BSc in Biomedical Science, and an MSc by Research in Cancer and Genomic Sciences, which focused on defective autophagy in rare neurodegenerative diseases. As a member of the Editorial team, she now plays an integral role in shaping the content on SelectScience.</p>
</blockquote>


Select Science: Overcoming Dissolution Challenges with Low-Dose Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices

Overcoming Dissolution Challenges with Low-Dose Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices

We will explore tools and techniques that address the challenges of these types of analysis by examining several examples and case studies.

Dissolution with Low-Dose Pharmaceuticals and Medical

<p><strong>UV-VIS typical maintenance and some common validation tests will be discussed.</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong>  Scott Melis, PhD (Application Scientist, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Scott Melis has a PHD in Physics from Georgetown University in Washington, DC and started with Agilent in 2021 as a Molecular Spectroscopy Application Scientist. In his graduate work, Scott studied nanoparticle formation and growth for a variety of applications. Projects that he worked with include developing processes to deposit and characterize semiconducting molecular nano-cocrystals for use in optoelectronic devices as well as controlling polymer nanoparticle size through rapid mixing conditions.</p>
</blockquote>


Agilent Technologies: Maintaining Your UV-VIS Spectrometer

Maintaining Your UV-VIS Spectrometer

UV-VIS typical maintenance and some common validation tests will be discussed.

<p><strong>Complement your Empower CDS with sample management, equipment inventory and data archiving.</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>How isolated is your Empower CDS network?</li>
<li>Do you manually transcribe sample information?</li>
<li>Do maintain paper logbooks for your system usage?</li>
<li>Do you deal with the life of your data after processing and reporting?</li>
</ul>


Waters Corporation: CDS and LMS integrated to single product

CDS and LMS integrated to single product

Complement your Empower CDS with sample management, equipment inventory and data archiving.

<p><strong>Join us in this webinar to discuss on basics of GPC technology and respective details of instruments, separations, and parameters in GPC analysis. Along with respective principles and uses for various types of large/polymer samples.</strong></p>
<p>In this webinar, we will discuss:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Introduction of GPC</strong></li>
<li><strong>GPC Separation principles</strong></li>
<li><strong>Instrument detectors and respective uses</strong></li>
<li><strong>What does GPC give?</strong></li>
<li><strong>Interpretation of GPC data</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>By attending this webinar you will learn: The basics of GPC along with details of various detection techniques, parameters, separation mechanism and interpretation of data.</p>
<p>*Attend all 3 sessions and get a digital certificate from Agilent</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Dr. Ramaprasad Ganni (Technical Support Specialist, Agilent Technologies)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Ramaprasad Ganni has 21 years of experience in the field of Chromatography and Column chemistries. Working with Agilent technologies India, since 2008 in Chemistries and Supplies division. Previously Worked for Elsevier GmbH, and Millipore India Pvt, Ltd. Responsible for Workflow solutions development, providing technical support, and trainings. Experienced in Sample prep, HPLC, GC, Mass spec and GPC Chromatography technologies.</p>
</blockquote>


Agilent Technologies: Fundamentals of Gel Permeation Chromatography Analysis

Fundamentals of Gel Permeation Chromatography Analysis

The basics of GPC along with details of various detection techniques, parameters, separation mechanism and interpretation of data.

<ul>
<li><p>Wait what?! Who knew!? There are so many things that a mass spec can do.</p>
</li>
<li><p>I&#39;ve used it for years, yes this may be true.</p>
</li>
<li><p>I&#39;ve processed some samples, more than a few.</p>
</li>
<li><p>But between me and you, I had no idea all the things it could do!</p>
</li>
<li><p>From sample prep to separation, you just won&#39;t believe…</p>
</li>
<li><p>All of the tips and tricks we have up our sleeve.</p>
</li>
<li><p>So, take a few minutes, about 15 should do.</p>
</li>
<li><p>And learn all the things your mass spec can do.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Electrospray ionization (ESI) is the most common ionization technique used in LC-MS, however not all samples are best analyzed by ESI.  Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) is a complementary technique that can work well with small molecules that are more non-polar or neutral. Considerations for solvent and mobile phase additives to optimize APCI performance will be discussed.</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong> Emily Parry, PhD (LC/MS Applications Scientist, Agilent Technologies, Inc.)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Emily has been with Agilent for four years. Prior to joining Agilent, Emily developed methods for environmental contaminants in a variety of human and environmental matrices using both targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry techniques. She worked as a researcher at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Public Health Institute. She received her Ph.D. degree in Environmental Chemistry from the University of California, Davis.</p>
</blockquote>


Agilent Technologies: From Liquid to Ions…. Eliminate your Fears switching from Electrospray ionization (ESI) to Atmospheric Pressure chemical Ionization (APCI)

From Liquid to Ions…. Eliminate your Fears switching from Electrospray ionization (ESI) to Atmospheric Pressure chemical Ionization (APCI)

ESI vs. APCI. Considerations for solvent and mobile phase additives to optimize APCI performance will be discussed.

From Liquid to Ions…. Switching from ESI to APCI

<h5>This series will focus on:</h5>
<ul>
<li>An overview on how to ensure your LC system is performing optimally as well as the three main mechanisms that are available to adjust the selectivity of a separation</li>
<li>Allowable changes related to USP&lt;621&gt; with highlights on cost and time savings when modernizing your method</li>
<li>Column chemistry suggestions and tips on how to choose the appropriate column during method development</li>
</ul>
<h5>Who should attend?</h5>
<p>Laboratory managers and scientists who would like to understand how method modernization can save you time and money, those who want to reduce method development time, and those who are curious about how to bring new technology into their laboratory.</p>
<h3><strong>PART 1 : CREATING GREAT CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS USING A SYSTEMIC APPROACH</strong></h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Learn how column chemistry, organic solvent, and mobile phase pH influence chromatographic selectivity</strong></li>
<li><strong>Learn how to implement a systemic method development approach</strong></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>Presenter:</strong>  Kenneth Berthelette (Senior Scientist, Waters Corporation Chemistry and Consumables Group)</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Ken earned his Bachelor&#39;s of Science degree in Professional Chemistry from Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater Massachusetts, in 2010. He has been with Waters Corporation since March 2012 and has worked on several product launches including CORTECS columns, UPC2 Torus and Trefoil columns, and the Atlantis Premier BEH Z-HILIC column. He changed job functions in 2021 and now supports Chemistry Aftermarket initiatives. His focus on applications and customer education has led to several seminars and webinars on topics including method development, method modernization and transfer, HILIC separation techniques, and LC system troubleshooting.</p>
</blockquote>


Waters Corporation: CREATING GREAT CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS USING A SYSTEMIC APPROACH

CREATING GREAT CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS USING A SYSTEMIC APPROACH

Systemic method development approach. Learn how column chemistry, organic solvent, and mobile phase pH influence chromatographic selectivity.